KR20230022827A - Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method of operating a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting the same. According to an embodiment applicable to the present disclosure, a terminal reports UE Capability information to a base station, receives information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included from the base station, and through the received information Data is received based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spreading (s)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), but the data may be received based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

Description

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system

The following description relates to a wireless communication system, in which a terminal receives a signal from a base station through Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-spreading-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), (hereinafter referred to as DFT-s-OFDM). It is about a method and device.

In particular, when a terminal receives a signal from a base station through DFT-s-OFDM, it relates to a transmission/reception structure and signaling method for solving a problem of increasing a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

A wireless access system is widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) system.

In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) has been proposed. In addition, communication systems considering reliability and latency sensitive services/UEs as well as massive Machine Type Communications (MTC) providing various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects have been proposed. Various technical configurations for this have been proposed.

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned matters, and other technical problems not mentioned above are common knowledge in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those who have

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system includes reporting UE Capability information to a base station, and receiving information on whether or not a reference signal to which a phase rotation is applied is included from the base station. , receiving data based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) through the received information. At this time, the data may be received based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal operating in a wireless communication system may be provided. At this time, the terminal is operatively connected to at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, at least one processor, and the at least one processor, and instructions for causing the at least one processor to perform a specific operation when executed It may include at least one memory for storing. At this time, the specific operation reports UE Capability information to the base station, receives information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included from the base station, and transmits data through the received information to DFT (Discrete It is received based on Fourier Transform)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), but the data may be received based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal. Also, the terminal may be a terminal that communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle including the terminal.

As an example of the present disclosure, in a base station operating in a wireless communication system, at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, at least one processor, and operably connected to the at least one processor, when executed, the at least one It may include at least one memory storing instructions (instructions) for causing the processor to perform a specific operation. At this time, the specific operation receives UE Capability information from the UE, transmits information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included to the UE, and transmits data through the transmitted information to DFT (Discrete It is transmitted based on Fourier Transform)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), but the data may be transmitted based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

In addition, the following items may be commonly applied to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals of a terminal and a base station to which the present disclosure is applied.

As an example of the present disclosure, the first reference signal may be a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied based on the first phase value, and the second reference signal may be a reference signal having a phase value fixed to 0.

As an example of the present disclosure, the first phase value may be set to one of phase values included in the phase candidate group.

As an example of the present disclosure, phase rotation may be applied to the data based on the first phase value.

As an example of the present disclosure, the step of estimating a phase difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal may be further included, and data received by applying the phase rotation may be compensated based on the estimated phase difference. .

As an example of the present disclosure, the UE capability information may be information on whether the UE can estimate and compensate for a rotated phase through at least one reference signal.

As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal reporting the terminal capability information as a first value may receive the first reference signal and the second reference signal having different phases from the base station.

As an example of the present disclosure, the terminal reporting the terminal capability information as a first value may be a terminal capable of estimating and compensating for the rotated phase through the at least one reference signal.

As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal reporting the terminal capability information as a second value may receive the first reference signal and the second reference signal having the same phase from the base station.

As an example of the present disclosure, information on whether the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is included may be received from the base station through downlink control information (DCI).

As an example of the present disclosure, information on whether the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is included may be received from the base station through Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration.

The above-described aspects of the present disclosure are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are the detailed descriptions of the present disclosure to be detailed below by those of ordinary skill in the art. It can be derived and understood based on the description.

The following effects may be obtained by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, a UE may receive a downlink signal having a low PAPR based on a DFT-s-OFDM scheme from a base station.

According to the present disclosure, a terminal can estimate a phase rotation value applied to a base station without separate signaling based on a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied and a reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied.

According to the present disclosure, a terminal can obtain phase information from a base station through an existing reference signal, and through this, spectral efficiency can be increased.

According to the present disclosure, when a base station transmits a signal based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme, the base station may select a phase value having a low PAPR.

According to the present disclosure, a base station can increase average power of a transmission signal and increase power efficiency.

Effects obtainable in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the following embodiments of the present disclosure. can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art. That is, unintended effects according to implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with a detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may mean structural elements.
1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.
2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.
5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.
6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applicable to the present disclosure.
7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.
8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.
9 is a diagram showing an example of AI (Artificial Intelligence) applicable to the present disclosure.
10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applicable to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.
11 is a diagram showing structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applicable to the present disclosure.
12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.
13 is a diagram showing the structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.
14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.
15 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.
17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.
18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure.
20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.
22 is a diagram showing a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.
23 is a diagram showing PAPR of DFT-s-OFDM applicable to the present disclosure.
24 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data to a plurality of users based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme applicable to the present disclosure.
25 is a diagram illustrating a partial transmit sequence method applicable to the present disclosure.
26 is a diagram illustrating a method of extending a PTS scheme applicable to the present disclosure to a plurality of users.
27 is a diagram showing a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.
28 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a low PAPR signal applicable to the present disclosure.
29 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR applicable to the present disclosure.
30 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR applicable to the present disclosure.
31 is a diagram showing a structure of a receiving end applicable to the present disclosure.
32 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for receiving data based on a low PAPR applicable to the present disclosure.
33 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR applicable to the present disclosure.
34 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a terminal to receive data from a base station applicable to the present disclosure.
35 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a terminal to receive data from a base station applicable to the present disclosure.
36 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transmitting data from a base station to a terminal applicable to the present disclosure.

The following embodiments are those that combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured by combining some elements and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure have not been described, and procedures or steps that can be understood by those skilled in the art have not been described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising" or "including" a certain element, it means that it may further include other elements, not excluding other elements, unless otherwise stated. do. In addition, terms such as “… unit”, “… unit”, and “module” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. can be implemented as Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and similar related words in the context of describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the claims below) Unless indicated or otherwise clearly contradicted by context, both the singular and the plural can be used.

Embodiments of the present disclosure in this specification have been described with a focus on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, a base station has meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by a base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or network nodes other than the base station. At this time, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, Node B, eNode B, gNode B, ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point. can be replaced by

In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced with terms such as mobile terminal or advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node providing data service or voice service, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node receiving data service or voice service. Therefore, in the case of uplink, the mobile station can be a transmitter and the base station can be a receiver. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be a receiving end and the base station may be a transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems, such as an IEEE 802.xx system, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and a 3GPP2 system. It may be supported by at least one disclosed standard document, and in particular, the embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents It can be.

In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described systems. For example, it may also be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be explained by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical configurations of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

In the following, in order to clarify the following description, the description is based on the 3GPP communication system (e.g. (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE is 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may mean technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may mean technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" means a standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For background art, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. As an example, 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents may be referred to.

Communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit and receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE and NR). Here, {the first wireless device 200a, the second wireless device 200b} denotes the {wireless device 100x and the base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or the {wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x. } can correspond.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive a radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a and store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, memory 204a may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202a, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive a radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b and store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208b. The transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited to this, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b. For example, the one or more processors 202a and 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and functional layers such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein. can create One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. One or more processors 202a, 202b generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or signals (eg, baseband signals) containing information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b. One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information can be obtained according to these.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). may be included in one or more processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 202a or 202b or stored in one or more memories 204a or 204b. It can be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or instructions. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or It may consist of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located internally and/or externally to one or more processors 202a, 202b. In addition, one or more memories 204a, 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flow charts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 206a and 206b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. In addition, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled to one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected to one or more antennas 208a, 208b to achieve the descriptions, functions disclosed in this document. , procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. can be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b), the received radio signal / channel, etc. in the RF band signal It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or more transceivers 206a and 206b may convert user data, control information, and radio signals/channels processed by one or more processors 202a and 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2, and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be configured. For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310, a control unit 320, a memory unit 330, and an additional element 340. The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b. For example, transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a, 206b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more antennas 208a, 208b. The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310, the memory unit 330, and the additional element 340 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 320 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit 330. In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from other communication devices) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may be a robot (FIG. 1, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 1, 100c), a mobile device (FIG. 1, 100d) ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT devices (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environment device, an AI server/device (FIG. 1, 140), a base station (FIG. 1, 120), a network node, and the like. Wireless devices can be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-case/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface or at least partially connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300, the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first units (eg, 130 and 140) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310. can be connected Additionally, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 320 may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or combinations thereof. can be configured.

Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. A portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). A mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , a portable device 400 includes an antenna unit 408, a communication unit 410, a control unit 420, a memory unit 430, a power supply unit 440a, an interface unit 440b, and an input/output unit 440c. ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may perform various operations by controlling components of the portable device 400 . The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support connection between the mobile device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, audio input/output ports and video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c acquires information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430. can be stored The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and directly transmit the converted wireless signal to another wireless device or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 410 may receive a radio signal from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. After the restored information/signal is stored in the memory unit 430, it may be output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which this disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.

5 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied. A vehicle or an autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc., and is not limited to a vehicle type.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508, a communication unit 510, a control unit 520, a driving unit 540a, a power supply unit 540b, a sensor unit 540c, and an autonomous driving unit. A portion 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside base units, etc.), servers, and the like. The controller 520 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 . The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle conditions, surrounding environment information, and user information. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward. /Can include a reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining the driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting the speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set and driving. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 520 may control the driving unit 540a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (eg, speed/direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may non/periodically obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology based on information collected from the vehicle or self-driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or self-driving vehicles.

6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least one of a vehicle, a train, an air vehicle, and a ship. In addition, the mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the moving object 600 may include a communication unit 610, a control unit 620, a memory unit 630, an input/output unit 640a, and a position measurement unit 640b. Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile bodies or external devices such as base stations. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling components of the moving body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the moving object 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630. The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The location measurement unit 640b may obtain location information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600, location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with surrounding vehicles. The location measurement unit 640b may include GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the moving object 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store them in the memory unit 630 . The location measuring unit 640b may acquire moving object location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, location information of the moving object, and the like, and the input/output unit 640a may display the created virtual object on a window in the moving object (651, 652). In addition, the controller 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operated within the traveling line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally departs from the driving line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on a window in the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. In addition, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message about driving abnormality to nearby moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the circumstances, the controller 620 may transmit location information of the moving object and information about driving/moving object abnormality to related organizations through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , an XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710, a control unit 720, a memory unit 730, an input/output unit 740a, a sensor unit 740b, and a power supply unit 740c. . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include video, image, sound, and the like. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside and output the created XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and a / or radar, etc. may be included. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from a user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when a user tries to watch a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 700a, the controller 720 transmits content request information through the communication unit 730 to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream content such as movies and news from other devices (eg, the mobile device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The control unit 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, metadata generation/processing, etc. for the content, and acquires the content through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b. An XR object may be created/output based on information about a surrounding space or a real object.

In addition, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the mobile device 700b through the communication unit 710, and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the mobile device 700b. For example, the mobile device 700b may act as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, and the like according to the purpose or field of use. At this time, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810, a control unit 820, a memory unit 830, an input/output unit 840a, a sensor unit 840b, and a driving unit 840c. . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 810 may transmit/receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may perform various operations by controlling components of the robot 800 . The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800. The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and output the information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information of the robot 800, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the driving unit 840c may make the robot 800 drive on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include actuators, motors, wheels, brakes, propellers, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. As an example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a movable device.

Referring to FIG. 9, the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910, a control unit 920, a memory unit 930, an input/output unit 940a/940b, a running processor unit 940c, and a sensor unit 940d. can include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 910 communicates wired and wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user data) with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIG. 1, 100x, 120, and 140) or AI servers (Fig. input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the controller 920 may perform the determined operation by controlling components of the AI device 900 . For example, the controller 920 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may perform a predicted operation among at least one feasible operation or an operation determined to be desirable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute an operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the running processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1, 140) can be transmitted to an external device. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a, data obtained from the communication unit 910, output data from the learning processor unit 940c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 940. Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes required for operation/execution of the controller 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900, surrounding environment information of the AI device 900, and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 940c may learn a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data. The running processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 1, 140). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930.

Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a wireless access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to the base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and there are various physical channels according to the type/use of the information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.

In the power-off state, the power is turned on again or the terminal newly entered the cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal may receive a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as a cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may acquire intra-cell broadcast information by receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station. Meanwhile, the terminal may check the downlink channel state by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to the physical downlink control channel information in step S1012, Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure such as steps S1013 to S1016 in order to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel corresponding thereto (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and performs a contention resolution procedure such as receiving a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal (S1015). ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure (S1017) and physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel). channel, PUSCH) signal and/or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted (S1018).

Control information transmitted from the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK/NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment/negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, UCI is generally transmitted periodically through PUCCH, but may be transmitted through PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be simultaneously transmitted). In addition, the UE may aperiodically transmit UCI through the PUSCH according to a request/instruction of the network.

11 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , Entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the terminal may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile device, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, a terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied, and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of eNB, gNB, and ng-eNB. Also, a base station may refer to a device that transmits a downlink signal to a terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or device. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device that performs a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (e.g. a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. Also, the network function may refer to a function implemented to perform the network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. Also, the user plane may refer to a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to an upper layer using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. At this time, data may move between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data may move between physical layers of a transmitting side and a receiving side through a physical channel. At this time, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). An RB may refer to a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between a terminal and a network. To this end, the RRC layer of the terminal and the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to several terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. Downlink transport channels for transmitting data from the network to the terminal include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting paging messages, and a shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. there is. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transport channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Logical channels located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast control channel (MTCH). traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. For example, the transmitted signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210, a modulator 1220, a layer mapper 1230, a precoder 1240, a resource mapper 1250, and a signal generator 1260. At this time, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . Also, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and are not limited to the above-described embodiment.

The codeword may be converted into a radio signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, a codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. Information blocks may include transport blocks (eg, UL-SCH transport blocks, DL-SCH transport blocks). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210. A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1220. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1230. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse to the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, a wireless device (eg, 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process. The codeword may be restored to an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on the frame shown in FIG. 13. In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (half-frame, HF). One half-frame may be defined as five 1ms subframes (subframes, SFs). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when a normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots according to SCS when an extended CSP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

는 슬롯 내 심볼의 개수를 나타내고,

는 프레임 내 슬롯의 개수를 나타내고,

는 서브프레임 내 슬롯의 개수를 나타낼 수 있다.In Tables 1 and 2 above,

represents the number of symbols in the slot,

represents the number of slots in the frame,

May represent the number of slots in a subframe.

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently among a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., SFs, slots, or TTIs) (for convenience, collectively referred to as time units (TUs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1 and FR2). FR1 and FR2 can be configured as shown in the table below. Also, FR2 may mean millimeter wave (mmW).

[Table 3]

6G (radio communications) systems are characterized by (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to lower energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity”, and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

[Table 4]

Also, as an example, the above-described numerology may be set differently in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable. For example, a Terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a frequency band higher than the aforementioned FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described below.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include up to N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G communication system

At this time, the 6G system is enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), mMTC (massive machine type communications), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and improved data security ( can have key factors such as enhanced data security.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , a 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become a more mainstream technology by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms in 6G communications. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volume spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to serve the global mobile population. Integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communications system could be critical for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communications systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the wireless evolution from “connected things” to “connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at each step of the communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network capabilities of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will make super 3-D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the new network characteristics of 6G as above, some general requirements can be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks has been introduced to improve received signal quality resulting in improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are an essential feature of 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB) and beyond communication systems. Therefore, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

- High-capacity backhaul: A backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber and free space optical (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the features of 6G wireless communication systems. Thus, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features fundamental to the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for the 6G system is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI in communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use a plethora of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the brain computer interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, there have been attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are focused on the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning, wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, such research is gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission are appearing in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a downlink (DL) physical layer. Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

AI algorithms based on deep learning require a lot of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a radio channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, the signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research is needed on a neural network that detects a complex domain signal.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of actions that train a machine to create a machine that can do tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a running model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be largely classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network training is aimed at minimizing errors in the output. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data to the neural network, calculates the output of the neural network for the training data and the error of the target, and backpropagates the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in a direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which correct answers are labeled in the learning data, and unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled in the learning data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which each learning data is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error may be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network and the label of the training data. The calculated error is back-propagated in a reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back-propagation. The amount of change in the connection weight of each updated node may be determined according to a learning rate. The neural network's computation of input data and backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently according to the number of iterations of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, a high learning rate is used in the early stages of neural network learning to increase efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and a low learning rate can be used in the late stage to increase accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in a case where the purpose of the receiver is to accurately predict data transmitted by the transmitter in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN). and this learning model can be applied.

Terahertz (THz) communication

THz communication can be applied in 6G systems. For example, the data transmission rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding to the sub-THz band mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communications capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the broad band, but is at the border of the wide band, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be incorporated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables advanced adaptive array technology to overcome range limitations.

optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisioned for 6G communications in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks access network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology is already in use after the 4G communication system, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a wide band are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communications. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for super-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on broadband.

FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in FSO systems is similar to fiber optic systems. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. With FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote locations such as ocean, space, underwater and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must be considered as important so that data signals can be transmitted through more than one path.

block chain

Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, where a distributed ledger is a database that is distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed as a peer to peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography. Blockchain is the perfect complement to the IoT at scale with inherently improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Thus, blockchain technology provides multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of other IoT systems, and large-scale connection reliability in 6G communication systems.

3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and air networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of height and related degrees of freedom makes 3D connections quite different from traditional 2D networks.

quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning approaches cannot label the vast amount of data generated by 6G. Labeling is not required in unsupervised learning. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. Base station entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and cannot provide services in sometimes volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates three basic requirements of a wireless network: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also support multiple purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, accident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

Cell-free Communication

The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is critical for 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

Integration of wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifetime of battery charging wireless systems. Thus, battery-less devices will be supported in 6G communications.

Integration of sensing and communication

Autonomous radio networks are capable of continuously sensing dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

Integration of access backhaul networks

In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by fiber and backhaul connections such as FSO networks. To cope with the very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

Holographic Beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. A subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference avoidance and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

big data analytics

Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive data in 6G systems.

large intelligent surface (LIS)

In the case of THz band signals, there may be many shadow areas due to obstructions due to strong linearity. By installing LIS near these shadow areas, LIS technology that expands the communication area, strengthens communication stability, and provides additional additional services becomes important. An LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be seen as an extension of Massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operating mechanism from Massive MIMO. In addition, the LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e. it only passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having low power consumption. In addition, since each passive reflector of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of an incident signal, it may be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift through the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses wireless communication using THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and a terahertz (THz) band radio using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. can mean communication. THz waves are located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) transmit non-metal/non-polarizable materials better than visible light/infrared rays, and have a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter waves and have high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. A frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to molecular absorption in the air. Standardization discussions on THz wireless communication are being discussed centering on the IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by the IEEE 802.15 TG (task group) (e.g., TG3d, TG3e) are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario can be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) connections and backhaul/fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. It can be. Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in THz waves.

[Table 5]

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, THz wireless communication can be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified as an optical device or an electronic device based technology.

At this time, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a method using a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using an integrated circuit based on Si-CMOS, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18, a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and the radiation is emitted by the antenna after passing through the subharmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms high frequencies, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that makes the output frequency N times greater than the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. In addition, beamforming may be implemented by applying an array antenna or the like to the antenna of FIG. 18 . In FIG. 18, IF denotes an intermediate frequency, a tripler and a multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. An optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates an ultra-high speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high speed photodetector. Compared to a technique using only an electronic device, this technique can easily increase the frequency, generate a high-power signal, and obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19, a laser diode, a broadband light modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate a THz signal based on an optical device. In the case of FIG. 19 , a THz signal corresponding to a wavelength difference between the lasers is generated by multiplexing light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths. In FIG. 19, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits an electrical signal using light waves in order to provide electrical isolation and coupling between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector is one of the photodetectors, and is a device that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons through bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150 GHz. In FIG. 20, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) represents an optical fiber amplifier to which erbium is added, a photo detector (PD) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and an OSA represents various optical communication functions (e.g. , photoelectric conversion, electrical optical conversion, etc.) represents an optical module (optical sub assembly) that is modularized into one component, and DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure. 22 is a diagram showing a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact or the like. Thus, the optical modulator output is formed into a modulated waveform. A photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal, an O/E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, and a bundle of electrons in light flux. THz pulses can be generated according to emission from relativistic electrons, etc. A THz pulse generated in the above manner may have a unit length of femto second to pico second. An O/E converter uses non-linearity of a device to perform down conversion.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, it is necessary to use several contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service for terahertz systems. more likely to use According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a THz pulse for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how to utilize the nonlinearity of the O/E converter. That is, in order to down-convert to the desired terahertz band (THz band), the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) having the most ideal non-linearity to move to the corresponding terahertz band (THz band) design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error will occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

In a single carrier system, a terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter. Depending on the channel environment, in a multi-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to a plan related to the above-mentioned spectrum use, the phenomenon will be conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource domain may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

In the following, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the foregoing.

When DFT-s-OFDM is used as downlink FDMA, a problem of increasing PAPR may occur. Therefore, a transmission/reception structure and signaling method may be required to overcome the problem of increasing PAPR in the terminal and base station, and this will be described.

Specifically, since the existing communication standards (e.g. LTE, NR) satisfied the performance of various aspects in a balanced way, CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) was selected as a waveform for downlink, used However, in uplink, DFT-s-OFDM is adopted in consideration of battery efficiency of the terminal.

At this time, OFDM is a method of generating a symbol by copying a part of the end of an OFDM symbol and attaching it to the beginning of an OFDM symbol (Cyclic Prefix), and frequency selectivity can be excellent. However, since the power of the UE may be limited, DFP-s-OFDM could be applied to uplink. In this case, DFP-s-OFDM may refer to a scheme in which signals for each subcarrier are spread and transmitted to resources allocated by DF T. That is, although it is OFDM, it may be transmitted after frequency spreading by a DFT procedure. Based on the foregoing, when the UE performs uplink transmission, PAPR may be reduced.

However, LTE and NR may be communication systems using relatively low frequencies. At this time, when a waveform (e.g. THz wave) for a new band is used, it is necessary to set the used waveform in consideration of channel characteristics of the new band. For example, 6G is highly likely to use wide frequency resources for high-speed transmission beyond 5G, and the Terahertz band is considered to be a promising band. In this case, since the terahertz band has a high possibility of using a beam having a strong directionality, it can be seen that frequency selectivity is reduced. In addition, the efficiency of the power amplifier gradually decreases as it goes to a higher band, and phase noise may intensify.

Considering the above points, there is a possibility that DFT-s-OFDM can achieve better performance than OFDM in a high frequency band. Therefore, when a base station performs downlink transmission, a method of using a waveform of a downlink signal as DFT-s-OFDM may be required, which will be described below.

23 is a diagram illustrating PAPR of DFT-s-OFDM to which the present disclosure can be applied. 24 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data to a plurality of users based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme to which the present disclosure can be applied.

For example, a base station can efficiently utilize resources by using FDMA in downlink. That is, the base station can provide services by dividing frequencies to various users in the same symbol. However, as described above, in DFT-s-OFDM, PAPR is lowered by performing frequency spreading through DFT, and when FDM is performed for each user, a problem in that PAPR increases again may occur. For example, referring to FIG. 23 , in DFT-s-OFDM, when there are two users rather than one, the PAPR may increase by about 2dB at 10^-4. That is, as the number of users increases, the advantages of DFT-s-OFDM may gradually decrease because the PAPR of CP-OFDM becomes similar.

내지

, 또는 단말)에게 데이터를 전송할 수 있다. 이때, 일 예로, 각각의 유저는 각각의 단말에 대응되는 개념일 수 있으며, 하기에서는 설명의 편의를 위해 단말을 중심으로 서술한다. Specifically, referring to FIG. 24, the base station has k users (

pay

, or terminal) may transmit data. At this time, as an example, each user may be a concept corresponding to each terminal, and in the following, for convenience of explanation, the description is centered on the terminal.

The terminal may receive data from the base station in a situation where a plurality of terminals located around the terminal receive data from the base station through different frequencies in the same symbol. At this time, DFT is applied for each data of each terminal, and each frequency band may be allocated. After that, the base station may transmit a signal in the time domain by applying inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). At this time, as described above, since the FDM scheme can be applied to each terminal, PAPR can increase like the CP-ODFM scheme.

Considering the above points, when DFT-s-OFDM is applied to downlink, a method of lowering PAPR may be required. As an example, PARP may be lowered based on at least one of pre-distortion, selected mapping, and partial transmit sequence methods for transforming DFT-s-OFDM data. . However, when the above methods are applied, the complexity of the transmitter may increase. That is, complexity for signal transmission in the base station may increase. Also, the receiving end may need to know which method should be applied to the transformed data. That is, the terminal needs to check whether a method is applied to the modified data. Therefore, overhead may increase because the transmitting end must transmit information on how the data has been transformed to the receiving end. Considering the above points, the transmitter may need a method of efficiently signaling the rotated information to the receiver.

In addition, in the following, a transmitter may be any one of a base station and a terminal. Also, the receiving end may be any one of a base station and a terminal. However, for convenience of description, the following description will be given in consideration of the case where the transmitting end is a base station and the receiving end is a terminal. However, it may not be limited thereto.

25 is a diagram illustrating a partial transmit sequence scheme to which the present disclosure can be applied.

)을 독립적으로 처리하는 방식을 의미할 수 있다. 즉, 각각의 조각들(

)에서 DFT, 매핑(mapping) 및 IDFT 연산이 수행될 수 있다. 이때, 송신단은 생성된 다수의 시간영역의 신호들을 특정한 위상 값으로 회전을 시켜줘서 더해줄 수 있다. 이때, 송신단은 상술한 과정을 반복하면서 PAPR을 최저로 만드는 위상 값들을 찾아낼 수 있다. 즉, 송신단은 다수의 위상 회전 값을 적용하여 최적의 위상 회전 값을 찾을 수 있다. 이때, 상술한 방식은 PAPR을 낮출 수 있다. 다만, 송신단은 다수의 위상 회전 값을 적용해야 되는바, 복잡도가 커질 수 있다. 또한, 수신단은 데이터를 수신하기 위해 송신단이 적용한 위상 회전 값을 전달받을 필요성이 있다. 따라서, 수신단에서도 위상 회전 값에 대한 정보를 확인해야 하는 오버헤드가 발생하게 되는 단점이 존재할 수 있다. 상술한 점을 고려하여, 송신단 및 수신단에서 적용 가능한 방법에 대해 서술한다. For example, referring to FIG. 25 , a transmitter may use a partial transmit sequence (PTS) method to attenuate a PAPR in downlink transmission through DFT-s-OFDM. At this time, the PTS method divides the data to be transmitted into a plurality of disjoint sets, and then divides each piece (

) may mean a method of independently processing. That is, each piece (

), DFT, mapping, and IDFT operations may be performed. In this case, the transmitting end may add the generated signals in the time domain by rotating them to a specific phase value. At this time, the transmitter may find phase values that make the PAPR the lowest while repeating the above-described process. That is, the transmitter may find an optimal phase rotation value by applying a plurality of phase rotation values. At this time, the above-described method can lower the PAPR. However, since the transmitter needs to apply a plurality of phase rotation values, complexity may increase. In addition, the receiving end needs to receive the phase rotation value applied by the transmitting end in order to receive data. Therefore, there may be a disadvantage in that an overhead of having to check information on a phase rotation value is generated even at the receiving end. Considering the above points, a method applicable to the transmitting end and the receiving end will be described.

26 is a diagram illustrating a method of extending a PTS scheme applicable to the present disclosure to a plurality of users.

Referring to FIG. 26, the transmitting end may extend and apply the PTS scheme to a plurality of terminals. That is, the transmitter may apply DFT, resource mapping, and IDFT to each data for each terminal. At this time, the transmitting end performs a process of rotating and adding a plurality of time domain signals generated for each terminal to a specific phase value, and repeating the above process to obtain information on an optimal phase value for lowering the PAPR. . However, since terminals receiving data need to receive rotated information (applied phase value information) for data reception, there is a need to receive information in a specific method. Thus, overhead for signaling may still be present.

27 is a diagram showing a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

일 수 있다. 이때, 상술한 바와 같이, 송신단은 복수의 단말에게 데이터를 전송할 수 있으며, 각각의 단말별로 모듈레이션 심볼(

)들이 생성될 수 있다. 이때, 송신단은 각각의

들에 대해 회전시킬 심볼과 회전시키지 않을 심볼로 나누어서 신호를 생성할 수 있다. 이때, 단말은 상술한 바를 통해 회전시킨 위상을 간접적으로 전달받을 수 있다. As an example, referring to FIG. 27, a modulation symbol to be transmitted in one symbol is

can be At this time, as described above, the transmitter may transmit data to a plurality of terminals, and each terminal has a modulation symbol (

) can be created. At this time, the transmitting end each

A signal can be generated by dividing a symbol to be rotated and a symbol not to be rotated for . At this time, the terminal may indirectly receive the rotated phase through the above bar.

More specifically, the transmitter may generate a signal for one terminal by multiplying a symbol to be rotated by an optimal phase factor and adding a phase-rotated part and a non-rotated part. That is, a modulation symbol for one terminal may be divided into a symbol part to which phase rotation is applied and a symbol to which phase rotation is not applied. In this case, DFT resource mapping and IDFT may be applied to each symbol. In this case, the symbol part to which the phase rotation is applied may be further multiplied by the phase value. The parts derived through the above may be summed together to generate a signal for one terminal.

는 k번째 단말에 대한 데이터이고,

는 k번째 단말(또는 유저)에 대해 회전시켜야 할 시간영역 신호이고,

는 k번째 단말에 대한 회전시키지 않을 시간영역 신호이고,

는 k번째 유저의 회전시킬 위상 비중(weight)이고,

일 수 있다.in Figure 27

Is data for the k-th terminal,

is a time domain signal to be rotated for the k-th terminal (or user),

Is a time domain signal not to be rotated for the k-th terminal,

is the phase weight to be rotated of the kth user,

can be

개이고, 단말의 수가 K인 경우, 송신단은

의 연산을 수행한 후, PAPR이 가장 낮은 신호를 송신할 수 있다. 이때, 일 예로, 회전시키지 않은 부분은 송신하는 참조신호의 일부(e.g. PTRS)가 될 수 있다. 일 예로, DFT, IDFT 연산은 부담이 될 수 있기 때문에 회전시키지 않을 부분은 사전에 알 수 있는 시간영역 신호와 참조신호의 곱으로 구현될 수 있으며, 상술한 실시예로 한정되지 않는다.That is, the transmitter may further generate K signals for each terminal in the same manner. After that, the transmitter can check the PAPR by adding the signals of K. For example, as described above, the number of phase candidates to be rotated as a phase element is

, and if the number of terminals is K, the transmitting end

After performing the operation of , the signal with the lowest PAPR can be transmitted. In this case, as an example, the non-rotated portion may be a portion (eg PTRS) of a reference signal to be transmitted. For example, since DFT and IDFT operations may be burdensome, the portion not to be rotated may be implemented as a product of a previously known time domain signal and a reference signal, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

28 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a low PAPR signal applicable to the present disclosure.

는 K번째 단말의 DFT 사이즈일 수 있으며, 각각의 단말별로 DFT가 적용될 수 있다. For example, referring to FIG. 28 , the transmitter may generate a signal having a low PAPR based on the above description. The transmitting end may transmit signals to a plurality of terminals (K) through the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. At this time,

may be the DFT size of the K-th terminal, and DFT may be applied for each terminal.

As an example, referring to FIG. 28, the transmitter may include a reference signal for tracking a phase between data. In this case, the reference signal may be a PTRS. As another example, the reference signal may be implemented as a product of a previously known time domain signal and a PTRS. Also, the reference signal may be another type of reference signal, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In this case, a reference signal for tracking the phase may be inserted before DFT. That is, a reference signal for phase tracking may be included before each DFT is applied for each data of each terminal. In this case, as an example, two reference signals for phase tracking may be included for each terminal. That is, there are two reference signal groups, and each group is composed of two reference signal symbols. However, this is just one example, and it may be possible that the number of reference signals is set differently.

For example, data for each terminal may be phase rotated so that a low PAPR signal can be generated. That is, all of the data may be symbols to which phase rotation is applied. On the other hand, one symbol among the reference signals may be a symbol to which rotation is not applied. On the other hand, another symbol among the reference signals may be a symbol to which rotation is applied. That is, rotation may not be applied to some of the reference signals, and rotation may be applied to some of them. After that, the transmitter may sum up the phase rotation-applied data, the phase-rotation-applied reference signal, and the phase-rotation-free reference signal, and transmit the sum to each terminal. At this time, each terminal can estimate the phase rotated by the transmitter through the phase difference of the reference signals in each group in the received signal. That is, the terminal can obtain information about the phase value by estimating the phase difference between the reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied and the reference signal to which phase rotation is applied. At this time, since phase rotation can be applied to the data based on the same phase value, the terminal can estimate the phase rotation applied to the data. In this case, for example, estimation performance may be improved as the distance between the reference signal to which phase rotation is applied and the symbol to which satellite rotation is not applied is closer. In this case, as the distances of the above-described reference signals are closer, estimation performance may be improved because transmission environments may be similar and thus effects on phase noise may be similar.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 28, reference signals for one terminal may be composed of two groups. However, this is just one example, and the number of reference signal groups may be set differently. In this case, as an example, the first group may include the first reference signal 2810-1 and the second reference signal 2810-2. Also, the third reference signal 2820-1 and the fourth reference signal 2820-2 may be included in the second group. In this case, for example, phase rotation may not be applied to the first reference signal 2810-1 and the third reference signal 2820-1. On the other hand, phase rotation may be applied to the second reference signal 2810-2 and the fourth reference signal 2820-2. In addition, phase rotation may be applied to data for one user based on the same phase value as the phase rotation applied to the second reference signal 2810-2 and the fourth reference signal 2820-2. That is, all data may be phase rotated. Thereafter, the portion to which phase rotation is applied and the portion to which phase rotation is not applied may be summed and transmitted to each terminal. At this time, the terminal can check the reference signals 2810-1 and 2820-1 to which phase rotation is applied and the reference signals 2810-2 and 2820-2 to which phase rotation is not applied from the received signals. At this time, the terminal can estimate the value of the phase difference between the two reference signals, and through this, the phase rotation value applied to the data can be known. After that, the terminal may compensate for the phase rotation value applied to the data. Through the above, the terminal can check the phase rotation value applied to the data without receiving separate signaling from the base station. Through this, the terminal can receive a signal from the base station in the DFT-s-OFDM scheme and can maintain a low PAPR.

Through the above, it is possible to reduce the PAPR of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station. Through this, average power can be lowered and back off can be reduced. In addition, the average power of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station can be described above, and the power efficiency of the base station can be increased.

In addition, through the foregoing, the base station can process the existing reference signal and deliver phase information to the terminal, thereby increasing spectral efficiency.

29 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR to which the present disclosure can be applied.

As described above, the transmitting end may transmit data to the receiving end based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. In this case, as an example, the transmitting end may be a base station and the receiving end may be a terminal, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the base station may consider a signaling procedure for generating a DFT-s-OFDM signal having a low PAPR. At this time, referring to FIG. 29, the base station may receive terminal capability information from the terminal (S2910). As an example, the terminal capability information may estimate the phase rotated by the base station using information of reference symbols adjacent to the terminal, and compensate. It may be information about whether or not you have the ability to That is, the terminal can estimate the phase rotated by the base station using information of adjacent reference symbols through the terminal capability information, and report information on whether or not it has the ability to compensate to the base station. At this time, as an example, the legacy UE may not consider phase compensation and may not have the corresponding capability. On the other hand, a terminal designed to consider phase compensation may have the above-described phase compensation capability, and may include information about this in terminal capability information and transmit the same to the base station.

Next, the base station may transmit downlink control information (DCI) for a DL grant to the terminal. (S2920) At this time, the base station may transmit whether or not information on the rotated phase between reference signals is included through DCI. That is, the base station may dynamically transmit the DL grant to the terminal through DCI, and may transmit information on whether phase rotation between reference signals is applied to the terminal together with the DL grant. After that, the base station may transmit data to the terminal. (S2930) At this time, as an example, the base station may simultaneously FDM a terminal with phase compensation capability and a terminal without phase compensation capability to transmit data. At this time, the base station fixes the phase to 0 for terminals without phase compensation capability, and configures and transmits a signal by rotating it to a non-zero candidate phase value for terminals with phase compensation capability.

Meanwhile, as an example, as described above, the base station may report and receive terminal capability information from the terminal. In this case, as an example, the base station may perform data transmission based on the above-described DFT-s-OFDM scheme only for terminals having the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information. That is, the base station may determine the group of terminals having the phase compensation capability as the above-described plurality of terminals and transmit data based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme.

On the other hand, the base station may perform data transmission based on the CP-OFDM method for terminals that do not have the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. That is, the base station may perform data transmission by separating a terminal with phase compensation capability from a terminal without phase compensation capability.

30 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR to which the present disclosure may be applied.

As described above, the transmitting end may transmit data to the receiving end based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. In this case, as an example, the transmitting end may be a base station and the receiving end may be a terminal, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the base station may consider a signaling procedure for generating a DFT-s-OFDM signal having a low PAPR. At this time, referring to FIG. 30, the base station may receive terminal capability information from the terminal (S3010). As an example, the terminal capability information may be used to estimate and compensate for phases rotated by the base station using adjacent reference symbols. It may be information about the ability to That is, the terminal can report to the base station whether or not it has the ability to estimate and compensate for the phase rotated by the base station using information of adjacent reference symbols through the terminal capability information. At this time, as an example, the legacy UE may not consider phase compensation, and thus may not have the corresponding capability. On the other hand, a terminal designed to consider phase compensation may have the above-described phase compensation capability, and may transmit information about this to the base station by including it in terminal capability information.

For example, the terminal may independently report the terminal capability information through a predefined signal. As another example, when the terminal performs channel state information (CSI) reporting, it may report terminal capability information together. As another example, the UE may also report UE capability information when reporting beam information to the base station, and the reporting method is not limited to the above-described method.

Next, the base station may transmit RRC configuration to the terminal. (S3020) At this time, the base station may transmit whether information on the rotated phase between the reference signals is included or not through the RRC configuration. That is, the base station may semi-statically transmit information on whether phase rotation between reference signals is applied to the terminal. After that, the base station can transmit data to the terminal. (S3030) At this time, as an example, the base station may simultaneously FDM a terminal with phase compensation capability and a terminal without phase compensation capability to transmit data. At this time, the base station may fix the phase to 0 for terminals without phase compensation capability, and configure and transmit signals by rotating them to candidate phase values other than 0 for terminals with phase compensation capability.

Meanwhile, as an example, as described above, the base station may report and receive terminal capability information from the terminal. In this case, as an example, the base station may perform data transmission based on the above-described DFT-s-OFDM scheme only for terminals having the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information. That is, the base station may determine the group of terminals having the phase compensation capability as the above-described plurality of terminals and transmit data based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme.

On the other hand, the base station may perform data transmission based on the CP-OFDM method for terminals that do not have the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. That is, the base station may perform data transmission by separating a terminal with phase compensation capability from a terminal without phase compensation capability.

31 is a diagram showing a structure of a receiving end applicable to the present disclosure.

In this case, the receiving end may be a terminal as described above, and the following description will focus on the terminal. However, it is not limited thereto.

As an example, referring to FIG. 31, a terminal may receive a signal having a low PAPR. At this time, as an example, the terminal may receive a signal having a low PAPR generated by summing the phase-rotated part and the non-phase-rotated part of the base station as described above. The terminal may generate a time domain signal by applying the DFT to the received signal, going through a frequency domain equalization (FDE) process of compensating a channel in the frequency domain, and then using the IDFT. After that, the terminal can obtain an estimate of the rotated phase through the phase difference between the rotated reference signal symbol and the non-rotated reference signal symbol in the reference signal group. In this case, for example, when the terminal does not have the phase rotation capability, the terminal cannot obtain an estimate of the rotated phase through a phase difference between a rotated reference signal symbol and a non-rotated reference signal symbol. That is, the UE may not include a block 3110 for rotation angle estimation and a block 3120 for rotation angle compensation.

On the other hand, when the terminal has the phase rotation capability, the terminal can obtain an estimate of the rotated phase through a phase difference between a rotated reference signal symbol and a non-rotated reference signal symbol. That is, the UE may include a block 3110 for rotation angle estimation and a block 3120 for rotation angle compensation. However, the above-described block is only one example, and the presence or absence of phase compensation capability may be set differently according to terminal implementation, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, if the terminal has the phase rotation capability, the terminal can obtain information about the estimated value of the rotated phase through the phase difference between the rotated reference signal symbol and the non-rotated reference signal symbol among the reference signal group. Then, after selecting the most similar value among the phase estimation value and the phase candidate group, the terminal may restore the symbols received in a rotated state from the base station. In addition, the terminal may perform estimation and compensation for phase noise using the reference signal, and perform data restoration.

Meanwhile, as an example, the information on the candidate phase value may be information preset in the terminal and the base station. That is, the base station may select a phase value having the lowest PAPR among preset candidate phase values. In addition, the terminal may perform data restoration after selecting the most similar phase value through phase estimation among preset candidate phase values.

값이 증가할 수 있다. 따라서, 고려할 수 있는 후보 위상이 증가하였는바, PAPR을 낮출 가능성이 더 높아질 수 있다. 반면, 후보 위상 값의 수가 줄어들면 기지국은 연산해야 하는 위상 값이 줄어들 수 있다. 즉, 상술한

값이 감소할 수 있다. 다만, 고려할 수 있는 후보 위상이 상대적으로 적을 수 있는바, PAPR을 낮출 가능성이 상대적으로 낮아질 수 있다. 일 예로 , 기지국 또는 상술한 연산을 수행할 수 있는 엔티티(e.g. CU(Central Unit), DU(Distributed Unit))는 연산 능력을 고려하여 후보 위상 값을 결정할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.As another example, information on the candidate phase value may be signaled from the base station. For example, if the number of candidate phase values increases, the base station may increase the number of phase values to be calculated. That is, the above

value may increase. Therefore, since the candidate phases that can be considered increase, the possibility of lowering the PAPR may increase. On the other hand, if the number of candidate phase values decreases, the number of phase values to be calculated by the base station may decrease. That is, the above

value may decrease. However, since the candidate phases that can be considered may be relatively small, the possibility of lowering the PAPR may be relatively low. For example, a base station or an entity capable of performing the above-described calculation (eg, a central unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU)) may determine a candidate phase value in consideration of calculation capability, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, for example, if the channel condition is good and the phase noise is not large, the base station may signal a phase candidate list containing many phase candidate values to the terminal, and generate and transmit a signal having a low PAPR based on the above description. there is. On the other hand, if the channel condition is poor and the phase noise is large, the base station may signal a phase candidate list including a small number of phase candidate values to the terminal, and generate and transmit a signal having a low PAPR based on the above. Through this, even if phase noise occurs, the terminal can estimate a phase value and perform data restoration.

은 위상 잡음(phase noise)로 인한 위상 변화,

는 낮은 PAPR 신호를 위해 기지국이 회전한 위상,

는 DFT-s-OFDM에 사용된 RS symbol의 수,

는

의 추정값 및 C는 위상회전 후보(rotation angle candidate)의 수일 수 있다.Meanwhile, as an example, the terminal may perform an operation for performing estimation through Equations 1 to 4 based on the signal received from the base station, which is as follows. In this case, Equation 1 may be a received reference signal, and Equation 2 may be a de-sequenced reference signal. Also, Equation 3 may be an estimated angle of rotation, and Equation 4 may be a decision angle of rotation. In Equations 1 to 4, y (m) is the received reference signal, n (m) is the noise signal,

is the phase change due to phase noise,

is the phase rotated by the base station for a low PAPR signal,

is the number of RS symbols used in DFT-s-OFDM,

Is

Estimated values of and C may be the number of rotation angle candidates.

[Equation 1]

[Equation 2]

[Equation 3]

[Equation 4]

Through the above, the terminal can receive a downlink signal with a low PAPR from the base station. Through this, the base station can lower the average power, and the back off can be reduced. In addition, the average power of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station can be described above, and the power efficiency of the base station can be increased.

In addition, as an example, the terminal can process the existing reference signal to check the phase information, so that spectral efficiency can be increased.

32 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for receiving data based on a low PAPR to which the present disclosure can be applied.

As described above, the receiving end may receive data from the transmitting end based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. At this time, as an example, the receiving end may be a terminal and the transmitting end may be a base station, but is not limited thereto.

For example, a UE may consider a signaling procedure for receiving a DFT-s-OFDM signal having a low PAPR. At this time, referring to FIG. 32, the terminal may transmit terminal capability information to the base station (S3210). As an example, the terminal capability information may estimate and compensate for the phase rotated by the base station using information on reference symbols adjacent to the terminal. It can be information about your abilities. That is, the terminal can report to the base station whether or not it has the ability to estimate and compensate for the phase rotated by the base station using information of adjacent reference symbols through the terminal capability information. At this time, as an example, the legacy UE may not consider phase compensation and may not have the corresponding capability. On the other hand, a terminal designed to consider phase compensation may have the above-described phase compensation capability, and may transmit information about this to the base station by including it in terminal capability information. In addition, as an example, as shown in FIG. 31 described above, when a terminal has a phase rotation estimation and a phase rotation block, it can be regarded as having terminal capability for phase rotation, but is not limited thereto.

Next, the terminal may receive DCI for a downlink grant (DL grant) from the base station. (S3220) At this time, the terminal may receive whether or not information on the rotated phase between the reference signals is included through the DCI. That is, the terminal can dynamically receive the DL grant from the base station through DCI, and can receive information on whether phase rotation between reference signals is applied together with the DL grant from the base station. After that, the terminal can receive data from the base station. (S3230) At this time, as an example, the base station can simultaneously FDM a terminal with phase compensation capability and a terminal without phase compensation capability to transmit data. At this time, the base station may fix the phase to 0 for terminals without phase compensation capability, and configure and transmit signals by rotating them to candidate phase values other than 0 for terminals with phase compensation capability. That is, in the above situation, a terminal having a phase compensation capability may estimate a phase difference between reference signals and compensate for phase rotation applied to data based on the phase value. On the other hand, in the above situation, a terminal not equipped with the phase compensation capability may determine that the phase of the reference signal is the same and perform data restoration based on the reference signal without separate phase compensation.

Meanwhile, as an example, as described above, the terminal may report terminal capability information to the base station. In this case, as an example, the base station may perform data transmission based on the above-described DFT-s-OFDM scheme only for terminals having the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information. That is, the base station may determine the group of terminals having the phase compensation capability as the above-described plurality of terminals and transmit data based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. On the other hand, the base station may perform data transmission based on the CP-OFDM method for terminals that do not have the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. That is, the base station can perform data transmission by separating a terminal with phase compensation capability from a terminal without phase compensation capability.

33 is a flowchart illustrating a signaling method for transmitting data based on a low PAPR to which the present disclosure can be applied.

As described above, the receiving end may receive data based on the DFT-s-OFDM method as the transmitting end. At this time, as an example, the receiving end may be a terminal and the transmitting end may be a base station, but is not limited thereto.

As an example, the UE may consider a signaling procedure for generating a DFT-s-OFDM signal having a low PAPR. At this time, referring to FIG. 33, the terminal may transmit terminal capability information to the base station. (S3310) For example, the terminal capability information may be information on the terminal's ability to estimate and compensate for the phase rotated by the base station using information about adjacent reference symbols. That is, the terminal can report to the base station whether or not it has the ability to estimate and compensate for the phase rotated by the base station using information of adjacent reference symbols through the terminal capability information. At this time, as an example, the legacy UE may not consider phase compensation, and thus may not have the corresponding capability. On the other hand, a terminal designed to consider phase compensation may have the above-described phase compensation capability, and may transmit information about this to the base station by including it in terminal capability information.

For example, the terminal may independently report the terminal capability information through a predefined signal. As another example, when the terminal performs channel state information (CSI) reporting, it may report terminal capability information together. As another example, the UE may also report UE capability information when reporting beam information to the base station, and the reporting method is not limited to the above-described method.

Next, the terminal may receive RRC configuration from the base station. (S3320) At this time, the terminal may receive whether information on the rotated phase between reference signals is included or not through RRC configuration. That is, the terminal can semi-statically receive information on whether to apply phase rotation between reference signals from the base station. After that, the terminal can receive data from the base station. (S3330) At this time, as an example, the base station may simultaneously FDM a terminal with phase compensation capability and a terminal without phase compensation capability to transmit data. At this time, the base station may fix the phase to 0 for terminals without phase compensation capability, and configure and transmit signals by rotating them to candidate phase values other than 0 for terminals with phase compensation capability. That is, in the above situation, a terminal having a phase compensation capability may estimate a phase difference between reference signals and compensate for phase rotation applied to data based on the phase value. On the other hand, in the above situation, a terminal not equipped with the phase compensation capability may determine that the phases of the reference signals are the same and perform data restoration based on the reference signals without separate phase compensation.

Meanwhile, as an example, as described above, the base station may report and receive terminal capability information from the terminal. In this case, as an example, the base station may perform data transmission based on the above-described DFT-s-OFDM scheme only for terminals having the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information. That is, the base station may view the group of terminals having the phase compensation capability as the above-described plurality of terminals and transmit data based on the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. On the other hand, the base station may perform data transmission based on the CP-OFDM method for terminals that do not have the capability for phase compensation based on the terminal capability information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. That is, the base station may perform data transmission by separating a terminal with phase compensation capability from a terminal without phase compensation capability.

34 is a diagram illustrating a method in which a terminal to which the present disclosure can be applied receives data from a base station.

Referring to FIG. 34, a UE may report UE Capability information to a base station. (S3410) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 33, the UE capability information may be information on whether or not the UE can estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal. In this case, when the terminal has the capability of estimating and compensating for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal, the terminal may report terminal capability information as a first value to the base station. That is, the terminal may report to the base station that it has the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal. In this case, as an example, if the terminal includes a block for rotational phase estimation and compensation as described above, the terminal may be a terminal having the above-described capabilities and may report information about this to the base station.

On the other hand, when the terminal does not have the above-described capability, the terminal may report the terminal capability information as a second value to the base station. That is, the terminal may report to the base station that it does not have the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal.

Next, the terminal may receive information about whether or not the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is included from the base station (S3410). At this time, referring to FIGS. 1 to 33, the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is included. Information on whether or not it is may be received based on at least one of DCI and RRC settings, as described above.

Next, the terminal may receive data based on the reference signal. (S3510) At this time, as an example, the terminal has the capability of performing estimation and compensation for the rotated phase, and the base station is a reference to which phase rotation is applied. When a signal having a low PAPR including a signal is transmitted, the terminal may receive data through the first reference signal and the second reference signal having different phases. At this time, the phase rotation value of the first reference signal may be zero. That is, phase rotation may not be applied. On the other hand, the phase rotation value of the second reference signal may be set to one of the phase rotation candidate groups. In this case, the phase rotation value of the second reference signal may be a non-zero value.

At this time, the terminal may perform estimation of the rotated phase from the first reference signal and the second reference signal, and perform phase compensation on the data based on the estimated phase to restore the data, as described above. .

35 is a diagram illustrating a method in which a terminal to which the present disclosure can be applied receives data from a base station.

Referring to FIG. 35, a UE may report UE Capability information to a base station. (S3510) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 33, the UE capability information may be information on whether or not the UE can estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal. At this time, if the terminal has the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal (S3520), the terminal converts the reference signal and data to which phase rotation is applied to the reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied. It can be received from the base station. (S3530) That is, phase rotation can be applied to all of the data and some of the reference signals received by the terminal. In addition, phase rotation may not be applied to some of the reference signals received by the terminal.

At this time, the terminal can estimate the rotated phase through the reference signal to which phase rotation is applied and the reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied. (S3540) Next, the terminal may perform phase rotation of the received data based on the estimated phase and perform phase compensation. (S3550) Through this, the terminal performs downlink received from the base station in the DFT-s-OFDM scheme. Data can be restored. (S3560)

On the other hand, if the terminal does not have the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal (S3520), the terminal has a reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied and a reference signal to which phase rotation is not applied. may be received. (S3570) After that, the terminal may restore data based on the received signal. (S3560)

36 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data from a base station to a terminal to which the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 36, a base station may receive UE Capability information from a terminal. (S3610) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 33, the terminal capability information may be information on whether the terminal can estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal. In this case, when the terminal has the capability of estimating and compensating for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal, the base station may receive terminal capability information set to a first value. That is, the terminal may report to the base station that it has the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal. In this case, as an example, if the terminal includes a block for rotational phase estimation and compensation as described above, the terminal may be a terminal having the above-described capabilities and may report information about this to the base station.

On the other hand, when the terminal does not have the aforementioned capability, the base station may receive terminal capability information set to the second value from the terminal. That is, the terminal may report to the base station that it does not have the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through at least one reference signal.

Next, the base station may transmit information on whether or not the reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included to the terminal. (S3610) At this time, referring to FIGS. Information on whether or not may be transmitted based on at least one of DCI and RRC settings, as described above.

Next, the base station may transmit data based on the reference signal. (S3610) At this time, as an example, the terminal has the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase, and the base station has the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied. When a signal having a low PAPR is transmitted including , the base station may transmit data through a first reference signal and a second reference signal having different phases. At this time, the phase rotation value of the first reference signal may be zero. That is, phase rotation may not be applied. On the other hand, the phase rotation value of the second reference signal may be set to one of the phase rotation candidate groups. In this case, the phase rotation value of the second reference signal may be a non-zero value.

At this time, the terminal may perform estimation of the rotated phase from the first reference signal and the second reference signal, and perform phase compensation on the data based on the estimated phase to restore the data, as described above. .

It is obvious that examples of the proposed schemes described above may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, and thus may be regarded as a kind of proposed schemes. In addition, the above-described proposed schemes may be implemented independently, but may also be implemented in a combination (or merged) form of some proposed schemes. Information on whether the proposed methods are applied (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). there is.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent range of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various wireless access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various wireless access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THzWave communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (14)

In a method of operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system,
Reporting UE Capability information to a base station;
Receiving information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included from the base station;
Receiving data based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) through the received information; Including,
wherein the data is received based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal. According to claim 1,
The first reference signal is a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied based on the first phase value,
The second reference signal is a crude signal whose phase value is fixed to 0. According to claim 2,
The first phase value is set to any one of the phase values included in the phase candidate group. According to claim 2,
The method of operating a terminal, wherein phase rotation is applied to the data based on the first phase value. According to claim 4,
Further comprising estimating a phase difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal,
Data received by applying the phase rotation is compensated based on the estimated phase difference. According to claim 1,
The terminal capability information is information on whether the terminal can perform estimation and compensation for a rotated phase through at least one reference signal. According to claim 6,
The terminal reporting the terminal capability information as a first value receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal having different phases from the base station. According to claim 7,
The terminal reporting the terminal capability information as a first value is a terminal having the ability to estimate and compensate for the rotated phase through the at least one reference signal. According to claim 8,
The terminal reporting the terminal capability information as the second value receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal having the same phase from the base station. According to claim 1,
Information on whether or not the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is received from the base station through Downlink Control Information (DCI). According to claim 1,
Information on whether or not the reference signal to which the phase rotation is applied is included from the base station is received through radio resource control (RRC) configuration (Configuration). In a terminal operating in a wireless communication system,
at least one transmitter;
at least one receiver;
at least one processor; and
at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation;
The specific action is:
Reporting UE Capability information to the base station,
Receiving information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included from the base station;
Receive data based on DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) through the received information,
wherein the data is received based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal. According to claim 12,
wherein the terminal communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle including the terminal. In a base station operating in a wireless communication system,
at least one transmitter;
at least one receiver;
at least one processor; and
at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation;
The specific action is:
Receiving UE Capability information from the UE;
Transmitting information on whether or not a reference signal to which phase rotation is applied is included to the terminal,
Through the transmitted information, data is transmitted based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-s (spreading)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing),
Wherein the data is transmitted based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

Images