KR20230011108A - Lithium-ion battery pack with heating and cooling system - Google Patents

Lithium-ion battery pack with heating and cooling system Download PDF

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KR20230011108A
KR20230011108A KR1020210091727A KR20210091727A KR20230011108A KR 20230011108 A KR20230011108 A KR 20230011108A KR 1020210091727 A KR1020210091727 A KR 1020210091727A KR 20210091727 A KR20210091727 A KR 20210091727A KR 20230011108 A KR20230011108 A KR 20230011108A
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lithium ion
ion cell
heating
battery management
temperature
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KR102639393B1 (en
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허웅구
허주혁
백종우
김동현
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(주)코미트
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a lithium ion battery pack with a heating and cooling system. The lithium ion battery pack with a heating and cooling system in the present invention comprises: at least one lithium ion cell (130); a lower casing (111) and an upper casing (113) placed at a bottom and top of the lithium ion cell (130), respectively; side covers (120) covering the both side surfaces of the lower casing (111) and the upper casing (113); a battery management substrate (140) provided above the lithium ion cell (130) and having a temperature sensor (141) on the surface; a heating substrate (150) placed between the lithium ion cell (130) and the battery management substrate (140), electrically connected with the battery management substrate (140) and having heating elements (151, 153) provided in the substrate surface; and an external terminal (170) connecting an external device with the battery management system (140), wherein it is preferable that the battery management substrate (140) supplies power of the lithium ion cell (130) to the heating substrate (150) so as to allow the heating elements (151, 153) to apply heat to the lithium ion cell (130) when the temperature of the lithium ion cell (130), sensed by the temperature sensor (141), is below a standard temperature. The present invention provides a lithium ion battery pack by which the lithium ion cell is heated at a low temperature such that battery efficiency can be stably maintained.

Description

히팅　및　쿨링　시스템을　갖는　리튬이온　배터리팩{Lithium-ion　battery　pack　with　heating　and　cooling　system}“Lithium-ion” battery “pack” with “heating” and “cooling” system}

본 발명은 리튬이온배터리팩에 관한 것으로, 외부 기온의 영향으로 리튬이온셀의 온도가 기준온도 이하로 하강한 경우 리튬이온셀로 열을 가하여 배터리효율을 안정적으로 유지할 수 있는 리튬이온배터리팩에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a lithium ion battery pack, which can stably maintain battery efficiency by applying heat to a lithium ion cell when the temperature of the lithium ion cell drops below a reference temperature due to the influence of external air temperature. will be.

리튬이온배터리는 전기화학적 산화·환원 반응을 통해 충전이 가능한 2차전지의 일종으로 환경규제물질을 미포함하고 기존 전지 대비 무게가 가벼움과 동시에 에너지 밀도가 높아 노트북, 스마트폰 등의 소형 전자기기에 사용된다. A lithium-ion battery is a type of secondary battery that can be charged through an electrochemical oxidation/reduction reaction. It does not contain environmentally regulated substances, is lighter in weight and has high energy density compared to conventional batteries, so it is used in small electronic devices such as laptops and smartphones. do.

또한, 초소형화를 통한 웨어러블 기기에 적용, 팩 및 모듈화를 통한 수요처별 제품 설계를 기반으로 다양한 응용 분야에 적용될 수 있는 4차 산업혁명의 대표적인 기술로, 양극재, 음극재, 분리막, 전해질 등 핵심 요소 원천기술의 고도화가이루어지고 있다.In addition, it is a representative technology of the 4th industrial revolution that can be applied to wearable devices through miniaturization and applied to various application fields based on product design for each customer through pack and modularization. The advancement of element source technology is being carried out.

다만, 리튬이온배터리는 동절기와 같이 저온일 때 리튬이온셀의 산화·환원 반응이 원활하지 않아 배터리 효율이 저하되는 단점이 있다. However, the lithium ion battery has a disadvantage in that the oxidation/reduction reaction of the lithium ion cell is not smooth when the temperature is low, such as in winter, and thus the battery efficiency is lowered.

문헌 1. 대한민국특허청, 등록특허 제10-0749353호, "리튬이온 배터리팩의 보호회로"Document 1. Korean Intellectual Property Office, Registration Patent No. 10-0749353, "Lithium-ion Battery Pack Protection Circuit" 문헌 2. 대한민국특허청, 등록특허 제10-1339071호, "2차 전지 배터리 팩 케이스"Document 2. Korean Intellectual Property Office, Registration Patent No. 10-1339071, "Secondary Battery Battery Pack Case"

본 발명의 목적은 상술한 문제를 해결하기 위한 것으로, 저온에서 리튬이온셀을 가열하여 배터리효율이 안정적으로 유지될 수 있는 리튬이온배터리팩을 제공하는 것이다. An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a lithium ion battery pack capable of stably maintaining battery efficiency by heating a lithium ion cell at a low temperature.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 리튬이온셀의 온도에 따라 가열면적을 선택적으로 제어하여 리튬이온셀의 가열에 소요되는 전력을 최소화할 수 있는 리튬이온배터리팩을 제공하는 것이다. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery pack capable of minimizing electric power required for heating a lithium ion cell by selectively controlling a heating area according to the temperature of the lithium ion cell.

본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 리튬이온셀의 온도에 따라 외부 공기가 유입되는 통기면적을 조절하여 리튬이온셀을 냉각할 수 있는 리튬이온배터리팩을 제공하는 것이다. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery pack capable of cooling a lithium ion cell by adjusting a ventilation area through which external air flows in according to the temperature of the lithium ion cell.

본 발명의 리튬이온배터리팩은, 적어도 하나의 리튬이온셀(130)과; 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 하부와 상부에 각각 배치되는 하부케이싱(111) 및 상부케이싱(113)과; 상기 하부케이싱(111)과 상기 상부케이싱(113)의 양측면을 커버하는 측면커버(120)와; 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 상부에 구비되며 표면에 온도센서(141)가 구비된 배터리관리기판(140)과; 상기 리튬이온셀(130)과 상기 배터리관리기판(140) 사이에 배치되며 상기 배터리관리기판(140)와 전기적으로 연결되며 판면에 발열체(151,153)가 구비된 발열기판(150)과; 상기 배터리관리기판(140)과 외부기기를 연결하는 외부단자(170)를 포함할 수 있다. The lithium ion battery pack of the present invention includes at least one lithium ion cell 130; a lower casing 111 and an upper casing 113 disposed on the lower and upper portions of the lithium ion cell 130, respectively; side covers 120 covering both sides of the lower casing 111 and the upper casing 113; a battery management board 140 provided on top of the lithium ion cell 130 and having a temperature sensor 141 on a surface thereof; a heating board 150 disposed between the lithium ion cell 130 and the battery management board 140, electrically connected to the battery management board 140, and provided with heating elements 151 and 153 on a plate surface; An external terminal 170 connecting the battery management board 140 and an external device may be included.

여기서, 상기 배터리관리기판(140)은 상기 온도센서(141)에서 감지된 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 기준온도 이하일 경우 상기 발열기판(150)으로 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 전원을 공급하여 상기 발열체(151,153)가 상기 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가하게 하는 것이 바람직하다. Here, the battery management board 140 uses the heating board 150 to supply power to the lithium ion cell 130 when the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 sensed by the temperature sensor 141 is equal to or less than the reference temperature. It is preferable to supply heat to the heating elements 151 and 153 to apply heat to the lithium ion cell 130 .

본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩은 리튬이온셀의 온도가 기설정된 기준온도 보다 낮아지면 리튬이온셀의 전원을 공급받아 발열하는 발열기판을 포함한다. 이에 따라 외부기온이 낮아지더라도 리튬이온셀의 충방전 효율이 일정하게 유지될 수 있다. The lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention includes a heating substrate that generates heat by receiving power from the lithium ion cell when the temperature of the lithium ion cell is lower than a predetermined reference temperature. Accordingly, even when the external temperature is lowered, the charging/discharging efficiency of the lithium ion cell may be maintained at a constant level.

특히, 발열기판의 발열체가 영역별로 복수개가 구비되어 리튬이온셀의 현재 온도에 따라 복수개의 발열체가 선택적으로 발열되게 하여 요구되는 전력을 최소화할 수 있다. In particular, a plurality of heating elements of the heating board are provided for each region so that the plurality of heating elements selectively generate heat according to the current temperature of the lithium ion cell, thereby minimizing required power.

또한, 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩은 측면커버에 통풍구가 형성되고, 통풍구를 개폐하는 도어가 배터리관리기판(BMS)에 의해 전동 조작된다. 이에 의해 리튬이온셀의 온도가 기준온도 보다 높아지면 통풍구가 개방되어 내부를 냉각하여 리튬이온셀의 충방전 효율을 일정하게 유지한다. In addition, the lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention has vents formed on the side cover, and a door for opening and closing the vents is electrically operated by a battery management board (BMS). As a result, when the temperature of the lithium ion cell becomes higher than the reference temperature, the vent is opened to cool the inside of the lithium ion cell, thereby maintaining a constant charge/discharge efficiency of the lithium ion cell.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩의 외부구성을 도시한 사시도,
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩의 구성을 분해하여 도시한 분해사시도,
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩의 통풍구 개폐동작을 도시한 예시도,
도 4는 본 발명에 리튬이온배터리팩의 도어개폐부와 도어의 결합구성을 도시한 단면예시도이고,
도 5는 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩의 리튬이온셀의 평면형상을 도시한 평면도,
도 6은 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩의 측단면구성을 도시한 단면도이다. 1 is a perspective view showing the external configuration of a lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention;
2 is an exploded perspective view showing the disassembled configuration of a lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention;
3 is an exemplary view showing an opening and closing operation of a vent of a lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention;
4 is a cross-sectional view showing a coupling configuration between a door opening and closing part of a lithium ion battery pack and a door according to the present invention;
5 is a plan view showing a planar shape of a lithium ion cell of a lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention;
6 is a cross-sectional view showing a side cross-sectional configuration of a lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention.

이하에서는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예 및 첨부하는 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하되, 도면의 동일한 참조부호는 동일한 구성요소를 지칭함을 전제하여 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings, but the same reference numerals in the drawings will be described on the premise that they refer to the same components.

발명의 상세한 설명 또는 특허청구범위에서 어느 하나의 구성요소가 다른 구성요소를 "포함"한다고 할 때, 이는 특별히 반대되는 기재가 없는 한 당해 구성요소만으로 이루어지는 것으로 한정되어 해석되지 아니하며, 다른 구성요소들을 더 포함할 수 있는 것으로 이해되어야 한다.When it is said that any one component "includes" another component in the detailed description of the invention or in the claims, it is not construed as being limited to the component alone unless otherwise stated, and other components are not included. It should be understood that more can be included.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩(100)의 구성을 도시한 사시도이고, 도 2는 리튬이온배터리팩(100)의 구성을 분해하여 도시한 분해사시도이다. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a lithium ion battery pack 100 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the lithium ion battery pack 100 disassembled.

도시된 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩(100)은 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)과, 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)을 내부에 수용하는 케이싱(110)과, 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)의 충방전을 관리하는 배터리관리기판(Battery Management System, 140)와, 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 낮아지면 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가하는 발열기판(150)과, 발열기판(150)과 배터리관리기판(140) 사이에 구비되는 단열판(160)와, 배터리관리기판(140)과 외부기기를 연결하는 외부단자(170)를 포함한다. As shown, the lithium ion battery pack 100 according to the present invention includes a plurality of lithium ion cells 130, a casing 110 accommodating the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 therein, and a plurality of lithium ion cells. A battery management system (140) that manages charging and discharging of (130), a heating board (150) that applies heat to the lithium ion cell (130) when the temperature of the lithium ion cell (130) is lowered, and heat generation It includes an insulation board 160 provided between the board 150 and the battery management board 140 and an external terminal 170 connecting the battery management board 140 and an external device.

본 발명의 리튬이온배터리팩(100)은 외부기온 변화에 따라 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 설정된 기준온도 이하로 떨어지면 발열기판(150)이 발열하며 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가하여 리튬이온셀(130)의 충방전 효율이 안정적으로 유지될 수 있게 한다. In the lithium ion battery pack 100 of the present invention, when the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 drops below a set reference temperature according to a change in external temperature, the heating substrate 150 generates heat and applies heat to the lithium ion cell 130 to generate lithium ion. The charge/discharge efficiency of the ion cell 130 can be stably maintained.

리튬이온셀(130)은 양극과 음극 소재의 산화·환원 반응(oxidation-reduction reaction)으로 인해 화학 에너지를 전기 에너지로 변환시킨다. The lithium ion cell 130 converts chemical energy into electrical energy due to an oxidation-reduction reaction between cathode and anode materials.

각 리튬이온셀(130)은 충·방전 전압이 높은 양극(cathode, 131), 충·방전 전압이 낮은 음극(anode, 133), 리튬 이온의 이동 매개체인 전해질(electrolyte) 그리고 전기적 단락을 방지하는 분리막(separator), 절연층(insulator), 및 도전재(conductor) 등이 추가되어 형성된다. Each lithium ion cell 130 includes a cathode (131) with a high charge/discharge voltage, a cathode (133) with a low charge/discharge voltage, an electrolyte (electrolyte) as a moving medium of lithium ions, and a circuit to prevent electrical short circuits. It is formed by adding a separator, an insulator, and a conductor.

리튬이온셀(130)은 복수개가 직렬 및 병렬로 연결되어 충전되는 에너지 량을 증가시킬 수 있다. A plurality of lithium ion cells 130 may be connected in series or parallel to increase the amount of energy to be charged.

케이싱(110)은 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)이 수용되는 공간을 형성한다. 케이싱(110)은 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 하부케이싱(111)과 상부케이싱(113)이 서로 결합되어 형성된다.The casing 110 forms a space in which the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 are accommodated. As shown in FIG. 2 , the casing 110 is formed by coupling the lower casing 111 and the upper casing 113 to each other.

하부케이싱(111)의 전후에는 절곡형성된 전후벽(111a)이 구비되어 상부케이싱(113)의 결합플랜지에 조립된다. 전후벽(111a)의 높이는 내부에 수용되는 리튬이온셀(130)의 개수와 직.병렬 결합구조에 따라 상이하게 조절될 수 있다. Bent front and rear walls 111a are provided at the front and rear of the lower casing 111 and are assembled to the coupling flanges of the upper casing 113 . The height of the front and rear walls 111a may be adjusted differently according to the number of lithium ion cells 130 accommodated therein and the series/parallel coupling structure.

측면커버(120)는 케이싱(110)의 개방된 양측면에 조립된다. 측면커버(120)의 판면에는 외기가 유동되는 통풍구(121)가 구비된다. 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 측면커버(120)는 통풍구(121)가 개방형성되어 항상 외기가 유입될 수 있게 된다. The side cover 120 is assembled to both open sides of the casing 110 . The plate surface of the side cover 120 is provided with a vent 121 through which outside air flows. In the side cover 120 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vent 121 is formed open so that outside air can always flow in.

경우에 따라 측면커버(120a)는 도 3과 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이 통풍구(121)에 개폐도어(123)가 개폐가능하게 결합될 수 있다. 개폐도어(123)는 배터리관리기판(140)의 제어에 의해 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도에 따라 전동방식으로 이동되며 통풍구(121)를 개폐한다. 개폐도어(123)는 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 높을 경우 개방되어 외기가 유입되며 리튬이온셀(130)을 냉각하게 할 수 있다. 또한, 개폐도어(123)는 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 낮을 때는 닫혀져 내부의 온도가 유지되게 하거나, 발열기판(150)의 가열에 의한 발열효율이 유지되게 한다. In some cases, the side cover 120a may be coupled to open/close the door 123 to the vent 121 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 . The opening/closing door 123 is electrically moved according to the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 under the control of the battery management board 140 and opens and closes the vent 121 . When the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 is high, the opening and closing door 123 is opened so that outside air flows in and the lithium ion cell 130 is cooled. In addition, the opening and closing door 123 is closed when the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 is low so that the internal temperature is maintained or the heating efficiency by heating the heating board 150 is maintained.

개폐도어(123)는 통풍구(121)의 크기보다 크게 형성되며, 개폐도어(123)의 내측에 배치된다. 개폐도어(123)의 하부에는 길이방향을 따라 랙(123b)이 형성되고, 통풍구(121)의 일측하부에는 랙(123b)을 구동시키는 도어개폐부(125)가 구비된다. The opening and closing door 123 is formed larger than the size of the vent 121 and is disposed inside the opening and closing door 123 . A rack 123b is formed at the bottom of the opening/closing door 123 along the longitudinal direction, and a door opening/closing part 125 for driving the rack 123b is provided at a lower part of one side of the vent 121.

도어개폐부(125)는 배터리관리기판(140)에 의해 정역구동되는 개폐모터(125a)와, 개폐모터(125a)의 회전축에 결합되는 피니언(125b)을 포함한다. 피니언(125b)은 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이 측면커버(120)의 내측에 회전가능하게 결합되고, 랙(123b)과 맞물려 회전된다. The door opening/closing unit 125 includes an opening/closing motor 125a driven forward and backward by the battery management board 140 and a pinion 125b coupled to a rotational shaft of the opening/closing motor 125a. Pinion (125b) is rotatably coupled to the inside of the side cover 120, as shown in Figure 4, is engaged with the rack (123b) is rotated.

랙(123b)의 정역회전에 따라 피니언(125b)이 형성된 개폐도어(123)가 좌우로 이동되며 통풍구(121)를 개폐하게 된다. As the rack 123b rotates forward and backward, the opening/closing door 123 formed with the pinion 125b moves left and right to open and close the vent 121.

배터리관리기판(140)은 온도센서(141)에서 감지된 리튬이온셀(130)의 현재 온도에 따라 개폐도어(123)의 열림정도를 조절한다. The battery management board 140 adjusts the opening degree of the opening/closing door 123 according to the current temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 detected by the temperature sensor 141 .

한편, 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이 개폐도어(123)의 내벽면에는 단열층(123a)이 형성된다. 이에 따라 후술할 발열기판(150)이 동작하여 리튬이온셀(130)을 가열할 때 내부의 열이 외부로 손실되는 것을 단열층(123a)이 차단할 수 있다. Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 4 , a heat insulating layer 123a is formed on the inner wall surface of the opening and closing door 123 . Accordingly, when the heating substrate 150 to be described later operates to heat the lithium ion cell 130, the heat insulating layer 123a may block internal heat from being lost to the outside.

개폐모터(125a)는 리튬이온셀(130)과 병렬로 전기적으로 연결되고 배터리관리기판(140)의 제어에 의해 리튬이온셀(130)의 전원을 공급받아 동작된다. The opening/closing motor 125a is electrically connected to the lithium ion cell 130 in parallel and operated by receiving power from the lithium ion cell 130 under the control of the battery management board 140 .

배터리관리기판(140)은 리튬이온셀(130)의 충방전 효율을 높여 부하에 안정적으로 전력이 제공될 수 있게 리튬이온셀(130)을 관리한다. 배터리관리기판(140)은 충전, 방전, 셀 밸런싱, 충전상태, 잔존수명, 외부기기와의 통신을 제어한다. The battery management board 140 manages the lithium ion cell 130 so that power can be stably provided to a load by increasing the charging/discharging efficiency of the lithium ion cell 130 . The battery management board 140 controls charging, discharging, cell balancing, state of charge, remaining life, and communication with external devices.

또한, 본 발명의 배터리관리기판(140)은 판면에 온도센서(141)를 구비하여 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도를 실시간으로 감지하고, 리튬이온셀(130)이 과열 또는 과냉되지 않도록 발열기판(150)과 개폐모터(125a)를 제어한다. In addition, the battery management board 140 of the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor 141 on a plate surface to detect the temperature of the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 in real time, and prevent the lithium ion cells 130 from overheating or overcooling. The heating board 150 and the opening/closing motor 125a are controlled.

발열기판(150)은 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 단열판(160)과 리튬이온셀(130) 사이에 배치되어 배터리관리기판(140)의 제어에 따라 전원을 공급받아 발열하며 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가한다. As shown in FIG. 2 , the heating board 150 is disposed between the insulation board 160 and the lithium ion cell 130 to receive power under the control of the battery management board 140 and generate heat, and the lithium ion cell 130 heat with

도 5에 도시된 바와 같이 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)은 양극(131)과 음극(133)이 전극결합기판(135)에 의해 서로 연결된다. As shown in FIG. 5 , in the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 , a positive electrode 131 and a negative electrode 133 are connected to each other by an electrode bonding substrate 135 .

그리고, 발열기판(150)은 이러한 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)의 상면에 배치되어 각 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가한다. 발열기판(150)은 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)과 배터리관리기판(140)의 양극과 음극에 병렬로 연결되어 리튬이온셀(130)로부터 전원을 공급받는다.In addition, the heating substrate 150 is disposed on the upper surface of the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 to apply heat to each lithium ion cell 130 . The heating board 150 is connected in parallel to the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 and the positive and negative electrodes of the battery management board 140 to receive power from the lithium ion cells 130 .

리튬이온셀(130)과 맞닿는 발열기판(150)의 하부에는 전원공급에 의해 발열되는 발열체(151,153)가 복수개의 영역별로 구획되어 배치된다. 일례로, 중심영역에 위치되는 중심발열체(151)와, 양측에 위치된 외곽발열체(153)로 구비될 수 있다. Heating elements 151 and 153 generating heat by power supply are divided into a plurality of areas and disposed under the heating substrate 150 in contact with the lithium ion cell 130 . For example, it may be provided with a central heating element 151 located in the central area and outer heating elements 153 located on both sides.

중심발열체(151)와 외곽발열체(153)는 배터리관리기판(140)에 의해 독립적으로 전원을 공급받아 발열된다. 이에 따라 현재 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도와 기준온도와의 차이가 작은 경우 중심발열체(151)만 발열되고, 기준온도와의 차이가 큰 경우 중심발열체(151)와 외곽발열체(153) 모두 발열될 수 있다. The central heating element 151 and the outer heating element 153 receive power independently from the battery management board 140 and generate heat. Accordingly, when the difference between the current temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 and the reference temperature is small, only the central heating element 151 generates heat, and when the difference between the reference temperature and the reference temperature is large, both the central heating element 151 and the outer heating element 153 generate heat. It can be.

중심발열체(151)와 외곽발열체(151,153)는 면상발열체로 구비되거나, 저항 형태로 구비될 수 있다. The central heating element 151 and the outer heating elements 151 and 153 may be provided as planar heating elements or may be provided in the form of resistance.

발열기판(150)의 상면에는 단열판(160)이 구비된다. 단열판(160)은 발열기판(150)의 발열에 의해 발생된 열이 배터리관리기판(140)으로 전달되지 않게 차단한다. An insulating board 160 is provided on the upper surface of the heating board 150 . The insulation board 160 blocks heat generated by heat generated by the heating board 150 from being transferred to the battery management board 140 .

본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩(100)은 발열기판(150)이 리튬이온셀(130)의 상부에만 구비되었으나, 리튬이온셀(130)의 직병렬 구조와 개수에 따라 리튬이온셀(130)의 하부 또는 측면에도 발열기판(150)이 구비될 수 있다. In the lithium ion battery pack 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating substrate 150 is provided only on the top of the lithium ion cells 130, but depending on the serial and parallel structure and number of lithium ion cells 130, the lithium ion The heating substrate 150 may also be provided on the bottom or side of the cell 130 .

이러한 구성을 갖는 본 발명의 리튬이온배터리팩(100)의 동작과정을 도 1 내지 도 6을 참조하여 설명한다. The operation process of the lithium ion battery pack 100 of the present invention having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 .

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 본 발명의 리튬이온배터리팩(100)은 외부단자(170)에 의해 외부기기(미도시)와 연결되며 충방전된다. As shown in FIG. 1 , the lithium ion battery pack 100 of the present invention is connected to an external device (not shown) through an external terminal 170 and is charged and discharged.

복수개이 리튬이온셀(130)은 서로 직/병렬로 연결되고, 발열기판(150)은 리튬이온셀(130)에 병렬로 연결된다. The plurality of lithium ion cells 130 are connected in series/parallel to each other, and the heating substrate 150 is connected to the lithium ion cells 130 in parallel.

이 과정에서 배터리관리기판(140)은 단열판(160)의 절개영역(161)을 통해 온도센서(141)가 복수개의 리튬이온셀(130)의 현재 온도를 감지한다. In this process, in the battery management board 140 , the temperature sensor 141 senses the current temperature of the plurality of lithium ion cells 130 through the cutout area 161 of the insulating board 160 .

온도센서(141)에서 감지된 현재 온도가 기 설정된 기준 온도 보다 높으면, 배터리관리기판(140)은 도 3의 (b)에 도시된 바와 같이 개폐모터(125a)로 리튬이온셀(130)의 전원이 공급되게 하여 개폐모터(125a)가 동작되며 개폐도어(123)가 통풍구(121)를 개방하게 한다. 이에 의해 외기가 케이싱(110) 내부로 유입되며 리튬이온셀(130)을 냉각하여 온도가 낮아지게 한다. When the current temperature detected by the temperature sensor 141 is higher than the preset reference temperature, the battery management board 140 powers the lithium ion cell 130 by the opening/closing motor 125a as shown in FIG. 3(b). By supplying this, the opening/closing motor 125a is operated and the opening/closing door 123 opens the vent 121. As a result, outside air flows into the casing 110 and cools the lithium ion cell 130 to lower the temperature.

한편, 온도센서(141)에서 감지된 현재 온도가 기준 온도 보다 낮으면, 배터리관리기판(140)은 도 6에 도시된 바와 같이 발열기판(150)으로 리튬이온셀(130)의 전원이 공급되게 하여 발열기판(150)의 중심발열체(151)와 외곽발열체(153)가 발열하여 리튬이온셀(130)로 열(H)이 가해지게 한다. Meanwhile, when the current temperature detected by the temperature sensor 141 is lower than the reference temperature, the battery management board 140 supplies power to the lithium ion cell 130 to the heating board 150 as shown in FIG. 6 . Thus, the central heating element 151 and the outer heating element 153 of the heating substrate 150 generate heat so that heat (H) is applied to the lithium ion cell 130.

이 때, 통풍구(121)가 개방된 경우, 배터리관리기판(140)은 개폐모터(125a)를 역회전시켜 도 3의 (a)에 도시된 바와 같이 개폐도어(123)가 통풍구(121)를 닫게 한다. At this time, when the ventilation hole 121 is opened, the battery management board 140 reversely rotates the opening/closing motor 125a so that the opening and closing door 123 opens the ventilation hole 121 as shown in FIG. 3(a). let it close

이에 의해 리튬이온셀(130)의 양측은 개폐도어(123)의 단열층(123a)에 의해 단열되고, 상부는 단열판(160)에 의해 단열되어 발열기판(150)에서 전달되는 열의 외부 손실을 줄여 내부 온도를 빠르게 기준온도로 높일 수 있다. As a result, both sides of the lithium ion cell 130 are insulated by the heat insulation layer 123a of the opening and closing door 123, and the upper portion is insulated by the insulation plate 160 to reduce external loss of heat transferred from the heating board 150 to the inside. The temperature can be quickly raised to the reference temperature.

리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 기준온도에 도달하면, 배터리관리기판(140)은 발열기판(150)으로 공급되는 전원을 차단한다. When the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 reaches the reference temperature, the battery management board 140 cuts off power supplied to the heating board 150 .

이러한 배터리관리기판(140)의 발열기판(150) 및 개폐도어(123)의 제어에 의해 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 항상 기준온도로 유지될 수 있어 배터리의 충방전 효율이 안정적으로 유지될 수 있게 된다. By controlling the heating board 150 and the opening/closing door 123 of the battery management board 140, the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 can always be maintained at the reference temperature, so that the charging/discharging efficiency of the battery can be stably maintained. be able to

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩은 리튬이온셀의 온도가 기설정된 기준온도 보다 낮아지면 리튬이온셀의 전원을 공급받아 발열하는 발열기판을 포함한다. 이에 따라 외부기온이 낮아지더라도 리튬이온셀의 충방전 효율이 일정하게 유지될 수 있다. As described above, the lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention includes a heating substrate that generates heat by receiving power from the lithium ion cell when the temperature of the lithium ion cell is lower than a preset reference temperature. Accordingly, even when the external temperature is lowered, the charging/discharging efficiency of the lithium ion cell may be maintained at a constant level.

특히, 발열기판의 발열체가 영역별로 복수개가 구비되어 리튬이온셀의 현재 온도에 따라 복수개의 발열체가 선택적으로 발열되게 하여 요구되는 전력을 최소화할 수 있다. In particular, a plurality of heating elements of the heating board are provided for each region so that the plurality of heating elements selectively generate heat according to the current temperature of the lithium ion cell, thereby minimizing required power.

또한, 본 발명에 따른 리튬이온배터리팩은 측면커버에 통풍구가 형성되고, 통풍구를 개폐하는 도어가 배터리관리기판(BMS)에 의해 전동 조작된다. 이에 의해 리튬이온셀의 온도가 기준온도 보다 높아지면 통풍구가 개방되어 내부를 냉각하여 리튬이온셀의 충방전 효율을 일정하게 유지한다. In addition, the lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention has vents formed on the side cover, and a door for opening and closing the vents is electrically operated by a battery management board (BMS). As a result, when the temperature of the lithium ion cell becomes higher than the reference temperature, the vent is opened to cool the inside of the lithium ion cell, thereby maintaining a constant charge/discharge efficiency of the lithium ion cell.

이상 몇 가지의 실시예를 통해 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 살펴보았다.The technical idea of the present invention was examined through several examples.

본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 본 발명의 기재사항으로부터 상기 살펴본 실시예를 다양하게 변형하거나 변경할 수 있음은 자명하다. 또한, 비록 명시적으로 도시되거나 설명되지 아니하였다 하여도 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 본 발명의 기재사항으로부터 본 발명에 의한 기술적 사상을 포함하는 다양한 형태의 변형을 할 수 있음은 자명하며, 이는 여전히 본 발명의 권리범위에 속한다. 첨부하는 도면을 참조하여 설명된 상기의 실시예들은 본 발명을 설명하기 위한 목적으로 기술된 것이며 본 발명의 권리범위는 이러한 실시예에 국한되지 아니한다.It is obvious that a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can variously modify or change the above-described embodiments from the description of the present invention. In addition, even if not explicitly shown or described, a person skilled in the art may make various modifications from the description of the present invention to the technical idea according to the present invention. is obvious, which still belongs to the scope of the present invention. The above embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are described for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

100 : 리튬이온배터리팩 110 : 케이싱
111 : 하부케이싱 111a : 전후벽
113 : 상부케이싱 120 : 측면커버
121 : 통풍구 123 : 개폐도어
123a : 단열층 123b : 랙
125 : 도어개폐부 125a : 개폐모터
125b : 피니언 130 : 리튬이온셀
131 : 양극 133 : 음극
135 : 전극결합기판 140 : 배터리관리기판(BMS)
141 : 온도센서 150 : 발열기판
151 : 중심발열체 153 : 외곽발열체
160 : 단열판 161 : 절개영역
170 : 접속단자
H : 열100: lithium ion battery pack 110: casing
111: lower casing 111a: front and rear walls
113: upper casing 120: side cover
121: ventilation hole 123: opening and closing door
123a: insulation layer 123b: rack
125: door opening and closing part 125a: opening and closing motor
125b: pinion 130: lithium ion cell
131: anode 133: cathode
135: electrode bonding board 140: battery management board (BMS)
141: temperature sensor 150: heating board
151: central heating element 153: outer heating element
160: insulation plate 161: incision area
170: connection terminal
H: heat

Claims (4)

적어도 하나의 리튬이온셀(130)과;
상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 하부와 상부에 각각 배치되는 하부케이싱(111) 및 상부케이싱(113)과;
상기 하부케이싱(111)과 상기 상부케이싱(113)의 양측면을 커버하는 측면커버(120)와;
상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 상부에 구비되며 표면에 온도센서(141)가 구비된 배터리관리기판(140)과;
상기 리튬이온셀(130)과 상기 배터리관리기판(140) 사이에 배치되며 상기 배터리관리기판(140)와 전기적으로 연결되며 판면에 발열체(151,153)가 구비된 발열기판(150)과;
상기 배터리관리기판(140)와 외부기기를 연결하는 외부단자(170)를 포함하며,
상기 배터리관리기판(140)은 상기 온도센서(141)에서 감지된 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 온도가 기준온도 이하일 경우 상기 발열기판(150)으로 상기 리튬이온셀(130)의 전원을 공급하여 상기 발열체(151,153)가 상기 리튬이온셀(130)로 열을 가하게 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온배터리팩.
at least one lithium ion cell 130;
a lower casing 111 and an upper casing 113 disposed on the lower and upper portions of the lithium ion cell 130, respectively;
side covers 120 covering both sides of the lower casing 111 and the upper casing 113;
a battery management board 140 provided on top of the lithium ion cell 130 and having a temperature sensor 141 on a surface thereof;
a heating board 150 disposed between the lithium ion cell 130 and the battery management board 140, electrically connected to the battery management board 140, and provided with heating elements 151 and 153 on a plate surface;
It includes an external terminal 170 connecting the battery management board 140 and an external device,
The battery management board 140 supplies power to the lithium ion cell 130 to the heating board 150 when the temperature of the lithium ion cell 130 sensed by the temperature sensor 141 is equal to or less than the reference temperature. The lithium ion battery pack, characterized in that the heating elements (151, 153) apply heat to the lithium ion cell (130).
 제1항에 있어서,
상기 발열기판(150)과 상기 배터리관리기판(140) 사이에는 단열판(160)이 구비되는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온배터리팩.
According to claim 1,
A lithium ion battery pack, characterized in that an insulating board (160) is provided between the heating board (150) and the battery management board (140).
 제2항에 있어서,
상기 측면커버(120)에는 통풍구(121)가 일정면적 절개형성되고,
상기 통풍구(121)의 내측에는 상기 리튬이온배터리팩(100)의 온도에 따라 상기 배터리관리기판(140)에 의해 전동 개폐되는 개폐도어(123)가 구비되며,
상기 개폐도어(123)의 내측면은 단열소재로 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온배터리팩.
According to claim 2,
The side cover 120 has a vent 121 cut in a certain area,
An opening/closing door 123 electrically opened and closed by the battery management board 140 according to the temperature of the lithium ion battery pack 100 is provided inside the ventilation hole 121,
The lithium ion battery pack, characterized in that the inner surface of the opening and closing door (123) is formed of a heat insulating material.
 제3항에 있어서,
상기 발열기판(150)은 판면을 따라 복수개의 발열체(151,153)가 영역별로 배치되고,
상기 배터리관리기판(140)는 상기 리튬이온배터리팩(100)의 온도에 따라 상기 복수개의 발열체(151,153)에 선택적으로 전원을 공급하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온배터리팩. According to claim 3,
In the heating substrate 150, a plurality of heating elements 151 and 153 are arranged for each region along the plate surface,
The battery management board 140 selectively supplies power to the plurality of heating elements 151 and 153 according to the temperature of the lithium ion battery pack 100.
KR1020210091727A 2021-07-13 2021-07-13 Lithium-ion battery pack with heating and cooling system KR102639393B1 (en)

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