KR20220021116A - Smoke control system for apartment house - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smoke control and exhaust system applying a kitchen exhaust facility to the inside of an apartment house. A smoke exhaust facility for realizing smoke exhaustion in the kitchen exhaust facility inside a house of the apartment house to maintain a configuration and a function of an existing common kitchen exhaust method and realizes a smoke control function through the minimum configuration required for the smoke exhaust facility to realize the facility realizing a function of ventilation (exhaustion) and smoke control inside the apartment house at efficient cost. At the same time, the present invention expands available safe escape time of a resident by emitting smoke through the ventilation and exhaust facility installed inside the apartment house to significantly reinforce stability.

Description

Common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation {Smoke control system for apartment house}

The present invention relates to a ventilation and exhaust system for applying a kitchen exhaust facility in an apartment house.

As for residential facilities in Korea, from the traditional hanok-centered house structure, multi-unit housing has now become a representative residential facility. According to the 2016 Population and Housing Census, apartments account for 59.9% of the total housing, but The proportion is 74.5%, and 2/3 of Koreans live in multi-unit dwellings. Multi-unit housing has become taller, larger, and more complex due to urban concentration of population and development of building technology. High-rise apartment buildings should consider the safety and comfort of occupants as the top priority. Among them, safety is the most important factor to protect occupants from natural or man-made hazards, and the most threatening risk factor to occupants among these safety factors is fire risk. Looking at the current status of domestic fires, fires in apartment buildings account for about 26% of the total fires, but the fatality rate is 46% of the total number of deaths.

In addition, as the cause of fire in apartment houses, the number of deaths due to smoke and heat was the highest at 87%. It has been found that a lot of casualties are caused by smoke and heat because occupants cannot secure an evacuation route due to the smoke generated by late recognition of the fire while sleeping.

The way to reduce casualties in case of fire in an apartment building is to evacuate to a safe area by evacuating from the inside within the golden time before the occupants reach the peak of the fire. In particular, when a fire occurs at night, the occupants recognize the fire late as they are sleeping and cannot secure evacuation safety due to the combustion gas generated. way to strengthen it.

In order to prevent fire damage caused by smoke in an apartment building, it is best to install a new smoke-exhaust facility in the household. It is considered to be much more meaningful in Therefore, it will be said that there is a great need to build a facility to extend the evacuation time (ASET) of occupants through smoke exhaust using ventilation and exhaust facilities installed in the current apartment building.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0604144 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1594806

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned necessity, and an object of the present invention is to improve the configuration and function of the existing kitchen common exhaust system by adding a smoke exhaust facility for implementing smoke to the kitchen exhaust facility in the household of a public house. While maintaining it as it is, it implements the smoke control function with the minimum configuration required for the smoke exhaust facility, so that the equipment that realizes the function of ventilation (exhaust) and ventilation in the apartment house can be implemented at an efficient cost, and at the same time, the ventilation and exhaust system installed in the apartment house The purpose of this facility is to provide a common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation that can greatly enhance safety by extending the allowable evacuation time (ASET) for occupants through smoke emission using the facility.

As a means for solving the above problems, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , in the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation, a range hood 100 provided in the apartment house; a standing duct 200 connected to the vertical duct 110 and the horizontal duct 120 of the range hood 100; a common roof fan (300) disposed on the standing duct (200); a control panel (130) provided in the range hood (100); a fire detector 140 including a fire sensor 141 disposed on the ceiling of the apartment house; a pear study 152 formed in one area of the ceiling of the apartment house; a motor damper 154 disposed adjacent to the exhaust pipe 152; a constant air volume damper 112 disposed in the vertical duct 110 of the range hood 100; A motor fire damper 124 disposed on the horizontal duct 120; including, to provide a common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation.

In addition, in this case, the connection between the exhaust pipe 152 and the rising duct 200 is implemented by a combined piping method that branches and connects the horizontal duct 120 of the range hood, providing a ventilation system for common kitchen use. make it possible

Furthermore, the control panel 130 controls to discharge the pollution source in the apartment house in normal times, and the discharge operation of the pollution source closes the motor damper 154, opens the motor fire damper 124, and the apartment house It is possible to provide a common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation, which detects the differential pressure according to the simultaneous use rate of each household and implements the common roof fan 300 by proportional operation by the number of rotations.

In addition, when a fire is detected through the fire detector 140, the control panel 130 completely opens the motor damper 154 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation, and the generation in which a fire does not occur The motor fire damper of the existing floor is closed, and the common roof fan 300 is rotated to the maximum, so that it is possible to provide a common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation.

In addition, the control panel 130 completely closes the motor damper 154 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation after performing smoke control, and after cleaning the inside of the standing duct 200 is made It is possible to implement a common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation to operate the common roof fan 300 to the maximum to prevent backflow of substances within the household after washing.

Further, the motor fire damper 124 in the embodiment of the present invention, the branching point (first point) of the vertical duct 110 and the horizontal duct 120, the horizontal duct 120 and the standing Among the connection points (second point) of the duct 200, it is disposed adjacent to the second point, so that the cleaning solvent does not remain in the horizontal pipe, it can be implemented as a common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, by adding a smoke exhaust facility for realizing exhaust smoke to the kitchen exhaust facility in the household of a public house, while maintaining the configuration and function of the existing common kitchen exhaust system as it is, the minimum configuration required for a smoke facility By implementing the ventilation function in the apartment house, it is possible to implement the equipment that realizes the function of ventilation (exhaust) and ventilation in the apartment house at an efficient cost, and at the same time, evacuation of the occupants through the smoke exhaust using the ventilation and exhaust system installed in the apartment house. It has the effect of greatly enhancing stability by extending the allowable time (ASET).

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the smoke control function is implemented by adding a smoke control facility while maintaining the configuration of the existing common exhaust facility as it is, and the advantage of significantly reducing the construction cost is also realized.

In addition, in the case of a smoke control facility using a common exhaust facility according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is no fire law regulation on indoor smoke emission in case of a fire for an apartment house, and in Sanghwa, where the intake air exhaust facility is also exempted, the The safety of fire smoke can be strengthened, and the use of the common kitchen exhaust method for smoke control can be used to achieve the minimum smoke removal, so that the useful use of facilities and the safety of occupants can be realized.

1 shows a conceptual diagram of a facility for implementing a common exhaust method applied in a general apartment house.
2 is a block diagram of a common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of FIG. 2 .
4 and 5 are conceptual diagrams and flowcharts illustrating an exhaust operation by applying the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation according to the present invention.
6 and 7 are conceptual diagrams and flow charts for performing a smoke exhaust (smoke) operation by applying the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation according to the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention, and methods for achieving them, will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosed subject matter may be thorough and complete, and that the spirit of the present invention may be sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It is to be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. does not

Range hoods used in general apartment houses are three types of mechanical ventilation facilities that discharge heat and harmful gases generated by combustion and steam and odors generated from cooking to the outside. is divided into The individual exhaust method is a method in which an exhaust fan and motor damper are installed in the range hood, and when the occupant selects the air volume, the air volume is adjusted and discharged from the range hood in the household. In the common exhaust system, the exhaust fan and motor damper are not installed in the range hood, the motor damper is installed at the connecting part of the upright duct in the household, and the exhaust fan is installed on the roof layer, which is the top of the duct for each rising level. In the individual exhaust system, each household uses a range hood equipped with a built-in electric motor and blower to control the air volume and exhaust. Since there is a risk of spreading fire damage to adjacent households, it is not suitable for the application of the equipment of the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the existing facility of the common exhaust method is applied.

1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of implementation of the common exhaust method. The principle of implementation of the common exhaust method is that the common roof fan 10 installed on the roof floor rotates at a low speed at all times to maintain the inside of the standing duct AD in a negative pressure state. When the occupant selects the air volume of the range hood 20, the motor damper 40 installed in the duct 30 is opened, and in the machine room, the pressure imbalance (differential pressure) according to the damper opening is detected to return to the initial negative pressure state. This is a method to secure the exhaust air volume by proportionally controlling the fan rotation speed. In addition, although the exhaust amount is controlled by step-by-step opening degree control of the motor damper 40, a constant air volume damper 50 is installed to adjust the maximum amount of exhaust air volume of each household when the roof fan 10 is operated. . In this case, the range hood 20 uses a range hood with a built-in exhaust fan and motor damper in the individual exhaust method, but is a range hood that does not include an exhaust fan and motor damper in the common exhaust method. consists only of

The common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation (hereinafter, referred to as 'the present invention') according to an embodiment of the present invention is a system for adding a smoke exhaust facility to the kitchen exhaust facility in the household of the above-mentioned same house, and the existing kitchen common exhaust system The main components and functions of the exhaust system are maintained as they are, and an efficient ventilation function can be implemented by adding the core components required for the smoke exhaust facility.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram implementing the configuration of FIG. 2 .

2 and 3, in the present invention, in a common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation, a range hood 100 provided in an apartment house, a vertical duct 110 and a horizontal duct 120 of the range hood 100 It includes a rising duct 200 connected to and a common roof fan 300 disposed on the rising duct 200 . In particular, in such a common exhaust type facility, the present invention provides a fire detector 140 including a control panel 130 provided in the range hood 100 and a fire sensor 141 disposed on the ceiling portion X of the apartment house. ), an exhaust pipe 152 formed in one area of the ceiling of the apartment house, a motor damper 154 disposed adjacent to the exhaust pipe 152, and disposed in the vertical duct 110 of the range hood 100 A constant air volume damper 112 to be configured, and a motor fire damper 124 disposed in the horizontal duct 120 to be configured.

The range hood 100 , the standing duct 200 , and the common roof fan 300 apply the existing facilities installed in a general apartment house as they are, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

A characteristic configuration of the present invention is to implement a smoke control function by additionally disposing a fire detector 140 , an exhaust pipe 150 , a motor damper 152 , and a control panel 130 in the common kitchen exhaust facility. Although it is the most desirable method to directly add a smoke function to the existing exhaust facility in order to minimize the additional components for the smoke function, when using the existing facility directly, the height of the intake port of the range hood is low, so the Since it does not work and operates after a significant amount of smoke is accumulated, a separate exhaust pipe is installed on the ceiling of the kitchen to discharge smoke, so that the economical efficiency of installation can be ensured and the efficiency of ventilation can be satisfied at the same time.

The fire detector 140 is a facility installed to detect the occurrence of a fire indoors, and uses an existing in-house sensor sensor or installs a separate fire detector to detect a fire.

The exhaust pipe 150 is configured to serve as a smoke passage in case of a fire, and can be implemented as a window-shaped structure in which a grill is implemented. Can be attached and installed.

The motor damper 152 is disposed on the upper portion of the exhaust pipe 150 , and may be disposed at one end of the connection duct 154 . The motor damper 152 normally maintains a closed state, and opens it in case of a fire to discharge smoke. It is an essential feature to have the performance to be able to drive for more than one hour.

The connection between the exhaust pipe 150 and the rising duct 200 is connected by forming a connection duct 154 that is implemented by branching the horizontal duct 120 of the range hood 100, and the material of the connection duct 154 is the ceiling. Considering that it is installed inside the banza, a flexible pipe is used for ease of construction, and the pipe diameter can be installed according to the flexible pipe diameter of the range hood.

The connection between the exhaust pipe 150 and the rising duct 200 can also be implemented in an individual piping method of connecting to the rising duct with a separate pipe, but in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust duct of the existing range hood and Make it possible to implement in a combined piping method to connect. This means that in order for the combined ventilation system to increase the maximum effect at the minimum cost, it is necessary to configure the system in the simplest way. Since it is disadvantageous in terms of cost, it is preferable to implement a combined piping method as shown in FIG. 3 in which the exhaust pipe and the rising duct are connected to the exhaust duct of the existing range hood.

The control panel 130 normally discharges pollutants from the kitchen, and in the event of a fire, the motor damper 152 and the motor fire damper 124 are linked with the rooftop roof fan by the fire detector to discharge smoke. to play a control role.

Specifically, the control panel 130 controls to discharge the pollution source in the apartment house during normal times, and the discharge operation of the pollution source closes the motor damper 152, opens the motor fire damper 124, and the common By sensing the differential pressure according to the simultaneous use rate for each household of the house, the common roof fan 300 is operated proportionally according to the rotation speed to be implemented.

In addition, when a fire is detected through the fire detector 140, the control panel 130 completely opens the motor damper 152 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation, and the generation in which a fire does not occur The motor fire damper of the existing floor is closed, and the control can be performed in such a way that the common roof fan 300 rotates to the maximum.

Further, after the smoke control is performed, the motor damper 152 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation are completely closed, and after the washing of the inside of the standing duct 200 is made, the common roof fan 300 is operated to the maximum, so that the backflow of material after washing can be prevented.

As a configuration to solve the backflow problem of the washing process, the motor fire damper 124 includes a branching point (first point) between the vertical duct 110 and the horizontal duct 120 and the horizontal duct 120 . And, among the connection points (second point) of the rising duct 200, it is disposed adjacent to the second point so that the cleaning solvent does not remain in the horizontal pipe.

In the motor fire damper 124 applied in the present invention, a motor damper and a fire damper are respectively installed in the conventional common kitchen exhaust method, but in the common kitchen exhaust method for ventilation, the system according to the present invention, the motor damper and the fire damper are integrated. By using one motor fire damper (fuse melting temperature 250℃), unnecessary parts are reduced and the control point can be simplified.

After using the smoke control function in case of fire by implementing the existing common kitchen exhaust system as a smoke control system, it is washed using a water jet on the roof floor to remove the smoke soot generated in the standing duct, and then drained from the basement floor to remove dirt. to deal with, etc. Airtightness of the standing duct and the motor fire damper must be ensured for cleaning the pipe for maintenance of facilities after a fire It should be ensured that the solvent does not remain in the horizontal pipe.

In addition, in the present invention, the installation position of the constant airflow damper is installed between the motor damper and the fire damper in the conventional common kitchen exhaust system, but in the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation, smoke is discharged to the maximum amount through exhaust research in case of fire. Make sure to install the constant airflow damper before the horizontal branching of the range hood so that there is no hindrance to the exhaust.

The capacity of the rooftop roof fan used in the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation is calculated as follows in consideration of the safety factor, etc. from the capacity of the existing common kitchen exhaust system.

Exhaust capacity (Q) = common exhaust fan capacity of kitchen common exhaust system × safety factor (30%)

{Table 1}

4 to 6 are diagrams for explaining the operation of performing exhaust and exhaust (exhaust) and subsequent management by using the common kitchen exhaust system combined with ventilation according to the present invention.

It has been described above that the common kitchen exhaust system combined with smoke control according to the present invention is implemented as a system capable of exhausting and exhausting (exhausting).

{Table 2}

The main operating method of the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation and ventilation according to the present invention is as follows.

3 and 4, when the motor damper 152 of each household is closed and the motor fire damper 124 is opened by the occupant's selection, the exhaust operation senses the differential pressure according to the simultaneous use rate for each household. The roof fan operates proportionally according to the rotation speed.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in smoke operation, when a fire is detected, the motor damper and motor fire damper of the fire generation generation are fully opened, and the motor fire damper of the other floor is closed to discharge fire smoke. Let the fan run at full speed.

In addition, after exhausting smoke, the motor damper and motor fire damper of each household are completely closed, and the inside of the common duct is cleaned using a water jet on the roof floor. Operate so that solvent does not flow back into the household.

As described above, the technical idea of the present invention has been specifically described in the preferred embodiment, but the preferred embodiment is for the purpose of explanation and not for limitation. As such, a person of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand that various embodiments are possible through combination of the embodiments of the present invention within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.

100: range hood
110: vertical duct
120: horizontal duct
130: control panel
140: fire detector
150: Bae Research
152: motor damper
200: standing duct
300: common roof fan

Claims (6)

In the common kitchen exhaust system for ventilation,
Range hood 100 provided in the apartment house; a standing duct 200 connected to the vertical duct 110 and the horizontal duct 120 of the range hood 100; A common roof fan (300) disposed on the upper portion of the standing duct (200); includes,
a control panel 130 provided in the range hood 100;
a fire detector 140 including a fire sensor 141 disposed on the ceiling of the apartment house;
a pear study 150 formed in an area of the ceiling of the apartment house;
a motor damper 152 disposed adjacent to the exhaust pipe 150;
a constant air volume damper 112 disposed in the vertical duct 110 of the range hood 100;
Including, a motor fire damper 124 disposed on the horizontal duct 120
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.
The method according to claim 1,
The connection of the exhaust pipe 150 and the rising duct 200 is implemented in a combined piping method for branching and connecting the horizontal duct 120 of the range hood,
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.
3. The method according to claim 2,
The control panel 130,
In normal times, it is controlled to discharge the pollutant in the apartment house, and the discharge action of the pollutant is
The motor damper 152 is closed, and the motor fire damper 124 is opened,
Detecting the differential pressure according to the simultaneous use rate for each household of the apartment house to implement the shared roof fan 300 proportionally by the number of revolutions,
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.
3. The method according to claim 2,
The control panel 130,
When a fire is detected through the fire detector 140,
Fully open the motor damper 152 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation,
The motor fire damper on the floor where there is no fire is closed.
to rotate the common roof fan 300 to the maximum,
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.
5. The method according to claim 4,
The control panel 130,
After performing smoke control, the motor damper 152 and the motor fire damper 124 of the fire generation generation are completely closed,
After cleaning the inside of the standing duct 200, the common roof fan 300 is operated to the maximum to prevent the backflow of materials after washing,
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.
6. The method of claim 5,
The motor fire damper 124 is,
Among the branching point (first point) of the vertical duct 110 and the horizontal duct 120 and the connection point (second point) of the horizontal duct 120 and the upright duct 200,
Arranged adjacent to the second point so that the cleaning solvent does not remain in the horizontal pipe,
A common kitchen exhaust system for both ventilation and ventilation.

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