KR20210099161A - Stabilized heat transfer compositions, methods and systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 10% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant comprising a polyol ester ( POE) lubricants and/or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, said stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalenes and optionally but preferably acid depleting moieties.

Description

Stabilized heat transfer compositions, methods and systems

The present invention relates to compositions, methods and systems having utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In certain aspects, the present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which the refrigerant R-410A would have been used. The compositions of the present invention are useful, inter alia, for retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-410A and as a replacement for refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications.

Mechanical refrigeration systems and associated heat transfer devices, such as heat pumps and air conditioners, are well known in the art for industrial, commercial and domestic applications. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were developed in the 1930s as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, much attention has been focused on the effects of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer. In 1987, a number of governments signed the Montreal Protocol, which sets out a timeline for phasing out CFC products to protect the global environment. CFCs have been replaced by more environmentally acceptable materials containing hydrogen, namely hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants was chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol accelerated the phase-out of CFCs and predated the phase-out of HCFCs, including HCFC-22.

In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry has developed a number of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with zero ozone depletion potential. R-410A (a 50:50 w/w blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)) is HCFC-22 in air conditioning and chiller applications as it does not contribute to ozone depletion. adopted as an industrial substitute for However, R-410A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. Therefore, the replacement of the R-22 with the R-410A is important in heat exchange systems, including the replacement and redesign of the compressor to accommodate the substantially higher operating pressure and volumetric capacity of the R-410A when compared to the R-22. It required a redesign of major components.

R-410A has a more acceptable ozone depletion potential (ODP) than R-22, but continued use of R-410A is problematic due to its high Global Warming Potential of 2088. Therefore, there is a need in the art to replace R-410A as a more environmentally acceptable alternative.

The EU, as shown in Table 1, has implemented F-gas regulations since 2015 to limit the HFCs that can be placed on the market in the EU. By 2030, only 21% of the amount of HFC sold in 2015 will be available. Therefore, it is required to limit the GWP to less than 427 as a long-term solution.

[Table 1]

Alternative heat transfer fluids can achieve properties including, among others, excellent heat transfer properties (and heat transfer properties that are particularly well suited to the needs of a particular application), chemical stability, low or non-toxic, non-flammable, lubricant miscibility and/or lubricant compatibility, among others. It is understood in the art that it is highly desirable to have a mosaic that is difficult to do. Also, any replacement for the R-410A would ideally fit the operating conditions of the R-410A to avoid system modifications or redesigns. Developing a heat transfer fluid that meets all of these requirements (many of which is unpredictable) presents significant challenges.

With regard to efficiency during use, it is important to note that loss of the thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency of a refrigerant may result in an increase in fossil fuel usage as a result of increased demand for electrical energy. Accordingly, the use of such refrigerants will have negative secondary environmental impacts.

Flammability is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used herein, the term "non-combustible" is described in the standard [ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants], and under the conditions described in the standard [Appendix B1 to ASHRAE Standard 34-2016], the standard [ASTM standard] E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)] refers to a compound or composition determined to be non-flammable, the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference and is herein referred to as “non-flammable” for convenience. referred to as "test".

In a vapor compression heat transfer system, it is critical for the proper and reliable functioning of the compressor and maintenance of system efficiency to allow the circulating lubricant to return to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function. Otherwise, lubricants may accumulate and remain in the coils and tubing of the system, including within heat transfer components. Moreover, if the lubricant accumulates on the inner surface of the evaporator, the lubricant lowers the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

R-410A is currently commonly used with polyol ester (POE) lubricants in air conditioning applications because R-410A is miscible with POE at the temperatures experienced during the use of such systems. However, R-410A is incompatible with POE at temperatures typically experienced during operation of low temperature refrigeration systems and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in low temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this incompatibility.

Applicants wish to provide compositions that can be used as replacements for R-410A in air conditioning applications, and particularly in residential and commercial air conditioning applications, including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning and chiller air conditioning applications. I came to understand that it is desirable to be able to. Applicants have also come to understand that the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention have advantages in, for example, heat pumps and low temperature refrigeration systems, where the immiscibility with POE at the temperatures experienced during operation of these systems is achieved. defects are removed.

The present invention can be used as a replacement for R-410A and, in a preferred embodiment, has excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or non-toxic, non-flammable, lubricant, with low global warming potential (GWP) and near zero ODP. Refrigerant compositions are provided that exhibit a mosaic of desired properties of miscibility and lubricant compatibility.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. as present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 1 for convenience.

As used herein in reference to a percentage based on a list of identified compounds, the term "relative percentage" means the percentage of identified compounds based on the total weight of the listed compounds.

As used herein in reference to weight percentages, the term “about” in reference to the amount of an identified ingredient means that the amount of the identified ingredient may vary by an amount of +/−2% by weight.

With respect to the use of a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalene in a heat transfer composition comprising a CF3I refrigerant and a lubricant comprising POE and/or PVE, the Applicant claims from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant, or preferably from 1.5% to less than 8% by weight, or preferably from 1.5% to about 6% by weight, or preferably from 1.5% to 5% by weight of alkylated naphthalene, It was found that the stabilizing effect of the alkylated naphthalene in the range was advantageously and unexpectedly enhanced compared to the stabilizing effect outside the range. The reason for the improved performance within this critical range is from the discovery that the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes can be degraded to an undesirable extent for some applications when used in amounts greater than about 10%, in the absence of other solutions described below. comes from Applicants also believe that the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes when used in amounts less than 1% is also undesirable for some applications. The existence of such a critical range is unexpected.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol an ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. present in the composition in an amount. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 2 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) of; wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; Naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 3 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 3% to 15% penta by weight. consisting essentially of fluoroethane (HFC-125) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinyl an ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 4 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 5 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol an ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. as present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 6 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) of; wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; Naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 3% to 15% penta by weight. consisting essentially of fluoroethane (HFC-125) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinyl an ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 9 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol an ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. as present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 10 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), wherein the lubricant is a polyol an ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. as present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 11 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) of; wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; Naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 12 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 3% to 15% penta by weight. consisting essentially of fluoroethane (HFC-125) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinyl an ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13 for convenience.

The present invention also includes any of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13, wherein said stabilizer is essentially free of ADM as defined below. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 13A.

The present invention also includes any of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13, wherein said stabilizer is essentially free of ADM as defined below and said stabilizer further comprises BHT. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 13B.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), the lubricant comprising a polyol ester ( POE) lubricants and/or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, said stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalenes and acid depleting moieties. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 14 for convenience.

As used herein, the term "acid depleting moiety" (sometimes referred to herein as "ADM" for convenience) refers to at least about 10 weight percent CF3I (the percentages are based on the weight of all refrigerants in the heat transfer composition) When present in a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant comprising: a compound or radical having the effect of substantially reducing acid moieties that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition. As used herein, the term “substantially reducing” as used for an acid moiety in a heat transfer composition means that the acid moiety causes a decrease in TAN value (as defined below) of at least about 10 relative percent. It means that it is reduced enough to bring.

With respect to the use of stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalene and ADM, Applicants have discovered that certain materials can substantially and unexpectedly improve the performance of stabilizers comprising or consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizer(s). In particular, Applicants have discovered that certain materials can aid in depletion of acid moieties in heat transfer compositions comprising CF3I, including any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. Applicants have found that formulating a heat transfer composition to have an ADM provides at least an unexpected synergistic improvement in the stability function of the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention. Although the reason for this synergistic effect is not clearly understood, by or without being bound by any theory of operation, although the alkylated naphthalene stabilizers of the present invention function primarily by stabilizing free radicals formed from the CF3I of the present refrigerants, this stabilizing effect is It is believed to be at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention allows the alkylated naphthalene stabilizer to exert an unexpectedly synergistically enhanced effect. Applicants also believe that the degradation in performance observed by Applicants at relatively high concentrations of alkylated naphthalene (i.e., about 10%) can be offset by incorporation of ADM into the heat transfer composition (or into a stabilized lubricant). found out

Accordingly, the present invention includes stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalenes and ADMs. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 1 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene and from 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 2 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene and from 0.1% to about 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 3 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 30% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 4 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 20% ADM by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 5 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoro iodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 15 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoro iodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 16 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoro iodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 17 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% to about 75% by weight trifluoro Roiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 18 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% to about 75% by weight trifluoro Roiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 19 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% to about 75% by weight trifluoro Roiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 20 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight difluoro romethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 21 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight of difluoro romethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 22 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight of difluoro romethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 23 for convenience.

Refrigerant, lubricant and stabilizer 1 comprising a POE lubricant and/or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 3% to 15% by weight weight percent pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and from about 35 weight percent to about 70 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 24 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoro romethane (HFC-32), 3% to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) . The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 25 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 3, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoro romethane (HFC-32), 3% to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) . The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as heat transfer composition 26 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1-5.

Explanation

Justice:

For the purposes of the present invention, the term “about” with reference to a temperature in degrees Celsius (° C.) means that the stated temperature may vary by an amount of +/- 5° C. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature specified in about is preferably +/-2°C, more preferably +/-1°C, and even more preferably +/-0.5°C of the identified temperature.

The term “capacity” is the amount of cooling (in BTU/hr) provided by a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. This is determined experimentally by multiplying the change in enthalpy of the refrigerant (in BTU/lb) by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant as it passes through the evaporator. Enthalpy can be determined from measurements of the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The capacity of a refrigeration system relates to its ability to maintain the area to be cooled at a specified temperature. The capacity of a refrigerant represents the amount of cooling or heating it provides and provides some measure of the compressor's ability to pump large amounts of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will provide greater cooling or heating power.

The phrase "coefficient of performance" (hereinafter "COP") is a universally accepted measure of refrigerant performance, which is particularly useful for indicating the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a particular heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. . In refrigeration engineering, the term denotes the ratio of the useful refrigeration or cooling capacity to the energy applied by the compressor in compressing the vapor, thus dissipating a large amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of a heat transfer fluid, e.g., a refrigerant. It represents the ability of a given compressor to pump. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher COP will provide greater cooling or heating power. One means of estimating the COP of a refrigerant at specific operating conditions is by thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (see, e.g., RC Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988].

The phrase “discharge temperature” refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor. The advantage of a lower discharge temperature is that existing equipment can be used without activation of the thermal protection aspects of the system, preferably designed to protect the compressor components, and costly controls such as liquid injection are used to reduce the discharge temperature. that it doesn't

The phrase “global warming potential” (hereinafter “GWP”) was developed to enable comparison of the global warming effects of different gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy an emission of 1 ton of a given gas over a given period of time absorbs compared to the emission of 1 ton of carbon dioxide. The greater the GWP, the more a given gas warms the Earth over that period relative to _{CO 2 .} The period normally used for GWP is 100 years. The GWP provides a common metric that allows analysts to aggregate emission estimates of different gases. See www.epa.gov.

The phrase “Life Cycle Climate Performance” (hereinafter “LCCP”) is a method by which air conditioning and refrigeration systems can be evaluated for their global warming impact over their lifetime. LCCP includes the direct impact of refrigerant emissions and the indirect impact of energy consumption used to operate the system, energy to manufacture the system, and transport and safe disposal of the system. The direct influence of the refrigerant discharge is obtained from the GWP value of the refrigerant. For indirect emissions, the measured refrigerant characteristics are used to obtain system performance and energy consumption. LCCP is determined using Equations 1 and 2 as follows. Equation 1 is "Direct discharge = refrigerant charge (kg) x (yearly loss rate x service life + loss at end of life) x GWP". Equation 2 is a "CO ₂ per electricity production of the indirect emission = annual power consumption life x x 1 kW-hr". The direct emissions as determined by Equation 1 and the indirect emissions as determined by Equation 2 are added together to give the LCCP. TMY2 and TMY3 data generated by the US National Renewable Laboratory and available in BinMaker® Pro version 4 software are used for analysis. The GWP values reported in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4) 2007 are used in the calculation. LCCP is expressed as the _{mass of carbon dioxide (kg-CO 2eq} ) over the life of the air conditioning or refrigeration system.

The term “mass flow rate” is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit of time.

The term “Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)” is determined according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.

As a "replacement for" a certain conventional refrigerant, "a substitute for" in the context of a particular heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention, as this term is used herein, is heretofore generally used with conventional refrigerants. It means using the indicated compositions of the present invention in heat transfer systems that have been used. By way of example, a refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention may be used in heat transfer systems hitherto designed for and/or commonly used with R410A, such as residential and commercial air conditioning (rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF)). systems and chiller systems), the refrigerant of the present invention is a replacement for R410A in such systems.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to a mixture of zeotropic refrigerants having varying temperatures during the phase change process in an evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to a mixture of zeotropic refrigerants having varying temperatures during the phase change process in an evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

As used herein, the term "TAN value is defined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems" to simulate long-term stability of heat transfer compositions by accelerated aging. ] as determined by the total acid number.

heat transfer composition

Applicants have found that the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 as described herein, can provide exceptionally advantageous properties, in particular stability during use and incombustibility, which, inter alia, include R As a replacement for -410A, in particular the conventional 410A residential air conditioning system, and the conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning system (the conventional R-410A rooftop system, the conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system and the conventional R- with respect to the use of such heat transfer compositions in 410A cooler systems).

As used herein, reference heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 refer to heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, respectively, including heat transfer compositions 13A and 13B.

A particular advantage of the refrigerant included in the heat transfer composition of the present invention is that it is non-flammable when tested according to the non-flammability test, and, as mentioned above, can be used as a replacement for R-410A in a variety of systems, and has excellent heat To provide refrigerant and heat transfer compositions that have transfer properties, low environmental impact (particularly including low GWP and near zero ODP), excellent chemical stability, low or non-toxic, and/or lubricant compatibility, and remain non-flammable during use There has been a desire in the art for These desirable advantages can be achieved by the refrigerant and heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is refrigerant in an amount greater than 40%, or greater than 70%, or greater than 80%, or greater than 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition. includes

Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, consists essentially of a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may include other ingredients for the purpose of providing or enhancing a particular function to the composition, preferably without negating the improved stability provided in accordance with the present invention. Such other ingredients or additives may include dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, auxiliary stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives and anti-wear additives.

stabilizator:

alkylated naphthalene

Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalenes are very effective as stabilizers for the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. As used herein, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the structure:

(wherein each R ₁ to R ₈ is independently selected from a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group and hydrogen). The specific length of the alkyl chain and the combination of branched and straight chain and hydrogen may vary within the scope of the present invention, and such variations reflect the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalene, including in particular the viscosity of the alkylated compound, and the producer of such material. It will be recognized and understood that frequently defines such a material by referring to one or more such properties as an alternative to the specification of a particular R group.

Applicants have unexpectedly found that surprising and advantageous results relate to the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties, alkylated naphthalene compounds having the properties indicated herein for convenience, alkylated naphthalene 1 ( or AN1) to alkylated naphthalene 5 (or AN5), as shown in columns 1 to 5, respectively, of the table below:

As used herein with reference to viscosity at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D467, the term “about” means ±4 cSt.

As used herein with reference to viscosity at 100° C. measured according to ASTM D467, the term “about” means ±0.4 cSt.

As used herein with reference to pour point measured according to ASTM D97, the term “about” means ±5°C.

Applicants have also found that, unexpectedly, surprising and advantageous results relate to the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties, alkylated naphthalene compounds having the properties indicated herein for convenience are alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) to alkylated naphthalene 10 (or AN10), as shown in columns 6 to 10, respectively, of the table below:

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 include: NA-LUBE KR-007A by King Industries; KR-008; KR-009; KR-015; KR-019; KR-005FG; KR-015FG; and those sold as KR-029FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 include, but are not limited to, under the trade name NA-LUBE KR-007A by King Industries; KR-008; KR-009; and those sold as KR-005FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 5 and alkylated naphthalene 10 include the products sold under the trade name NA-LUBE KR-008 by King Industries.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN2.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN3.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN6.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN7.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN8.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN9.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN10.

acid depletion moiety (ADM)

One of ordinary skill in the art, without undue experimentation, will be able to determine, without undue experimentation, various ADMs useful in accordance with the present invention, all such ADMs being within the scope of the present invention.

epoxide

Applicants have found that epoxides, particularly alkylated epoxides, when used in combination with alkylated naphthalene stabilizers, are effective in producing the improved stability discussed herein, and although Applicants are not necessarily bound by theory, these synergistic It is believed that the improvement is due, at least in part, to its effective function as an ADM in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of epoxides that undergo a ring-opening reaction with an acid, thereby depleting the acid system while not otherwise detrimental to the system.

Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

Preferred epoxides include epoxides of formula (I):

wherein _{at least one of R 1} to R ₄ is selected from a 2 to 15 carbon (C2 to C15) acyclic group, a C2 to C15 aliphatic group, and a C2 to C15 ether. Epoxides according to Formula 1 are sometimes referred to herein as ADM1 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of R1 to R4 of formula (I) is an ether having the structure:

Here, each of R5 and R6 is independently a C1-C14 straight-chain or branched (preferably unsubstituted) alkyl group. The epoxide according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as ADM2 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment _{, one of R 1} to R ₄ of formula (I) is an ether having the structure:

where R ₅ and Each of R ₆ is independently a C1 to C14 straight or branched chain (preferably unsubstituted) alkyl group, and the other three of _{R 1} to R _{4 are H.} The epoxide according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as ADM3.

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether. The epoxide according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as ADM4 for convenience.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, wherein the composition comprises AN1 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, wherein the composition comprises AN5 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, wherein the composition comprises AN10 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, wherein the composition comprises AN1 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, wherein the composition comprises AN5 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and heat transfer compositions 14-26, wherein the composition comprises AN10 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 each comprising ADM1, respectively, and AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9.

The present invention provides heat transfer compositions comprising AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 respectively and ADM2, heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 respectively includes

The present invention relates to a heat transfer composition comprising AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 respectively and ADM3, heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 respectively includes

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, respectively, comprising AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 respectively and ADM4.

When ADM is present in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably 0.01% to about 10%, or about 1.5% to about 4.5%, or from about 2.5% to about 3.5%, wherein the amount is in weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene+refrigerant in the system.

When ADM is present in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably 0.1% to about 20%, or 1.5% to about 10%, or present in an amount from 1.5% to about 8%, wherein the amount is in weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus lubricant in the system.

carbodiimide

ADM may comprise a carbodiimide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbodiimide comprises a compound having the structure:

other stabilizers

It is contemplated that stabilizers other than alkylated naphthalenes and ADMs may be included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26. Examples of such other stabilizers are described below.

phenolic compounds

In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Phenolic compounds include 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol including 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl)sulfide; Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol and at least one compound selected from t-butyl hydroquinone, preferably BHT.

The phenolic compound, in particular BHT, is present in an amount greater than 0% by weight and preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. may be provided in the heat transfer composition. In each case, weight percent refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

The phenolic compound, in particular BHT, is present in an amount greater than 0% by weight and preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. may be provided in the heat transfer composition. In each case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, and from 0.1% to about 10% by weight of BHT, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition. includes The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 6 for convenience.

The present invention also comprises, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition, from about 40% to about 95% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, from 5% to about 30% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4. ADM, and a stabilizer comprising 0.1% to about 10% by weight of BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the heat transfer composition comprises a stabilizer 6. The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 of the present invention, wherein the heat transfer composition comprises a stabilizer 7.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention comprising AN1 and BHT. The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention comprising AN5 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 of the present invention comprising AN10 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 each comprising AN5, ADM4 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising heat transfer compositions 1 to 13 of the present invention and heat transfer compositions 14 to 26 each comprising AN10, ADM4 and BHT.

diene compound

The diene-based compound includes a compound formed by reaction of a C3 to C15 diene and any two or more C3 to C4 dienes. Preferably, the diene-based compound is selected from the group consisting of allyl ether, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene and terpene. The diene-based compound is preferably tereben, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenchene, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, terpenes including but not limited to citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, nerolidol, phytol, carnoic acid and vitamin A1. Preferably, the stabilizer is farnesene. Preferred terpene stabilizers are disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/638,003, filed December 12, 2004, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0167044A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Further, the diene-based compound is present in an amount greater than 0% by weight and preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. amount may be provided to the heat transfer composition. In each case, weight percent refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phosphorus compound

The phosphorus compound may be a phosphite or a phosphate compound. For the purposes of the present invention, phosphite compounds are diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl and/or trialkyl phosphites, and/or mixed aryl/alkyl disubstituted or trisubstituted phosphites, in particular hindered phosphites, tris -(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, di-n-octyl phosphite, iso-octyl diphenyl phosphite, iso-decyl diphenyl phosphite, tri-iso-decyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite and diphenyl at least one compound selected from phosphites, in particular diphenyl phosphite.

The phosphate compound may be a triaryl phosphate, a trialkyl phosphate, an alkyl monoacid phosphate, an aryl diacid phosphate, an amine phosphate, preferably a triaryl phosphate and/or a trialkyl phosphate, in particular a tri-n-butyl phosphate.

The phosphorus compound is a heat transfer agent in an amount greater than 0% by weight and preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. may be provided in a composition. In each instance, weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

nitrogen compounds

When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer is one or more secondary or It may include an amine-based compound such as a tertiary amine. The amine-based compound is an amine antioxidant such as a substituted piperidine compound, i.e. a derivative of an alkyl substituted piperidyl, piperidinyl, piperazinone, or alkyloxypiperidinyl, in particular 2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)sebacate; Di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate) nates: alkylated paraphenylenes such as N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine diamine, and hydroxylamines such as tallow amine, methyl bis tallow amine and bis tallow amine, or phenol-alpha-naphthylamine or Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba); and at least one amine antioxidant selected from BLS® 1944 (Mayzo Inc) and BLS® 1770 (Mayzo Inc.) For the purposes of the present invention, the amine-based compound may also be Alkyldiphenyl amines such as bis(nonylphenyl amine), dialkylamines such as (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine, or phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA), alkyl It may be at least one of -phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA) and bis(nonylphenyl)amine Preferably, the amine-based compound is phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha at least one of -naphthyl-amine (APANA) and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA).

Alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds identified above, dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl] may be used as stabilizers.

The nitrogen compound is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0% by weight, and from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. may be provided. In each case, weight percent refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

isobutylene

Isobutylene can also be used as a stabilizer according to the invention.

Additional Stabilizer Compositions

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 and phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 8 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 9 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 and a combination of phosphate and phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 10 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 40% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight, and about 0.1% by weight and an additional stabilizer selected from phosphate, phenol, and combinations thereof in an amount of from to about 50% by weight, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 11 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 70% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, and about 0.1% by weight and a further stabilizer selected from phosphate, phenol, and combinations thereof in an amount of from to about 25% by weight, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 12 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM and BHT comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 13 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM and BHT comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 14 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 15 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting of alkylated naphthalenes comprising each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 16 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 40% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, and about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight of BHT, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 17 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 70% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, and about 0.1% by weight to about 25% by weight of BHT, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 18 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 40% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 5% to about 25% by weight, and from 1% to and a third stabilizer compound selected from BHT, phosphate, and combinations thereof in an amount of about 55% by weight, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 19 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount from about 40% to about 95% by weight, ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4 in an amount from about 5% to about 25% by weight, and about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight of BHT, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 20 for convenience.

Stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20, may be used in any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including any of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and heat transfer compositions 14-26.

Stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-6, may also be used in any of the heat transfer compositions 13A and 13B.

slush

In general, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, comprise a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant, the lubricant preferably from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. weight percent, or from 0.1 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, alternatively from 0.1 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent.

POE lubricant

The POE lubricant of the present invention comprises a neopentyl POE lubricant in a preferred embodiment. As used herein, the term neopentyl POE lubricant refers to a neopentyl polyol (preferably pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentyl glycol, and in embodiments where a higher viscosity is preferred, dipentaerythritol) and polyol esters (POE) derived from the reaction between a linear or branched carboxylic acid.

Commercially available POEs include neopentyl glycol dipelargonate, available as Emery 2917(R) and Hatcol 2370(R), and MCARATE by CPI Fluid Engineering under the trade name MCARATE. pentaerythritol derivatives including those sold as (Emkarate) RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H. Emcalate RL32-3MAF and Emcalate RL68H are preferred neopentyl POE lubricants having the following identified properties:

Other useful esters include phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters and fluoro esters.

Lubricants consisting essentially of POE having a viscosity at 40°C of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt as measured in accordance with ASTM D445 and a viscosity of from about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt at 100°C as measured in accordance with ASTM D445 are herein described. referred to as lubricant 1.

A lubricant consisting essentially of neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40° C. of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt as measured according to ASTM D467 is referred to as lubricant 2 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 comprises a POE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, comprises a lubricant consisting essentially of a POE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer compositions comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 comprise a lubricant consisting of a POE lubricant.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 1 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 2 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 3 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 4 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 5 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 6 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 7 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 8 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 9 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 10 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 11 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 12 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 13 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 13A wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 13B wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 14 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 15 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 16 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 17 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 18 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 19 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 20 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 21 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 22 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 23 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises heat transfer composition 24 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a heat transfer composition 25 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer compositions 26 wherein the lubricant is lubricant 1 and/or lubricant 2.

PVE lubricant

The lubricants of the present invention may generally include PVE lubricants. In a preferred embodiment, the PVE lubricant is as PVE according to formula (II):

[Formula II]

wherein R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon, preferably a C2 to C8 hydrocarbon, R ₁ and R ₄ are each independently an alkyl, alkylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylene glycol unit, n and m is preferably selected according to the needs of one of ordinary skill in the art to obtain a lubricant having the desired properties, and preferred n and m are to obtain a lubricant having a viscosity of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40°C as measured according to ASTM D467. is chosen to The PVE lubricant according to the description immediately above is referred to as lubricant 3 for convenience. Commercially available polyvinyl ethers include lubricants sold under the trade names FVC32D and FVC68D from Idemitsu.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 comprises a PVE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, comprises a lubricant consisting essentially of a PVE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, comprises a lubricant consisting of a PVE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the PVE in the present heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 is a PVE according to formula II.

In a preferred embodiment, the present heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 comprises a lubricant consisting essentially of lubricant 3.

Stabilized lubricant

The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 1 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a neopentyl POE lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 2 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) lubricant 1 or lubricant 2; and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 3 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) lubricant 3; and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 4 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising Stabilizer 1. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 5 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising Stabilizer 2. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 6 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising stabilizer 3. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 7 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising stabilizer 4. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 8 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising stabilizer 5. Stabilized lubricants according to this paragraph are sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricants 9 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising from 1 weight percent to less than 10 weight percent alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. Stabilized lubricants according to this paragraph are sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricants 10 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising from 1 weight percent to 8 weight percent alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 11 for convenience.

The present invention also relates to: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising from 1.5 weight percent to 8 weight percent alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as stabilized lubricant 12.

The present invention also relates to: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilized lubricant comprising from 1.5% to 6% by weight of alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, wherein the lubricant and stabilizer are stabilized lubricants of the present invention comprising each of stabilized lubricants 1 to 13.

Methods, uses and systems

The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications, and highly preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning applications (eg, rooftop applications, VRF applications, and coolers).

The present invention also includes methods for providing heat transfer including air conditioning methods, highly preferred air conditioning methods include methods of providing residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning (e.g., methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, VRF air conditioning) a method of providing air conditioning, and a method of providing air conditioning using a cooler).

The present invention also encompasses heat transfer systems, including air conditioning systems, highly preferred air conditioning systems including residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning systems (eg, rooftop air conditioning systems, VRF air conditioning systems and air conditioning cooler systems).

The present invention also provides uses of the heat transfer compositions, methods of using the heat transfer compositions, and systems comprising heat transfer compositions associated with refrigeration, heat pumps and coolers, including portable water coolers and central water coolers.

Any reference to a heat transfer composition of the present invention refers to each and any of the heat transfer compositions as described herein. Accordingly, for the following discussion of uses, methods, systems or applications of the compositions of the present invention, the heat transfer composition may comprise or consist essentially of any of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 .

For a heat transfer system of the present invention comprising a compressor and a lubricant for the compressor in the system, the system may have a lubricant loading in the system of from about 5% to 60% by weight, or from about 10% to about 60% by weight, or from about 20% by weight. % to about 50% by weight, or from about 20% to about 40% by weight, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight, or from about 30% to about 50% by weight, or from about 30% to about 40% by weight % of refrigerant and lubricant. As used herein, the term “lubricant loading” refers to the total weight of lubricant contained in a system as a percentage of the total of lubricant and refrigerant contained in the system. Such systems may also include a lubricant loading of about 5% to about 10%, or about 8% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention may comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other, a heat transfer composition 1 to 26 in the system and an isolation material, said isolation material preferably comprising: i. copper or copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or a combination thereof, or iv. anion exchange resin, or v. a water-removing material, preferably a water-removing molecular sieve, or vi. Combinations of two or more of the above are included.

The present invention relates to a method for heat transfer of the type comprising, in a plurality of repeated cycles, evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor and condensing the refrigerant vapor. Also comprising, the method comprising

(a) providing a heat transfer composition according to the present invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26;

(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor; and

(c) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to an isolation material.

Applications, equipment and systems

In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0 °C to about 10 °C, and the condensation temperature in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C.

In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method used in the heating mode has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20 °C to about 3 °C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 35 °C to about 50 °C.

In a preferred embodiment, the commercial air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0 °C to about 10 °C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C.

In a preferred embodiment, the hydronic systems and methods have a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and the condensation temperature in the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the mesophilic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -12 °C to about 0 °C, and the condensation temperature in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C.

In a preferred embodiment, the low temperature system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the rooftop air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0 °C to about 10 °C, and the condensation temperature in the range of about 40 °C to about 70 °C.

In a preferred embodiment, the VRF system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and the condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

The present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 1 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 2 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 3 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 4 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 5 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 6 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 7 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 8 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 9 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 10 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 11 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 12 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 13 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 13A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 13B in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 14 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 15 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 16 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 17 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 18 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 19 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 20 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 21 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 22 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 23 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 24 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 25 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of a heat transfer composition 26 in a residential air conditioning system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 1 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 2 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 3 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 4 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of the heat transfer composition 5 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 6 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 7 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 8 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 9 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 10 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 11 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 12 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 13 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 13A in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of heat transfer composition 13B in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 14 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 15 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 16 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 17 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 18 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 19 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 20 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 21 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 22 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 23 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 24 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 25 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition 26 in a cooler system.

For the purposes of the present invention, examples of commonly used compressors include reciprocating compressors, rotary compressors (including rolling pistons and rotary vanes), scroll compressors, screw compressors, and centrifugal compressors. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a refrigerant as described herein for use in a heat transfer system comprising a reciprocating compressor, a rotary compressor (including a rolling piston and a rotary vane), a scroll compressor, a screw compressor, or a centrifugal compressor and/or Each and any of the heat transfer compositions are provided.

For the purposes of the present invention, examples of commonly used expansion devices include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves and electronic expansion valves. Accordingly, the present invention provides each and any of a refrigerant and/or heat transfer composition as described herein for use in a heat transfer system comprising a capillary tube, a fixed orifice, a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve.

For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser are, respectively, preferably a finned tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell and tube, a plate heat exchanger, and a tube- in a heat exchanger selected from tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Accordingly, the present invention is intended for use in a heat transfer system in which an evaporator and a condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube, plate heat exchanger, or a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Each and any of the refrigerant and/or heat transfer compositions as described herein is provided.

Accordingly, the system of the present invention preferably comprises an isolation material in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant according to the invention, during said contacting the temperature of the isolation material and/or the temperature of the refrigerant and /or the temperature of the lubricant is preferably at least about 10°C, and the sequestering material preferably comprises a combination of: an anion exchange resin, activated alumina, a zeolite molecular sieve comprising silver, and moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing molecular sieve.

As used herein, the term "contacting at least a portion" is intended to include contacting each of the isolation materials and any combination of isolation materials with the same or separate portions of the refrigerant and/or lubricant within the system. It is intended in a broad sense, that each type or particular isolation material (i), if present, is physically located with each other type or particular material; (ii) located physically separate from each other type or particular material, if present, and (iii) two or more materials are physically together and at least one isolation material is physically separated from at least one other isolation material. It is intended to include, but not necessarily be limited to, embodiments that are separate combinations.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used in heating and cooling applications.

In certain features of the invention, the heat transfer composition may be used in a method of cooling comprising condensing the heat transfer composition and subsequently evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor comprising the steps of: i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein; and

ii) evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;

The evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system ranges from about -40°C to about +10°C.

Alternatively or additionally, the heat transfer composition may be used in a heating method comprising condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated and subsequently evaporating the composition.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of heating in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor, the method comprising i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein in the vicinity of a body or article to be heated. step and

ii) evaporating the composition, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system ranges from about -30°C to about 5°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in air conditioning applications, including both transport air conditioning applications and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be used in any of the following:

- mobile air conditioning, especially for air conditioning applications, including train and bus air conditioning;

- mobile heat pumps, especially electric vehicle heat pumps;

- coolers, in particular positive displacement coolers, more particularly air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers, modular or usually packaged alone,

- Residential air conditioning systems, especially duct separate or ductless separate air conditioning systems;

- residential heat pumps,

- Residential air to water heat pump/circulating water system;

- Industrial air conditioning systems,

- commercial air conditioning systems, especially packaged rooftop units and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;

- Commercial air, water or geothermal heat pump systems.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention is provided for use in a refrigeration system. The term “refrigeration system” refers to any system or device that utilizes a refrigerant to provide cooling, or any part or portion of such a system or device. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be used in any of the following:

- low temperature refrigeration system,

- Medium temperature refrigeration system,

- commercial refrigerators,

- commercial freezers,

- Ice machine,

- vending machine,

- transport refrigeration systems;

- home freezer,

- home refrigerator,

- industrial freezers,

- Industrial refrigerators and

- Cooler.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in particular (in the range of about 0° C. to about 10° C. for cooling, particularly about 7° C. and/or about -20° C. to about 3° C. for heating) is provided for use in residential air conditioning systems (with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C). Alternatively or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is specifically formulated for use in residential air conditioning systems having reciprocating compressors, rotary (rolling-piston or rotary vane) compressors or scroll compressors. is provided

Each of the disclosed heat transfer compositions, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly suitable for air-cooled coolers (having an evaporator temperature in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C, in particular about 4.5°C), in particular air-cooled coolers with positive displacement compressors, more In particular, it is provided for use in air-cooled chillers with reciprocating scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, has an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, in particular about 0.5°C or in the range of about -30°C to about 5°C, especially about 0.5 It is provided for use in a residential air-water heat pump circulating water system) having an evaporator temperature of °C.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly provided for use in medium temperature refrigeration systems (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C). .

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in particular (in the range of about -40 °C to about -12 °C, especially about -40 °C to about -23 °C or preferably about -32 °C) provided for use in low temperature refrigeration systems (having an evaporator temperature).

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air conditioning system provides, for example, cool air to a building in summer (the air is, for example, about 10 C to about 17°C, in particular having a temperature of about 12°C).

Accordingly, heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a separate residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (eg, from about 10 °C to about 17 °C; especially having a temperature of about 12° C.).

Accordingly, heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a separate duct residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (the air being, for example, from about 10 °C to about 17 °C). , especially having a temperature of about 12 °C).

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a windowed residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (eg, from about 10 °C to about 17 °C; especially having a temperature of about 12° C.).

Accordingly, heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a mobile residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (eg, from about 10 °C to about 17 °C; especially having a temperature of about 12° C.).

A residential air conditioning system as described herein, including those described in the immediately preceding paragraphs, is preferably an air-to-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil) ), and an expansion valve. The evaporator and condenser may be round tube plate fin heat exchangers, finned tube heat exchangers or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor may be a reciprocating compressor or a rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane) compressor or a scroll compressor. The expansion valve may be a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably in the range of 0°C to 10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range of 40°C to 70°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a residential heat pump system, wherein the residential heat pump system provides warm air to a building in winter (the air is, for example, from about 18° C. to about 24°C, especially having a temperature of about 21°C). This could be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but in heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed, with the indoor coil becoming a condenser and the outdoor coil becoming an evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-separate heat pump systems. Evaporators and condensers are usually round tube plate fin heat exchangers, finned heat exchangers or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor is usually a reciprocating compressor or a rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane) compressor or scroll compressor. The expansion valve is usually a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature preferably ranges from about -20°C to about 3°C, or from -30°C to about 5°C. The condensation temperature preferably ranges from about 35°C to about 50°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in commercial air conditioning systems, wherein the commercial air conditioning systems contain cooled water in large buildings such as offices and hospitals, wherein the water is, for example, about 7 ℃) can be used to supply the cooler. Depending on the application, the chiller system can be operated all year round. The chiller system may be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air cooled chillers are usually plate evaporators for supplying cooled water, tube-in-tube evaporators or shell-and-tube evaporators, reciprocating or scroll compressors, round tube plate fin condensers for exchanging heat with ambient air, finned tubes a condenser or microchannel condenser, and a thermal expansion valve or electronic expansion valve. Water-cooled systems are usually shell-and-tube evaporators for supplying cooled water, reciprocating compressors, scroll compressors, screw or centrifugal compressors, cooling towers or shell-and-tube for exchanging heat with water from lakes, seas and other natural sources. an end-tube condenser, and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C. The condensation temperature preferably ranges from about 40°C to about 70°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in a residential air-water heat pump hydronic system, wherein the residential air-water heat pump hydronic system is suitable for underfloor heating or similar applications in winter. It is used to supply hot water to the building, which has a temperature of, for example, about 50°C or about 55°C. Hydronic systems are usually round tube plate fin evaporators for exchanging heat with ambient air, finned tube evaporators or microchannel evaporators, reciprocating compressors, scroll compressors or rotary compressors, plate condensers for heating water, tube-in-tube condensers or a shell-in-tube condenser, and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature preferably ranges from about -20 to about 3°C, or from -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range of from about 50°C to about 90°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in medium temperature refrigeration systems, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -12 °C to about 0 °C, wherein the refrigerant in such system preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of from about 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a medium temperature refrigeration system used to cool a food or beverage, such as in a refrigerator or bottle cooler, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C. The refrigerant in such systems preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of from about 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C.

The mesophilic system of the present invention, including a system as described in the immediately preceding paragraphs, is preferably an air-refrigerant evaporator, a reciprocating compressor, a scroll compressor, for example for providing cooling to the food or beverage contained therein. or a screw compressor or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with ambient air, and a thermal expansion valve or electronic expansion valve. The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are provided for use in low temperature refrigeration systems, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of from about -40 °C to about -12 °C, and the refrigerant preferably preferably from about 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide refrigeration in a freezer, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of from about -40 °C to about -12 °C, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature of about -40 °C to about -12 °C. and a condensation temperature in the range of from 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide cooling in an ice cream maker, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of from about -40 °C to about -12 °C, the refrigerant preferably comprising: has a condensation temperature ranging from about 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C.

The low temperature system of the present invention, including a system as described in the immediately preceding paragraphs, is preferably an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating compressor, scroll compressor or rotary compressor, ambient air and heat for cooling food or beverage. an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging the

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in a cooler, wherein said alkylated naphthalene is AN5, said heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in a cooler, wherein said heat transfer composition further comprises BHT and AN5 is the weight of the heat transfer composition It is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, and the BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

For purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, has an evaporation temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. It is provided for use in a cooler with A cooler is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, and preferably for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, more particularly an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler, which is modular or usually packaged alone.

Accordingly, the present invention provides for the use of each heat transfer composition according to the invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning, wherein said alkylated naphthalene is AN5, The delivery composition further comprises BHT, wherein AN5 is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. exists in the amount of

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning, wherein said alkylated naphthalene is AN5, The composition further comprises BHT, wherein the AN5 is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the heat transfer composition, and wherein the BHT is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the heat transfer composition. It is present in an amount of about 5% by weight.

Each of the heat transfer compositions according to the invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, serves as a low GWP replacement for refrigerant R-410A.

Each heat transfer composition according to the invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 is provided as a low GWP retrofit to refrigerant R-410A.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions and refrigerants of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, may be used as retrofit refrigerants/heat transfer compositions or as replacement refrigerants/heat transfer compositions.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an existing heat transfer system designed for R-410A refrigerant and comprising R-410A refrigerant without the need for substantial engineering changes to the existing system, in particular without changing the condenser, evaporator and/or expansion valve. including how to open it.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides for R-410A as a replacement for R-410A and in particular for residential air conditioning refrigerants, without requiring substantial engineering changes to the existing system, in particular without changes to the condenser, evaporator and/or expansion valve. Alternatives include methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention.

Accordingly, the present invention also encompasses methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, and particularly as a replacement for R-410A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention also encompasses methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, and particularly as a replacement for R-410A in a chiller system.

Accordingly, there is provided a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system comprising an R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: transferring at least a portion of an existing R-410A refrigerant to the heat transfer of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26; and replacing with the composition.

The step of replacing is preferably at least a substantial portion, preferably substantially all, of the existing refrigerant (which may be but is not limited to R-410A), without any substantial alteration of the system for receiving the refrigerant of the present invention. and introducing a heat transfer composition comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 . Preferably, the method comprises removing at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 75% by weight of R-410A from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer composition of the present invention. includes steps.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition may be designed to include an R-410A refrigerant or used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system comprising an R-410A refrigerant, the system being used with the heat transfer composition of the present invention. is changed to

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition may be designed to include the R-410A refrigerant or used as a replacement in a heat transfer system suitable for use with the R-410A refrigerant.

The present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 as a low warming potential replacement for R-410A, or is used in a method for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system, or as described herein. It will be appreciated for use in heat transfer systems suitable for use with the R-410A refrigerant as described in

When the heat transfer composition is provided for use in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system as described above, the method preferably comprises removing from the system at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant. This will be understood by those skilled in the art. Preferably, the method removes at least about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 50 wt% or about 75 wt% of R-410A from the system and comprises it comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 and replacing with the heat transfer composition of the present invention.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention may be used with R-410A refrigerants or as a replacement in systems suitable for use with R-410A refrigerants, such as existing heat transfer systems or new heat transfer systems.

The composition of the present invention exhibits many of the desirable characteristics of R-410A, but at the same time has a GWP that is substantially lower than that of R-410A, while at the same time operating properties that are substantially similar to or substantially identical to R-410A, preferably have as high or higher capacity and/or efficiency (COP) as R-410A. This allows the claimed composition to replace the R-410A in existing heat transfer systems without requiring any significant system modifications, for example of the condenser, evaporator and/or expansion valve. Thus, the composition can be used as a direct replacement for R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits operating properties comparable to R-410A, and the composition's efficiency (COP) in a heat transfer system is greater than 90% of that of R-410A.

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits operating properties comparable to R-410A, wherein the capacity in the heat transfer system is between 95% and 105% of the capacity of R-410A.

It will be understood that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. Accordingly, in order to ensure that the claimed composition is well matched to the operating characteristics of R-410A, any refrigerant included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, preferably exhibits low levels of glide. . Thus, a refrigerant comprised in a heat transfer composition of the invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 according to the invention as described herein can provide an evaporator glide of less than 2°C, preferably less than 1.5°C. .

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits operating properties comparable to that of R-410A, wherein the composition's efficiency (COP) in the heat transfer system is between 100% and 102% of that of R-410A, and the heat transfer system The dose is 92% to 102% of the dose of R-410A.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits operating properties comparable to R-410A, and in a heat transfer system intended to replace R-410A refrigerant with the composition of the present invention,

- the efficiency (COP) of the composition is from 100% to 105% of the efficiency of R-410A;

- the dose is 92% to 102% of the dose of R-410A.

In order to improve the reliability of the heat transfer system, it is preferred that the heat transfer composition of the present invention further exhibits the following properties comparable to R410A, in a heat transfer system wherein the composition of the present invention is used to replace the R-410A refrigerant. ,

- the exhaust temperature is up to 10°C higher and/or higher than the exhaust temperature of R-410A;

- The compressor pressure ratio is 98% to 102% of the compressor pressure ratio of R-410A.

Existing heat transfer compositions used to replace R-410A are preferably used in air conditioning heat transfer systems, including both mobile and stationary air conditioning systems. As used herein, the term mobile air conditioning system refers to a mobile non-passenger vehicle air conditioning system, such as an air conditioning system in trucks, buses and trains. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, may be used to replace R-410A in any of the following:

- mobile air-conditioning systems, especially air-conditioning systems, including those in trucks, buses and trains;

- mobile heat pumps, especially electric vehicle heat pumps;

- coolers, in particular positive displacement coolers, more particularly air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers, modular or usually packaged alone,

- Residential air conditioning systems, especially duct separate or ductless separate air conditioning systems;

- residential heat pumps,

- Residential air-water heat pump/circulating water system;

- Industrial air conditioning system and

- commercial air conditioning systems, especially packaged rooftop units and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;

- Commercial air, water or geothermal heat pump systems.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention is alternatively provided to replace R410A in refrigeration systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, may be used to replace R-410A in any of the following:

- low temperature refrigeration system,

- Medium temperature refrigeration system,

- commercial refrigerators,

- commercial freezers,

- Ice machine,

- vending machine,

- transport refrigeration systems;

- home freezer,

- home refrigerator,

- industrial freezers,

- Industrial refrigerators and

- Cooler.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in particular (in the range of from about 0° C. to about 10° C. for cooling, particularly from about 7° C. It is provided for replacing R-410A in residential air conditioning systems (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 30°C to about 5°C, in particular about 0.5°C). Alternatively or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly suitable for use in residential air conditioning systems having reciprocating compressors, rotary (rolling-piston or rotary vane) compressors or scroll compressors R-410A provided to replace

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly useful in air-cooled coolers (having an evaporator temperature in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C, in particular about 4.5°C), particularly having a positive displacement compressor. It is provided for replacing the R-410A in air-cooled chillers, more particularly in air-cooled chillers with reciprocating scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly suitable for residential air (having an evaporator temperature in the range of from about -20 to about 3 °C or from about -30 to about 5 °C, especially about 0.5 °C). - Provided to replace R-410A in water heat pump circulating water systems.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, is particularly effective in treating R-410A in mesophilic refrigeration systems (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C). provided to replace.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in particular (in the range of from about -40 °C to about -12 °C, especially from about -40 °C to about -23 °C or preferably about -32 °C) is provided to replace the R-410A in low-temperature refrigeration systems (having an evaporator temperature of

Accordingly, there is provided a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to include, or suitable for use with, an R-410A refrigerant, said method comprising an existing R-410A refrigerant. replacing at least a portion of the refrigerant with a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 .

Accordingly, there is provided a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to include, or suitable for use with, an R-410A refrigerant, said method comprising an existing R-410A refrigerant. replacing at least a portion of the refrigerant with a heat transfer composition according to the present invention comprising each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 .

The present invention further provides a heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator in fluid communication, and a heat transfer composition within the system, wherein the heat transfer composition according to the present invention comprises heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 including each.

In particular, the heat transfer system (in the range of about 0 to about 10 °C for cooling, especially about 7 °C and/or about -20 to about 3 °C or about -30 to about 5 °C for heating, especially about 0.5 (with an evaporator temperature of °C) is a residential air conditioning system.

In particular, the heat transfer system is an air-cooled cooler (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, in particular about 4.5°C), in particular an air-cooled cooler with a positive displacement compressor, more particularly an air-cooled cooler with a reciprocating compressor or a scroll compressor. am.

In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump circulating water system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of from about -20°C to about 3°C or from about -30°C to about 5°C, in particular about 0.5°C).

The heat transfer system can be a refrigeration system, such as a low temperature refrigeration system, a medium temperature refrigeration system, a commercial refrigerator, a commercial freezer, an ice machine, a vending machine, a transport refrigeration system, a home freezer, a home refrigerator, an industrial freezer, an industrial refrigerator and cooler.

Example

The refrigerant compositions identified in Table 2 below as refrigerants A1, A2 and A3 are refrigerants within the scope of the present invention as described herein. Thermodynamic analysis was performed on each refrigerant to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems. Analyzes were performed using experimental data collected for the properties of the various binary pairs of ingredients used in the composition. The vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior of _{CF 3} I in a series of binary pairs with each of HFC-32 and R125 was determined and studied. In the experimental evaluation, the composition of each binary pair was varied over a series of relative percentages, and the mixture parameters for each binary pair were regressed to the experimentally obtained data. Binary pair HFC- available from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database software (Refprop 9,1 NIST Standard Database 2013) The vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior data for 32 and HFC-125 were used in the Examples. The parameters selected to perform the analysis were: identical compressor displacement for all refrigerants, identical operating conditions for all refrigerants, identical compressor isentropic efficiency and volumetric efficiency for all refrigerants. In each example, simulations were performed using the measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Simulation results are reported for each example.

[Table 2]

Refrigerant A1 is It contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in their relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A1 is The three compounds listed in Table 2, in their relative percentages, are non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in their relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in their relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 comprises 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in their relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in their relative percentages and is non-flammable.

Example 1 - Environment/GWP

The LCCPs were determined for R410, other known refrigerants and the refrigerants of the present invention and reported in Table 3. In Table 3, the refrigerant having a GWP of 400 is the refrigerant of the present invention. Known refrigerants were used for GWPs of 1, 150, 250, 750, and 2088. A known refrigerant having a GWP of 2088 is R410A.

Table 3 shows the LCCP results in four regions: USA, EU, China and Brazil. As GWP decreases, direct emissions are lower. However, the system efficiency is lower, so more energy is consumed and indirect emissions are increased. Thus, the total emissions (kg-CO _2eq ) initially decrease and then increase as the GWP decreases. The different energy structures in these regions show the value of the optimal GWP with the lowest total emissions. The number of AC units is also different in these regions: the US and EU have more AC units than China and Brazil. The last column in Figure 1 and Table 3 shows the total emissions considering the total of the four regions and the number of AC units. Total emissions decrease as GWP decreases, until the lowest value is reached for the refrigerant of the present invention with a GWP of 400. In the GWP range of 250 to 750, the total emissions are very similar. However, when the GWP is lower than 150, the total emissions increase significantly, because indirect emissions increase significantly. Accordingly, the present invention exhibits surprising and unexpected results.

[Table 3]

Example 2A - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)

Residential air conditioning systems are used to supply cool air (26.7°C) to buildings in summer. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 4 below. The operating conditions were as follows: condensing temperature = 46 °C; condenser subcooling = 5.5°C; Evaporation temperature = 7°C; evaporator overheat = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 70%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5°C.

[Table 4]

Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential air conditioning system comparable to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit more than 92% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 2B. - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)

A residential air-conditioning system comprising a POE lubricant included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of from about 6% to about 10% by weight of lubricant) and ADM according to the invention (by weight of lubricant) It was configured to supply cold air according to Example 2A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 3A - Residential Heat Pump System (Heating)

A residential heat pump system is used to supply warm air (21.1°C) to the building in winter. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential heat pump system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 5 below. The operating conditions were as follows: condensing temperature = 41 °C; condenser subcooling = 5.5°C; Evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C; evaporator overheat = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 70%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5°C.

[Table 5]

Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential heat pump system comparable to the R410A system. The capacity of refrigerant A1 can be restored by using a larger compressor. Refrigerants A2 and A3 exhibit greater than 90% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 3B. Residential Heat Pump Systems (Heating)

A heat pump system comprising an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight of lubricant) and an ADM according to the invention (by weight of lubricant) in which a POE lubricant is included in the system It was constructed according to Example 3A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 4A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller

Commercial air conditioning systems (chillers) are used to supply cooled water (7°C) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a commercial air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 6 below. The operating conditions were as follows: condensing temperature = 46 °C; condenser subcooling = 5.5°C; Evaporation temperature = 4.5 °C; evaporator overheat = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 70%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and temperature rise in the suction line = 2°C.

[Table 6]

Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of a commercial air conditioning system comparable to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit more than 92% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 4B. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Chillers

Commercial air conditioning is carried out with a POE lubricant included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of from about 6% to about 10% by weight of lubricant) and ADM according to the invention (about about 10% by weight of lubricant). It was constructed according to Example 4A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of 0.05% to 0.5% by weight. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 5A - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hydronic System

Residential air-water heat pump circulating water systems are used to supply hot water (50°C) to buildings in winter for underfloor heating or similar applications. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential heat pump system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 7 below. The operating conditions were as follows: condensing temperature = 60 °C; condenser subcooling = 5.5°C; Evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C; evaporator overheat = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 70%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and temperature rise in the suction line = 2°C.

[Table 7]

Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential heat pump system comparable to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibited more than 93% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerant A1 and refrigerant A2 exhibit a 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 5B. - Residential air-water heat pump circulating water system

A residential air-water heat pump hydronic system comprising a POE lubricant in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount from about 6% to about 10% by weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the invention ( It was constructed according to Example 5A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 6A - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System

Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a medium temperature refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 8 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature = 40.6 °C; condenser subcooling = 0° C. (system with receiver); Evaporation temperature = -6.7°C; evaporator overheat = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 70%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and superheat in the suction line = 19.5°C.

[Table 8]

Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of a medium temperature refrigeration system comparable to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibited more than 94% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerant A1 and refrigerant A2 exhibit a 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 6B. Medium temperature refrigeration system

Medium temperature refrigeration systems configured for cooling food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers, wherein a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (in an amount from about 6% to about 10% by weight of the lubricant) of AN4) and an ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant), constructed according to Example 6A. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 7A - Low Temperature Refrigeration System

Cold refrigeration systems are used to freeze food products, such as in ice cream machines and freezers. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a low temperature refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 9 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature = 40.6 °C; Condenser subcooling = 0 °C (system with receiver); Evaporation temperature = -28.9 °C; superheat at evaporator outlet = 5.5°C; isentropic efficiency = 65%; volumetric efficiency = 100%; and superheat in the suction line = 44.4°C.

[Table 9]

Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of the low temperature refrigeration system comparable to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibited more than 96% capacity and higher efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to the R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a 99% or 100% pressure ratio comparable to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of the R410A and no change is required in the R410A compressor.

Example 7B. low temperature refrigeration system

A low temperature refrigeration system configured for freezing food products, such as in ice cream machines and freezers, comprising a POE lubricant and an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of from about 6% to about 10% by weight of the lubricant) ) and an ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant). The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop

A packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning system configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building was tested. This experimental system includes a packaged rooftop air conditioning/heat pump system, with an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein represent results from such systems. The operating conditions for this test are as follows:

One. Condensing temperature = approx. 46 °C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = approx. 67 °C)

2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C

3. Evaporation temperature = about 7°C (corresponding room ambient temperature = 26.7°C)

4. Evaporator overheat = about 5.5℃

5. Isentropic efficiency = 70%

6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%

7. Temperature rise in suction line = 5.5°C

The performance associated with each of the refrigerants A1 to A3 has been found to be acceptable.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop

A packaged rooftop commercial air-conditioning system comprising an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight of lubricant) and an ADM according to the invention (weight of lubricant) in which a POE lubricant is included in the system. A building was configured to supply cooled or heated air according to Example 8A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, based on The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 9A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow System

A commercial air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building was tested. This experimental system includes a number of (four or more) air-refrigerant evaporators (indoor coils), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coils), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein represent results from such systems. The operating conditions for this test are as follows:

One. Condensing temperature = approx. 46 °C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 67 °C)

2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C

3. Evaporation temperature = about 7°C (corresponding room ambient temperature = 26.7°C)

4. Evaporator overheat = about 5.5℃

5. Isentropic efficiency = 70%

6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%

7. Temperature rise in the suction line = 5.5°C. The performance associated with each of the refrigerants A1 to A3 has been found to be acceptable.

Example 9B. commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Variable Flow Refrigerant

A commercial air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow, comprising a POE lubricant in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight of lubricant) and ADM according to the invention (lubricant A building was configured to supply cooled or heated air according to Example 9A, stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time, after which the lubricant was tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Comparative Example 1 - Heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant and lubricant and BHT

The heat transfer composition of the present invention is tested according to the standard [ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems"] to simulate the long-term stability of the heat transfer composition by accelerated aging. did. The refrigerant tested consisted of 41 wt % R-32, 3.5 wt % R-125 and 55.5 wt % CF3I, with 1.7 vol % air in the refrigerant. The tested POE lubricant was ISO 32 POE with a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of up to 300 ppm (Lubricant A). Stabilizer BHT is included with lubricant, but alkylated naphthalene and ADM are not included. After the test, the fluid was observed for clarity and the total acid number (TAN) was determined. The TAN value is considered to reflect the stability of the lubricant in the fluid under the conditions of use in the heat transfer composition. Fluids were also tested for the presence of trifluoromethane (R-23), which is believed to be a decomposition product of CF3I and is therefore considered to reflect refrigerant stability.

Experiments were conducted by making sealed tubes containing 50% by weight of R-466a refrigerant and 50% by weight of the indicated lubricants (each degassed). Each tube contains coupons in steel, copper, aluminum and bronze. Stability was tested by placing the sealed tube in an oven maintained at about 175° C. for 14 days. The results were as follows:

Lubricant Appearance - Yellow to Brown

TAN -> 2 mgKOH/g

R-23 ->1 wt%

Example 10 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 2% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4), based on the weight of the lubricant, was added. The results (denoted E10) are reported in Table 10 below along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (denoted CE1).

[Table 10]

As can be seen from the data above, the refrigerant/lubricant fluid without the alkylate naphthalene stabilizer according to the present invention exhibits a less than ideal visual appearance and relatively high TAN and R-23 values. This result was achieved despite the inclusion of a BHT stabilizer. In contrast, the addition of 2% alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention results in dramatic and unexpected improvements in all tested stability results, including dramatic order of magnitude improvements in both TAN and R-23 concentrations. .

Example 11 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 4 wt. % alkylated naphthalene (AN4), based on the weight of the lubricant, was added. The results were similar to those of Example 10.

Example 12 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 6 wt % alkylated naphthalene (AN4), based on the weight of the lubricant, was added. The results were similar to those of Example 10.

Example 13 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 8 wt. % alkylated naphthalene (AN4), based on the weight of the lubricant, was added. The results were similar to those of Example 10.

Example 14 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4), based on the weight of the lubricant, was added. The results (denoted E14) are reported in Table 11 below along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (denoted CE1) and Example 10 (denoted E10).

[Table 11]

As can be seen from the data above, refrigerant/lubricant fluids with 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer (no ADM) showed significant improvement in stabilization performance for each criterion tested, compared to fluids with an AN level of 2%. Shows deterioration unexpectedly.

Example 15 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 14 was repeated except that in addition to 10 wt. % alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of lubricant added, 1000 wt ppm (0.1 wt. %) of ADM (ADM4) was also added. . The results (denoted E15) are reported in Table 12 below along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (denoted CE1), Example 10 (denoted E10) and Example 14 (denoted E14).

[Table 12]

As can be seen from the data above, the refrigerant/lubricant fluid with 10 wt % alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and 0.1 wt % (1000 ppm) ADM unexpectedly shows the best performance, and the R-23 value is from Example 10. Much better than excellent results.

Example 16 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 15 was repeated except that the lubricant was ISO 74 POE (Lubricant B) having a viscosity of about 74 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The results were as follows:

Lubricant appearance - clear to slightly yellow

TAN - <0.1 mgKOH/g

R-23 - <0.05 wt%

Example 17 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 15 was repeated except that the lubricant was ISO 68 PVE (lubricant c) having a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of not more than 300 ppm. The results were as follows:

Lubricant Appearance - Very Transparent

TAN - <0.1 mgKOH/g

R-23 - 0.028 wt%

Example 18 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Composition Containing Refrigerant and Lubricant

The test of Example 15 was repeated except that the lubricant was ISO 32 PVE (lubricant c) having a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of not more than 300 ppm. The results were similar to those from Example 17.

Example 19 - Miscibility with POE Oil

The compatibility of ISO POE-32 oils (with a viscosity of about 32 cSt at a temperature of 40° C.) as specified in Table 1 for Example 1 above, respectively, as lubricants and refrigerants for refrigerants A1 and A3 and R-410A refrigerants were tested for different weight ratios and different temperatures. The results of this test are reported in Table 11 below:

[Table 13]

As can be seen from the table above, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil below about -22°C, and thus R-410A is incompatible with POE oil at low temperatures without taking measures to overcome the buildup of POE oil in the evaporator. It cannot be used in refrigeration applications. Moreover, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil above 50°C, which will cause problems in condensers and liquid lines when R-410A is used in high ambient conditions (e.g., separated POE oil will entrap and will accumulate). In contrast, Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that the refrigerants of the present invention are fully miscible with POE oils over the temperature range of -40°C to 80°C, providing significant and unexpected advantages when used in such systems.

The invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following numbered embodiments. The subject matter of the numbered embodiments may be further combined with subject matter from the detailed description or from one or more claims.

first embodiment . A heat transfer comprising a refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), a lubricant comprising a POE and/or PVE lubricant, and a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene. composition.

Second embodiment. The heat transfer composition of the first embodiment, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant.

Third embodiment. The heat transfer composition of the first embodiment, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount from 1.5% to less than 10%.

4th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of the first embodiment, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 8%.

Fifth embodiment. The heat transfer composition of the first embodiment, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 6%.

6th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of the first embodiment, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to less than 5%.

Seventh embodiment. The method according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is selected from AN1, or AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10; heat transfer composition.

Eighth embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5.

9th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5.

Tenth embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN5.

11th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10.

12th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10.

Thirteenth embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN10.

14th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments, wherein the stabilizer further comprises ADM.

15th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to 14 embodiments, wherein the ADM comprises ADM4.

Sixteenth embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to fifteenth embodiments, wherein the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

Seventeenth embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to fifteenth embodiments, wherein the ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4.

18th embodiment. The stabilizer according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the stabilizer is stabilizer 1, stabilizer 2, stabilizer 3, stabilizer 4, stabilizer 5, stabilizer 6, stabilizer 7, stabilizer 8, stabilizer 9, stabilizer 10, stabilizer 11, A heat transfer composition selected from stabilizer 12, stabilizer 13, stabilizer 14, stabilizer 15, stabilizer 16, stabilizer 17, stabilizer 18, stabilizer 19, stabilizer 20.

19th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the lubricant comprises POE.

20th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE.

Twenty-first embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists of POE.

22nd embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to twenty-first embodiments, wherein the lubricant comprises lubricant 1.

Twenty-third embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to twenty-first embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of lubricant 1.

24th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to twenty-first embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists of lubricant 1.

25th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE.

26th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to twentieth embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of PVE.

27th embodiment. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to twenty-first embodiments, wherein the lubricant consists of PVE.

28th embodiment. The heat transfer of any one of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the composition further comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives. composition.

29th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of embodiments 1-28, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Thirty embodiment. The heat transfer composition of embodiments 1-30, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound.

31st embodiment. The alkylated naphthalene according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments and thirteenth to thirtieth embodiments, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019 and KR-005FG.

Thirty-two embodiment. The alkylated naphthalene according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6 and 13 to 30, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is at least one of NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG. , heat transfer composition.

Thirty-third embodiment . The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-008.

34th embodiment. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the stabilizer is 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol including 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol);2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl)sulfide; Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol and A heat transfer composition comprising a phenolic compound selected from t-butyl hydroquinone.

35th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 30-34, wherein the stabilizer comprises BHT.

36th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 30-34, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT.

37th embodiment. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 30-34, wherein the phenol consists of BHT.

38th embodiment. 30 to 34 embodiments, wherein the phenol is greater than 0 wt%, preferably 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% % to about 1 weight percent of the heat transfer composition, wherein the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

39th embodiment. 30 to 34 embodiments, wherein the phenol is greater than 0 wt%, preferably 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 4 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% present in the heat transfer composition in an amount of % to 4% by weight, wherein the weight percentage refers to the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

Claims (15)

A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant comprising a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of from 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleting moiety (ADM). 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the stabilizer comprises from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene and from 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. 6. The heat transfer composition of claim 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises from about 40% to about 95% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene and from 1% to about 20% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The heat transfer composition of claim 6 , wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5 and the ADM comprises ADM4. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. The heat transfer composition of claim 8 , wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT. (a) a lubricant selected from POE lubricants and PVE lubricants; and (b) a stabilizer comprising from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the stabilizer, as a stabilizer. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 10 , wherein the lubricant comprises a neopentyl POE lubricant having a viscosity at 40° C. of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt as measured according to ASTM D445. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 11 , wherein the stabilizer further comprises from 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. 13. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 12, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 13 , wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10, the ADM consists essentially of ADM4, and further comprises BHT.