KR20210094059A - Connection establishment method and terminal device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a connection establishment method and a terminal device. The method includes: The terminal device first acquires historical data of the MPTCP connection established between the terminal device and the application server. Since the history data includes a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to a Wi-Fi network and a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to a cellular network, the terminal device determines whether to transmit data based on the history data. The delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, and the first TCP connection to the application server is established through the interface of the cellular network. After the first TCP connection is successfully established, the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network.

Description

Connection establishment method and terminal device

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201811593656.3 entitled "Connection Establishing Method and Terminal Device", filed with the Chinese Intellectual Property Office on December 25, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

This application relates to the field of terminal technology, and more particularly, to a connection establishment method and a terminal device.

Multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) is an extension of TCP that uses parallel transmission of multiple TCP connections to increase resource utilization and improve connection failure recovery performance. For example, when a user is watching a video, a mobile phone simultaneously transmits a data stream over a TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network and the cellular network, respectively. In this way, greater aggregated bandwidth can be provided, download speeds are faster, frame freezing is reduced, and playback is smoother.

Currently, the MPTCP establishment method is to first establish the first TCP connection in the Wi-Fi network, and then establish the second TCP connection in the cellular network after the first TCP connection is established successfully. However, if the data transfer delay of the first TCP connection is very large, the second TCP connection is only established after a relatively long period of time; Alternatively, if the first TCP connection is not established successfully, the second TCP connection cannot be established successfully either.

The present application provides a connection establishment method and a terminal device for solving the large data transmission delay problem of the first TCP connection in the conventional MPTCP.

According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a connection establishment method, and the method is applicable to a terminal device. The method includes: A terminal device first acquires historical data of an MPTCP connection established between the terminal device and the application server. Since the historical data includes data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network and the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, the terminal device determines the delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network based on the history data. If it is determined to be less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the corresponding TCP connection to the Wi-Fi network, it establishes the first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network, and after the first TCP connection is established successfully, The terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server via the interface of the Wi-Fi network.

In a possible design, when it is determined based on the historical data that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, the terminal device connects to the interface of the Wi-Fi network. establishes a first TCP connection to the application server through the cellular network, and after the first TCP connection is successfully established, the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network.

In this embodiment of the present application, since the terminal device first establishes the first TCP connection through the interface of the network having a relatively small data transmission delay, it is possible to reduce the time required to establish the first TCP connection in the MPTCP connection, This reduces the playback start delay and improves the user experience.

인 경우, 단말 장치는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 작거나 같다고 결정하거나; 또는

인 경우, 단말 장치는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 크다고 결정한다.After acquiring the MPTCP connection history data established between the terminal device and the application server in a possible design, the terminal device according to Equations 1 to 3, the first average value and standard deviation of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network , and calculates a second average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network.

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.

(수식 1);

(Equation 1);

(수식 2); 및

(Equation 2); and

(수식 3)이고,

(Equation 3) and

는 제1 평균값,

는 제2 평균값,

는 표준 편차,

내지

은 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, N은 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량,

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, M은 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량이다.

is the first average value,

is the second average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network.

In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal device accurately obtains a target network using a TCP connection with a relatively small data transmission delay through calculation, and then establishes the first TCP connection through the interface of the network with a relatively small data transmission delay. can be built

)을 더 계산할 수 있다.

이면 단말 장치는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 작거나 같다고 결정하거나; 또는

이면 단말 장치는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 큰 것으로 결정한다.In another possible design, the terminal device has the second weighted average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network according to equation (4)

) can be further calculated.

the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

The terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.

(수식 4),

(Equation 4),

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, M은 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량,

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 가중치,

는 제2 가중 평균값이다.here,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,

inside

is the weight of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,

is the second weighted average value.

In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal device accurately obtains a target network having a TCP connection having a relatively small data transmission delay through other calculations, and then, through a network interface having a relatively small data transmission delay, a first TCP connection can be built

In a possible design, when the historical data further includes the identifier of the application, the identifier of the cellular network, and the identifier of the Wi-Fi network, the terminal device, first from the history data, a target of the same identifier as the identifier of the application corresponding to the application server determine a data transmission delay set of the TCP connection, and then determine a first data transmission delay of an identifier equal to the identifier of the current cellular network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the cellular network, Wi - determine a second data transmission delay of the same identifier as the identifier of the current Wi-Fi network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the Fi network, the first data transmission delay and the second data transmission It may be determined based on the delay that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.

In the present embodiment of this application, the terminal device accurately determines a network with a relatively small data transmission delay by filtering data in the historical data, and selecting data having the same application identifier and the same access point.

In a possible design, the terminal device calculates a second weighted average value of the second data transmission delay, wherein a TCP connection with a faster establishment time has a lower weight of the second data transmission delay. When the sum of the first average value and the two standard deviations is less than or equal to the second average value and the sum of the first average value and the two standard deviations is less than or equal to the second weighted average value, the terminal device determines the Wi-Fi network as the target network, and , otherwise determine the cellular network as the target network.

In a possible design, the terminal device determines from the historical data that the first data transmission delay and the second data transmission delay do not exist.

When both the interface of the Wi-Fi network and the interface of the cellular network can be used, the terminal device determines that the cellular network is an LTE network. When the received signal strength RSSI of the LTE network is greater than the set value, the terminal device determines that the target network is an LTE network, otherwise determines that the target network is a Wi-Fi network.

In a possible design, the terminal device stores the data transmission delay of the two currently established TCP connections. In this way the target network can be calculated at a subsequent point in time.

In a possible design, the packet is sent to a base station of a cellular network accessed by the terminal device, where the packet is used to activate the cellular network of the terminal device. In this way, the data transmission delay can be reduced to about 200 ms.

According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device including a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store one or more computer programs. When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device may implement the method in any possible design in any one of the above aspects.

According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus. The apparatus comprises modules/units for carrying out the method in any one of the aforementioned aspects in any possible design. These modules/units may be implemented in hardware or may be implemented in hardware by executing corresponding software.

According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed in a terminal device, the terminal device may perform the method in any possible design in any one of the above-described aspects.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is executed in a terminal, the terminal device may carry out the method in any possible design in any of the above aspects.

These or other aspects of the present application are clearer and easier to understand in the description of the following examples.

1 is a system architecture of an MPTCP application according to an embodiment of the present application.
2 is a structural diagram of a data transmission system in a multi-network deployment according to an embodiment of the present application.
3 is a schematic diagram of extending a TCP protocol stack to an MPTCP protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present application.
4 is a schematic diagram of an MPTCP implementation process according to an embodiment of the present application.
5 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application.
6 is a schematic architecture diagram of an Android system according to an embodiment of the present application.
7 is a schematic diagram of an MPTCP establishment process according to the present technology.
8 is a schematic diagram of an MPTCP establishment process according to an embodiment of the present application.
9 is a schematic flowchart 1 of a connection establishment method according to an embodiment of the present application.
do. 10A and 10B are schematic flowchart 2 of a connection establishment method according to an embodiment of the present application.
11 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for establishing a connection according to an embodiment of the present application.
12 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application.

The following describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" mentioned below are for the purpose of description only, and are intended as an indication of the relative importance of the corresponding technical feature or as an implied or implicit indication of quantity. should not be understood Thus, a function limited by “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more functions. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise stated.

The connection establishment method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to data transmission in a wireless communication system. The data receiving end exchanges data with the data transmitting end using a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a core network, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection is additionally established between the data transmitting end and the data receiving end. can be, and the data is transmitted using the TCP protocol. 1 , in a wireless communication system, a terminal device exchanges data with an application server. The terminal device is connected to the RAN through the air interface and connected to the application server through the core network. The network between the terminal and the RAN may be referred to as a wireless network, and the network between the RAN and the application server may be referred to as a wired network. A TCP connection is established and data transfer is performed between the application server and the terminal.

The application server may be a server in a server cluster. For example, different video segments of a video application may be deployed on different servers. The application server may be a server.

BACKGROUND With the development of communication technology, a communication system has developed into a communication architecture in which a plurality of communication networks are deployed together. The terminal may access one or more communication networks for communication. For example, when the communication network is a local area network, the communication network is a short-range communication network such as a Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi) network, a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, or a near field communication (NFC) network. can be For example, if the communication network is a wide area network, the communication network is a 3rd generation mobile communication technology (3G) network, a 4th generation mobile communication technology (4G) network, a 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) network, a future evolved public terrestrial It may be a mobile network (PLMN) or the Internet.

For example, in a communication system in which a Wi-Fi network and a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network are deployed in FIG. 2 , the terminal accesses the Wi-Fi network to an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) or trustee performing data transfer with the application server using a trusted gateway (TGW); Alternatively, by accessing the LTE network, data transmission with the application server may be performed using a Serving Gateway (SGW) or a Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW).

The deployment of heterogeneous networks facilitates the development of multi-path data transmission services. Currently, the TCP protocol is extended to obtain the MPTCP protocol, which is used to enable services to transmit data using multi-path network resources. For example, referring to FIG. 2 , a mobile phone performs data transmission with an application server using a Wi-Fi network resource and an LTE network resource. 3 is a schematic diagram of extending the TCP protocol stack to the MPTCP protocol stack. In the TCP protocol stack, the data stream of the application layer is transmitted using one TCP connection. In the MPTCP protocol stack, the transport layer is divided into two lower layers: the MPTCP layer and the TCP layer, and the data stream of the application layer is transmitted using two TCP connections decomposed by the MPTCP layer.

4 is a schematic diagram of a usage scenario of MPTCP. In Fig. 4, two TCP connections are established between the terminal device and the application server. One TCP connection uses Wi-Fi network resources and the other TCP connection uses LTE network resources. The MPTCP layer of the application server splits the TCP flow into two TCP subflows and then sends the two TCP subflows individually to the end device using the two TCP connections. After receiving the two TCP subflows, the terminal device combines the two subflows and then sends the two subflows to the application layer.

In some embodiments of the present application, the terminal device of the wireless communication system shown in FIG. 1 is a portable terminal device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, which further includes other functions such as a personal digital assistant function and/or a music playback function, or , it may be a wearable device (eg, a smart watch) having a wireless communication function. Exemplary embodiments of portable terminal devices include, but are not limited to, portable terminal devices using iOS®, Android®, Microsoft® or other operating systems. Alternatively, the portable terminal device may be another portable terminal device, for example a laptop (notebook) computer with a touch-sensitive surface (eg, a touch panel). It should be understood that in some other embodiments of the present application, the terminal device may alternatively be a desktop computer having a touch-sensitive surface (eg, a touch panel), but may not be a portable terminal device.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , in the present embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone. The following uses a mobile phone as an example to describe this embodiment in detail.

The mobile phone includes a processor 110 , an external memory interface 120 , an internal memory 121 , a USB interface 130 , a charge management module 140 , a power management module 141 , a battery 142 , an antenna 1 , an antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, audio module 170, speaker 170A, phone receiver 170B, microphone 170C, headset interface 170D, sensor module 180, It may include a key 190 , a motor 191 , an indicator 192 , a camera 193 , a display screen 194 , a SIM card interface 195 , and the like. The sensor module 180 includes a pressure sensor 180A, a gyro sensor 180B, a barometric pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, an optical proximity sensor 180G, and a fingerprint. It may include a sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, and the like.

It can be understood that the structure shown in this embodiment of the present invention does not constitute a specific limitation for the mobile phone. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mobile phone may include more or fewer components, combine some components, divide some components, or have a different component arrangement than shown in the drawings. . The components shown in the drawings may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

The processor 110 may include one or more processing units. For example, the processor 110 may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a memory, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor and / or may include a neural-network processing unit (NPU). Other processing units may be independent components or may be integrated into one or more processors.

The controller may be the nerve center and command center of the mobile phone. The controller may generate an operation control signal based on the instruction opcode and the time sequence signal to complete control of the instruction reading and instruction execution.

A memory may be further disposed in the processor 110 , and is configured to store instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory of the processor 110 is a high-speed cache memory. The memory may store instructions or data just used or periodically used by the processor 110 . When the processor 110 needs to reuse the instruction or data, the processor 110 may directly call the instruction or data from memory. This prevents repeated access and reduces the latency of the processor 110 to improve system efficiency.

In some embodiments, processor 110 may include one or more interfaces. The interfaces include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter ( universal asynchronous receiver/trnasmitter (UART) interface, mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, subscriber identity module (SIM) interface , a universal serial bus (USB) interface, and/or the like.

The I2C interface is a bidirectional synchronous serial bus and includes a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). In some embodiments, the processor 110 may include a plurality of I2C bus groups. The processor 110 may be individually coupled to the touch sensor 180K, charger, flash, camera 193, and the like through different I2C bus interfaces. For example, the processor 110 may be connected to the touch sensor 180K through the I2C interface, and the processor 110 may communicate with the touch sensor 180K through the I2C bus interface to implement a touch function of the mobile phone.

The I2S interface may be configured to perform audio communication. In some embodiments, the processor 110 may include a plurality of I2S bus groups. The processor 110 may be connected to the audio module 170 through an I2S bus to implement communication between the processor 110 and the audio module 170 . In some embodiments, the audio module 170 may transmit an audio signal to the wireless communication module 160 through an I2S interface to implement a function of receiving a call using a Bluetooth headset.

The PCM interface may be configured to perform audio communication and to sample, quantize, and code an analog signal. In some embodiments, the audio module 170 may be coupled to the wireless communication module 160 via a PCM bus interface. In some embodiments, the audio module 170 may alternatively transmit an audio signal to the wireless communication module 160 via the PCM interface to implement the function of answering a call using a Bluetooth headset. Both the I2S interface and the PCM interface may be configured to perform audio communication.

The UART interface is a universal serial data bus and is configured to perform asynchronous communication. The bus may be a bidirectional communication bus. In some embodiments, the UART interface is generally configured to connect the processor 110 to the wireless communication module 160 . For example, the processor 110 communicates with a Bluetooth module in the wireless communication module 160 through a UART interface to implement a Bluetooth function. In some embodiments, the audio module 170 may transmit an audio signal to the wireless communication module 160 through a UART interface to implement a music playback function using a Bluetooth headset.

The MIPI interface may be configured to connect the processor 110 to a peripheral component such as a display screen 194 or a camera 193 . The MIPI interface includes a camera serial interface (CSI), a display serial interface (DSI), and the like. In some embodiments, the processor 110 communicates with the camera 193 via a CSI interface to implement the imaging function of the mobile phone. The processor 110 communicates with the display screen 194 through the DSI interface to implement the display function of the mobile phone.

The GPIO interface is configurable through software. The GPIO interface can be configured as a control signal or a data signal. In some embodiments, the GPIO interface may be configured to connect the processor 110 to the camera 193 , the display screen 194 , the wireless communication module 160 , the audio module 170 , the sensor module 180 , and the like. The GPIO interface may alternatively be configured as an I2C interface, an I2S interface, a UART interface, a MIPI interface, or the like.

The USB interface 130 is an interface conforming to the USB standard specification, and specifically, may be a mini USB interface, a micro USB interface, a USB Type-C interface, or the like. The USB interface can be configured to connect to a charger to charge the phone, transfer data between the phone and peripherals, or connect a headset to play audio using the headset. Alternatively, the interface may be configured to connect to another terminal device, such as an AR device.

It will be understood that the interface connection relationship between the modules shown in this embodiment of the present invention is merely an example for description and does not constitute a limitation on the structure of the mobile phone. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mobile phone may alternatively use an interface connection method different from the above-described embodiment, or may use a combination of a plurality of interface connection methods.

The charge management module 140 is configured to receive a charge input from the charger. The charger may be a wireless charger or a wired charger. In some embodiments of wired charging, the charging management module 140 may receive a charging input of the wired charger through a USB interface. In some embodiments of wireless charging, the charging management module 140 may receive a wireless charging input using a wireless charging coil of the mobile phone. The charge management module 140 supplies power to the terminal device using the power management module 141 while charging the battery 142 .

The power management module 141 is configured to connect the battery 142 and the charge management module 140 to the processor 110 . The power management module 141 receives an input from the battery 142 and/or the charge management module 140 and receives an input from the processor 110 , internal memory 121 , external memory, display screen 194 , camera 193 , and wireless Power is supplied to the communication module 160 and the like. The power management module 141 may be further configured to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle count, and battery status (e.g. leakage or impedance). In some other embodiments, the power management module 141 may alternatively be located in the processor 110 . In some other embodiments, the power management module 141 and the charge management module 140 may alternatively be disposed on the same device.

The wireless communication function of the mobile phone may be implemented using the antenna module 1 , the antenna module 2 , the mobile communication module 150 , the wireless communication module 160 , a modem processor, a baseband processor, and the like.

Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 are configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna of a mobile phone may be configured to cover one or more communication bands. Other antennas may be additionally multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, a cellular network antenna may be multiplexed into a wireless local area network diversity antenna. In some other embodiments, the antenna may be used in combination with a tuning switch.

The mobile communication module 150 may provide a wireless communication solution including 2G/3G/4G/5G and the like and applied to a mobile phone. The mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, a switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and the like. The mobile communication module 150 may receive an electromagnetic wave through antenna 1, perform processing such as filtering or amplification on the received electromagnetic wave, and transmit the processed electromagnetic wave to a modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 may further amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor and convert the signal into an electromagnetic wave to radiate through the antenna 1 . In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be disposed in the processor 110 . In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least some modules of the processor 110 may be disposed in the same device.

The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator is configured to modulate a low frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into an intermediate or high frequency signal. The demodulator is configured to demodulate the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low frequency baseband signal. Then, the demodulator transmits the low-frequency baseband signal obtained through demodulation to the baseband processor for processing. The low frequency baseband signal is processed by the baseband processor and then sent to the application processor. The application processor outputs a sound signal using an audio device (not limited to the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, etc.) or displays an image or a moving picture using the display screen 194 . In some embodiments, the modem processor may be an independent component. In some other embodiments, the modem processor may be independent of the processor 110 and is disposed in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional module.

Wireless communication module 160 includes wireless local area network (WLAN), Bluetooth (Bluetooth, BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR) technology, etc. We can provide solutions applied to mobile phones for wireless communication. The wireless communication module 160 may be one or more components integrated into at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 160 receives the electromagnetic wave through the antenna 2 , performs frequency modulation and filtering processing on the electromagnetic wave signal, and transmits the processed signal to the processor 110 . The wireless communication module 160 may also receive a signal to be transmitted from the processor 110 , perform frequency modulation and amplification on the signal, and convert the signal into an electromagnetic wave to radiate through the antenna 2 .

In some embodiments, the mobile phone's antenna 1 and the mobile communication module 150 are coupled, and the mobile phone's antenna 2 and the wireless communication module 160 are coupled, so that the mobile phone uses wireless communication technology to network and other devices. can communicate with Wireless communication technologies include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), It may include long-term evolution (LTE), BT, GMS, WLAN, NFC, FM, IR technologies, and the like. GNSS may include Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Pseudo Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and/or Satellite Based Augmented System (SBAS), and the like.

A mobile phone implements a display function by using a GPU, a display screen 194, an application processor, and the like. The GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, and connects the display screen 194 and the application processor. The GPU is configured to perform mathematical and geometric calculations and render images. The processor 110 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions for generating or changing display information.

The display screen 194 is configured to display images, moving pictures, and the like. The display screen 194 includes a display panel. As the display panel, LCD, OLED, active matrix organic light emitting diode or active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED), flexible light emitting diode (FLED), mini LED, micro LED, micro OLED, quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED), etc. may be used. In some embodiments, a mobile phone may include one or N display screens, where N is a positive integer greater than one.

The mobile phone may implement a shooting function using an ISP, a camera 193 , a video codec, a GPU, a display screen 194 , an application processor, and the like.

The ISP is configured to process data fed back by the camera 193 . For example, when the shutter is pressed during shooting, light is transmitted through the lens to the photosensitive element of the camera. The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the photosensitive element of the camera sends the electrical signal to the ISP for processing, converting the electrical signal into a visible image. The ISP may further perform algorithmic optimizations for noise, brightness, and complexion in the image. ISPs can further optimize parameters such as exposure and color temperature of the shooting scenario. In some embodiments, an ISP may be located in the camera 193 .

Camera 193 is configured to capture static images or video. An optical image of the object is created through the lens and projected onto a photosensitive element. The photosensitive device may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photoelectric transistor. The photosensitive element converts an optical signal into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the ISP to convert the electrical signal into a digital image signal. The ISP outputs the digital image signal to the DSP for processing. DSP converts digital image signals into standard image signals such as RGB format and YUV format. In some embodiments, a mobile phone may include one or N cameras, where N is a positive integer greater than one.

The digital signal processor is configured to process a digital signal, and may process a digital signal other than a digital image signal. For example, when a mobile phone selects a frequency, the digital signal processor is configured to perform a Fourier transform on frequency energy and the like.

A video codec is configured to compress or decompress digital video. A mobile phone may support more than one video codec. In this way, the mobile phone can reproduce or record video in a plurality of coding formats such as MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4.

An NPU is a neural network (NN) computing processor. NPUs can quickly process input information and continuously perform self-learning by referencing the structure of biological neural networks, such as transmission modes between neurons in the human brain. Applications such as intelligent recognition of mobile phones, such as image recognition, face recognition, speech recognition, and text understanding, can be implemented using NPUs.

The external memory interface 120 may be connected to an external storage card such as a micro SD card to expand the storage capacity of the mobile phone. The external storage card implements a data storage function by communicating with the processor 110 through the external memory interface 120 . For example, files such as music and videos are stored on an external storage card.

The internal memory 121 may be configured to store computer executable program code. Executable program code contains instructions. The processor 110 executes instructions stored in the internal memory 121 to execute various functional applications and data processing of the mobile phone. The memory 121 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (eg, a sound reproduction function or an image reproduction function), and the like. The data storage area may store data (eg, audio data or an address book) generated when the mobile phone is used. In addition, the memory 121 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may further include at least one disk storage device, a flash memory, or a non-volatile memory such as a universal flash storage (UFS).

The mobile phone may implement an audio function such as music reproduction or recording by using the audio module 170 , the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, the microphone 170C, the headset interface 170D, an application processor, and the like.

The audio module 170 is configured to convert digital audio information to an analog audio signal for output, and is also configured to convert an analog audio input to a digital audio signal. Audio module 170 may also be configured to code and decode audio signals. In some embodiments, the audio module 170 may be disposed in the processor 110 , or some functional modules of the audio module 170 may be disposed in the processor 110 .

A speaker 170A, also referred to as a “horn”, is configured to convert an audio electrical signal into a sound signal. The mobile phone can listen to music or make a hands-free call using the speaker 170A.

Receiver 170B, also referred to as an “earpiece,” is configured to convert an audio electrical signal into a sound signal. When receiving a call or receiving voice information using a mobile phone, the receiver 170B may be placed close to a person's ear to hear the voice.

Microphone 170C, also referred to as a “microphone,” is configured to convert a sound signal into an electrical signal. When a user makes a call or sends voice information, the user may move a person's mouth close to the microphone 170C to make a sound and input a sound signal to the microphone 170C. At least one microphone 170C may be disposed in the mobile phone. In some other embodiments, two microphones may be placed in the mobile phone to collect sound signals and further implement a noise reduction function. In some other embodiments, three, four, or more microphones may alternatively be used to collect sound signals, reduce noise, further identify sound sources, implement directional recording functions, etc. can be placed in

The headset interface 170D is configured to connect to a wired headset. The headset interface may be a USB interface, a 3.5mm open mobile terminal platform (OMTP) standard interface, or a cellular communications industry association (CTIA) standard interface.

The pressure sensor 180A is configured to sense a pressure signal, and may convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, pressure sensor 180A may be disposed on display screen 194 . The pressure sensor 180A has a plurality of types, such as a resistive pressure sensor, an inductive pressure sensor, and a capacitive pressure sensor, for example. The capacitive pressure sensor may comprise at least two parallel plates made of a conductive material. When a force is applied to the pressure sensor 180A, the capacitance between the electrodes changes. The mobile phone determines the pressure strength according to the change in capacitance. When a touch operation is performed on the display screen 194, the mobile phone senses the intensity of the touch operation using the pressure sensor 180A. The mobile phone may calculate the touch position based on the sensing signal of the pressure sensor 180A. In some embodiments, touch manipulations performed at the same touch location but with different touch manipulation strengths may correspond to different manipulation commands. For example, when a touch operation in which the touch operation intensity is less than the first pressure threshold is performed on the message icon, the SMS message view command is executed. When a touch operation with a touch operation intensity equal to or greater than the first pressure threshold is performed on the message icon, a new SMS message creation command is executed.

The gyro sensor 180B may determine the moving posture of the mobile phone. In some embodiments, the angular velocity of the mobile phone around three axes (ie, the x, y, and z axes) may be determined using the gyro sensor 180B. The gyro sensor 180B may be configured to perform handshake correction while photographing. For example, the gyro sensor 180B detects the angle at which the mobile phone shakes when the shutter is pressed, calculates the angle according to the angle, and obtains the distance that the lens module needs to compensate. Enables the mobile phone to cancel jitter. The gyro sensor 180B may also be used in navigation and motion sensing game scenarios.

The barometric pressure sensor 180C is configured to measure barometric pressure. In some embodiments, the mobile phone calculates altitude using the barometric pressure measured by barometric pressure sensor 180C to aid in positioning and navigation.

The magnetic sensor 180D includes a Hall sensor. The mobile phone may detect opening and closing of the flip-type smart cover by using the magnetic sensor 180D. In some embodiments, if the mobile phone is a clamshell phone, the mobile phone may detect opening/closing of the flip cover based on the magnetic sensor 180D. In addition, functions such as automatic unlocking of the flip cover are set based on the detected open/closed state of the smart cover or the sensed open/closed state of the flip cover.

The acceleration sensor 180E may detect acceleration values in various directions (mainly three axes) of the mobile phone. When the phone is still, the value and direction of gravity can be detected. The acceleration sensor 180E may be further configured to identify the posture of the terminal device, and may be applied to switching between a landscape mode and a portrait mode or an application such as a pedometer.

The distance sensor 180F is configured to measure a distance. Cell phones can measure distances through infrared or lasers. In some embodiments, in a shooting scenario, the mobile phone may measure the distance using the distance sensor 180F to implement fast focus.

The optical proximity sensor 180G may include a light emitting diode (LED) and a photo detector (eg, a photo diode). The light emitting diode may be an infrared light emitting diode. Mobile phones use light emitting diodes to emit infrared light. A mobile phone uses a photodiode to detect infrared reflected light from a nearby object. When enough reflected light is detected, it can be determined that there is an object around the mobile phone. If the reflected light is insufficient, it can be determined that there are no objects around the mobile phone. The mobile phone may use the optical proximity sensor 180G to detect that the user is making a call while holding the mobile phone close to the ear, and may automatically turn off the screen to save power. The optical proximity sensor 180G can also be used in smart cover mode or pocket mode to automatically unlock or lock the screen.

Ambient light sensor 180L is configured to sense the brightness of ambient light. The mobile phone may adaptively adjust the brightness of the display screen 194 according to the detected brightness of ambient light. Ambient light sensor 180L may be configured to automatically adjust white balance during shooting. Ambient light sensor 180L may also work with optical proximity sensor 180G to detect whether the phone is in a pocket to prevent accidental touch.

The fingerprint sensor 180H is configured to collect fingerprints. The mobile phone can implement fingerprint unlocking, application access locking, fingerprinting, fingerprint call answering, and the like by using the characteristics of the collected fingerprints.

The temperature sensor 180J is configured to sense a temperature. In some embodiments, the mobile phone executes a temperature treatment policy based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 180J. For example, if the temperature reported by the temperature sensor 180J exceeds a threshold, the mobile phone will degrade the processor performance near the temperature sensor 180J to reduce power consumption for thermal protection. In some other embodiments, when the temperature is below another threshold, the cell phone heats the battery 142 to prevent the cell phone from shutting down abnormally due to the low temperature. In some other embodiments, when the temperature is below another threshold, the mobile phone boosts the output voltage of the battery 142 to avoid abnormal shutdown due to low temperature.

The touch sensor 180K is also referred to as a “touch panel” and may be disposed on the display screen 194 . Touch sensor 180K is configured to sense a touch operation performed at or near touch sensor 180K. The touch sensor 180K may transmit the sensed touch operation to the application processor to determine a type of a touch event, and provide a corresponding visual output using the display screen 194 . In some other embodiments, the touch sensor 180K may alternatively be disposed on the surface of the mobile phone, and may be in a different location than the display screen 194 .

The bone conduction sensor 180M may acquire a vibration signal. In some embodiments, the bone conduction sensor 180M may acquire a vibration signal of a vibrating bone of a human vocal cord. The bone conduction sensor 180M may also receive a blood pressure pulse signal in contact with a human pulse. In some embodiments, bone conduction sensor 180M may also be disposed on the headset. The audio module 170 may obtain a voice signal through parsing based on a vibration signal obtained by the bone conduction sensor 180M based on a vibration signal of the vibrating bone of the vocal cords to implement a voice function. The application processor may implement a heart rate detection function by parsing heart rate information based on the blood pressure beating signal obtained from the bone conduction sensor 180M.

The button 190 includes a power button, a volume button, and the like. The button may be a mechanical button or a touch button. The mobile phone receives button inputs and generates button signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the mobile phone.

Motor 191 may generate a vibration prompt. Motor 191 may be configured to generate an incoming vibration prompt and touch vibration feedback. For example, a touch operation performed in different applications (eg, a shooting application and an audio playback application) may correspond to different vibration feedback effects. The motor 191 may also respond to different vibration feedback effects for touch operations performed in different regions of the display screen 194 . Different application scenarios (eg, time reminder, information reception, alarm clock, game, etc.) may also correspond to different vibration feedback effects. The touch vibration feedback effect can be further customized.

Indicator 192 may be an indicator light and may be configured to indicate charging status and power changes, or may be configured to display messages, missed calls, notifications, and the like.

The SIM card interface 195 is configured to couple to a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The SIM card may be inserted into the SIM card interface or pulled out of the SIM card interface to implement contact or disconnection with the mobile phone. A mobile phone may support one or N SIM card interfaces. where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The SIM card interface 195 may support a nano SIM card, a micro SIM card, a SIM card, and the like. Multiple cards can be simultaneously inserted into the same SIM card interface. The plurality of cards may be of the same type or of different types. SIM card interface 195 may also be compatible with different types of SIM cards. SIM card interface 195 may also be compatible with external storage cards. Mobile phones use SIM cards to interact with networks to implement functions such as calling and data communication. In some embodiments, the mobile phone uses an eSIM, ie, an embedded SIM card. The eSIM card may be built into the phone and cannot be removed from the phone. The software system of a mobile phone may use a hierarchical structure, an event-driven structure, a microkernel structure, a microservice structure, or a cloud structure. In this embodiment of the present invention, an Android system having a layered architecture is used as an example for describing the software structure of a mobile phone.

6 is a block diagram of a software structure of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In a layered architecture, software is divided into several layers, each layer having distinct roles and tasks. Layers communicate with each other through software interfaces. In some embodiments, the Android system is divided into four layers from top to bottom: the application layer, the application framework layer, the Android runtime and system libraries, and the kernel layer.

The application layer may contain a set of application packages.

As shown in FIG. 6 . Application packages such as "Camera", "Gallery", "Calendar", "Call", "Map", "Navigation", "WLAN", "Bluetooth", "Music", "Video", and "SMS Message" It can contain applications.

The application framework layer provides an application programming interface (API) and a programming framework for applications in the application layer. The application framework layer includes several predefined features.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the application framework layer may include a window manager, a content provider, a view system, a phone manager, a resource manager, a notification manager, and the like.

The window manager is configured to manage window programs. The window manager can obtain the display size, have a status bar, lock the screen, take a screenshot, and so on.

The content provider is configured to store and obtain data and to allow applications to access the data. Data may include video, images, audio, outgoing and incoming calls, search history and bookmarks, phone books, and the like.

The view system includes visual controls, such as controls that display text and controls that display pictures. The view system may be configured to organize the application. The display interface may include one or more views. For example, a display interface including a message notification icon may include a text display view and a photo display view.

The phone manager is configured to provide communication functions of the mobile phone, such as, for example, call state (including answering or rejecting) management.

The resource manager provides a variety of resources for the application, such as localized strings, icons, pictures, layout files, and video files.

The notification manager allows applications to display notification information in the status bar and can be configured to deliver notification messages. The notification manager can automatically disappear after a short pause without user interaction. For example, the notification manager is configured to notify download completion, provide message notification, and the like. The notification manager can be a notification displayed in the top status bar of the system in the form of a graph or scroll bar text (eg notifications from applications running in the background or notifications displayed in the form of a dialog on the screen). For example, text information is displayed in the status bar, a prompt tone sounds, the terminal device vibrates, or an indicator light flashes.

The Android runtime includes a kernel library and a virtual machine. The Android runtime is responsible for scheduling and managing the Android system.

The kernel library contains two parts: a function that needs to be called in the Java language and the kernel library of Android.

The application layer and application framework layer run in a virtual machine. The virtual machine runs Java files as binary files at the application layer and the application framework layer. Virtual machines are configured to perform functions such as object lifecycle management, stack management, thread management, security and exception management, and garbage collection.

The system library may include a plurality of functional modules such as a surface manager, a media library, a 3D graphics processing library (eg, OpenGL ES), and a 2D graphics engine (eg, SGL).

The surface manager is configured to manage the display subsystem and provide fusion of 2D and 3D layers for multiple applications.

The media library supports playback and recording of multiple commonly used audio and video formats, static image files, and more. The media library can support multiple audio and video coding formats such as MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG and PNG.

The 3D graphic processing library is configured to implement 3D graphic drawing, image rendering, composition, layer processing, and the like.

The 2D graphics engine is a drawing engine for 2D drawing.

The kernel layer is a layer between hardware and software. The kernel layer includes at least a display driver, a camera driver, an audio driver, and a sensor driver.

7 is a schematic diagram of an example of a conventional MPTCP establishment process. Assume that the data transmission delay required for one information transmission between the mobile phone and the application server is 200 ms when the signal of the Wi-Fi network is weak. Alternatively, assume that the data transmission delay required for one information transmission between the mobile phone and the application server is 20 ms when the signal of the LTE network is strong. In Fig. 7, in step a1, it takes 600 ms for the mobile phone to perform a 3-way handshake with the application server in the Wi-Fi network to complete the establishment of the first TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network. takes Step b1: When the first TCP connection is established successfully, the application server uses the first TCP connection to send data to the mobile phone. Step c1: The mobile phone uses the first TCP connection to send a packet with the second IP address appended to the application server. This process takes 200ms. Step d1: The application server sends confirmation information to the mobile phone of the LTE network using the second IP address. That is, the mobile phone and the application server establish a second TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network using the second IP address. This process takes 20ms. Finally, the mobile phone uses two TCP connections simultaneously to perform data transfer with the application server.

If the MPTCP construction process occurs at the playback start time of a video, video stream data is not transmitted for 600ms, but it can be seen that the playback start delay is relatively long. If the signal from the router connected to your phone is unstable and your phone doesn't have access to the internet, the first TCP connection may not be established. As a result, the MPTCP establishment fails and the video does not play properly. That is, there is a problem in that the data transmission delay of the first TCP connection is relatively long in the existing MPTCP construction method.

For the problems of the above-described MPTCP establishment method, an embodiment of the present application provides a connection establishment method. This method optimizes the MPTCP construction scheme of FIG. 7 . For example, an optimized MPTCP construction scheme is shown in FIG. 8 . Referring to FIG. 8 , in step a2, since the mobile phone first performs a three-way handshake with the application server of the LTE network, it takes only 60 ms to complete the establishment of the first TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network. Step b2: After the first TCP connection is successfully established, the application server uses the first TCP connection to send data to the mobile phone. Step c2: The mobile phone uses the first TCP connection to send a packet with the second IP address appended to the application server. This process takes 20ms. Step d2: The application server sends the acknowledgment information to the mobile phone in the Wi-Fi network using the second IP address. That is, the mobile phone and the application server establish a second TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network using the second IP address. This process takes 200ms. Finally, the mobile phone uses two TCP connections simultaneously to perform data transfer with the application server.

In Fig. 8, the first TCP connection requires only 60 ms to establish, which can achieve the goal of saving 540 ms compared to 600 ms in Fig. 7, shortening the playback start delay and improving the user experience.

That is, an embodiment of the present application provides a connection establishment method. These methods include: When the terminal device detects that both the interface of the Wi-Fi network and the interface of the cellular network are available (for example, the function switches of both the cellular network and the Wi-Fi network are turned on), the terminal device provides a relatively small data transmission delay You can first establish the first TCP connection to the application server through the interface on the network. When the first TCP connection is established successfully, the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of another network. Specifically, the terminal device may determine a target network having a relatively small data transmission delay based on the data transmission delay for each TCP connection of the MPTCP recorded in the history data. The terminal device may first establish a first TCP connection in the target network. For example, the first average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network recorded in the historical data and the sum of the two standard deviations are smaller than the second average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network. At this time, the terminal first establishes the first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network. After the first TCP connection is established successfully, a second TCP connection is established to the application server through the interface of the LTE network.

Hereinafter, a connection establishment method according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and application scenarios.

9 shows an example of a procedure of a connection establishment method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method is performed by a terminal device, and the method includes the following steps.

Step 301: The terminal device acquires history data of the MPTCP connection established between the terminal device and the application server.

The historical data includes a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network and a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network.

For example, if your phone is currently connected to both a Wi-Fi network and an LTE network in the process of playing a video in the Huawei video application, your phone will display the phone and Huawei in the last minute during the 10-minute duration of the video. You can get historical data for the three MPTCPs built between the video application servers. For example, the details of the historical data of three MPTCPs are shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

Step 302: The terminal device determines, based on the historical data, a target network having a TCP connection with a relatively small data transmission delay from the Wi-Fi network and the cellular network.

In a possible design, when the data transmission delay of the TCP connection follows a normal distribution, the terminal device according to Equations 1, 2 and 3, the first average value and standard deviation of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, In addition, the second average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network may be calculated.

(수식 1);

(Equation 1);

(수식 2);

(Equation 2);

(수식 3);

(Equation 3);

는 제1 평균값,

는 제2 평균값,

는 표준 편차,

내지

은 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, N은 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량,

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, M은 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량이다.

is the first average value,

is the second average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network.

이면, 단말 장치가 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 작거나 같다고 결정하거나; 또는

이면, 단말 장치가 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 크다고 결정한다.

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.

The standard deviation mainly reflects the jitter of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network. In Wi-Fi networks, packet loss rates in Wi-Fi networks can be high due to co-channel interference, number of accessing users, and speed limits, and data transmission delays vary greatly from moment to moment. Therefore, when selecting a target network, the terminal device should consider the average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, and further make a comprehensive decision by referring to the standard deviation. It should be noted that, since the jitter of the cellular network is relatively small, the standard deviation of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network may not be considered in this embodiment of the present application.

을 수식 1에 따라 계산하고, 수식 2에 따라 표준 편차

를 계산할 수 있다. 또한, 수식 2에 따라 LTE 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 3개의 데이터 전송 지연의 제2 평균값

를 계산한다.

+2×

가 제2 평균값

보다 작거나 같으면 휴대 전화는 Wi-Fi 네트워크가 타겟 네트워크라고 결정한다. 그렇지 않은 경우 휴대 전화는 LTE 네트워크가 타겟 네트워크라고 결정한다.For example, a mobile phone has a first average value of three data transmission delays of a TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network in Table 1.

is calculated according to Equation 1, and the standard deviation according to Equation 2

can be calculated. In addition, according to Equation 2, the second average value of the three data transmission delays of the TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network

to calculate

+2×

is the second average value

If less than or equal to, the phone determines that the Wi-Fi network is the target network. Otherwise, the mobile phone determines that the LTE network is the target network.

(수식 1);

(Equation 1);

(수식 2);

(Equation 2);

(수식 3).

(Equation 3).

In a possible design, the terminal device may set weight values of MPTCP connections established at different instants. In the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, the data transmission delay of the initially established TCP connection has a low weight. In this way, the terminal device may further calculate the second weighted average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network from the history data according to Equation 4.

(수식 4),

(Equation 4),

는 제2 가중 평균값,

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 가중치,

내지

는 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연, M은 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연의 수량이다.

is the second weighted average value,

inside

is the weight of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network.

이면, 단말 장치가 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 작거나 같다고 결정하거나; 또는

이면, 단말 장치가 셀룰러 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연이 Wi-Fi 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 데이터 전송 지연보다 크다고 결정한다.in this case,

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.

,

,

이라고 가정하면, 단말 장치는 다음 수식 4에 따라 LTE 네트워크에 대응하는 TCP 연결의 3개의 데이터 전송 지연의 제2 가중 평균값

를 더 계산할 수 있다.

+2×

가 제2 평균값

보다 작거나 같고,

+2×

가 제2 가중 평균값

보다 작거나 같으면, 휴대 전화는 Wi-Fi 네트워크가 타겟 네트워크라고 결정한다. 그렇지 않은 경우 휴대 전화는 LTE 네트워크가 타겟 네트워크라고 결정한다.For example, in Table 1, the weight values of b1, b2, and b3 in the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network are respectively

,

,

Assuming that , the terminal device is the second weighted average value of the three data transmission delays of the TCP connection corresponding to the LTE network according to Equation 4 below.

can be further calculated.

+2×

is the second average value

less than or equal to,

+2×

is the second weighted average value

If less than or equal to, the mobile phone determines that the Wi-Fi network is the target network. Otherwise, the mobile phone determines that the LTE network is the target network.

(수식 4)

(Equation 4)

Step 303: After determining the target network, the terminal device establishes the first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the target network, and after the first TCP connection is successfully established, the terminal device establishes the first TCP connection through the interface of the other network Establish a second TCP connection to the application server.

That is, after determining that the Wi-Fi network is the target network, the terminal device first establishes a first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network, and then establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the LTE network. build Alternatively, after determining that the cellular network is the target network, the terminal device first establishes a first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network, and then establishes the first TCP connection successfully through the interface of the Wi-Fi network establishes a second TCP connection to the application server via

The history data may include MPTCP connection history data of different applications, and when the location of the terminal device moves, the base station currently accessed by the terminal device may be different from the base station accessed through the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and this is the history is in the data. Alternatively, the SSID currently accessed by the terminal device is different from the SSID accessed through the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, and since this is in the historical data, data transmission delay of the TCP connection may not be possible. When the historical data further includes the identifier of the application, the identifier of the cellular network, and the identifier of the Wi-Fi network, in a possible design, when performing step 302, the terminal device first obtains from the history data the identifier of the application corresponding to the application server and It is possible to determine the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection of the same identifier. Then, the terminal device determines a first data transmission delay having the same identifier as the identifier of the current cellular network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection, and delays the data transmission of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the Wi-Fi network Determine, from the set, a second data transmission delay having an identifier equal to the identifier of the current Wi-Fi network. The terminal device calculates a first average value, a standard deviation, a second average value, and a second weighted average value according to Equations 1 to 4 based on the first data transmission delay and the second data transmission delay.

For example, if your phone is currently connected to both a Wi-Fi network and an LTE network in the process of playing a video in the Huawei video application, the phone will connect to the phone and Huawei in the last minute during the 10-minute playback period of the video. You can get historical data for the three MPTCPs built between the video application servers. For example, the details of the historical data of three MPTCPs are shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

Assuming that the identifier of the application currently running on the mobile phone is 001, the currently accessed SSID is myhome, and the cell ID is 100, the mobile phone uses only a1, a2, b1 and b2 to obtain the first average value, standard deviation, and second average value. , a second weighted average value may be calculated. A specific calculation method is shown in the above formula, and details are not described herein again.

In another possible design, the terminal device may set the aging time to erase history data that occurred before a specified period from the current moment, and only maintain history data of a recent MPTCP connection. For example, the terminal device deletes the MPTCP connection record data 1 minute before the current time point and maintains only the MPTCP connection record data within 1 minute from the current time point. This historical data accurately reflects the amount of data transmission delay for TCP connections on Wi-Fi networks and cellular networks and helps determine target networks.

In a possible design, when the location of the terminal device is changed or the terminal is in an important location of two cells, the access point of the cellular base station or wireless router that the terminal device is currently accessing is changed. That is, the interface between the currently accessed cellular network and the Wi-Fi network is different from the interface of the MPTCP connection in the history data. In this case, the first data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the interface of the currently accessed cellular network, the second data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the interface of the currently accessed Wi-Fi network, and the first application identifier and the first application The identifier cannot be found in the historical data. In this case, when both the interface of the Wi-Fi network and the interface of the cellular network are available, the terminal device may determine whether the currently accessed cellular network is an LTE network and whether the signal strength is greater than a specified threshold. When both conditions are met, the terminal device determines that the target network is an LTE network, and first establishes a first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the LTE network. Otherwise, the terminal device first establishes the first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network. Since the current LTE network has relatively low data transmission delay compared to the 2G network and the 3G network, the LTE network of the cellular network is selected first.

When the end device establishes the first TCP connection with the application server using the cellular network, it may take 200 ms for the end device to activate the cellular network before establishing the first TCP connection with the application server using the cellular network. Considering that, the terminal device may first transmit the packet to the cellular base station accessed by the terminal device to activate the cellular network of the terminal device. This is because, when the cellular network of the terminal device does not use the cellular network, it is in a sleep state and a duration of about 200 ms is required for the wakeup process. If a packet is generated before the terminal device establishes a TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, about 200 ms can be saved by waking up the cellular network in advance. In actual design, the packet sent by the terminal device may be a UDP packet, and the cellular base station does not need to return information after receiving the packet. In addition, the destination IP address corresponding to the packet may be an IP address of a non-existent recipient in order to prevent the packet used for cellular network activation from being identified as an attack packet.

Referring to the method flow chart shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B , in the following, the connection establishment method shown in FIG. 9 is described in detail using an example of establishing MPTCP when a mobile phone plays streaming media from a video application server. Explain.

Step 401: The mobile phone establishes a network connection to the Huawei video application server in response to the user's operation command in the Huawei video application. The phone checks if the current Wi-Fi network and LTE network can be used at the same time. If the Wi-Fi network and the LTE network are not available at the same time, step 402 is performed; Otherwise, step 403 is performed.

Step 402: If the mobile phone determines that only one network is currently available, the mobile phone directly selects a network to establish a TCP connection.

Step 403: If the mobile phone determines that both the Wi-Fi network and the LTE network are currently available, the mobile phone determines whether historical data exists, for example, whether data of MPTCP established in the past exists within the previous 1 minute. do. If the historical data does not exist, step 404a is performed; Otherwise, step 404b is performed.

Step 404a: When the location of the mobile phone is changed, there is no current accessed SSID and the same historical data as the cell. In this case, the mobile phone determines whether the cellular network currently being accessed is an LTE network. If the currently accessed cellular network is an LTE network, step 405a is performed; Otherwise, step 408a is performed.

Step 405a: The mobile phone determines whether the RSSI of the LTE network is greater than a set value. If the RSSI of the LTE network is greater than the set value, step 406a is performed; Otherwise, step 408a is performed.

Step 406a: The mobile phone sends a UDP packet to a base station of the LTE network accessed by the mobile phone, where the UDP packet is used to activate the LTE network.

Step 407a: The mobile phone establishes the first TCP connection using the interface of the LTE network, and if the first TCP connection is established successfully, the mobile phone establishes the second TCP connection to the application server using the interface of the Wi-Fi network .

Step 408a: The mobile phone determines that the currently accessed cellular network is a 2G network or a 3G network, or a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the LTE network that the mobile phone is currently accessing sets a set value (eg, signal If the number of bars is 3 or less), the mobile phone establishes the first TCP connection using the interface of the Wi-Fi network. After the first TCP connection is established successfully, the mobile phone uses the cellular network's interface to establish a second TCP connection to the application server.

Step 404b: If the historical data includes the same historical data as the cell and the SSID currently being accessed by the mobile phone, the mobile phone delays data transmission of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network and the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network to obtain the data transmission delay of If the data transmission delay of the TCP connection conforms to the normal distribution, the mobile phone calculates the first average value and the standard deviation of the Round-Trip Time (RTT) delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, and sends it to the cellular network. Calculate a second weighted average value and a second average value of RTTs of the corresponding TCP connections.

Step 405b: The mobile phone determines whether the first average value is less than the second average value, and if the first average value is less than the second average value, step 406b is performed. Otherwise, step 408b is performed.

Step 406b: The mobile phone determines whether the sum of the first average value and the two standard deviations is less than a second weighted average value, and if the sum is less than the second weighted average value, step 407b is performed. Otherwise, step 408b is performed.

Step 407b: The mobile phone establishes the first TCP connection using the interface of the LTE network, and when the first TCP connection is established successfully, the mobile phone establishes the second TCP connection with the application server using the interface of the Wi-Fi network .

Step 408b: The mobile phone establishes the first TCP connection using the interface of the cellular network, and after the first TCP connection is successfully established, the mobile phone uses the interface of the Wi-Fi network to establish the second TCP connection to the application server Establish a TCP connection.

Finally, the mobile phone records the RTT used to establish two TCP connections, and then stores the RTT as historical data for subsequent MPTCP establishments.

Consequently, the terminal device may record the data transmission delay for each TCP connection of MPTCP each time after MPTCP establishment. Therefore, the terminal device does not need to use a delay detection means or send another packet to obtain data transmission delay information of the past TCP connection, and the availability is relatively high. In addition, the terminal device can significantly reduce the playback start delay by first establishing a first TCP connection in a network having a relatively small data transmission delay. Through the test, when the mobile phone starts iQIYI to play the video, if the signal of the LTE network and the Wi-Fi network that the mobile phone is currently accessing is relatively good, in this application, in the conventional MPTCP construction method The playback start delay of about 0.32 seconds can be reduced compared to, or if the LTE network the mobile phone is currently accessing has a relatively strong signal but the Wi-Fi network has a relatively weak signal, in the present application, the playback start delay of about 0.25 seconds It has been found that this can be reduced. The method provided in this embodiment of the present application can be completely performed by the terminal device, and there is no need to acquire data from the service side. That is, the optimization is performed only on the terminal side. Therefore, the optimization cost is relatively low.

Embodiments of this application further provide a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed in the terminal device, the terminal device can perform all possible implementations of the above-described connection establishment method.

Embodiments of this application further provide a computer program product. When the computer program product is executed in a terminal device, the terminal device can perform all possible implementations of the above-described connection establishment method.

In some embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application disclose a connection establishment apparatus. 11 , the data transmission apparatus is configured to implement the method described in the above-described method embodiment, and includes a processing module 1101 and a transceiver module 1102 . The processing module 1101 is configured to support the terminal device to perform steps 301 to 303 of FIG. 9 and steps 401 to 408b of FIGS. 10A and 10B . The transceiver module 1102 is configured to support the terminal device in sending a packet to a base station of the accessed cellular network to activate the cellular network of the terminal device. All relevant contents of the steps of the above-described method embodiments may be referred to in the functional description of the corresponding functional module. Details are not described again here.

In some other embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application disclose a terminal device. 12 , the terminal device may include one or more processors 1201 , a memory 1202 , a display 1203 , one or more applications (not shown), and one or more computer programs 1204 . The components described above may be connected to each other using one or more communication buses 1205 . One or more computer programs 1204 are stored in memory 1202 and executed by one or more processors 1201 . The one or more computer programs 1204 include instructions that are used to carry out the steps in FIGS. 9 , 10A, 10B and corresponding embodiments.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the foregoing description of implementation is taken as an example for illustration, in which division of the above-described functional module for convenient and simple description is provided. In actual application, the aforementioned functions can be assigned to different modules and implemented according to requirements. That is, all or part of the above-described functions may be implemented by dividing the internal structure of the device into different functional modules. For detailed working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units, reference is made to the corresponding processes of the above-described method embodiments, which are not described herein again.

In the embodiments of the present application, the functional units may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or may be implemented in the form of a software functional unit.

When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the integrated unit may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, or the part contributing to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be implemented in the form of a software product. A computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions that instruct a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device) or processor to perform all or some steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. do. The aforementioned storage medium includes any medium capable of storing a program code, such as a flash memory, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

The foregoing descriptions are only specific implementations of the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. All changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application should be in accordance with the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (17)

A method of establishing a connection, comprising:
acquiring, by a terminal device, historical data of a multi-path transmission control protocol (MPTCP) connection established between the terminal device and an application server, wherein the historical data includes a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to a Wi-Fi network and a cellular including the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the network;
If, based on the historical data, it is determined that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, the terminal device, through the interface of the cellular network establishing a first TCP connection to the application server; and
After the first TCP connection is successfully established, the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network.
A method of establishing a connection, including According to claim 1,
When determining, based on the historical data, that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, the terminal device connects to the interface of the Wi-Fi network establishing a first TCP connection to the application server via; and
After the first TCP connection is successfully established, the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network.
A connection establishment method further comprising a. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
After the terminal device obtains the history data of the MPTCP connection established between the terminal device and the application server,
The terminal device, using the history data, according to Equations 1 to 3, the first average value and standard deviation of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network and the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network calculating a second average value of ; and

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, determining, by the terminal device, that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.
Further comprising, Equations 1 to 3 are as follows:

(Equation 1);

(Equation 2);

(Equation 3);

is the first average value,

is the second average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,
How to establish a connection. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
After the terminal device obtains the history data of the MPTCP connection established between the terminal device and the application server,
The terminal device, using the history data, according to Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3, a second weighted average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network and the data of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network calculating a first average value and standard deviation of transmission delays; and

, the terminal device determines that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, determining, by the terminal device, that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.
Further comprising, Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 4 are as follows:

(Equation 1);

(Equation 2);

(Equation 4),
here,

is the first average value,

is the second weighted average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,

inside

is the weight of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and the earlier established TCP connection has a lower weight of the second data transmission delay,
How to establish a connection. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the historical data further includes an identifier of an application, an identifier of a cellular network, and an identifier of a Wi-Fi network;
The method for establishing the connection is:
determining, by the terminal device, a data transmission delay set of a target TCP connection having the same identifier as an identifier of an application corresponding to the application server from the history data;
determining, by the terminal device, a first data transmission delay of the same identifier as the identifier of the current cellular network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the cellular network;
determining, by the terminal device, a second data transmission delay of the same identifier as the identifier of the current Wi-Fi network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the Wi-Fi network; and
the terminal device determines that, based on the first data transmission delay and the second data transmission delay, the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network. step to decide
Further comprising, a connection establishment method. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the cellular network is an LTE network. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
After the terminal device establishes a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network,
The method further comprising the step of the terminal device storing data transmission delays of the two currently established TCP connections. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Before the terminal device establishes a first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network,
and sending, by the terminal device, a packet to a base station of a cellular network accessed by the terminal device, wherein the packet is used to activate a cellular network of the terminal device. A terminal device comprising a processor and a memory, comprising:
the memory is configured to store one or more computer programs;
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device performs the following steps:
obtaining historical data of a multi-path transmission control protocol (MPTCP) connection established between the terminal device and an application server, wherein the historical data is a data transmission delay of a TCP connection corresponding to a Wi-Fi network and a cellular network corresponding to Includes data transmission delay of TCP connection -;
If, based on the historical data, it is determined that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, the data transmission delay for the application server through the interface of the cellular network is determined. establishing the first TCP connection; and
After the first TCP connection is successfully established, establishing a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the Wi-Fi network.
A terminal device that performs 10. The method of claim 9,
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
When determining, based on the historical data, that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, establishing the first TCP connection; and
after the first TCP connection is successfully established, establishing a second TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network;
A terminal device that performs 11. The method of claim 9 or 10,
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
Using the history data, according to Equations 1 to 3, the first average value and standard deviation of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network and the second average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network are calculated calculating; and

if , determine that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, determining that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.
and Equations 1 to 3 are as follows:

(Equation 1);

(Equation 2);

(Equation 3);

is the first average value,

is the second average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,
terminal device. 11. The method of claim 9 or 10,
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
Using the history data, according to Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3, the second weighted average value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network and the first value of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network calculating the mean and standard deviation; and

if , determine that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network; or

, determining that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is greater than the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network.
and Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 4 are as follows:

(Equation 1);

(Equation 2);

(Equation 4),
here,

is the first average value,

is the second weighted average value,

is the standard deviation,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network, N is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network,

inside

is the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, M is the quantity of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network,

inside

is the weight of the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network, and the earlier established TCP connection has a lower weight of the second data transmission delay,
terminal device. 13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12,
the historical data further includes an identifier of an application, an identifier of a cellular network, and an identifier of a Wi-Fi network;
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
determining a data transmission delay set of a target TCP connection having the same identifier as an identifier of an application corresponding to the application server from the historical data;
determining a first data transmission delay of an identifier equal to an identifier of a current cellular network from a data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the cellular network;
determining a second data transmission delay of the same identifier as the identifier of the current Wi-Fi network from the data transmission delay set of the target TCP connection based on the identifier of the Wi-Fi network; and
determining that the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the cellular network is less than or equal to the data transmission delay of the TCP connection corresponding to the Wi-Fi network based on the first data transmission delay and the second data transmission delay;
A terminal device that performs 14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13,
wherein the cellular network is an LTE network. 14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13,
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
A terminal device that performs the step of storing data transmission delays of two currently established TCP connections. 14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13,
When one or more computer programs stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the terminal device also performs the following steps:
before establishing a first TCP connection to the application server through the interface of the cellular network, transmitting a packet to a base station of the cellular network accessed by the terminal device;
the packet is used to activate a cellular network of the terminal device,
terminal device. A computer readable storage medium comprising:
the computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program; A computer-readable storage medium capable of performing the connection establishment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 when the computer program is executed in a terminal device.

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