KR20210085429A - 3D display apparatus having a spatial light modulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device including a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator may include a first modulation panel and a second modulation panel. The first modulation panel and the second modulation panel may be positioned between a first linear polarizer and a second linear polarizer. A first liquid crystal layer of the first modulation panel and a liquid crystal layer of the second modulation panel may include a liquid crystal in a mode using a horizontal electric field. In each of the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer, the product of the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer may be 1/3 of the wavelength of incident light. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device, process efficiency may be improved, and modulation capability may be maximized.

Description

A stereoscopic image display apparatus using a spatial light modulator {3D display apparatus having a spatial light modulator}

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device including a spatial light modulator composed of two modulation panels.

The display device provides a 2D image and/or a 3D image to the user. For example, the display device may include a stereoscopic image display device that implements a 3D image. The stereoscopic image display device may implement a 3D image by using an interference fringe caused by a laser having high coherence. For example, the stereoscopic image display device may include a spatial light modulator.

The spatial light modulator may consist of two modulation panels. For example, the spatial light modulator may have a stacked structure of an amplitude modulation panel and a phase modulation panel. The modulation panel may be a liquid crystal panel including liquid crystal. In general, the amount of phase modulation of light in the liquid crystal panel may be proportional to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Accordingly, the response speed may be reduced in the modulation panel including the liquid crystal in the mode using the horizontal electric field, such as the IPS mode. Accordingly, in a stereoscopic image display device including the spatial light modulator, image quality may be degraded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image display device including a spatial light modulator including modulation panels using a horizontal electric field, and capable of improving image processing speed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image display device capable of securing a sufficient amount of phase modulation by stacking modulation panels.

The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned problems. Problems not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

According to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, a stereoscopic image display device includes a backlight unit. A first linear polarizer is positioned on the backlight unit. A second linearly polarizing plate is positioned on the first linearly polarizing plate. A first modulation panel is positioned between the first linear polarizer and the second linear polarizer. A second modulation panel is positioned between the first modulation panel and the second linear polarizer. A panel adhesive layer is positioned between the first modulation panel and the second modulation panel. The first modulation panel includes a first liquid crystal layer. The second modulation panel includes a second liquid crystal layer. The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer include liquid crystals in a mode using a horizontal electric field. Each of the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer satisfies the following equations.

[Equation]

(where Δn is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and λ is the wavelength of light emitted from the backlight unit)

A difference between the optical axis of the first linear polarizer and the optical axis of the second linear polarizer may be 3π/4.

The optical axis of the first linear polarizer may be 0°. The optical axis of the second linear polarizer may be 135°.

The panel adhesive layer may be in contact with the first modulation panel and the second modulation panel.

The first modulation panel may include a first lower modulation substrate and a first upper modulation substrate. The first lower modulation substrate may be positioned between the first linear polarizer and the first liquid crystal layer. The first upper modulation substrate may be positioned between the first liquid crystal layer and the panel adhesive layer. The second modulation panel may include a second lower modulation substrate and a second upper modulation substrate. The second lower modulation substrate may be positioned between the panel adhesive layer and the second liquid crystal layer. The second upper modulation substrate may be positioned between the second liquid crystal layer and the second linear polarizer. The first upper modulation substrate may have a thickness smaller than that of the first lower modulation substrate. The second upper modulation substrate may have a thickness greater than that of the second lower modulation substrate.

The second lower modulating substrate may have the same thickness as the first upper modulating substrate. The second upper modulation substrate may have the same thickness as the first lower modulation substrate.

The second lower modulating substrate may include the same material as the first upper modulating substrate. The second upper modulating substrate may include the same material as the first lower modulating substrate.

The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer may include liquid crystal in IPS mode.

A first polarizing adhesive layer may be positioned between the first linear polarizer and the first modulation panel. A second polarization adhesive layer may be positioned between the second modulation panel and the second linear polarizer.

The first polarizing adhesive layer may be in contact with the first linear polarizer and the first modulation panel. The second polarizing adhesive layer may be in contact with the second modulation panel and the second linear polarizer.

In a stereoscopic image display device according to the technical concept of the present invention, a first modulation panel and a second modulation panel including liquid crystal in a mode using a horizontal electric field are stacked between the first linear polarizer and the second linear polarizer. Each of the first modulation panel and the second modulation panel may be equal to λ/3 of the light incident on the optical path. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the inventive concept, the thickness of the modulation panel including the liquid crystal in the mode using the horizontal electric field can be minimized. That is, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the inventive concept, the response speed may be improved and the amount of phase modulation may be maximized. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the technical idea of the present invention, image quality may be improved.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross-section taken along line I-I' of FIG. 1 .
3 to 7 are diagrams illustrating modulation regions according to the optical path of a liquid crystal layer in a liquid crystal panel including liquid crystal in IPS mode.
8 to 11 are views illustrating modulation regions according to relative angles of the optical axis of the second linear polarizer with respect to the optical axis of the first linear polarizer.

Details regarding the above object and technical configuration of the present invention and the effects thereof will be more clearly understood by the following detailed description with reference to the drawings showing embodiments of the present invention. Here, since the embodiments of the present invention are provided so that the technical idea of the present invention can be sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied in other forms so as not to be limited to the embodiments described below.

In addition, parts indicated with the same reference numerals throughout the specification mean the same components, and in the drawings, the length and thickness of a layer or region may be exaggerated for convenience. In addition, when it is described that a first component is "on" a second component, the first component is not only located on the upper side in direct contact with the second component, but also the first component and the A case in which a third component is positioned between the second component is also included.

Here, terms such as the first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, and are used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components. However, within the scope not departing from the spirit of the present invention, the first and second components may be arbitrarily named according to the convenience of those skilled in the art.

Terms used in the specification of the present invention are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For example, elements expressed in the singular include plural elements unless the context clearly means only the singular. In addition, in the specification of the present invention, terms such as "comprises" or "have" are intended to designate the existence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, one or It should be understood that it does not preclude in advance the possibility of the existence or addition of other features or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

In addition, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related art, and, unless explicitly defined in the specification of the present invention, have an ideal or excessively formal meaning. not interpreted

(Example)

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross-section taken along line I-I' of FIG. 1 .

1 and 2 , a stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a backlight unit 100 , a first modulation panel 300 , a second modulation panel 400 , a first linear polarizer 510 , It may include a second linear polarizer 520 and a panel adhesive layer 600 .

The backlight unit 100 may supply light to the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 . For example, the backlight unit 100 may have a stacked structure of the light source device 110 and the optical sheet 120 . The light source device 110 may emit light with high coherence. For example, the light source device 110 may include a laser diode. The light source device 110 may transmit light evenly to each region of the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 . For example, the light source device 110 may include a plurality of light sources 111 , 112 , and 13 and optical fibers 114 connected to each of the light sources 111 , 112 , and 113 . The light sources 111 , 112 , and 113 may emit light implementing different colors. For example, the light source device 110 may include a red laser diode 111 , a green laser diode 112 , and a blue laser diode 113 . The optical fibers 114 may be disposed to correspond to the surface of the first modulation panel 300 . The optical sheet 120 may allow the light emitted from the light source device 110 to travel in parallel. For example, the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 may be positioned on the optical sheet 120 .

The first modulation panel 300 may be positioned on the backlight unit 100 . The first modulation panel 300 may modulate the amplitude of the light supplied from the backlight unit 100 . For example, the first modulation panel 300 may function as an amplitude modulation panel. Contrast by the light supplied from the backlight unit 100 may be adjusted by the first modulation panel 300 . The first modulation panel 300 may be positioned between the first linear polarizer 510 and the second linear polarizer 520 . For example, the first linear polarizer 510 may be positioned between the backlight unit 100 and the first modulation panel 300 . The first linear polarizer 510 may be attached to the first modulation panel 300 . For example, a first polarization adhesive layer 515 may be positioned between the first linear polarizer 510 and the first modulation panel 300 . The first polarization adhesive layer 515 may directly contact the first linear polarizer 510 and the first modulation panel 300 .

The first modulation panel 300 may be a liquid crystal panel including liquid crystal. For example, the first modulation panel 300 may include a first liquid crystal layer 330 positioned between the first lower modulation substrate 310 and the first upper modulation substrate 320 . The first liquid crystal layer 330 may include a liquid crystal in a mode using a horizontal electric field. For example, in the first modulation panel 300 , a first pixel electrode 351 and a first common electrode 352 are positioned side by side between the first lower modulation substrate 310 and the first liquid crystal layer 330 . ) may be included. The first liquid crystal layer 330 may include an IPS mode liquid crystal.

In the first modulation panel 300 , an electrode may not be formed between the first liquid crystal layer 330 and the first upper modulation substrate 320 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the process of forming the first modulation panel 300 may be simplified.

The first modulation panel 300 may include a first black matrix 361 . The first black matrix 361 may have a mesh shape. For example, the first black matrix 361 may define first modulation regions of the first modulation panel 300 . Each of the first modulation regions may have the same width. Each of the first modulation regions defined by the first black matrix 361 may be independently controlled. For example, a first thin film transistor 340 overlapping the first black matrix 361 may be positioned between the first lower modulation substrate 310 and the first liquid crystal layer 330 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, deterioration of image quality due to the first thin film transistors 340 may be prevented.

The first thin film transistor 340 may apply a driving current corresponding to a data signal according to a gate signal to the first pixel electrode 351 of the corresponding first modulation region. For example, the first thin film transistor 340 includes a first gate electrode 341 , a first gate insulating layer 342 , a first active pattern 343 , a first ohmic contact layer 344 , and a first source electrode. 345 and a first drain electrode 346 may be included.

The first gate electrode 341 may be located close to the first lower modulation substrate 310 . The first gate insulating layer 342 may be positioned between the first gate electrode 341 and the first active pattern 343 . The first gate insulating layer 342 may extend outside the first active pattern 343 . For example, the first gate insulating layer 342 of each of the first thin film transistors 340 may extend along the surface of the first lower modulation substrate 310 . The first source electrode 345 and the first drain electrode 346 may be positioned on the first active pattern 343 . The first drain electrode 346 may be spaced apart from the first source electrode 345 . The first active pattern 343 positioned between the first source electrode 345 and the first drain electrode 346 may function as a channel region. The first ohmic contact layer 344 may be positioned between the first active pattern 343 and the first source electrode 345 and between the first active pattern 343 and the first drain electrode 346 . can The first pixel electrode 351 of each first modulation region may be connected to the first drain electrode 346 of the corresponding first thin film transistor 340 .

A first overcoat layer 315 may be positioned between the first thin film transistor 340 and the first pixel electrode 351 in each first modulation region. The first overcoat layer 315 may remove a step caused by the first thin film transistors 340 . For example, the first pixel electrode 351 and the first common electrode 352 of each first modulation region may be positioned side by side on a flat plane.

The first black matrix 361 may be positioned between the first liquid crystal layer 330 and the first upper modulation substrate 320 . A first upper passivation layer 325 may be positioned between the first liquid crystal layer 330 and the first black matrix 361 . The first upper passivation layer 325 may include an insulating material. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, damage to the first liquid crystal layer 330 by foreign substances generated in the process of forming the first black matrix 361 can be prevented.

Each first modulation region may exhibit a specific color. For example, a first color filter 362 may be positioned between the first black matrices 361 . The first color filter 362 may be positioned between the first upper modulation substrate 320 and the first upper passivation layer 325 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the step difference caused by the first black matrix 361 and/or the first color filter 362 is removed by the first upper passivation layer 325 . can

The second modulation panel 400 may be positioned between the first modulation panel 300 and the second linear polarizer 520 . The second modulation panel 400 may modulate the phase of light passing through the first modulation panel 300 . For example, the second modulation panel 400 may function as a phase modulation panel. The second linear polarizer 520 may be attached to the second modulation panel 400 . For example, a second polarization adhesive layer 525 may be positioned between the second linear polarizer 520 and the second modulation panel 400 . The second polarization adhesive layer 525 may directly contact the second linear polarizer 520 and the second modulation panel 400 .

The second modulation panel 400 may be a liquid crystal panel including liquid crystal. For example, the second modulation panel 400 may include a second liquid crystal layer 430 positioned between the second lower modulation substrate 410 and the second upper modulation substrate 420 . The second liquid crystal layer 430 may include a liquid crystal in a mode using a horizontal electric field. For example, in the second modulation panel 400 , the second pixel electrode 451 and the second common electrode 452 are positioned side by side between the second lower modulation substrate 410 and the second liquid crystal layer 430 . ) may be included. The second liquid crystal layer 430 may include a liquid crystal in the same mode as that of the first liquid crystal layer 330 . For example, the second liquid crystal layer 430 may include an IPS mode liquid crystal. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the second modulation panel 400 may be formed through the same process as the first modulation panel 300 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, process efficiency may be improved.

The second modulation panel 400 may include a second black matrix 461 . The second black matrix 461 may overlap the first black matrix 361 . For example, the second black matrix 461 may have a mesh shape. The second black matrix 461 may define second modulation regions of the second modulation panel 400 . The second modulation regions may be positioned to correspond to the first modulation regions. For example, each second modulation region may have the same width. Each second modulation region defined by the second black matrix 461 may be independently controlled. For example, a second thin film transistor 440 overlapping the second black matrix 461 may be positioned between the second lower modulation substrate 410 and the second liquid crystal layer 430 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, deterioration of image quality due to the second thin film transistors 440 may be prevented.

The second layer transistor 440 may apply a driving current corresponding to a data signal according to a gate signal to the second pixel electrode 451 of the corresponding second modulation region. The second thin film transistor 440 may have the same structure as the first thin film transistor 340 . For example, the second thin film transistor 440 may include a second gate electrode 441 , a second gate insulating layer 442 , a second active pattern 443 , a second ohmic contact layer 444 , and a second source electrode. 445 and a second drain electrode 446 may be included. The second pixel electrode 451 of each second modulation region may be connected to the second drain electrode 446 of the corresponding second thin film transistor 440 .

A second overcoat layer 415 may be positioned between the second thin film transistor 440 and the second pixel electrode 451 in each second modulation region. The second overcoat layer 415 may remove a step difference caused by the second thin film transistors 440 . For example, the second pixel electrode 451 and the second common electrode 452 of each second modulation region may be positioned side by side on a flat plane.

The second black matrix 461 may be positioned between the second liquid crystal layer 430 and the second upper modulation substrate 420 . A second upper passivation layer 425 may be positioned between the second liquid crystal layer 430 and the second black matrix 461 . The second upper passivation layer 425 may include an insulating material. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, damage to the second liquid crystal layer 430 by foreign substances generated in the process of forming the second black matrix 461 can be prevented.

Each second modulation region may exhibit a specific color. For example, a second color filter 462 may be positioned between the second black matrices 461 . The second color filter 462 may be positioned between the second upper modulation substrate 420 and the second upper passivation layer 425 . Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the step difference due to the second black matrix 461 and/or the second color filter 462 is removed by the second upper passivation layer 425 . can

The panel adhesive layer 600 may be positioned between the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 . The panel adhesive layer 600 may include an adhesive material. The first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 may be coupled by the panel adhesive layer 600 . For example, the panel adhesive layer 600 may directly contact the first upper modulation substrate 320 and the second lower modulation substrate 410 . The first upper modulation substrate 320 and the second lower modulation substrate 410 may be thin films. For example, the first upper modulation substrate 320 has a thickness smaller than that of the first lower modulation substrate 310 , and the second upper modulation substrate 420 is thicker than the second lower modulation substrate 410 . may have a thickness. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the overall thickness of the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 may be reduced.

The thickness of the second lower modulation substrate 410 may be the same as the thickness of the first upper modulation substrate 320 . For example, the second lower modulation substrate 410 may include the same material as the first upper modulation substrate 320 . The thickness of the second upper modulation substrate 420 may be the same as the thickness of the first lower modulation substrate 310 . For example, the second upper modulation substrate 420 may include the same material as the first lower modulation substrate 310 . Accordingly, process efficiency may be improved in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal in IPS mode, wherein the light path of the liquid crystal layer is λ/2 (Δn Xd = λ/2, where Δn is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, λ is It is a graph showing the modulation ability of the incident light). 4 is a graph showing the modulation capability of a liquid crystal panel (Δn Xd = 2λ/5) including liquid crystal in IPS mode, but in which the light path of the liquid crystal layer is 2λ/5. 5 is a graph showing the modulation capability of a liquid crystal panel (Δn Xd = λ/3) including liquid crystal in IPS mode, but in which the light path of the liquid crystal layer is λ/3. 6 is a graph showing the modulation capability of a liquid crystal panel (Δn Xd = λ/4) including liquid crystal in IPS mode, but in which the light path of the liquid crystal layer is λ/4. 7 is a graph showing the modulation capability of a liquid crystal panel (Δn Xd = λ/4) including liquid crystal in IPS mode, but in which the light path of the liquid crystal layer is λ/6.

3 to 7 , it can be seen that in a liquid crystal panel including liquid crystal in IPS mode, when the light path of the liquid crystal layer is λ/3, the modulation region is the widest. That is, in the liquid crystal panel including the liquid crystal in the IPS mode, if the optical path of the liquid crystal layer is 1/3 of the wavelength of the incident light, the modulation ability may be the best. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 include liquid crystal layers 330 and 430 satisfying the following equations, The first liquid crystal layer 330 of the first modulation panel 300 and the second liquid crystal layer 430 of the second modulation panel 400 may have a relatively thin thickness. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of phase modulation can be sufficiently secured without resistance to the image processing speed.

[Equation]

(where Δn is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and λ is the wavelength of light emitted from the backlight unit)

As a result, the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 using a horizontal electric field, and the first liquid crystal of the first modulation panel 300 . The layer 330 and the second liquid crystal layer 430 of the second modulation panel 400 may satisfy the above equation. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the process of forming the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 constituting the spatial light modulator is simplified, and the image processing speed is lowered. Without it, the phase of the light provided to the user can be sufficiently modulated. Accordingly, the quality of a 3D image implemented in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may be improved.

In addition, the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is positioned close to the panel adhesive layer 600 by bonding the first modulation panel 300 and the second modulation panel 400 using the panel adhesive layer 600 . The first upper modulation substrate 320 of the first modulation panel and the second lower modulation substrate 410 of the second modulation panel 400 may have a relatively thin thickness. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the overall thickness may be minimized.

8 to 11 show that the relative angles of the optical axis of the second linear polarizer 520 with respect to the optical axis of the first linear polarizer 510 in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention are respectively π/2 and 2π/3. , 3π/4 and 5π/6, the figure shows the modulation region.

8 to 11 , in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the optical axis of the first linear polarizer 510 and the optical axis of the second linear polarizer 520 differ by 3π/4, the modulation capability It can be seen that this is the best. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the optical axis of the first linear polarizer 510 and the optical axis of the second linear polarizer 520 may be 3π/4. For example, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical axis of the first linear polarizer 510 may be 0° and the optical axis of the second linear polarizer 520 may be 135°. Accordingly, in the stereoscopic image display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first liquid crystal layer 330 of the first modulation panel 300 and the second liquid crystal layer 430 of the second modulation panel 400 have the same response speed. Degradation is minimized, and excellent modulation capability can be secured.

110: light source element 100: backlight unit
300: first modulation panel 400: second modulation panel
510: first linearly polarizing plate 520: second linearly polarizing plate
600: panel adhesive layer

Claims (10)

a first linearly polarizing plate positioned on the backlight unit;
a second linearly polarizing plate positioned on the first linearly polarizing plate;
a first modulation panel positioned between the first linear polarizing plate and the second linear polarizing plate and including a first liquid crystal layer;
a second modulation panel positioned between the first modulation panel and the second linear polarizer and including a second liquid crystal layer; and
a panel adhesive layer positioned between the first modulation panel and the second modulation panel;
The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer include a liquid crystal in a mode using a horizontal electric field,
The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer each satisfy the following equation.
[Equation]

(Where Δn is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and λ is the wavelength of light emitted from the backlight unit) The method of claim 1,
The difference between the optical axis of the first linear polarizing plate and the optical axis of the second linear polarizing plate is 3π/4. 3. The method of claim 2,
The optical axis of the first linear polarizer is 0°, and the optical axis of the second linear polarizer is 135°. The method of claim 1,
The panel adhesive layer is in contact with the first modulation panel and the second modulation panel. The method of claim 1,
The first modulation panel further includes a first lower modulation substrate positioned between the first linear polarizer and the first liquid crystal layer and a first upper modulation substrate positioned between the first liquid crystal layer and the panel adhesive layer;
The second modulation panel further includes a second lower modulation substrate positioned between the panel adhesive layer and the second liquid crystal layer and a second upper modulation substrate positioned between the second liquid crystal layer and the second linear polarizer;
the first upper modulation substrate has a thickness smaller than that of the first lower modulation substrate;
The second upper modulation substrate has a thickness greater than that of the second lower modulation substrate. 6. The method of claim 5,
the second lower modulating substrate has the same thickness as the first upper modulating substrate;
The second upper modulation substrate has the same thickness as the first lower modulation substrate. 6. The method of claim 5,
the second lower modulating substrate includes the same material as the first upper modulating substrate;
The second upper modulation substrate includes the same material as the first lower modulation substrate. The method of claim 1,
The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer include a liquid crystal in an IPS mode. The method of claim 1,
a first polarizing adhesive layer positioned between the first linear polarizer and the first modulation panel; and
and a second polarization adhesive layer positioned between the second modulation panel and the second linearly polarizing plate. 10. The method of claim 9,
the first polarizing adhesive layer is in contact with the first linear polarizer and the first modulation panel;
The second polarizing adhesive layer is in contact with the second modulation panel and the second linearly polarizing plate.

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