KR20210025451A - Energy Trading System Using Peer-to-peer and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power trading system using a P2P approach, and a method thereof. According to the present invention, the power trading system using a P2P approach comprises: a reception unit which receives P2P power transaction request information including desired sales amounts or desired purchase amounts, desired power transaction prices, and desired transaction times, from a plurality of prosumers who want to conduct P2P power transactions; a determination unit which uses the received P2P power transaction request information to determine whether P2P power transactions of participating prosumers are possible; a control unit which, when it is determined that a transaction is not possible, extracts a minimum price from desired sales prices input from a plurality of sellers and a maximum price from desired purchase prices input from a plurality of buyers to calculate the difference between the minimum price and the maximum price, and adjusts a transaction price according to the calculated price difference; and a transaction settlement unit which, when a transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price, outputs a final approval signal upon the settlement of the transaction. As described above, the power trading system using a P2P approach according to the present invention can create potential profits through transactions between participants, even in special situations in which a surplus amount of power is not generated by a renewable power source, or sales cannot be made through a system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [Energy Trading System Using Peer-to-peer and Method thereof]

The present invention relates to a power transaction system and method using a P2P method, and more particularly, a P2P method capable of sharing and transacting power between individuals and individuals as small-scale renewable energy increases, but maintaining profitability according to power transactions. It relates to a used power trading system and method thereof.

As Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as various renewable energy generation sources including solar power generation and energy storage devices are revitalized, consumers who consume electric energy gradually change into prosumers that simultaneously consume and supply. The number is on the rise.

In addition, with advances in Information Convergence Technology (ICT) technologies such as sensor technology and communication network technology, even small-scale prosumers are able to manage their own energy. Therefore, prosumers did not simply perform their own energy management efficiently, but sought to efficiently perform energy management through peer-to-peer (P2P) power transactions with other prosumers in the vicinity.

P2P power transactions are generally caused by the following situations.

First, when the prosumer (seller) presents the surplus amount of renewable power sources generated as the amount of electricity transaction, or when the purchaser occurs, the P2P power transaction occurs as the transaction volume is presented through the discharge of the owned energy storage device (ESS). do.

In addition, when a prosumer (buyer) or a consumer wants to purchase electricity for a specific purpose, or when a prosumer (seller) wants to store in his energy storage device (ESS), the sale of surplus energy or energy storage device (ESS) When responding with sales through discharge, P2P power transactions occur.

Here, the surplus amount of the renewable power source means the amount of power remaining after subtracting the power generation amount of the renewable power source from the consumption load of the prosumer (seller).

On the other hand, in Korea, P2P power transactions are conducted in a structure in which electricity can be generated from small-scale distributed power sources through price offset (10 kW or less) and power purchase agreement (PPA) (1,000 kW or less). .

However, in the case of charge offset, the remaining electricity after offsetting cannot be traded with KEPCO or the power market, and the PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) is not highly profitable, so it is alienated from the purchase volume according to the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) system. There were limitations such as becoming.

The technology behind the present invention is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1954590 (announced on Mar. 6, 2019).

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a power trading system and method using a P2P method capable of sharing and transacting electricity between individuals and individuals as the number of small-scale renewable energy increases, but maintaining profitability according to electricity trading. have.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving such a technical problem, in the power transaction system and method using a P2P method, the desired sales amount or desired purchase amount, power from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct P2P (Peer to Peer) power transaction A receiving unit that receives P2P power transaction request information including the desired transaction price and the desired transaction time, and a judging unit that determines whether P2P power transaction is possible by participating prosumers using the received P2P power transaction request information, and when it is determined that the transaction is impossible , A control unit that calculates the difference between each other by extracting the minimum price from the desired sales price input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price from the desired purchase price input from a plurality of buyers, and adjusting the transaction price according to the calculated price difference And, when the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price, it includes a contract signing unit that outputs a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction.

The determination unit classifies participating prosumers as buyers or sellers, and if there is a seller or buyer capable of trading by time slot, sorts the transaction price and volume by time using the received P2P power transaction request information, but in the case of a seller You can sort in ascending order, and in the case of buyers, you can sort in descending order.

The determination unit may determine that a P2P power transaction between the corresponding seller and the buyer is possible if the highest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of buyers. have.

When the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales amount is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller may match the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the desired purchase amount of the buyer.

The controller may match a transaction between the seller and the buyer by the seller's desired sales amount when the seller's desired power transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired electric power transaction price and the seller's desired sales amount is less than the buyer's desired purchase quantity.

The control unit performs matching between the seller and the buyer by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to a preset marginal cost function of distributed power, and the transaction price increases each time the matching is repeated, but P2P at a price lower than the sales cost of the distributed power supply. The electricity transaction can be concluded.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a P2P method of power transaction using a power transaction system, a desired sales amount or a desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price, and a P2P (Peer to Peer) power transaction Receiving P2P power transaction request information including the desired transaction time, determining whether P2P power transaction by participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information, and when it is determined that the transaction is impossible, from a plurality of sellers The step of extracting the minimum price from the input desired sales price and the maximum price from the desired purchase price input from a plurality of buyers, calculating the difference between them, and adjusting the transaction price according to the calculated price difference, and the adjusted transaction And outputting a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction when the transaction is completed according to the price.

As described above, the P2P type power transaction system according to the present invention can generate potential profits through transactions between participants even in a special situation in which the surplus generation amount of the renewable power source does not occur or sales through the system are impossible.

In addition, according to the present invention, by adjusting the P2P power transaction price according to the uncertainty about the price that may occur in real time, the prediction error in real time about the load or renewable power generation, the line congestion or the voltage error, etc., the seller and the buyer Potential benefits can be gained by closing a deal.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a P2P type power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a flowchart illustrating a peer-to-peer power transaction method using a power transaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a P2P power purchase curve initially set by a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2.
4 is a diagram showing a P2P power sales curve initially set by a prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2.
5A shows the marginal utility curve of the prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2.
5B shows a price curve of a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2.
6 is a flow chart for explaining step S230 shown in FIG. 2.
7 is a flow chart for explaining step S236 shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing a result of parallel movement of a P2P power purchase marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7.
9 is an exemplary view showing a result of parallel movement of a P2P power selling marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this process, the thickness of the lines or the size of components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of description.

In addition, terms to be described later are terms defined in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may vary according to the intention or custom of users or operators. Therefore, definitions of these terms should be made based on the contents throughout the present specification.

Hereinafter, a P2P type power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a P2P type power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the P2P type power trading system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a receiving unit 110, a determination unit 120, a control unit 130, and a contract signing unit 140.

First, the receiving unit 110 receives P2P power transaction request information from a plurality of prosumers.

In other words, prosumer refers to consumers and producers who participate in electricity generation while consuming electricity (or energy). Accordingly, among a plurality of prosumers, the seller inputs P2P power transaction request information including the amount of power to be sold, a desired sales price, and a desired time to be transacted through the terminal. In addition, among a plurality of prosumers, the purchaser inputs P2P power transaction request information including the amount of power to be purchased, the desired purchase price, and the desired time to be traded.

On the other hand, since a plurality of prosumers have their respective distributed power sources, there is a cost function. Therefore, a plurality of prosumers set the transaction price according to the cost function.

Then, the determination unit 120 determines whether P2P power transaction of a plurality of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information.

That is, the determination unit 120 classifies a plurality of participating prosumers by time zone using the received P2P power transaction request information, and the determination unit 120 determines whether there are buyers and sellers that can be matched according to the classified time zones. Judge whether or not.

In addition, the control unit 130 matches a plurality of sellers and a plurality of purchasers using the transaction price according to the determination result of the determination unit 120.

In other words, the controller 130 matches the desired sales price input from a plurality of sellers and a desired purchase price input from a plurality of buyers. In this case, the matching desired sales price represents the lowest price among the desired sales prices input from a plurality of sellers. In addition, the matching desired purchase price represents the highest price among the desired purchase prices input from a plurality of purchasers. That is, when the lowest desired sales price and the highest desired purchase price are compared and matched, the controller 130 induces a transaction by matching the seller and the buyer with each other.

Meanwhile, when a transaction cannot be induced because the desired sales price and the desired purchase price do not match, the controller 130 calculates a difference between the desired sales price and the desired purchase price. In addition, the control unit 130 adjusts the transaction price according to the calculated price difference, and matches the seller and the buyer using the adjusted transaction price.

Finally, the contract signing unit 140 outputs a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction. That is, when the transaction between the seller and the buyer matched through the control unit 130 is completed, the transaction settlement unit 140 outputs a final approval signal indicating that the transaction has been concluded.

Hereinafter, a P2P method of power trading using a power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9.

2 is a flowchart illustrating a peer-to-peer power transaction method using a power transaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a P2P power initially set by a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. A diagram showing a purchase curve, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a P2P power sales curve initially set by a prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5A is a prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. ) Shows the marginal utility curve, and FIG. 5B shows the price curve of the prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, first, a plurality of prosumers each access the power transaction system 100 through a user terminal and input P2P power transaction request information (S210).

Here, the P2P power transaction request information includes a P2P power transaction desired sales volume or desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price, and a desired transaction time.

On the other hand, the desired price for electricity transaction represents the initial price determined by the prosumer. In addition, prosumers derive a cost function to generate profits from the distributed power they operate. That is, the prosumer sets the cost function by using the cost of purchasing from the system and the operating cost of the distributed power source it possesses. Accordingly, prosumers can set the cost for P2P power purchase and sale using the set cost function.

To explain this in more detail, first, prosumers who want to purchase power, that is, buyers, want to trade at a lower price than the price of purchasing power from the grid. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when a purchaser makes a first purchase, the purchaser is set to purchase at the cheapest price, and when purchasing the last unit, it is set to purchase at the same price as the system price. However, the maximum purchaseable amount is limited by the net demand of the prosumer. Here, the net demand represents the remaining amount of the load, excluding the new and renewable generation, when the basic load is greater than the renewable generation, as opposed to the surplus generation.

And, a prosumer who wants to sell electricity, Sellers want to sell at a higher price than the price they buy from the grid because they have to generate a profit. Incidentally, in the case of sales, since the additional generation of the distributed power supply or the maximum possible additional output is limited, the sale price should be greater than the marginal cost of additional generation of the minimum distributed power supply. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, since the seller must exclude the cost for additional power generation of the internal power source from the sales gain, the corresponding part is reflected in the cost function. In addition, since the maximum sellable amount on the price curve is the sum of the sellable amounts of all distributed power supplies, the seller sets the maximum marginal cost of the distributed power supply as the selling price.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, in the case of a seller, the marginal utility obtained may decrease as the sale goes to the maximum value according to the law of diminishing marginal utility, and thus may have the form of a marginal utility curve as shown in FIG. 5B. On the other hand, in the case of a purchaser, since the purchase price is cheaper than the system price and the maximum value should not be exceeded when purchasing the maximum value, a marginal cost curve based on the price purchased from the system may be formed as shown in FIG. 6.

When step S210 is completed, the receiving unit 110 receives P2P power transaction request information input from a plurality of prosumers. Then, the reception unit 110 transmits the received P2P power transaction request information to the determination unit 120.

Then, the determination unit 120 determines whether P2P power transaction of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information (S220).

In addition, first, the determination unit 120 classifies participating prosumers as buyers or sellers. Then, the determination unit 120 classifies the buyer or seller by time using the received transaction desired time.

Then, the determination unit 120 determines whether there is a seller or buyer that can be traded for each time slot.

If it is determined that the transaction is possible, the determination unit 120 sorts the transaction price and the transaction volume. That is, the determination unit 120 sorts the seller's desired selling price in ascending order, and the buyer's desired purchase price in descending order.

Then, the determination unit 120 compares the highest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of sellers and the lowest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of buyers. And if it is determined that the seller's price is less than or equal to the buyer's price, the determination unit 120 determines that P2P power transaction is possible between the corresponding seller and the buyer.

If it is determined that the transaction is possible in step S220, the control unit 130 matches the seller and the buyer (S230).

Hereinafter, step S230 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9.

6 is a flow chart for explaining step S230 shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 6, first, the controller 130 arranges a seller and a buyer by pairing a desired transaction price and a desired transaction volume (S231).

That is, the controller 130 sorts the sellers in ascending order using the desired transaction price, and the buyer sorts them in descending order.

Then, the control unit 130 extracts the maximum value of the desired sales price from the sorted list of desired sales prices and the minimum value of the desired purchase price from the ordered list of desired sales prices. Further, the control unit 130 determines whether the maximum value of the extracted desired selling price is less than or equal to the minimum value of the desired purchase price (S232).

When the maximum value of the desired selling price extracted in step S232 is less than or equal to the minimum value of the desired purchase price, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer.

Then, the control unit 130 compares the transaction volume of the matched seller and the buyer. That is, the controller 130 determines whether the seller's desired sales amount is smaller than the buyer's desired purchase amount and concludes the transaction (S233).

As a result of the comparison in step S233, if the seller's desired sales amount is smaller than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller 130 matches only the seller's desired sales amount and concludes the transaction (S234).

On the other hand, when the seller's desired sales amount is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller 130 matches only the buyer's desired purchase amount and concludes the transaction (S235).

Meanwhile, when the maximum value of the desired selling price extracted in step S232 is greater than the minimum value of the desired purchase price, the control unit 130 transmits a signal for price adjustment to all participating sellers and buyers to adjust the transaction price. Performs (S236).

Hereinafter, step S236 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining step S236 shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing the result of parallel movement of the P2P power purchase marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. Is an exemplary diagram showing the result of the parallel movement of the P2P power selling marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7.

As shown in FIG. 7, first, the control unit 130 determines whether the maximum value extracted from the list of the desired selling price is less than or equal to the minimum value extracted from the list of the desired purchase price (S232).

And if the maximum value of the desired selling price is greater than the minimum value of the desired purchase price and it is determined that the transaction between the seller and the buyer is impossible, the control unit 130 is Extract the value. Further, the controller 130 determines whether the maximum value of the extracted desired selling price is less than or equal to the maximum value of the desired purchase price (S236-1).

At this time, if the maximum value of the extracted desired selling price is greater than the maximum value of the desired purchase price, it is determined that a transaction between the seller and the buyer is impossible. Therefore, the control unit 130 extracts the minimum value from the sorted desired sales price list and the maximum value from the sorted desired purchase price list. Then, the control unit 130 determines whether the extracted minimum value of the desired selling price is less than or equal to the maximum value of the desired purchase price (S236-2).

On the other hand, if it is determined that the transaction is possible in steps S236-1 and S236-2, the control unit 130 performs step S233.

On the other hand, if the minimum value of the desired selling price is greater than the maximum value of the desired purchase price extracted in step S236-2, the controller 130 determines that adjustment is necessary for the transaction between the seller and the traders. Accordingly, the control unit 130 extracts a minimum price from among the desired sales prices input from a plurality of sellers and a maximum price from among the desired purchase prices input from a plurality of buyers, and calculates a difference between them. And so that the desired transaction price can be adjusted according to the calculated price difference, the control unit 130 transmits information on the price difference to all participants (S236-3).

Then, the seller and buyer who are requested to adjust the desired transaction price recalculate the appropriate desired transaction price (S236-4).

In general, as more people sell, the supply curve shifts to the right, and the fewer people sell, the supply curve shifts to the left. Therefore, the seller and the buyer calculate the appropriate cost by translating the marginal cost function curve.

For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the load required by the purchaser is 85, the load purchased from the system is 0, the load output from the generator is 35, and the load to be purchased from P2P is 50. (This is indicated by black curves in Figs. 3 and 8).

And, as shown in Fig. 8, the purchaser moves the initial purchase curve (black) to the left so that it becomes a blue curve. Then, at the point where the incremental ratio corresponds to the existing yellow dotted line, the load amount due to P2P power purchase is 35, and the load amount due to the generator output is 35 and only 70 outputs. I can't afford it. Therefore, the marginal cost increases as much as the yellow-green spot. Then, the load by the generator output is about 40, and the P2P power purchase can afford about 45, so that the required load of 85 can be supplied.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 9, the seller lowers the curve for the price. (In FIG. 9, it is indicated by a green dotted line). Then, the marginal utility curve due to actual sales has the effect of shifting to the left from the existing curve, and this can achieve the effect of reducing sales volume.

When the price adjustment is completed in step S236, all sellers and all purchasers transmit the adjusted desired transaction price to the control unit 130. Then, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer using the adjusted desired transaction price.

All sellers and buyers participating in the transaction repeat steps S231 to S236 until they are mutually matched.

In this way, when step S230 is completed, the transaction settlement unit 140 outputs a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction settlement (S240).

That is, the transaction settlement unit 140 considers to conclude a contract with the matched transaction price and the transaction volume through the control unit 130.

As described above, the P2P type power transaction system according to the present invention can generate potential profits through transactions between participants even in a special situation in which the surplus generation amount of the renewable power source does not occur or sales through the system are impossible.

In addition, according to the present invention, the P2P type power trading system is a P2P power trading system according to uncertainty about the price that can occur in real time, prediction error in real time about load or renewable power generation, line congestion or voltage error, etc. By adjusting prices, you can gain potential gains by closing a deal between the seller and the buyer.

The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but these are only exemplary, and those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various modifications and other equivalent embodiments are possible therefrom. will be. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the following claims.

100: power trading system
110: receiver
120: judgment unit
130: control unit
140: transaction settlement department

Claims (12)

In the power transaction system using the P2P method,
A receiver that receives P2P power transaction request information including a desired sales amount or desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price, and a desired transaction time from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct P2P (Peer to Peer) power transactions,
A determination unit that determines whether P2P power transaction of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information,
If it is determined that the transaction is impossible, the minimum price from the desired sales price input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price from the desired purchase price input from a plurality of buyers are extracted, and the difference is calculated, and the transaction according to the calculated price difference A control unit that controls the price, and
Power trading system including a transaction settlement unit for outputting a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction when the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price. The method of claim 1,
The determination unit,
Participating prosumers are classified as buyers or sellers, and if there is a seller or buyer who can trade by time slot, the transaction price and volume are sorted by time slot using the received P2P power transaction request information, but in the case of sellers, sort in ascending order. In the case of buyers, a power trading system that sorts in descending order. The method of claim 2,
The determination unit,
A power transaction system that determines that P2P power transactions between the corresponding seller and buyer are possible if the highest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of buyers. The method of claim 2,
The control unit,
When the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase quantity, the transaction between the seller and the buyer is matched by the buyer's desired purchase quantity. The method of claim 4,
The control unit,
A power trading system that matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer as much as the seller's desired sales volume when the seller's desired power transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired power transaction price and the seller's desired sales volume is less than the buyer's desired purchase quantity. The method of claim 5,
The control unit,
Matching is performed between sellers and buyers by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to the pre-set marginal cost function of distributed power, and each time the matching is repeated, the transaction price increases but P2P power transactions are concluded at a price lower than the sale cost of distributed power. Power trading system. In the P2P method of power trading using a power trading system,
Receiving P2P power transaction request information including a desired sales volume or desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price, and a desired transaction time from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct P2P (Peer to Peer) power transactions,
Determining whether P2P power transaction of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information,
If it is determined that the transaction is impossible, the minimum price from the desired sales price input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price from the desired purchase price input from a plurality of buyers are extracted, and the difference is calculated, and the transaction according to the calculated price difference The step of adjusting the price, and
Power trading method comprising the step of outputting a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction when the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price. The method of claim 7,
The step of determining whether the power transaction is possible,
Participating prosumers are classified as buyers or sellers, and if there is a seller or buyer who can trade by time slot, the transaction price and volume are sorted by time slot using the received P2P power transaction request information, but in the case of sellers, sort in ascending order. In the case of buyers, a power trading method that sorts in descending order. The method of claim 8,
The step of determining whether the power transaction is possible,
Power transaction method in which P2P power transaction between the corresponding seller and buyer is possible if the highest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of buyers. The method of claim 8,
The step of matching the seller and the buyer,
An electric power transaction method that matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer as much as the buyer's desired purchase quantity when the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase quantity. The method of claim 10,
The step of matching the seller and the buyer,
A power transaction method that matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the seller's desired sales volume when the seller's desired power transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired power transaction price and the seller's desired sales volume is less than the buyer's desired purchase volume. The method of claim 11,
The step of matching the seller and the buyer,
Matching is performed between sellers and buyers by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to the pre-set marginal cost function of distributed power, and each time the matching is repeated, the transaction price increases but P2P power transactions are concluded at a price lower than the sale cost of distributed power. How to trade power.

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