KR102284516B1 - Energy Trading System Using Peer-to-peer and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power trading system using a P2P method and a method therefor.
According to the present invention, a receiver for receiving P2P power transaction request information including a desired sales amount or desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price and a desired transaction time from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct a P2P power transaction, the received P2P power transaction request A judgment unit that determines whether P2P electricity transaction of participating prosumers using the information is possible. A control unit that extracts and calculates the difference between include
As described above, the P2P-type electricity trading system according to the present invention can create potential profits through transactions between participants even in special situations where surplus power generation from renewable power sources does not occur or it is impossible to sell to the system.

Description

Electricity trading system and method using P2P method {Energy Trading System Using Peer-to-peer and method thereof}

The present invention relates to a power trading system using a P2P method and a method therefor, and more particularly, as small-scale renewable energy increases, power sharing and trading between individuals is possible, but a P2P method that can maintain profitability according to power transaction. It relates to a power trading system and method using the same.

With the increase in the spread of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as various renewable energy sources including solar power and energy storage devices, consumers who consume electrical energy gradually change into prosumers who consume and supply at the same time. The number is on the rise.

In addition, advances in Information Convergence Technology (ICT) such as sensor technology and communication network technology have made it possible for small prosumers to self-manage energy. Therefore, prosumers did not simply perform their own energy management efficiently, but tried to efficiently manage energy through peer-to-peer (P2P) power transactions with other prosumers nearby.

P2P power transaction is generally caused by the following situations.

First, a P2P power transaction occurs when a prosumer (seller) presents the surplus of the generated renewable power source as a power transaction amount or when a buyer occurs as a result of presenting the transaction amount through the discharge of the owning energy storage system (ESS). do.

In addition, when a prosumer (buyer) or a consumer wants to purchase electricity for a specific purpose, or when a prosumer (seller) wants to store surplus energy in their own energy storage system (ESS), When responding by selling through discharge, a P2P power transaction occurs.

Here, the surplus amount of the renewable power source means the amount of power remaining after subtracting the power generation amount of the renewable power source from the consumption load of the prosumer (seller).

Meanwhile, in Korea, P2P electricity transactions are being conducted in a structure that can generate electricity from small-scale distributed power sources through fee offsetting (10 kW or less) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) (1,000 kW or less). .

However, in the case of fee offsetting, electricity remaining after the offsetting cannot be traded to KEPCO or the electricity market, and PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) is not profitable, so it is excluded from the purchase volume under the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) system. There were limitations such as

The technology that is the background of the present invention is disclosed in Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1954590 (2019.03.06. Announcement).

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a power trading system and method using the P2P method that enables power sharing and trading between individuals and maintains profitability according to power trading as small-scale renewable energy increases. there is.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving this technical problem, in a power trading system and method using a P2P method, a desired sales volume or a desired purchase amount, power A receiving unit that receives P2P power transaction request information including a desired transaction price and a desired transaction time, a determining unit that determines whether P2P power transaction of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information, and when it is determined that the transaction is impossible , a control unit that extracts the minimum price among the desired sale prices input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price among the desired purchase prices input from the plurality of buyers, calculates the mutual difference, and adjusts the transaction price according to the calculated price difference And, when the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price, it includes a contract execution unit for outputting a final approval signal according to the termination of the transaction.

The determination unit classifies the participating prosumers as buyers or sellers, and if there is a seller or buyer who can transact by time zone, the received P2P power transaction request information is used to sort the transaction price and transaction volume by time zone, but in the case of the seller You can sort in ascending order and in the case of buyers in descending order.

The determination unit may determine that a P2P power transaction is possible between the corresponding seller and the buyer if the highest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of buyers. there is.

When the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller may match the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the buyer's desired purchase amount.

When the seller's desired electricity transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired electricity transaction price and the seller's desired sales volume is smaller than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller may match the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the seller's desired sales volume.

The control unit performs matching between the seller and the buyer by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to the preset distributed power marginal cost function, and each time the matching is repeated, the transaction price increases, but at a price lower than the selling cost of distributed power supply P2P Electricity trades can be made.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a P2P power trading method using a power trading system, a desired sales volume or a desired purchase amount, a desired power transaction price and Receiving P2P power transaction request information including a desired transaction time, determining whether P2P power transaction of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information, If it is determined that the transaction is impossible, from a plurality of sellers Extracting a minimum price from among the input desired sale prices and a maximum price from among the desired purchase prices input from a plurality of buyers, calculating the mutual difference, adjusting the transaction price according to the calculated price difference, and regulated transaction When the transaction is completed according to the price, outputting a final approval signal according to the end of the transaction.

As described above, the P2P-type electricity trading system according to the present invention can create potential profits through transactions between participants even in special situations where surplus power generation from renewable power sources does not occur or it is impossible to sell to the grid.

In addition, according to the present invention, the seller and the buyer adjust the P2P electricity transaction price according to the uncertainty about the price that may occur in real time or the prediction error in real time for the load or new and renewable power generation, line congestion or voltage error, etc. You can get potential profits by closing the transaction.

1 is a configuration diagram for explaining a P2P power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a flowchart illustrating a peer-to-peer power trading method using a power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram illustrating a P2P power purchase curve initially set by a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2 .
4 is a diagram illustrating a P2P power sales curve initially set by a prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2 .
FIG. 5A shows the marginal utility curve of the prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2 .
FIG. 5B shows a price curve of a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2 .
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining step S230 shown in FIG. 2 .
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining step S236 shown in FIG. 6 .
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing the result according to the parallel shift of the P2P power purchase marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7 .
FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram showing the result according to the parallel shift of the P2P power sales marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7 .

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this process, the thickness of the lines or the size of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation.

In addition, the terms to be described later are terms defined in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may vary according to the intention or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, definitions of these terms should be made based on the content throughout this specification.

Hereinafter, a P2P power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 .

1 is a configuration diagram for explaining a P2P power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the power trading system 100 of the P2P method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a receiving unit 110 , a determining unit 120 , a control unit 130 , and a contract signing unit 140 .

First, the receiver 110 receives P2P power transaction request information from a plurality of prosumers.

In other words, prosumers refer to consumers and producers who participate in power generation while consuming power (or energy). Accordingly, from among the plurality of prosumers, the seller inputs P2P power transaction request information including the amount of electricity to be sold, the desired selling price, and the desired time for the transaction through the terminal. And, among the plurality of prosumers, the purchaser inputs P2P electricity transaction request information including the amount of electricity to purchase, a desired purchase price, and a desired time to trade.

On the other hand, since a plurality of prosumers have their respective distributed power sources, a cost function exists. Accordingly, the plurality of prosumers sets the transaction price according to the cost function.

Next, the determination unit 120 determines whether P2P power transaction of a plurality of participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information.

That is, the determination unit 120 classifies each participating prosumer by time period using the received P2P power transaction request information, and the determination unit 120 determines whether there is a matching buyer and seller for each classified time period. decide whether

Then, the control unit 130 matches the plurality of sellers and the plurality of buyers using the transaction price according to the determination result of the determination unit 120 .

In other words, the controller 130 matches the desired selling prices input from the plurality of sellers with the desired purchase prices input from the plurality of buyers. In this case, the matching desired selling price represents the lowest price among the desired selling prices input from the plurality of sellers. In addition, the matching desired purchase price represents the highest price among the desired purchase prices input from a plurality of purchasers. That is, if the lowest desired selling price and the highest desired purchase price are matched, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer to induce a transaction.

Meanwhile, when a transaction cannot be induced because the desired sale price and the desired purchase price do not match, the controller 130 calculates a difference between the desired sale price and the desired purchase price. And the controller 130 adjusts the transaction price according to the calculated price difference, and matches the seller and the buyer using the adjusted transaction price.

Finally, the contract execution unit 140 outputs a final approval signal according to the conclusion of the transaction. That is, when the transaction between the seller and the buyer matched through the control unit 130 is completed, the transaction execution unit 140 outputs a final approval signal indicating that the transaction has been concluded.

Hereinafter, a P2P power trading method using a power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9 .

2 is a flowchart for explaining a peer-to-peer power trading method using a power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a P2P power initially set by a prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG. It is a view showing the purchase curve, FIG. 4 is a view showing the P2P power sales curve initially set by the prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5a is the prosumer (seller) in step S210 shown in FIG. ), and FIG. 5B shows the price curve of the prosumer (buyer) in step S210 shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2 , first, each of the plurality of prosumers accesses the power trading system 100 through a user terminal and inputs P2P power transaction request information ( S210 ).

Here, the P2P electricity transaction request information includes a desired sales volume or a desired purchase amount for a P2P electricity transaction, a desired electricity transaction price, and a desired transaction time.

On the other hand, the electricity transaction desired price represents the initial price determined by the prosumer. In other words, prosumers derive a cost function to generate profits for the distributed power supply they operate. That is, the prosumer sets the cost function using the cost required for purchasing from the system and the operating cost of the distributed power supply it possesses. Accordingly, prosumers can set the cost for purchasing and selling P2P power using the set cost function.

To explain this in more detail, first, prosumers who want to purchase electricity, that is, buyers, want to trade at a price lower than the price to purchase electricity from the grid. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 , the purchaser is set to purchase at the lowest price when making the first purchase, and to purchase at the same price as the system price when purchasing the last unit. However, the maximum purchaseable amount is limited by the prosumer's net demand. Here, the net demand refers to the amount remaining after excluding the renewable power generation from the load when the basic load is greater than the renewable power generation, as opposed to the surplus power generation.

And, prosumers who want to sell electricity, that is, Sellers want to sell at a price higher than the price they buy from the network because they need to generate a profit. In other words, in the case of sales, since there is a limit to the maximum possible additional power generation or additional output of the distributed power source, the selling price must be greater than the marginal cost of the additional power generation of the minimum distributed power source. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4 , the seller should exclude the cost for the additional power generation of the internal power source from the sales profit, so the corresponding part is reflected in the cost function. In addition, since the maximum sellable amount on the price curve is the sum of the sellable amounts of all distributed power sources, the seller sets the maximum value of the marginal cost of the distributed power source as the selling price.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5A , in the case of a seller, the marginal utility obtained may decrease toward the maximum sales according to the law of diminishing marginal utility, and thus may have a marginal utility curve as shown in FIG. 5B . On the other hand, in the case of the buyer, the purchase price is cheaper than the system price, and when purchasing the maximum value, the system price must not be exceeded.

When step S210 is completed, the receiver 110 receives P2P power transaction request information input from a plurality of prosumers. Then, the receiving unit 110 transmits the received P2P power transaction request information to the determining unit 120 .

Then, the determination unit 120 determines whether the P2P power transaction of the participating prosumers is possible using the received P2P power transaction request information (S220).

In other words, first, the determination unit 120 classifies the participating prosumers as buyers or sellers. Then, the determination unit 120 classifies the buyer or the seller by time period using the received desired transaction time.

Next, the determination unit 120 determines whether there is a tradeable seller or buyer for each time period.

If it is determined that the transaction is possible, the determination unit 120 aligns the transaction price and the transaction amount. That is, the determination unit 120 sorts the seller's desired selling price in ascending order, and sorts the buyer's desired purchase price in descending order.

Next, the determination unit 120 compares the highest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of sellers with the lowest price among the transaction prices input from the plurality of buyers. And when it is determined that the seller's price is less than or equal to the buyer's price, the determination unit 120 determines that P2P power transaction is possible between the corresponding seller and the buyer.

If it is determined that the transaction is possible in step S220, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer (S230).

Hereinafter, step S230 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9 .

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining step S230 shown in FIG. 2 .

As shown in FIG. 6 , first, the controller 130 aligns the seller and the buyer by pairing the desired transaction price with the desired transaction amount ( S231 ).

That is, the controller 130 sorts the sellers in ascending order using the desired transaction price, and sorts the buyers in descending order.

Then, the control unit 130 extracts the maximum value of the desired sale price from the sorted desired sale price list and the minimum value of the desired purchase price from the sorted desired purchase price list. Then, the control unit 130 determines whether the maximum value of the extracted desired selling price is less than or equal to the minimum value of the desired purchase price (S232).

When the maximum value of the desired selling price extracted in step S232 is less than or equal to the minimum value of the desired purchase price, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer.

Next, the control unit 130 compares the transaction volume of the matched seller and the buyer. That is, the controller 130 determines whether the seller's desired sales volume is smaller than the buyer's desired purchase amount and concludes the transaction (S233).

As a result of the comparison in step S233, if the seller's desired sales volume is less than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the control unit 130 matches only the seller's desired sales volume and concludes a transaction (S234)

On the other hand, when the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the controller 130 matches only the buyer's desired purchase amount and concludes the transaction ( S235 ).

On the other hand, when the maximum value of the desired selling price extracted in step S232 is greater than the minimum value of the desired purchase price, the control unit 130 transmits a signal for price adjustment to all participating sellers and buyers to adjust the transaction price. to perform (S236).

Hereinafter, step S236 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 .

7 is a flowchart for explaining step S236 shown in FIG. 6 , and FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram showing the result according to the parallel shift of the P2P power purchase marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG. 7 , FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram showing the result according to the parallel shift of the P2P power sales marginal cost curve in step S236-4 shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7 , first, the controller 130 determines whether the maximum value extracted from the list of desired selling prices is less than or equal to the minimum value extracted from the list of desired purchase prices ( S232 ).

And when it is determined that the transaction between the seller and the buyer is impossible because the maximum value of the desired selling price is greater than the minimum value of the desired purchase price, the controller 130 controls the maximum value in the sorted desired sale price list and the maximum value in the sorted desired purchase price list. extract the value Then, the control unit 130 determines whether the extracted maximum value of the desired selling price is less than or equal to the maximum value of the desired purchase price (S236-1).

At this time, if the maximum value of the extracted desired selling price is greater than the maximum value of the desired purchase price, it is determined that the transaction between the seller and the buyer is impossible. Therefore, the control unit 130 extracts a minimum value from the sorted desired selling price list and a maximum value from the sorted desired purchase price list. Next, the controller 130 determines whether the extracted minimum value of the desired selling price is less than or equal to the maximum value of the desired purchase price (S236-2).

On the other hand, if it is determined that the transaction is possible in steps S236-1 and S236-2, the controller 130 performs step S233.

On the other hand, if the minimum value of the desired selling price is greater than the maximum value of the desired purchase price extracted in step S236-2, the control unit 130 determines that adjustment is necessary for the transaction between the seller and the traders. Accordingly, the control unit 130 calculates the difference between each extracting the minimum price among the desired sale prices input from the plurality of sellers and the maximum price among the desired purchase prices inputted from the plurality of purchasers, respectively. And so that the desired transaction price can be adjusted according to the calculated price difference, the controller 130 transmits information about the price difference to all participants (S236-3).

Then, the seller and the buyer, who have been requested to adjust the desired transaction price, recalculate an appropriate desired transaction price (S236-4).

In other words, in general, as more people sell, the supply curve shifts to the right, and as fewer sellers sell, the supply curve shifts to the left. Therefore, the seller and the buyer calculate the appropriate cost by translating the marginal cost function curve.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the load required by the buyer is 85, the load purchased from the system is 0, the load output from the generator is 35, and the load to be purchased from P2P is 50 (This is indicated by the black curve in FIGS. 3 and 8).

And, as shown in FIG. 8, the buyer moves the initial purchase curve (black) to the left to become a blue curve. Then, at the point where the increment ratio corresponds to the existing yellow dotted line, the load due to P2P power purchase is 35, and the load by the generator output is 35 and only 70 output, so the required load is 85. can't afford it Therefore, the marginal cost increases as much as the yellow-green point. Then, the load by the generator output is about 40, and the P2P power purchase can cover about 45, so it is possible to supply 85, the required load.

Also, as shown in Figure 9, the seller lowers the curve for the price. (indicated by a green dotted line in FIG. 9). Then, the marginal utility curve due to actual sales has the effect of shifting to the left from the existing curve, which can reduce the sales volume.

When the price adjustment is completed in step S236 , all sellers and all buyers transmit the adjusted desired transaction price to the controller 130 . Then, the controller 130 matches the seller and the buyer using the adjusted desired transaction price.

All sellers and buyers participating in the transaction repeat steps S231 to S236 until they match each other.

In this way, when step S230 is completed, the transaction execution unit 140 outputs a final approval signal according to the completion of the transaction (S240).

That is, the transaction execution unit 140 considers that the contract is concluded with the transaction price and the transaction volume matched through the control unit 130 .

As described above, the P2P-type electricity trading system according to the present invention can create potential profits through transactions between participants even in special situations where surplus power generation from renewable power sources does not occur or it is impossible to sell to the grid.

In addition, according to the present invention, the P2P power trading system performs P2P power trading according to uncertainty about prices that may occur in real time, or prediction errors in real time for loads or new and renewable power generation, and uncertainty due to line congestion or voltage errors, etc. Potential gains can be made by adjusting prices to close deals between sellers and buyers.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings, which is merely exemplary, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. will be. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the following claims.

100: power trading system
110: receiver
120: judgment unit
130: control unit
140: transaction execution unit

Claims (12)

In the power trading system using the P2P method,
A receiver for receiving P2P power transaction request information including a desired sales amount or a desired purchase amount, a desired electricity transaction price, and a desired transaction time from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct a P2P (Peer to Peer) electricity transaction;
Using the received P2P power transaction request information, the participating prosumers are classified as buyers or sellers, and if there are sellers or buyers who can transact by time zone, the transaction price and volume for each time zone are calculated using the received P2P power transaction request information. Sort, but sort in ascending order in the case of the seller and in descending order in the case of the buyer, and a judgment unit that determines whether P2P power transaction between the seller and the buyer is possible;
When it is determined that the transaction is impossible, the minimum price among the desired sale prices input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price among the desired purchase prices input from the plurality of buyers are extracted, respectively, and the mutual difference is calculated, and the transaction according to the calculated price difference a control unit for controlling the price; and
When the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price, it includes a transaction execution unit that outputs a final approval signal according to the termination of transaction execution,
The control unit is
Matching between seller and buyer is performed by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to the preset distributed power marginal cost function. Each time the matching is repeated, the transaction price increases, but P2P electricity transaction is made at a price lower than the selling cost of distributed power. electricity trading system. delete According to claim 1,
The judging unit,
If the highest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of buyers, it is determined that the P2P electricity transaction is possible between the corresponding seller and the buyer. According to claim 1,
The control unit is
When the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the electricity trading system matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the buyer's desired purchase amount. 5. The method of claim 4,
The control unit is
When the seller's desired electricity transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired electricity transaction price and the seller's desired sales volume is less than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the electricity trading system matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the seller's desired sales amount. delete In the P2P power trading method using the power trading system,
Receiving P2P power transaction request information including a desired sales amount or desired purchase amount, a desired electricity transaction price, and a desired transaction time from a plurality of prosumers who wish to conduct a P2P (Peer to Peer) electricity transaction;
Using the received P2P power transaction request information, the participating prosumers are classified as buyers or sellers, and if there are sellers or buyers who can transact by time zone, the transaction price and volume for each time zone are calculated using the received P2P power transaction request information. sorting, but sorting in ascending order in the case of the seller and in descending order in the case of the buyer, and determining whether P2P power transaction between the sorted seller and the buyer is possible;
When it is determined that the transaction is impossible, the minimum price among the desired sale prices input from a plurality of sellers and the maximum price among the desired purchase prices input from the plurality of buyers are extracted, respectively, and the mutual difference is calculated, and the transaction according to the calculated price difference adjusting the price; and
When the transaction is completed according to the adjusted transaction price, outputting a final approval signal according to the conclusion of the transaction.
The step of matching the seller and the buyer is,
Matching between seller and buyer is performed by repeatedly adjusting the transaction price according to the preset distributed power marginal cost function. Each time the matching is repeated, the transaction price increases, but P2P electricity transaction is made at a price lower than the selling cost of distributed power. How to trade electricity. delete 8. The method of claim 7,
The step of determining whether the power transaction is possible,
If the highest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of sellers is less than or equal to the lowest price among the transaction prices input from a plurality of buyers, it is determined that a P2P electricity transaction is possible between the corresponding seller and the buyer. 8. The method of claim 7,
The step of matching the seller and the buyer is,
When the seller's price is lower than the buyer's price and the seller's desired sales volume is greater than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the electricity trading method matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the buyer's desired purchase amount. 11. The method of claim 10,
The step of matching the seller and the buyer is,
When the seller's desired electricity transaction price is lower than the buyer's desired electricity transaction price and the seller's desired sales volume is less than the buyer's desired purchase amount, the electricity transaction method matches the transaction between the seller and the buyer by the seller's desired sales volume. delete

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