KR20210007907A - Refrigeration and/or liquefaction device - Google Patents

Refrigeration and/or liquefaction device Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20210007907A
KR20210007907A KR1020200085325A KR20200085325A KR20210007907A KR 20210007907 A KR20210007907 A KR 20210007907A KR 1020200085325 A KR1020200085325 A KR 1020200085325A KR 20200085325 A KR20200085325 A KR 20200085325A KR 20210007907 A KR20210007907 A KR 20210007907A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
turbines
shaft
working
working fluid
circuit
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020200085325A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
피에르 바르주
Original Assignee
레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레뜌드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드
레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드
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Application filed by 레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레뜌드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드, 레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드 filed Critical 레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레뜌드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드
Publication of KR20210007907A publication Critical patent/KR20210007907A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
    • F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
    • F25B11/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders centrifugal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0017—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0075—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/005—Adaptations for refrigeration plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/002—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with parallel working cold producing expansion devices in one circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/005—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using an expander of the rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
    • F25B2309/022—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect characterised by the expansion element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
    • F25B2309/023—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect with two stage expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/21—Reduction of parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cryogenic refrigeration and/or liquefaction device, wherein the refrigeration and/or liquefaction device comprises a working circuit (2) including a working fluid. The working circuit (2) comprises, in series, a mechanism (5) for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism (7) for expanding the working fluid, and a mechanism (6) for heating the working fluid. The expansion mechanism comprises two centripetal expansion turbines (7), which are each mounted at both ends of a single shaft (8), and the two turbines (7) have blades (9) oriented to be opposed in the direction of the shaft (8). According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the capacity of a facility without increasing the volume of the facility.

Description

냉동 및/또는 액화 장치{REFRIGERATION AND/OR LIQUEFACTION DEVICE}Refrigeration and/or liquefaction device {REFRIGERATION AND/OR LIQUEFACTION DEVICE}

본 발명은 극저온 유형의 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a cryogenic type refrigeration and/or liquefaction device.

본 발명은 보다 특히, 작업 유체를 포함하는 작업 회로를 포함하는, 극저온 유형의 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치에 관한 것이고, 작업 회로는 직렬로: 작업 유체를 냉각하기 위한 메커니즘, 작업 유체를 팽창시키기 위한 메커니즘, 및 작업 유체를 가열하기 위한 메커니즘을 포함한다.The present invention more particularly relates to a cryogenic type refrigeration and/or liquefaction apparatus comprising a working circuit comprising a working fluid, the working circuit in series: a mechanism for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism for expanding the working fluid. A mechanism, and a mechanism for heating the working fluid.

극저온 유형의 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치는 일반적으로 작업 가스를 팽창시키기 위한 하나 이상의 터빈을 갖는다.Refrigeration and/or liquefaction devices of the cryogenic type generally have one or more turbines for expanding the working gas.

일반적으로, 가스 터빈은, 유용한 기계적 토크를 압축기 휠에 전달하기 위해서, 압축기 휠과 동일한 샤프트에 장착되거나, 터빈에 대향되는 샤프트의 단부에 위치되는 제동 휠을 포함하는 샤프트에 장착된다.In general, gas turbines are mounted on the same shaft as the compressor wheel, or on a shaft that includes a braking wheel located at the end of the shaft opposite the turbine in order to transmit useful mechanical torque to the compressor wheel.

그러한 제동 휠은, 터빈이 설치된 회전 샤프트의 회전을 제동한다. 이러한 제동 휠은 일반적으로, 휠 내에서 압축되고, 이어서 냉각 공급원에 의해서 저온으로 유지되는 교환기 내에서 냉각되고, 이어서 (예를 들어, 팽창 밸브 내에서) 팽창되는 제동 가스의 폐쇄 회로 내에 위치된다. 바람직하게, 제동 회로 내에서 순환하는 이러한 가스는 팽창 터빈측의 작업 유체와 동일할 수 있다.Such a brake wheel brakes the rotation of the rotating shaft on which the turbine is installed. These braking wheels are generally placed in a closed circuit of braking gas that is compressed in the wheel, then cooled in an exchanger maintained at a low temperature by a cooling source, and then expanded (eg, in an expansion valve). Preferably, this gas circulating in the braking circuit can be the same as the working fluid on the side of the expansion turbine.

이러한 해결책은 부피를 증가시키고, 설치 비용을 증가시킨다. 이는, 고온 부품(제동 휠을 위한 제동 회로)을 극저온 온도(작업 회로)의 부품에 가능한 한 근접하여 제공할 필요가 있고 제동 회로측에서 (바람직하게 주변 온도에 근접하여) 냉각 공급원의 일정한 공급을 관리할 필요가 있기 때문이다.This solution increases the volume and increases the installation cost. It is necessary to provide a high-temperature component (braking circuit for the brake wheel) as close as possible to the component at a cryogenic temperature (work circuit) and to provide a constant supply of the cooling source (preferably close to the ambient temperature) on the braking circuit side. Because it needs to be managed.

본 발명의 목적은, 전술한 종래 기술의 단점의 전부 또는 일부를 해결하는 것이다.It is an object of the present invention to solve all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art described above.

이를 위해서, 다른 측면에서 전술한 서두에서 주어진 일반적인 정의에 따르는, 본 발명에 따른 장치는 본질적으로, 팽창 메커니즘이, 단일 샤프트의 2개의 단부에 각각 장착되는 구심적 유형의 2개의 팽창 터빈을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하고, 2개의 터빈은 샤프트의 방향으로 대향되는 방식으로 배향되는 베인을 갖는다.To this end, in accordance with the general definition given in the foregoing introduction in another aspect, the device according to the invention essentially comprises two expansion turbines of a centripetal type, each of which has an expansion mechanism mounted at two ends of a single shaft. The two turbines have vanes oriented in an opposite manner in the direction of the shaft.

또한, 본 발명의 실시예는 이하의 특징 중 하나 이상을 가질 수 있다: In addition, embodiments of the present invention may have one or more of the following features:

- 작업 회로는, 직렬로 그리고 냉각 메커니즘의 상류에 배치되는 작업 유체를 압축하기 위한 메커니즘을 포함하고,-The working circuit comprises a mechanism for compressing the working fluid arranged in series and upstream of the cooling mechanism,

- 작업 가스는 2개의 터빈을 수반하는 샤프트에 대해서 횡방향으로 2개의 터빈에 진입되며, 터빈 내에서 팽창된 가스 스트림은, 샤프트에 실질적으로 평행한 대향 방향들로 각각의 터빈으로부터 배기되며,-The working gas enters the two turbines transversely to the shaft carrying the two turbines, and the gas stream expanded in the turbine is exhausted from each turbine in opposite directions substantially parallel to the shaft,

- 2개의 터빈은, 2개의 터빈 사이의 작업 유체의 냉각 또는 가열과 관련하여, 작업 회로 내에서 직접적으로 즉, 중간 열 교환이 없이 직렬로 배치되고,-Two turbines are arranged directly in the working circuit, i.e. in series without intermediate heat exchange, with respect to cooling or heating of the working fluid between the two turbines,

- 2개의 터빈은 작업 회로 내에서 직렬로 배치되고, 2개의 터빈 사이의 작업 유체의 냉각 및/또는 가열과 관련하여 중간 열 교환 시스템을 가지며,-The two turbines are arranged in series within the working circuit and have an intermediate heat exchange system with respect to cooling and/or heating of the working fluid between the two turbines,

- 2개의 터빈은 작업 회로 내에서 병렬로 배치되며,-Two turbines are placed in parallel within the working circuit,

- 장치는 2개의 터빈을 수반하는 샤프트의 회전을 제동하기 위한 시스템을 포함하고,-The device comprises a system for braking the rotation of the shaft accompanying two turbines,

- 제동 시스템은 유도 유형이고, 유도 전류의 생성을 통해서 샤프트와 상호작용하는 코일을 포함하고,-The braking system is of the induction type and includes a coil that interacts with the shaft through the generation of an induced current,

- 제동 시스템은 샤프트의 중앙 부분에, 즉 2개의 터빈 사이에 위치되며,-The braking system is located in the central part of the shaft, i.e. between the two turbines,

- 제동 시스템은 주변 온도에서 동작하는 또는 극저온 냉각 온도에서 동작하는 유형의 얼터네이터(alternator)를 포함하고,-The braking system comprises an alternator of the type operating at ambient temperature or operating at cryogenic cooling temperatures,

- 회전 샤프트는 롤링 베어링 또는 특히 자기, 가스, 또는 오일 유형의 베어링을 갖는 시스템에 의해서 지지되고,-The rotating shaft is supported by rolling bearings or in particular systems with bearings of the magnetic, gas or oil type,

- 장치는 작업 회로 내에서 순환하는 작업 유체와의 열 교환에서 냉각되는 유체의 회로를 갖는다.-The device has a circuit of fluid that is cooled in heat exchange with the working fluid circulating within the working circuit.

본 발명은 또한, 청구항의 범위에 포함되는 전술한 또는 후술되는 특징의 임의의 조합을 포함하는 대안적인 장치 또는 프로세스와 관련될 수 있다.The invention may also be directed to an alternative apparatus or process comprising any combination of the above-described or hereinafter described features that are included within the scope of the claims.

다른 특별한 특징 및 장점이, 도면을 참조한, 이하의 설명으로부터 명확해질 것이다.Other special features and advantages will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings.

도 1은 본 발명을 구현할 수 있는 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치의 가능한 예의 구조 및 동작을 설명하는 개략적인 부분도를 도시한다.
도 2는 그러한 장치의 상세 부분 그리고 특히 단일 샤프트 상의 2개의 터빈의 배열을 설명하는 개략적인 부분도를 도시한다.1 shows a schematic partial view illustrating the structure and operation of a possible example of a refrigeration and/or liquefaction apparatus in which the present invention can be implemented.
Figure 2 shows a detailed part of such a device and in particular a schematic partial view illustrating the arrangement of two turbines on a single shaft.

비제한적인 예로서 도시된 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치(1)는 극저온 유형의 장치이다. 이는, 냉동 장치가 작업 가스를 낮은 온도, 특히 - 100 ℃ 내지 - 273 ℃로 냉각한다는 것을 의미한다.The freezing and/or liquefaction device 1 shown as a non-limiting example is a cryogenic type device. This means that the refrigeration device cools the working gas to a low temperature, in particular from -100°C to -273°C.

작업 회로(2)는 작업 유체, 특히: 예를 들어 수소, 헬륨, 질소, 산소, 일산화탄소, 이산화탄소 및 메탄 중 적어도 하나를 포함한다.The working circuit 2 comprises a working fluid, in particular: for example at least one of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane.

장치(1)는, 작업 회로(2) 내에서 순환하는 작업 유체와의 (직접적 또는 간접적인) 열 교환에 의해서 적어도 하나의 부재 또는 유체(3)로부터 열을 추출하기 위해서 사용될 수 있다.The device 1 can be used to extract heat from at least one member or fluid 3 by (direct or indirect) heat exchange with a working fluid circulating within the working circuit 2.

작업 회로(2)는 개방형(작업 유체가 회로(2)에 공급되고 작업 유체가 회로(2) 외부로 인출된다는 것을 의미한다) 또는 폐쇄형(폐쇄 회로 내의 작업 유체)일 수 있다. 도시된 예에서, 작업 회로(2)는 폐쇄 유형이고, 직렬로: 작업 유체를 압축하기 위한 메커니즘(4), 작업 유체를 냉각하기 위한 메커니즘(5, 6), 작업 유체를 팽창시키기 위한 메커니즘(7), 및 사이클의 재시작(압축, 냉각, 팽창 등)과 관련하여 작업 유체를 가열하기 위한 메커니즘(6)을 포함한다.The working circuit 2 may be open (meaning that the working fluid is supplied to the circuit 2 and the working fluid is drawn out of the circuit 2) or closed (working fluid in a closed circuit). In the example shown, the working circuit 2 is of the closed type and in series: a mechanism for compressing the working fluid 4, a mechanism for cooling the working fluid 5, 6, a mechanism for expanding the working fluid ( 7), and a mechanism 6 for heating the working fluid in connection with the restart of the cycle (compression, cooling, expansion, etc.).

압축 메커니즘은 선택적인데, 이는 작업 유체가 이미 가압되어 또는 압축되어 이용될 수 있거나 제공될 수 있기 때문이다.The compression mechanism is optional, as the working fluid can be used or provided already pressurized or compressed.

예를 들어, 압축 메커니즘(4)은, 예를 들어 하나 이상의 부피 압축 스테이지에 의해서, 및/또는 예를 들어 원심 유형의 압축기 휠에 의해서 제공되는 하나 이상의 압축 스테이지를 포함한다. 도시된 예에서, 2개의 압축기(4)가 직렬로 배치된다. 또한, 냉각 교환기(5)가 하나의 또는 각각의 압축기(4)의 배출구에 배치될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 작업 유체의 압축은 바람직하게 동엔트로피적(isentropic) 또는 실질적으로 동엔트로피적(또는 등온적)이다.For example, the compression mechanism 4 comprises one or more compression stages provided for example by one or more volumetric compression stages and/or by means of a compressor wheel of the centrifugal type, for example. In the example shown, two compressors 4 are arranged in series. In addition, a cooling exchanger 5 may be arranged at the outlet of one or each compressor 4. For example, the compression of the working fluid is preferably isentropic or substantially isentropic (or isothermal).

이어서, 압축되고 냉각된 가스가 직렬 및/또는 병렬의 복수의 터빈(7) 내에서 팽창될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 팽창은 바람직하게 동엔트로피적(또는 등온적)이다. 따라서, 2개의 팽창 스테이지들 사이에서, 작업 유체는, 압축 메커니즘으로 복귀되는 작업 유체와 향류(counter-current)로 교환하는 하나 이상의 교환기(6)에 의해서, 프로세스의 바람직한 아키텍처에 따라서 가열 또는 냉각될 수 있다. 팽창 스테이지들 사이의 가열 또는 냉각은 바람직하게 등압적 또는 실질적으로 등압적이다.The compressed and cooled gas can then be expanded in a plurality of turbines 7 in series and/or in parallel. For example, the swelling is preferably isentropic (or isothermal). Thus, between the two expansion stages, the working fluid may be heated or cooled depending on the desired architecture of the process, by means of one or more exchangers 6 exchanged counter-current with the working fluid returned to the compression mechanism I can. The heating or cooling between the expansion stages is preferably isostatic or substantially isostatic.

구체적으로, 냉각 작업 유체는 이어서, 사이클의 재시작을 위해서 압축 메커니즘으로 복귀되기 전에, 이러한 교환기(6) 내에서 가열될 수 있다.Specifically, the cooling working fluid can then be heated in this exchanger 6 before returning to the compression mechanism for restarting the cycle.

냉각되는 가스(및/또는 액화되는 가스)가, 목표 온도에 도달할 때까지, 교환기(5)를 갖는 회로(12) 내에서 열 교환되게 배치될 수 있고, 예를 들어 액화될 수 있고 저장부(11) 내에서 수집될 수 있다.The gas to be cooled (and/or the gas to be liquefied) may be arranged to be heat-exchanged within the circuit 12 with the exchanger 5 until the target temperature is reached, for example to be liquefied and stored (11) can be collected within.

변형예로서 또는 조합으로, 기구를 냉각하는 것과 관련하여 및/또는 액화된 가스를 사용자에게 공급하는 것과 관련하여, 작업 가스 자체가 액화되고 컨테이너 내에 저장될 수 있다.As a variant or in combination, the working gas itself can be liquefied and stored in a container, in connection with cooling the appliance and/or in connection with supplying a liquefied gas to the user.

본 발명에 따라, 팽창 메커니즘은, 단일 샤프트(8)의 2개의 단부에 각각 장착되는 구심적 유형의 2개의 팽창 터빈(7)을 포함한다. 이러한 2개의 터빈(7)은 샤프트(8)의 방향으로 대향되는 방식으로 배향된 베인들(9)을 갖는다.According to the invention, the expansion mechanism comprises two expansion turbines 7 of a centripetal type, each mounted on two ends of a single shaft 8. These two turbines 7 have vanes 9 oriented in a manner opposite in the direction of the shaft 8.

통상적으로, 샤프트(8)는 특히 자기, 가스, 오일 또는 다른 유형의 베어링(10) 상에 장착 또는 지지된다.Typically, the shaft 8 is mounted or supported on bearings 10, in particular magnetic, gas, oil or other types.

이는, 팽창 메커니즘이, 단일 샤프트(8)의 2개의 단부에 장착되는 적어도 2개의 터빈(7)을 포함하고, 그 각각이 적어도 일부의 작업 가스의 팽창을 보장한다는 것을 의미한다.This means that the expansion mechanism comprises at least two turbines 7 mounted on two ends of a single shaft 8, each of which ensures the expansion of at least some of the working gas.

이러한 배열은 부가적인 터빈(7)으로 하나의 제동 휠을 대체할 수 있게 하며, 이는 단일 설비 내의 터빈의 수를 증가시키는 것에 의해서 설비의 효율을 개선한다. 설비의 부피를 증가시키지 않고도, 설비의 용량이 증가된다.This arrangement makes it possible to replace one brake wheel with an additional turbine 7, which improves the efficiency of the plant by increasing the number of turbines in a single plant. Without increasing the volume of the plant, the capacity of the plant is increased.

장치(1)는 각각의 샤프트(8)의 2개의 단부에 장착된 복수의 터빈(7)의 쌍을 가질 수 있다.The device 1 may have a plurality of pairs of turbines 7 mounted at two ends of each shaft 8.

따라서, 통상적인 아키텍처와 비교하면, 본 발명은 부가적인 터빈(7)을 부가할 수 있게 한다. 도시된 예에서, 예를 들어 쇄선에 의해서 둘러싸인 터빈(7)이, 본 신규 아키텍처에 의해서 허용되는 부가적인 터빈일 수 있다.Thus, compared to the conventional architecture, the invention makes it possible to add an additional turbine 7. In the example shown, the turbine 7 enclosed by a chain line, for example, may be an additional turbine allowed by the present new architecture.

단일 샤프트(8)에 수반되는 2개의 터빈(7)이 작업 회로(2) 내에서 직렬로 배치될 수 있고, 이는, 직렬의 2개의 터빈(7)이 가스의 단일 스트림의 연속적인 팽창을 보장한다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 배열에서, 투자비가 실질적으로 동일할 때, 이러한 장치를 포함하는 생산 공장의 에너지 효율이 증가된다. 이러한 2개의 팽창 스테이지의 흡입물과 동일한 온도를 획득하기 위해서 그리고 그에 따라 휠들의 크기를 균일하게 하기 위해서, 2개의 터빈 휠이 중간 가열을 포함하도록 배열될 수 있다.Two turbines 7 accompanying a single shaft 8 can be arranged in series in the working circuit 2, which means that two turbines 7 in series ensure the continuous expansion of a single stream of gas. Means to do. In this arrangement, when the investment costs are substantially the same, the energy efficiency of the production plant comprising such devices is increased. In order to obtain the same temperature as the suction of these two expansion stages and accordingly to equalize the size of the wheels, the two turbine wheels can be arranged to include intermediate heating.

변형예로서 또는 조합으로, 단일 샤프트(8)에 수반되는 2개의 터빈(7)이 작업 회로(2) 내에서 병렬로 배치될 수 있고, 이는, 병렬의 2개의 터빈(7)이 작업 가스의 스트림의 2개의 구분된 부분의 팽창을 보장한다는 것을 의미한다(예를 들어 작업 회로(2)의 분지 참조). 이러한 배열에서, 터빈(7)의 개별적인 크기가 감소될 수 있는데, 이는 이러한 경우에 피처리 유체의 총 유동의 일부(예를 들어 50%)가 터빈(7)의 2개의 휠에 각각 할당되기 때문이다.As a variant or in combination, two turbines 7 accompanying a single shaft 8 can be arranged in parallel in the working circuit 2, which means that the two turbines 7 in parallel are This means that it ensures the expansion of the two distinct parts of the stream (see for example the branch of the working circuit 2). In this arrangement, the individual sizes of the turbine 7 can be reduced, since in this case a part of the total flow of the fluid to be treated (e.g. 50%) is allocated to each of the two wheels of the turbine 7. to be.

따라서, 2개의 터빈을 구비하는 샤프트(8)의 축방향 힘 및 반경방향 힘이 샤프트(8)의 중간 지점에 대한 2개의 터빈의 대칭적인 구성으로 인해서 보상될 수 있다.Thus, the axial and radial forces of the shaft 8 with the two turbines can be compensated due to the symmetrical configuration of the two turbines with respect to the midpoint of the shaft 8.

이러한 배열은, 특히 매우 큰 용량을 갖는 유닛에서, 열역학적 프로세스의 사업성을 개선할 수 있게 한다.This arrangement makes it possible to improve the viability of the thermodynamic process, especially in units with very large capacities.

물론, 장치(1)가, 통상적으로 (압축기 휠과 동일한 샤프트 상에 또는 제동 휠과 동일한 샤프트 상에) 배열된 다른 터빈(7)을 가질 수 있다.Of course, the device 1 can have another turbine 7 which is usually arranged (on the same shaft as the compressor wheel or on the same shaft as the brake wheel).

도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 2개의 터빈(7)은 구심적 유형의 터빈이다. 화살표로 표시된 바와 같이, 팽창되는 작업 가스는, 방향성 부재(예를 들어(a) 이동 가능 또는 고정된 베인(들))에 의해서, 터빈(7)의 주변에서 각각의 터빈(7) 내로 진입된다. 작업 가스는, 특히 터빈을 수반하는 샤프트(8)에 대해서 횡방향일 수 있는 방향으로(즉, 반경방향으로) 터빈 내로 진입될 수 있다. 각각의 터빈(7) 내에서 팽창되는 가스가 터빈(7)의 중앙 부분 내에서 그리고 샤프트(8)의 외측을 향해서 배기될 수 있다. 이는, 가스의 팽창된 스트림이, 샤프트(8)에 실질적으로 평행한 대향 방향들로 배기된다는 것을 의미한다.As shown in Figure 2, the two turbines 7 are of the centripetal type. As indicated by the arrow, the expanding working gas enters each turbine 7 around the turbine 7 by means of a directional member (for example (a) movable or fixed vane(s)). . The working gas can enter the turbine, in particular in a direction which may be transverse to the shaft 8 carrying the turbine (ie radially). Gases that expand within each turbine 7 can be exhausted in the central part of the turbine 7 and towards the outside of the shaft 8. This means that the expanded stream of gas is exhausted in opposite directions substantially parallel to the shaft 8.

각각의 휠에서 실질적으로 동엔트로피적 팽창이 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위해서 그리고, 선택된 베어링 시스템에 의해서 보상되어야 하는 기생력(parasitic force)을 생성하지 않는 힘의 균형을 보장하기 위해서, 2개의 터빈(7)의 베인들(9)(즉, 가스의 스트림을 안내하는 블레이드)이 유리하게 반대 방향들로 경사진다(팽창된 가스의 대향되는 배기). 예를 들어, 2개의 터빈(7)이 동일한 또는 유사한 기하형태를 가질 수 있으나, 샤프트(8)에 횡방향인 중간 평면에 대해서 반대칭적 방식으로 배치될 수 있다.Two turbines 7 to ensure a substantially dynamic entropy expansion in each wheel and to ensure a balance of forces that do not create parasitic forces that must be compensated for by the selected bearing system. Of the vanes 9 (i.e. the blades that guide the stream of gas) are advantageously inclined in opposite directions (opposite exhaust of the expanded gas). For example, the two turbines 7 may have the same or similar geometry, but may be arranged in an antisymmetric manner with respect to an intermediate plane transverse to the shaft 8.

장치는 바람직하게 2개의 팽창 터빈(7)을 수반하는 샤프트(8)의 회전을 제동하기 위한 시스템(9)을 포함한다. 이러한 제동 시스템은 유도 유형일 수 있고, 여기에서 코일이 샤프트 주위에 장착되어 유도 전류의 생성을 통해서 샤프트(8)를 제동할 수 있게 한다. 이러한 제동은 특히, 유도 코일 또는 코일들에 공급되는 전류를 제어하는 것에 의해서 제어될 수 있다. (적절한 금속 또는 다른 물질로 제조된) 샤프트의 회전은, 샤프트를 제동하는 경향이 있는 유도 전류를 생성한다.The device preferably comprises a system 9 for braking the rotation of the shaft 8 accompanying two expansion turbines 7. Such a braking system can be of the induction type, in which a coil is mounted around the shaft so that it is possible to brake the shaft 8 through the generation of an induced current. This braking can in particular be controlled by controlling the current supplied to the induction coil or coils. The rotation of the shaft (made of a suitable metal or other material) creates an induced current that tends to brake the shaft.

제동 시스템은 유리하게 샤프트(8)의 중앙 부분에, 즉 2개의 터빈(7) 사이에 위치될 수 있다.The braking system can advantageously be located in the central part of the shaft 8, ie between the two turbines 7.

예를 들어, 제동 시스템은, 예를 들어 샤프트의 중앙 부분 내에 배치되고 주변 온도에서 동작하거나 극저온 온도에서 동작하는 얼터네이터를 포함하거나 그러한 얼터네이터로 구성될 수 있다.For example, the braking system may comprise or consist of an alternator disposed within a central portion of the shaft and operating at ambient or cryogenic temperatures, for example.

극저온 온도에서 동작하는 경우에, 전체 샤프트(8)는, 그 정적 부분(전자석을 가지는 고정자)과 같이, 극저온 온도에서 동작될 수 있다. 이러한 경우에, 극저온 온도의 요소에 근접하는 비교적 고온인 부분 또는 구성요소는 존재하지 않는다.When operating at cryogenic temperatures, the entire shaft 8 can be operated at cryogenic temperatures, like its static part (stator with an electromagnet). In this case, there are no relatively hot parts or components close to the cryogenic component.

따라서, 이러한 터빈에 근접한 전체 환경이 또한 극저온 온도이다. 이는 고온 구역으로부터 저온 구역으로 발생될 수 있는 복사 및/또는 전도를 제한하거나 방지한다. 그에 따라, 터빈의 실제 효율이 개선되는데, 이는 기생적 열 손실이 감소되거나 방지되기 때문이다.Thus, the entire environment close to these turbines is also cryogenic. This limits or prevents radiation and/or conduction that can occur from the hot zone to the cold zone. Accordingly, the actual efficiency of the turbine is improved because parasitic heat losses are reduced or avoided.

물론, 본 발명은 전술한 예시적인 실시예로 제한되지 않는다.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments.

따라서, 일 실시예에서, 샤프트는 2개 초과의 터빈 휠을 구동할 수 있다. 운동 에너지를 압력 위치 에너지로 변환하기 위한 정적 부재가 적절한 방식으로 각각의 휠의 배출구에 배치될 수 있다.Thus, in one embodiment, the shaft can drive more than two turbine wheels. A static member for converting kinetic energy into pressure potential energy can be arranged at the outlet of each wheel in a suitable manner.

예를 들어, 긴 확산기가 이러한 기능을 위해서 각각의 터빈 휠의 배출구에 배치될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 동일한 기능(유동 횡단면의 점진적인 증가)을 가질 수 있게 하고 또한 유동이 다음 터빈의 다음 분배기로 직렬로 전달될 수 있게 하는, 가공된 기계적 구성요소가 제공될 수 있다.For example, a long diffuser can be placed at the outlet of each turbine wheel for this function. For example, a machined mechanical component may be provided that allows it to have the same function (gradual increase in flow cross section) and also allows the flow to be passed in series to the next distributor of the next turbine.

Claims (12)

작업 유체를 포함하는 작업 회로(2)를 포함하는, 극저온 유형의 냉동 및/또는 액화 장치이며, 작업 회로(2)는 직렬로: 작업 유체를 냉각하기 위한 메커니즘(5, 6), 작업 유체를 팽창시키기 위한 메커니즘(7), 및 작업 유체를 가열하기 위한 메커니즘(6)을 포함하고, 팽창 메커니즘은, 단일 샤프트(8)의 2개의 단부에 각각 장착되는 구심적 유형의 2개의 팽창 터빈(7)을 포함하고, 2개의 터빈(7)은, 샤프트(8)의 방향으로 대향되는 방식으로 배향된 베인들(9)을 가지는, 장치.It is a cryogenic type refrigeration and/or liquefaction device comprising a working circuit 2 containing a working fluid, the working circuit 2 in series: mechanisms for cooling the working fluid 5, 6, A mechanism 7 for expanding, and a mechanism 6 for heating the working fluid, the expansion mechanism being two expansion turbines 7 of a centripetal type, each mounted on two ends of a single shaft 8. ), and the two turbines 7 have vanes 9 oriented in an opposite manner in the direction of the shaft 8. 제1항에 있어서,
작업 회로(2)는, 직렬로 그리고 냉각 메커니즘(5)의 상류에 배치되는, 작업 유체를 압축하기 위한 메커니즘(4)을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method of claim 1,
The device, characterized in that the working circuit (2) comprises a mechanism (4) for compressing the working fluid, arranged in series and upstream of the cooling mechanism (5). 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
작업 가스가, 터빈을 수반하는 샤프트(8)에 대해서 횡방향인 방향으로 2개의 터빈(7) 내로 진입되고, 터빈(7) 내에서 팽창된 가스 스트림은, 샤프트(8)에 실질적으로 평행한 대향 방향들로 각각의 터빈(7)으로부터 배기되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The working gas enters into the two turbines 7 in a direction transverse to the shaft 8 carrying the turbine, and the gas streams expanded in the turbine 7 are substantially parallel to the shaft 8. Device, characterized in that exhaust from each turbine 7 in opposite directions. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
2개의 터빈(7)은, 2개의 터빈(7) 사이의 작업 유체의 냉각 또는 가열과 관련하여, 작업 회로(2) 내에서 직접적으로 즉, 중간 열 교환이 없이 직렬로 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The two turbines 7 are characterized in that they are arranged directly in the working circuit 2, i.e. in series without intermediate heat exchange, in connection with the cooling or heating of the working fluid between the two turbines 7 Device. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
2개의 터빈(7)은 작업 회로(2) 내에서 직렬로 배치되고, 2개의 터빈(7) 사이의 작업 유체의 냉각 및/또는 가열과 관련하여 중간 열 교환 시스템을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The arrangement, characterized in that the two turbines (7) are arranged in series in the working circuit (2) and have an intermediate heat exchange system in connection with the cooling and/or heating of the working fluid between the two turbines (7). 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
2개의 터빈(7)은 작업 회로(2) 내에서 병렬로 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Device, characterized in that the two turbines (7) are arranged in parallel in the working circuit (2). 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
2개의 터빈(7)을 수반하는 샤프트(8)의 회전을 제동하기 위한 시스템(9)을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Device, characterized in that it comprises a system (9) for braking the rotation of the shaft (8) accompanying two turbines (7). 제7항에 있어서,
제동 시스템(9)은 유도 유형이고, 유도 전류의 생성을 통해서 샤프트(8)와 상호작용하는 코일을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method of claim 7,
A device, characterized in that the braking system (9) is of an induction type and comprises a coil that interacts with the shaft (8) through the generation of an induced current. 제7항 또는 제8항에 있어서,
제동 시스템(9)은 샤프트(8)의 중앙 부분에, 즉 2개의 터빈(7) 사이에 위치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to claim 7 or 8,
Device, characterized in that the braking system (9) is located in the central part of the shaft (8), ie between the two turbines (7). 제7항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
제동 시스템(9)은 주변 온도에서 동작하는 또는 극저온 냉각 온도에서 동작하는 유형의 얼터네이터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
The device, characterized in that the braking system (9) comprises an alternator of the type operating at ambient temperature or at cryogenic cooling temperatures. 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
회전 샤프트(8)가 롤링 베어링 또는 특히 자기, 가스, 또는 오일 유형의 베어링(10)을 갖는 시스템에 의해서 지지되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
Device, characterized in that the rotating shaft (8) is supported by a rolling bearing or in particular a system with bearings (10) of the magnetic, gas or oil type. 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
작업 회로(2) 내에서 순환하는 작업 유체와의 열 교환에서 냉각되는 유체의 회로(12)를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Device, characterized in that it has a circuit (12) of fluid that is cooled in heat exchange with the working fluid circulating within the working circuit (2).
KR1020200085325A 2019-07-10 2020-07-10 Refrigeration and/or liquefaction device KR20210007907A (en)

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