CN112212534A - Refrigerating and/or liquefying plant - Google Patents

Refrigerating and/or liquefying plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112212534A
CN112212534A CN202010655075.9A CN202010655075A CN112212534A CN 112212534 A CN112212534 A CN 112212534A CN 202010655075 A CN202010655075 A CN 202010655075A CN 112212534 A CN112212534 A CN 112212534A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
shaft
working fluid
turbines
working
expansion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010655075.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
P·巴嘉奥克斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN112212534A publication Critical patent/CN112212534A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
    • F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
    • F25B11/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders centrifugal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0017—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0075—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/005—Adaptations for refrigeration plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/002—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with parallel working cold producing expansion devices in one circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/005—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using an expander of the rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
    • F25B2309/022—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect characterised by the expansion element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
    • F25B2309/023—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect with two stage expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/21—Reduction of parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.

Abstract

The invention relates to a refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant of the cryogenic type, comprising a working circuit (2) containing a working fluid, the working circuit (2) comprising, in series: -means (5) for cooling the working fluid, -means (7) for expanding the working fluid, and-means (6) for heating the working fluid, wherein said expansion means comprise two expansion turbines (7) of the radial inflow type, mounted respectively at the two ends of a single shaft (8), said two turbines (7) having blades (9) oriented in opposite ways in the direction of the shaft (8).

Description

Refrigerating and/or liquefying plant
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant of the cryogenic type.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant of the cryogenic type, comprising a working circuit containing a working fluid, the working circuit comprising, in series: means for cooling the working fluid, means for expanding the working fluid, and means for heating the working fluid.
Background
Refrigeration and/or liquefaction plants of the cryogenic type generally have one or more turbines for expanding the working gas.
Typically, these gas turbines are mounted on the same shaft as the compressor wheel to transmit useful mechanical torque to the shaft, or they are mounted on a shaft comprising a brake wheel at the end of the shaft opposite the turbine wheel.
Such a brake wheel brakes the rotation of the rotating shaft on which the turbine is mounted. The brake wheel is generally located in a closed circuit of brake gas, which is compressed in the wheel, then cooled by a cold source in a cold-holding exchanger, and then expanded (e.g. in an expansion valve). Preferably, this gas circulating in the braking circuit may be the same as the working fluid on the expansion turbine side.
This solution increases the volume and cost of the installation. This is because it is necessary to provide a hot component (brake circuit for the brake wheel) as close as possible to a component (working circuit) at low temperature and manage a constant supply of a heat sink (preferably close to ambient temperature) on the brake circuit side.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve all or part of the above mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
To this end, according to the invention, on the other hand, the plant according to its upper definition given in the preceding section is mainly characterized in that the expansion means comprise two expansion turbines of the radial type, which are mounted respectively at the two ends of a single shaft, the blades of said two turbines being oriented in opposite ways in the direction of the shaft.
Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may have one or more of the following features:
the working circuit comprises means for compressing the working fluid, arranged in series with and upstream of the cooling means;
-the working fluid is admitted into said two turbines in a direction transverse to the shaft carrying the turbines, the gas flow expanded in said turbines being discharged from each turbine in opposite, substantially parallel directions to the shaft;
the two turbines are arranged directly in series in the working circuit, i.e. there is no intermediate heat exchange system between the two turbines for cooling or heating the working fluid;
-said two turbines being arranged in series in the working circuit and having an intermediate heat exchange system between the two turbines for cooling and/or heating a working fluid;
-said two turbines are arranged in parallel in the work circuit;
the apparatus comprises a system for braking the rotation of a shaft carrying said two turbines;
-the braking system is an inductive braking system and comprises a coil interacting with the shaft by generating an induced current;
the braking system is located in the central portion of the shaft, i.e. between said two turbines;
the braking system comprises an alternator of the type operating at ambient temperature or at low temperature;
the rotating shaft is supported by a system with rolling bearings or bearings, in particular of the magnetic, gas or oil-bearing type;
the device has a circuit of fluid to be cooled in heat exchange with a working fluid circulating in the working circuit.
The invention also relates to any alternative apparatus or method including any combination of the features described above or below which falls within the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Other particular features and advantages will be apparent upon reading the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic diagram illustrating the structure and operation of one possible example of a refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant capable of implementing the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial schematic view showing details of such a device and in particular showing the arrangement of two turbines on a single shaft.
Detailed Description
The refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant 1 shown by way of non-limiting example is a plant of the refrigeration type. This means that the refrigerating device cools the working gas with a low temperature, in particular a low temperature between-100 ℃ and-273 ℃.
The working circuit 2 contains a working fluid, in particular at least one of the following, for example: hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane.
The apparatus 1 can be used to extract heat from at least one component or fluid 3 by heat exchange (directly or indirectly) with a working fluid circulating in a working circuit 2.
The working circuit 2 may be open (meaning that working fluid is supplied to the circuit 2 and working fluid is extracted outside the circuit 2) or closed (working fluid in a closed cycle). In the example shown, the work circuit 2 is of the closed type and comprises the following structures arranged in series: means 4 for compressing the working fluid, means 5,6 for cooling the working fluid, means 7 for expanding the working fluid, and means 6 for heating the working fluid to restart the cycle (compression, cooling, expansion, etc.).
The compression mechanism is optional in that the working fluid may be obtained or provided in the form of a pressurized or compressed working fluid.
The compression mechanism 4 comprises, for example, one or more compression stages provided, for example, by one or more volumetric compression stages and/or by a compressor wheel, for example of the centrifugal type. In the example shown, two compressors 4 are arranged in series. Furthermore, a cooling exchanger 5 may be arranged at the outlet of one or each compressor 4. For example, the compression of the working fluid is preferably isentropic or substantially isentropic (or isothermal).
The compressed and cooled gas may then be expanded in a plurality of turbines 7 in series and/or in parallel. For example, the expansion is preferably isentropic (or isothermal). Between the two expansion stages, the working fluid is therefore heated or cooled, depending on the preferred architecture of the process, by one or more exchangers 6, which exchangers 6 are exchanged in counter-current with the working fluid returning to the compression mechanism. The heating or cooling between the expansion stages is preferably isobaric or substantially isobaric.
In particular, the cold working fluid can then be heated in these exchangers 6, before returning to the compression mechanism to restart the cycle.
The gas to be cooled (and/or the gas to be liquefied) may be arranged to exchange heat with the exchanger 5 in the circuit 12 until it reaches the target temperature, and may for example be liquefied and collected in the reservoir 11.
As a variant or in combination therewith, the working fluid may be liquefied itself and stored in a container, to provide cooling for the device and/or to supply liquefied gas for the user.
According to the invention, the expansion means comprise two radial expansion turbines 7 mounted respectively at the two ends of a single shaft 8. The two turbines 7 have blades 9 which are oriented in opposite ways in the direction of the shaft 8.
Conventionally, the shaft 8 is mounted or supported on bearings 10, in particular magnetic bearings, gas bearings, oil bearings or other types of bearings.
This means that the expansion means comprise at least two turbines 7, which at least two turbines 7 are mounted at both ends of a single/one shaft 8 and each turbine ensures the expansion of at least a part of the working gas.
This arrangement enables one brake wheel to be replaced by an additional turbine 7, which increases the efficiency of the installation by increasing the number of turbines in a single installation. The facility increases throughput without increasing its volume.
The apparatus 1 may have a plurality of pairs of turbines 7 mounted on both ends of respective shafts 8.
The invention thus enables the addition of an additional turbine 7 compared to conventional architectures. In the example shown, for example, the turbine 7 enclosed by the dashed line may be an additional turbine allowed by the novel architecture.
Two turbines 7 carried by a single shaft 8 may be arranged in series in the work circuit 2, which means that two turbines 7 in series ensure the successive expansion of a single gas stream. In this arrangement, the energy efficiency of a production plant incorporating such equipment is improved with little change in capital costs. The two turbine wheels may be arranged to incorporate intermediate heating in order to achieve a temperature equal to that of the suction inlets of the two expansion stages and thus to conform the size of the wheels.
Alternatively or in combination therewith, two turbines 7 carried by a single shaft 8 may be arranged in parallel/in parallel in the working circuit 2, which means that two turbines 7 arranged in parallel ensure expansion of two different portions of the working gas flow (see for example the branches of the working circuit 2). In this arrangement, the respective size of the turbines 7 can be reduced, since the impellers of the two turbines 7 are in this case each assigned a fraction (for example 50%) of the total fluid flow to be treated.
Thus, axial and radial forces of the shaft 8 provided with two turbines may be compensated for due to the symmetrical configuration of the two turbines with respect to the midpoint of the shaft 8.
This arrangement makes it possible to increase the feasibility of the thermodynamic process, in particular for cells with a very high throughput.
Of course, the device 1 may have other turbines 7 (arranged on the same shaft as the compressor wheel or as the brake wheel) arranged conventionally.
As shown in fig. 2, the two turbines 7 are radial turbines. As indicated by the arrows, the working gas to be expanded is admitted to each turbine 7 at the periphery of the turbine 7 by means of directional members (e.g. movable or fixed blades). The working gas may be admitted into the turbine, in particular in a direction which may be transverse (i.e. radially) to the shaft 8 carrying the turbine. The gas expanded in each turbine 7 may be sucked in a central portion of the turbine 7 and towards the outside of the shaft 8. This means that the expanded gas flow is sucked in the opposite, substantially parallel direction to the shaft 8.
The blades 9 of the two turbines 7 (i.e. the blades that direct the gas flow) are advantageously inclined in opposite directions (sucking the expanded gas in opposite directions) to allow an almost isentropic expansion for each impeller and to ensure a force balance that does not generate parasitic forces that have to be compensated by the chosen bearing system. For example, the two turbines 7 may have the same or similar geometry, but arranged in an anti-symmetric manner with respect to a median plane transverse to the shaft 8.
The apparatus preferably comprises a braking system 9 for braking the rotation of the shaft 8 carrying the two expansion turbines 7. The braking system may be inductive, having coils mounted around the shaft and enabling braking of the shaft 8 by generating an induced current. The braking may in particular be controlled by controlling the current supplied to the induction coil (or coils). Rotation of the shaft (made of a suitable metal or other material) generates an induced current that tends to brake the shaft.
Such a braking system may advantageously be located in the central portion of the shaft 8, i.e. between the two turbines 7.
For example, the braking system may comprise or consist of an alternator arranged, for example, in the central part of the shaft and operating at ambient/room temperature or at low temperature.
In the latter case, the whole shaft 8 can be operated at low temperature, as can its static components (stator with electromagnets). In this case, there is no relatively hot part or member in the vicinity of the element at low temperature.
Therefore, the entire environment in the vicinity of these turbines is also at low temperatures. This limits or eliminates possible radiation and/or conduction from hot to cold regions. The actual efficiency of the turbine is thus improved due to the reduction or elimination of parasitic heat losses.
Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments.
Thus, in one embodiment, the shaft may drive more than two turbine wheels. A static member for converting kinetic energy into pressure potential energy may be arranged at the outlet of each impeller in a suitable manner.
For example, a long diffuser may be configured at the outlet of each turbine wheel to achieve this function. For example, machined mechanical parts can be provided which enable the same function (increasing of the flow cross section) and also enable the flow to reach the next distributor of the next turbine arranged in series.

Claims (12)

1. Refrigeration and/or liquefaction plant of the cryogenic type, comprising a working circuit (2) containing a working fluid, the working circuit (2) comprising, in series: cooling means (5,6) for cooling the working fluid, expansion means (7) for expanding the working fluid and heating means (6) for heating the working fluid, wherein said expansion means comprise two expansion turbines (7) of the radial inflow type, mounted respectively at the two ends of a single shaft (8), said two expansion turbines (7) having blades (9) oriented in an opposite manner in the direction of the shaft (8).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said working circuit (2) comprises a compression means (4) for compressing the working fluid, arranged in series with the cooling means (5) and upstream of the cooling means (5).
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working gas enters the two expansion turbines (7) in a direction transverse to a shaft (8) carrying the two expansion turbines (7), and the gas flow expanded in the expansion turbines (7) is discharged from each expansion turbine (7) in an opposite, substantially parallel direction to the shaft (8).
4. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the two expansion turbines (7) are arranged directly in series in the working circuit (2), i.e. there is no intermediate heat exchange system between the two expansion turbines (7) for cooling or heating the working fluid.
5. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the two expansion turbines (7) are arranged in series in the working circuit (2) and that there is an intermediate heat exchange system between the two expansion turbines (7) for cooling and/or heating the working fluid.
6. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the two expansion turbines (7) are arranged in parallel in the working circuit (2).
7. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a braking system (9) for braking the rotation of the shaft (8) carrying the two expansion turbines (7).
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the braking system (9) is inductive and comprises a coil interacting with the shaft (8) by generating an induced current.
9. An apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the braking system (9) is located in the central part of the shaft (8), i.e. between said two expansion turbines (7).
10. An arrangement according to any one of claims 7-9, characterised in that the braking system (9) comprises an alternator of the type operating at ambient temperature or at low temperature.
11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rotating shaft (8) is supported by a system with rolling bearings or bearings (10) of the type, in particular magnetic, gas or oil bearings.
12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the apparatus has a circuit (12) of fluid to be cooled in heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit (2).
CN202010655075.9A 2019-07-10 2020-07-09 Refrigerating and/or liquefying plant Pending CN112212534A (en)

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FR1907738A FR3098574B1 (en) 2019-07-10 2019-07-10 Refrigeration and / or liquefaction device
FR1907738 2019-07-10

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