KR20200131186A - Appapatus for curing body status - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for correcting and improving a body to correct and improve deformities and lesions by training positions where weight should be supported on the bottom of a foot.

Description

Body correction, improvement method{APPAPATUS FOR CURING BODY STATUS}

It relates to how to correct and improve the human body.

The present invention relates to a method for correcting and improving a human body so that deformities and lesions can be corrected and improved by learning the position where the weight should be supported on the bottom of the foot.

In the above, the problems of the preceding research and the corresponding correction theory were described in the'Introduction' of the main technical idea of the present invention <ground and supporting structure>.

The present invention is largely distinguished from the conventional one for the purpose of the present invention. The present invention is to correct the foot and posture by learning and inducing so that the weight can be supported by the foot according to the corresponding purpose in the foot, and further, body shape, constitution and lesion, deformity It is characterized in that it can be corrected and treated, and it is characterized in that it can be actively used in improving the condition of the human body such as improving athletic ability and beauty.

The present invention is applied to a variety of human bodies, and if there is an ideal human body condition, a human body condition suitable for the purpose of correction, or a specific human body condition desired by the subject in application, actively accepting their request and correcting the human body in a state corresponding thereto. It is characterized in that it provides an easy means in doing so and can be flexibly applied to various human bodies by varying the configuration according to the corresponding purpose.

The present invention relates to a method for correcting and improving a human body.

The present invention relates to a method for correcting and improving a human body so that deformities and lesions can be corrected and improved by learning the position where the weight should be supported on the bottom of the foot.

The present invention relates to a method for correcting and improving the human body, and to correct and improve deformities and lesions by learning the position where the weight should be supported on the bottom of the foot.

4 shows '6-3-1. This is an example of an ideal spinal curvature formed as a result of faithfully performing the'ideal posture condition'.

<ground and supporting structure>

1. Introduction

There have been many preceding studies on the human body. In these studies, reinforcement of muscle strength, manual manipulation, reflexology therapy, and O-ring therapy were used as correction methods. However, the conventional research and correction methods have many problems before they are applied, and are as follows.

Conventionally, a widely used method for correction was a method of strengthening the muscle strength of the corresponding muscle, which can expect a positive result from the correction result through physical therapy, exercise, and the like. However, they are not only difficult to expect a solution to the problem, but rather, there was a concern that it could cause lesions and deformities. When a specific segment is displaced, the human body is compensated in other segments to form a compensation mechanism. If this is repeated and continued over a long period of time, the human body is built up optimized for the posture. At this time, the process of optimization includes not only the strengthening of the muscles but also the concept of weakening. Therefore, in the case of strengthening a specific muscle according to the purpose of correction, the correlation with other related segments and the expected muscle balance in the result should be carefully considered. However, in the case of the conventional correction procedure through muscle strengthening, there was a concept of simply strengthening muscle strength, but the concept of weakness and balance was not sufficiently considered, so the effect of correction could not be expected, and rather, a third form that was not predicted when the deformity was deepened or corrected. There was a concern that the compensation was performed, causing another lesion, deformity.

In addition, there were correction methods by manual manipulation such as chiropractic and chuna therapy. However, these are relatively targeting the skeletal system, and the compulsory correction method by manual manipulation can be understood as the concept of changing the shape by applying pressure to the clay. However, these have a problem that the physical properties of the human body are not considered, and in fact, they have a limitation in which it is difficult to expect a corrective effect in the human body. Human posture is supported by muscle strength. Therefore, the state of the muscles should be considered for correction. Otherwise, if only the skeleton is corrected, some temporary correction effects may have been confirmed, but this is a shortcoming, and it is difficult to expect a fundamental problem solving in reality. Also, at this time, the effect of correction is only confirmed when the human body is not exercising. This is because when the human body is exercising, the skeleton will again optimize and adapt to the state of the muscle. Therefore, in the case of confirming the corrective effect by manual manipulation, it can be evaluated that the main cause is not the effect of the procedure, but the consciousness related to the correct posture learned in the course of correction.

There are other taping therapy and O-ring therapy. However, they were excluded from the subject of discussion because they could not prove their effectiveness and had many questions about the principle itself.

There were other studies related to the foot. This study also deals with the foot. However, this study has a big difference in the correction theory based on the studies related to the conventional foot.

In previous studies, the foot problem was simply treated as a form problem. Therefore, the problem of function was not considered here. The conventional foot correction has remained at the level of correcting the shape of the foot similar to the condition of the foot that is simply evaluated as ideal or positive. In these studies, the problem of the foot was relatively understood as a problem of the foot. Therefore, the methods used for correction in these were methods of forcibly lifting the foot arch by protruding or inclining the inner bottom surface of the shoe corresponding to the foot arch. These correction methods could seem to partially compensate for the problem of foot arches only when shoes were worn. However, in reality, the problem could not be fundamentally solved, and there was a serious concern that it could lead to further lesions and deformities due to the intensification of the anomaly or unexpected compensation during the correction procedure on the upper part of the foot.

Therefore, this study aims to solve the above problems, and this study provides a clear theoretical basis for the analysis and evaluation of the human body. In addition, this study can be used in a variety of ways, and can be actively used in improving the condition of teeth related to the human body, such as improvement of exercise capacity and beauty, as well as correction and treatment. Its principle and method are described in detail below.

※ Some of the technologies have cited previous research. Cited data is enclosed in "" and () the relevant information is specified.

※ Use'multi-level numbering' for the order. Upper and lower categories are separated by'-'.

2. Premise

2-1. Target and definition

This study explained various variables and corresponding rewards. However, not everyone responds equally to conditions. When there is a variable (a cause for requesting compensation for a segment), the muscle, skeletal system compensation, and optimized exercise for this vary from person to person. In this regard, relatively special and individual are not considered here. This study presupposes that the main subjects were relatively general and general. For the convenience of technology, the word'generally' was omitted. However, in the interpretation of this study, the contents described should be interpreted as'generally ~'followed by the formula'generally'.

2-2. Working muscle

Exercise is achieved by the cooperation of agonists, synergists, and antagonists. However, it is rather exhausting to indicate all the muscles involved in the technique of exercise and the degree of their relationship. Therefore, in this study, the movement of the muscles was described with a focus on the main muscles. However, in the interpretation of this, the cooperative muscles and antagonists involved in the muscle movement must be fully considered.

Muscles involved in posture and exercise consume energy in proportion to the degree of the relationship, and muscles and muscle strength will be strengthened.

2-3. Exercise

Human movement takes many forms. In the case of short-time exercise, the muscles involved can be described relatively clearly. However, in the case of exercise over a long period of time, it is difficult to track and describe the exercise because the exercise is performed in various ways. Therefore, in this study, exercise is described centering on the joint that is relatively performed. For example, the expression'the amount of motion in a joint increases' or'an muscle (the main muscle) is hypertensive (the muscle tension will displace the segment by the direction and size of the muscle).' . In addition, the description of the muscles involved in the exercise is not listed, but focuses on the joint where the exercise is performed, its displacement, and the related muscles. For example, the main pulmonary muscles of the hip joint flexion are'psoas, iliacus, rectus femoris, and pectineus'. In this study, this is simply expressed as the'hip flexor muscle'. This is usually for the convenience of technology. In this study, the agonists, synergists, and antagonists referred to previous studies. However, this varies greatly from person to person, and academia and scholars have somewhat different views. Therefore, the precise definition of this is that the muscles involved in the exercise develop in proportion to the amount of exercise. Also, if the segment is displaced, the muscles involved will be hypertensive. The above premise provides convenience in analyzing and evaluating movement patterns and characteristics observed over a relatively long period of time.

2-4. Evaluation before compensation

The compensating mechanism built over a long period of time has the muscles and skeleton optimized for the compensating mechanism and the motor characteristics optimized for it. If there is a variable, the corresponding posture compensation is performed relatively in real time. However, the posture formed at this time was not optimized for muscles. This is because a certain amount of time is required for the muscles to be optimized for the posture. Therefore, the exercise characteristics optimized for the posture are not reflected. Therefore, in this study, the compensatory mechanism and its motion evaluation assume that the human body is optimally constructed in the posture for a relatively long period of time before the evaluation. This provides convenience in analyzing the state of the human body and its movement characteristics built over a relatively long period of time.

2-5. Evaluation of spinal curve

Spinal curvature can be expressed in a variety of languages. This differs according to academic circles and scholars. This makes technology and exchange difficult. Therefore, it requires predefined terms. In the sagittal plane, the lumbar vertebrae protrude forward and the thoracic vertebrae protrude posteriorly. This study defines these as lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, respectively.

In addition to the vertebral side only, this study defines that the protruding convex to the left from the coronal plane is the left protrusion, and the convex protruding to the right is the right protrusion. This can be subdivided and expressed in each lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. An example is the expression'the lumbar spine protrudes left and the thoracic spine protrudes right'.

The spine is composed of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal. It is organically connected. Thus, their displacement affects each other. This study analyzed various variables. Each variable demands a corresponding reward from the spine. However, if they are related to the spine at the same time, it is somewhat difficult to evaluate. For example, when the hip joint is rotated internally, only the lumbar vertebrae increase and only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. In addition, when the supporting point is medially displaced, only the lumbar vertebrae increase and only the thoracic vertebrae decrease. If they are involved at the same time, the lumbar lordosis will increase further and the thoracic kyphosis will decrease further. There is something to be considered important at this time. In the sagittal plane, the support point (defined in '3-3-1. Definition of support point') and the center of gravity of the head tend to coincide on a relatively vertical line (this is true of all compensation mechanisms. The human body is naturally erected). This should be considered important, especially when two or more variables are related at the same time.

The spine is organically coupled and the displacement of the head affects the associated spine. It affects the upper part of the cervical and relatively thoracic vertebrae. In the above, the two variables, the hip joint internal rotation and the support point medial displacement, require a posterior flexion and a full force of the head, respectively. Therefore, as a result of compensating for the above two variables, the back and front of the head are large. As a result of the posterior flexion of the head and the anterior displacement of the cervical vertebrae and the upper part of the thoracic vertebrae together, the kyphosis may appear to increase in the upper part of the thoracic vertebrae. In some cases, this condition was evaluated as a significant increase in both lumbar vertebrae and thoracic kyphosis. However, this is not desirable. It is desirable to understand that the correct evaluation of this is that the lumbar lordosis is greatly increased and the thoracic kyphosis is greatly decreased, and the head is largely posterior, and the upper part of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae affected by this is anteriorly displaced. This is a useful method to reduce confusion in grasping the correlation between variables and rewards. This is proved well by classifying and experimenting with these variables. Therefore, in the case of complex relations of several variables, it is desirable to properly consider and understand the displacement of the head according to the analysis of this study below for the evaluation of the spine curvature.

In this study, the cervical spine was comparatively not considered. The displacement of the cervical spine is considered to be appropriately adjusted according to the displacement of the thoracic and head.

2-6. The flexion and extension of the shoulder girdle

For the definition of upper limb flexion and extension, refer to'Measurement and Evaluation (Jaehak Lee, Yongwoon Ham, Sukyung Jang/Seorim of Book Publishing University)'.

3. Definition

3-1.Posture

Pre-defined terms are needed to describe and exchange human movement. What is defined for this purpose is “anatomical posture. Anatomical posture is the most basic posture of the human body, which is the standard for the human body's motor skills. In this posture, the gaze is directed to the front, arms are attached to the sides, and both hands are palms. Facing the front, both feet are spread to the width of the pelvis, and the body is naturally upright."

However, the condition of the foot was not sufficiently considered in the above definition. Therefore, this study redefines the "anatomical posture" by limiting the state of the foot.

3-1-1. New definition of "anatomical posture"

The "anatomical posture" newly defined in this study is '6-3-1. It is a state that faithfully fulfills the conditions of the ideal posture defined in'The conditions of the ideal posture.' Only the palm faces the front. In this study, segment displacement and motion techniques are based on the newly defined "anatomical posture".

3-2.Support structure

This study is based on a relatively standing human body. Posture is formed as a result of supporting and balancing the ground against gravity. In principle, the supporting structure can be defined as referring to the entire human body. However, it has been evaluated too broadly for the role of the segment. So we break it down.

3-2-1.Definition of support structure

In this study, the supporting structure is tentatively defined as a concept that refers to the foot. Furthermore, it can be defined as referring to a relatively lower extremity by expanding this.

3-3.Support point

Human posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. Weight bias causes compensation. Certain criteria are needed to judge this. In previous studies, the concept of plantar pressure was used to determine the weight bias. Weight bias is a variable of plantar pressure. If the weight is biased to a specific location of the foot, the plantar pressure is strongly distributed around that area. However, if this is repeated and continued over a long period of time, it is optimized to the conditions at the time and the foot is mutated. Plantar pressure is re-optimized to the mutated foot and is distributed relatively evenly. This is a problem. The concept of plantar pressure was used as a tool to measure weight bias. However, it is difficult to perform this function because the plantar pressure is optimized and re-adapted to the mutated foot.

Therefore, a new concept other than the plantar pressure is required. For this reason, the newly defined'support point'.

3-3-1.Definition of support

The support point is used as a tool to track where the weight is biased in the foot. The support point refers to the position in which the weight is predominantly loaded on the foot. The initial position of the support point is a vertical line extending vertically from the center of the vertical line where the tibia and the fibula meet and the area where the foot meets, or the part of the plantar surface that corresponds slightly in front of the ankle lateral ankle in the sagittal plane on the vertical line. (This means that there may be some deviations depending on the academic world or scholars. In this study, it is also defined with a little margin as it may have some deviations in individual organisms.) In this case, the weight is defined as being loaded around the area where the support point is located. At this time, the foot is abducted by about 15˚ from the sagittal axis of the human body (Fig. 1). There is no other displacement at the foot. At this time, the human body has no abnormalities in the muscle and skeletal system, and is in a state of faithfully performing '6-3-1. Ideal posture condition' (this state is assumed to be a state without weight bias). However, this may vary depending on the individual organism. In an individual organism, the initial position of the correct support point is the area where the weight is mainly loaded in the state where the ideal posture described in '6-3-2. At this time, there is no deformity of the muscle and skeletal system, and '6-3-1. Ideal posture condition' has been faithfully performed.

When the weight is biased to a specific position of the foot, the support point is assumed to be displaced to the position where the weight is biased. The weight bias and the displacement of the supporting point shall be proportional. This provides an easy means to analyze the relationship between weight bias and reward.

The support point is used as a measurement tool that allows a clear distinction of the position on the foot where the weight is dominated and its displacement can be sensitively evaluated. When used as a measurement tool, it is desirable to be interpreted as the smallest possible size. However, in the case of physically evaluating the actual weight applied to the foot, it should be interpreted in a relaxed manner as the concept of the area in which the weight is mainly loaded.

3-4. Support angle

There were inner and outer angles to measure the relationship between the lower leg and the foot. However, the relationship between the ground and the foot was not clearly considered here. Therefore, this study newly defined the inner and outer angles as the supporting angles in consideration of the relationship between the foot and the ground.

3-4-1.Definition of support angle

The supporting angle is the angle between the lower limb and the ground outside the lower limb.

3-5. Before compensation

The human body is governed by gravity. In order to effectively resist and stand up against gravity, the human body must achieve an optimal balance. Stable posture (not used in the same concept as the ideal posture. A posture in which the weight of segments is distributed in a balanced manner corresponding to a posture or variable that faithfully performs “6-3-1. Ideal posture condition” may be included. ) Is a state in which the weight of the segment is distributed in a balanced manner by appropriately adjusting the position of the segment according to the variable. This can be understood through "mobile". In a stable posture, when the weight is biased in a specific direction, the balance is broken. For stability, it is necessary to reposition the segments and readjust the weight distribution. This is an important cause of reward.

3-5-1.Definition before compensation

An ideal posture (posture that faithfully performed '6-3-1. Ideal posture conditions') and a stable posture by distributing the weight of the segments in accordance with the variables, and the muscle and skeletal system built up over a relatively long period of time. The state is defined as the compensation mechanism. The above definition is premised on the entire technical thought of this outbreak.

4. Compensation

4-1. Characteristics of compensation

This study deals with the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure as important. The change in the supporting structure becomes the variable of the segment. The balance of the human body is broken when the weight is skewed to a specific part of the foot. For balance, the segment must be displaced and compensated in response to the bias. If this is repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the human body is built optimized for the state at the time. Optimization includes both the muscular and skeletal systems. Foot stools are also included. The foot is in contact with the ground and is greatly related to the posture. The changed foot again demands the human body to maintain a posture optimized for that foot. This is an important cause of the formation of various body shapes.

There are various types of compensation mechanisms. However, in any form, the support point and the center of gravity of the head in the sagittal plane, the center of gravity of the head in the coronal plane and the center of gravity of the weight loaded on both lower limbs tend to coincide on a relatively vertical line. (At this time, the body is naturally erected.). In compensation for the variable, the displacement of the segment is not large in the head and feet, but is large in the other segments except for this. For example, in the case of lordosis and kyphosis, there is a big difference in the state of the hip joint, pelvis, and spine in the sagittal plane, but there is no significant difference in the position of the support point and the center of gravity of the head. This is especially important in tracking changes in the pelvis, hip joints, and spinal curvature. The characteristics of the compensation are premised throughout this study.

Reward can be broadly divided into a reward for balance and a reward for compensating for a muscle condition.

The compensation for balance was described above in '3-5. If balance is achieved in a stable posture, but a specific segment is not positioned stably, this may cause lesions and deformities. For example, lesions such as spinal disorders and deformities caused by abnormal posture are examples.

The compensation to compensate for the muscle condition was separately indicated in '4-2-3-2. Hip joint displacement' below to avoid overlapping techniques.

I divided the ideal compensation into two main categories. However, in reality, they are made together and the division itself can be exhausting. However, on the other hand, it can be helpful in evaluating various compensation mechanisms. In general, when there is a variable, the compensation for balance does not show much difference between people and is similar. However, the compensation for compensating for a relatively muscular condition varies greatly among people. An easy example is the increase or decrease of intra-abdominal pressure, and the internal and external rotation of the hip joint. For example, when the support point is displaced outward, the hip joint is extended and rotated, and the pelvis is displaced forward and inclined backward. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis increases. This can be seen as a reward for balance. The reward up to this point does not show much difference between people. However, the rewards afterwards show a large difference between people. In this case, since the muscle tension for maintaining posture is biased in the lateral muscles of the lower extremities, the pelvis cannot be stably supported due to the unbalanced muscle tension in the lower extremities, and the pelvis tends to be weak against the pressure of displacement. Increasing or decreasing the intra-abdominal pressure and increasing the tension in the hip joint and external rotator cuff can be helpful in solving this. Therefore, the above variable tends to be accompanied. The choice of this varies greatly from person to person.

4-2.Variants

4-2-1. Characteristics by organism, environmental factors

The human body reflects the characteristics of each organism and environmental factors in a complex manner. They should be fully considered in the evaluation. However, it is not easy to consider them all. Therefore, this study focuses on the parts that can be explained clearly through the laws of physics. Anything that does not correspond to this was included in a limited manner only when it was deemed necessary. Representative of this was separately indicated in '4-5. Exceptions to compensation'.

4-2-2. Relationship between the ground and the supporting structure

The human body is governed by gravity. The human posture is finally supported by the foot. To stand up effectively, your feet must support the ground stably. When the condition of the foot supporting the ground changes, this requires compensation in the segment above the foot. The relationship between the ground and the foot that supports it is the cause of various compensatory mechanisms. This is explained in detail throughout this study.

4-2-3. Changes in muscle tension

In its natural state, the muscles of the human body are properly balanced.

In this study, the ideal posture is the most ideal state of the human body as it is in the dictionary. Therefore, based on the ideal posture, all compensatory mechanisms except for the ideal posture can be defined as an unbalanced muscle condition.

Typical compensations caused by muscle imbalance include increase or decrease in abdominal pressure, and internal and external rotation of the hip joint. This tends to be caused by an imbalance of muscle tone in the lower extremities. The load on the upper limb is applied to the pelvis. It is also loaded on the lower extremities. The pelvis can be positioned more stably when the muscles of the lower extremities are supported in a balanced manner. When the muscles of the lower extremities are unbalanced, the pelvis tends to be easily displaced without effectively resisting the pressure of the tension change or displacement of the surrounding muscles. The pelvis is relatively located in the center of the human body. The displacement of the pelvis requires compensation in the other segment. The pelvis needs to be positioned stably. Thus, tension in the surrounding muscles can cooperate with the pelvis resisting the pressure of displacement. Therefore, there is a tendency to stabilize the lumbar spine by increasing intra-abdominal pressure and tensioning the internal rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint.

4-2-3-1. Increase and decrease in abdominal pressure

Increasing or decreasing the intra-abdominal pressure may be helpful in stabilizing the lumbar spine or resisting the pressure of the pelvis displacement.

The increase in intra-abdominal pressure tends to occur in coordination with the tension of the external rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint when the hip joint is rotated externally.

The decrease in intra-abdominal pressure tends to be achieved in coordination with the tension of the hip internal rotator cuff in the internally rotated hip joint.

4-2-3-2. Hip joint displacement

The condition of the hip joint is often related to the compensation of other segments. Here, in order to avoid redundant techniques, the displacement of the hip joint was independently explained in advance.

In general, intra- and external rotation of the hip joint tends to be performed to compensate for the problem of the pelvis, which is weak in the pressure of displacement. In the case of internal and external rotation of the hip joint, these also become variables in the segment, so they correspond to or contradict other variables applied to the human body at the time and are related to the human body. In general, the intra- and external rotation of the hip joint is correlated with other variables. For example, when the hip joint is externally rotated due to the lateral displacement of the support point, the tension of the external rotator cuff of the hip joint increases and the hip joint tends to rotate further.

However, there are also some cases of contrary to the variables applied to the human body at the time. This is caused by consciousness related to a relatively upright posture. For example, when the support point is displaced laterally, the hip joint is rotated externally, reducing only the lumbar vertebrae and increasing only the thoracic kyphosis. The chest is inclined anteriorly, so it is a slightly curved posture. At this time, if the correct posture is to be taken, the tension of the internal rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint increases, and the hip joint tends to rotate internally. When the hip joint is rotated internally, only the lumbar vertebrae increase and only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. This is relatively mainly observed in women.

When the internal and external rotation of the hip joint is made contrary to other variables, the muscles involved in the compensation of each variable are opposed to each other in different directions of action. Muscular tension acting in opposition to each other in both directions can help the pelvis resist the pressure of displacement in both directions.

When the support point is displaced, the muscles of the lower extremities become unbalanced. Therefore, the displacement of all the supporting points can be a cause of requesting compensation for the internal or external rotation of the hip joint.

4-3. Muscle exercise

The muscle exercises described here are previously described to avoid overlapping techniques. It was relatively centered on the main muscle. Here, the segmental compensation corresponding to the variable is not described. Hereinafter, the displacement of the center of gravity of the human body follows '12. center of gravity of the human body'.

4-3-1. Foot displacement and muscle compensation

4-3-1-1. Foot pronation and muscle compensation

The knee extensor, hip flexors, hip internal rotator cuff muscles, trunk flexors, and upper limb flexors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to rise. In such a case, the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator are hypertensive.

*4-3-1-2. Foot abduction and muscle compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In such a case, the upper limb levator muscles are weakened and the abdominal respiratory muscles are hypertensive.

4-3-2. Hip joint displacement and muscle compensation

4-3-2-1. Hip joint internal rotation and muscle compensation

The knee extensor, hip flexors, hip internal rotator cuff muscles, trunk flexors, and upper limb flexors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to rise. In such a case, the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator are hypertensive.

4-3-2-2. Hip joint external rotation and muscle compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In such a case, the upper limb levator muscles are weakened and the abdominal respiratory muscles are hypertensive.

4-3-3. Support point displacement and muscle compensation

4-3-3-1. Support point displacement and muscle compensation

The ankle joint's lower flexor muscles, the muscles pushing and pulling the knee joint backward, the hip joint extensors, the hip external rotator muscles, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In such a case, the upper limb levator muscles are weakened and the abdominal respiratory muscles are hypertensive.

4-3-3-2. Backward displacement and muscle compensation

The ankle joint dorsal flexor, knee joint extensor, hip flexor, hip internal rotator, trunk flexor, and upper limb flexor are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to rise. In such a case, the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator are hypertensive.

4-3-3-3. Medial displacement of support and compensation of muscle

The medial muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive and the lateral muscles are weakened, and the anterior knee extensors, hip flexors, hip internal rotator cuff muscles, trunk flexors, and upper limb flexors become hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to rise. In such a case, the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator are hypertensive.

4-3-3-4. Support point lateral displacement and muscle compensation

The lateral muscles of the lower limbs are hypertensive, the medial muscles are weakened, and the muscles pushing and pulling the knee joint backward, the hip extensors, the external rotator cuff muscles, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In such a case, the upper limb levator muscles are weakened and the abdominal respiratory muscles are hypertensive.

4-4. Power synthesis and decomposition

The posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. The change in the supporting structure becomes the variable of the segment. In this study, the variables requiring compensation were analyzed separately one by one as possible. In addition, in explaining the relationship between variable and reward, only one variable analyzed in this study was applied to the target human body. This is to help understanding and avoid redundant techniques. However, in the actual human body, there is a tendency that two or more variables analyzed in this study are complexly related. Each variable demands a reward corresponding to that variable. The compensation required by each variable is similar to, corresponds to, or contradicts the other variable. When variables that require similar, corresponding, or contradictory compensation are related to the human body at the same time, the compensated result becomes a compromise or compromise between the compensation required by these variables. At this time, "force synthesis and decomposition" can be understood through the laws of physics.

Variables analyzed independently in this study can be understood in the same context as the concept of 3D expressing a three-dimensional object through a combination of x, y, and z axes with respective values. The variables analyzed here make it possible to analyze and analyze the related variables by decomposing each of the related variables in evaluating the compensation mechanism formed by a complex relationship of two or more variables, and provide an easy method for evaluating by combining them again. In addition, when there is a need for correction, it provides an easy method to identify the problem of the compensation mechanism and to present and apply new variables that can obtain the effect of correction.

If there is a variable, the corresponding compensation is performed. Even if the same variable works, the degree of compensation varies depending on the size of the variable. This can be defined as the larger the size of the variable, the larger the corresponding compensation. If the compensation corresponding to the variable is not properly performed, this may cause lesions or deformities.

4-5. Exceptions to compensation

This study analyzed the variables of the segment in various ways. These variables tend to be selected in accordance with the characteristics of each organism. Accordingly, the state of the human body caused by characteristics of the organism, such as personality, and the state of the human body caused by environmental factors, may be different from each other. In that case, it may cause lesions or deformities.

Human posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. This human state can be explained through the laws of physics as a reaction of the human body against gravity. However, human posture does not always respond optimally to the laws of physics. The compensation of segments that do not follow the laws of physics can be mainly attributed to personality and environmental factors. An easy example is the displacement of a segment caused by an aesthetic desire or the displacement of a segment reflecting the political purpose performed in relation to the third party. This cannot be overlooked. However, all of this cannot be explained because it is as diverse as the number of people. Hereinafter, a few representative examples of rewards that tend not to obey the laws of physics are clearly indicated. There are displacements of the center of gravity of the human body, upper limb, head, and mandible.

The center of gravity of the human body is based on '12. center of gravity of the human body'. The displacement of the human body's center of gravity is relatively deeply related to personality. Urgent personality, excitement, anger, etc. increase the center of gravity of the body, whereas calm personality, psychological stability, etc. can cause the drop of the center of gravity of the body.

If the state of the center of gravity of the human body caused by characteristics of organisms and environmental factors, etc. is not properly reflected in the human body, this can cause lesions and deformities. An example is the case where the weight of the upper limb is concentrated in the lumbar region due to the lowering of the center of gravity of the human body even though the lumbar vertebrae are increased and the lumbar vertebrae are over-tensioned and compensation for the reduction in the lumbosacral vertebrae is required. This can cause spinal lesions and deformities.

The displacement of the upper belt largely reflects the political purpose. Men tend to prefer broad shoulders and women tend to prefer narrow shoulders. Therefore, men tend to raise the upper limb, and women tend to lower the upper limb. In that case, the displacement of the upper limb may not cooperate with the natural compensation process. An example is the case where the upper limb is lowered even though it is necessary to pull the spine upward and raise the center of gravity of the human body due to pain caused by excessive lumbar vertebrae.

The head is displaced from time to time along the line of sight. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately measure the displacement of the head. However, if you observe it over a period of time, you can observe a position that is a reference for movement or a position that is the center of a movement pattern. For example, the tendency to bow the head and the tendency to straighten it. This study analyzed various variables that require displacement of the following head. The displacement of the head is greatly influenced by the characteristics of each organism such as personality, aesthetic needs, political behavior, and environmental factors. Head displacement sometimes does not properly reflect the required compensation in the segment. When multiple compensations are required for the head, some or all of them are displaced into a third form without responding to the performance or all of them. In addition, there are cases in which the degree of compensation for the required compensation varies greatly from person to person.

The displacement of the head becomes a variable of the mandible. The displacement of the mandible also sometimes does not follow the natural laws of physics. For example, the relationship between the upper and lower jaws caused by complex complementation, aesthetic needs, and political purposes.

If the head does not perform the natural compensation required for this, the result can be a variable that demands compensation from other segments. Representative examples include the spinal side only caused by the lateral flexion of the head, the forward displacement of the support point that caused the forward flexion of the head, and the rear displacement of the support point caused by the back of the head.

5. Hip extension and foot abduction

Before evolution, humans took'four-legged walking'. Even today, its structural features remain. (Refer to Fig. 1 for the definition of intra-foot and abduction. In Fig. 1, A shows both feet in a cross section.)

The relationship between the hip joint and the foot can be explained through the experiment of (Fig. 2). In (Fig. 2), (A) is a pelvis, (B) is a foot below the thigh. When (A) was displaced forward in (1), (B) turned outward. When (A) was displaced backward in (2), (B) rotated inward. This can explain that when the hip joint is extended and the pelvis is displaced forward, the foot is abducted, the hip joint is bent, and the pelvis is displaced posteriorly, the foot is adducted.

This can be explained through another experiment. In (Fig. 3), (a) is a hip joint, (b) is a structure between the hip joint and the foot, and (c) is a foot. Structure (A) takes the form of'four-legged walking'. When it is extended, it becomes the same structure as (B). (B) to (c) were abducted. This can explain that the foot is abducted when the hip joint is extended. The distance between (B) and (c) has become farther apart. This can be found in the fact that (a) and (b) do not join at right angles. The experiment in (Fig. 3) can explain that when the hip joint is hyperextended, the gap between both feet tends to be wide when standing and walking. However, it is difficult to clearly determine the results of the above experiment because the characteristics of the hip joint are flexed and extended when the hip joint is externally rotated, and the structural characteristics of the hip joint that can move in all directions with a ball and socket joint must be considered. .

6. Ideal posture

All compensatory mechanisms are the result of the organism's active or passive adaptation to its environment. Therefore, all compensatory mechanisms at that time can be evaluated as being in an ideal state only for the organism. This includes compensation mechanisms that are objectively judged as negative.

The ideal posture defined in '6-3. Definition of an Ideal Posture' is a generalized one. The ideal posture condition defined in '6-3-1. Ideal posture condition' can be used as a general criterion for evaluation in posture evaluation.

However, in the evaluation of posture, the ideal posture of an individual organism, in principle, needs to be repeated by trial and error evaluation and review as the characteristics and environmental factors of the organism are sufficiently considered.

*6-1. Characteristics of each organism

Organism-specific characteristics refer to characteristics unique to the organism, including lesions, deformities and personality, and psychological conditions.

6-2. Environmental factors

Environmental factors encompass all environments surrounding humans such as times, geography, politics, economy, society, and culture. Relatively in agricultural culture, the support point tends to be displaced outside and the hip joint is rotated externally.

6-2-1.Social environment

Culture is largely divided into nomadic and agricultural culture according to the lifestyle. Compared to the nomadic culture where the exchange of members is relatively frequent, the hierarchical order and dominant ideology tend to be stricter in the agricultural culture where they settle and live. This is reflected in the human body. Agricultural culture tends to demand a rigid attitude in terms of'property'. It is evaluated as relatively undesirable. In practice, there are cases where the weight is alternately supported on the inside and outside of the foot on the foot without biasing the left and right weights when standing. There is a tendency to have a relatively large lateral bias. If this is repeated for a long time and continues, the support point is displaced outside and the hip joint is externally rotated.

6-2-2. Lifestyle

There are many standing cultures in nomadic culture, and sedentary culture in the agricultural culture. In the sedentary culture, if you take the'positive position', the external rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint are over-tense. The muscle is located relatively outside the lower limb. In general, there is a tendency to proactively use relatively strong muscles during exercise. Accordingly, in the above case, the lateral muscles of the lower extremities tend to function predominantly. In that case, the weight is biased to the outside of the foot and the support point tends to be displaced outside.

6-3.Definition of ideal posture

In this study, the'ideal posture' of the human body is '6-3-1. As a result of faithfully performing the conditions of the ideal posture defined in'The conditions of the ideal posture', it is defined as the state in which the musculoskeletal system is optimized. Therefore, the ideal posture defined here is the'ideal state of the human body' and the optimized movement characteristics are reflected. The exercise evaluation below is based on the'ideal posture' defined as above. There is a section where the expression ‘normal’ is used below. In this study,'normal' was used with the same concept as'ideal posture'.

6-3-1. Ideal posture conditions

The conditions for the ideal posture are defined in a to m below. At this time, the human body has no lesions or deformities and is in an optimal state.

a. It stands naturally on the ground without slope.

b. Both feet are side by side and spread to the width of the pelvis.

c. Both feet are abducted by 15˚ from the sagittal axis of the human body (there is no other displacement in the feet).

d. Weight is evenly distributed to both feet.

e. The support point is located at the initial position with no displacement. The initial position of the support point was defined in '3-3-1. Definition of the support point'.

f. Maintains moderate muscle tension and does not have specific muscle hypertension.

g. There is no rise or fall of the center of gravity of the human body.

h. There is no intentional displacement of the upper limb.

i. Arms are comfortably lowered down.

j. Breathing is a natural state.

k. The maxilla and mandible are naturally occlusal.

l. The gaze is naturally directed forward.

m. There is no external force except gravity.

6-3-2. Consideration of posture

"Standing can be evaluated in three planes: sagittal, coronal plane, and transverse. The plumb line is used as a reference point. This term is'lead'." Derived from the Latin word “plumbum,” meaning “plumbum.” The line is a string with a heavy object attached to the end. When the weight is hung, the string forms a vertical line. The subject stands behind the line while the posture is being evaluated. Principles and Practices of Enemy Movement/Peggy A. Houglum/Daehan Media)"

6-3-2-1.Front view

In this study, '6-3-1. Viewing the ideal posture formed as a result of faithfully performing the “ideal posture condition” is similar to the state of “the principle of therapeutic exercise and the practice/ideal posture described in Peggy A. Houglum”.

“When viewed from the anterior or frontal view, the trunk line divides the body in a balanced way to the left and right. The subject is standing with the foot at the same distance from the line. The foot is approximately 15 degrees from the sagittal axis of the body. It is abducted to the extent of the pelvis, with the palms facing both sides of the thigh, and the arm is releasing the strength of the arm. In this position, the vertebra must divide the nose and mouth, and the sternum, umbilicus, and pubis It passes through the central part of the (pubic bones). The earlobes are level with each other, shoulders, fingertip ends, nipples, iliac crests, patellae, and The same is true of the medial malleoli: the patella naturally faces forward, depending on the degree of abduction of the foot, the knees and ankles in a straight line with the knees not angled inward or outward. (Principles and Practices of Therapeutic Exercise/Peggy A. Houglum/Daehan Media)"

6-3-2-2.Side view

In this study, '6-3-1. Viewing from the side the ideal posture formed as a result of faithfully performing the “ideal posture conditions” is similar to the state of “the principle of therapeutic exercise and the practice/ideal posture described in Peggy A. Houglum”.

"From the side, when the subject is placed on the ankle line, the alignment of the side from the head to the bottom is as follows. The cortex is the external auditory meatus, earlobes, and the bodies of cervical vertebrae. ) And passes through the greater trochanter, the chin slightly inward, the chest slightly upward and forward, there is a soft curve inside the lower part of the back and neck. Peggy A. Houglum/Daehan Media)"

'6-3-1 as defined in this study. When you faithfully follow the conditions of the ideal posture, your gaze is relatively naturally directed forward 15˚ upward.

6-3-2-3. Ideal spinal curvature

In this study, '6-3-1. The spinal curvature of the ideal posture formed as a result of faithfully performing the'ideal posture condition' is similar to the result of the'optimized spinal column model' of Dun Harrison's previous study published in "SPINE" (Fig. 4). .

"According to Dun Harrison, the ideal spinal curve is that the angles of the normal curves formed by the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and cloth (line) additions are each 63˚ (Fig. 4)."

7. Foot displacement and compensation

The internal and abduction of the foot tends to be related to the center of gravity of the human body in many parts. The center of gravity of the human body is closely related to the state of mind. Urgent personality, psychological anxiety, etc. can cause the body's gravity center to rise, calm personality, psychological stability, etc., can be the factors of the body's gravity center fall.

In everyday life, humans are frequently forced to stand upright with their feet in the form of '11-step walking' or '11-stepping', either actively or passively. This may or may not be acceptable depending on the person. This can be understood simply as a matter of preference. However, it tends to be relatively closely related to personality. When standing naturally in the '4-foot walking' posture, the hip joint is extended and rotated externally and the foot is abducted. At this time, in order to make the foot part '11 characters', the foot part must be pronation. When the foot is adducted, the hip joint is flexed and internally rotated and the pelvis is tilted forward. Lumbar vertebra increases, and lumbar spine becomes hypertensive. Demand compensation. When the lumbar vertebrae are increased, the spine can be pulled upward, and compensation for raising the center of gravity of the human body can be performed. When the body's center of gravity rise is constitutively acceptable, or when the body's center of gravity rises, foot pronation, which is forced actively or passively, can be structurally accommodated without a sense of resistance. On the other hand, when the center of gravity of the human body is lowered, the load on the upper limb is relatively concentrated in the lumbar vertebrae, so the increase in lumbar vertebrae due to foot pronation is relatively difficult to accommodate. Therefore, when the center of gravity of the human body is lowered, compensation for reduction of lumbar vertebrae such as foot abduction, hip joint external rotation, forward displacement of the support point, and lateral displacement of the support point tends to be performed.

Segments are organically joined. The displacement of one segment affects other segments. The pronation of the foot tends to be accompanied by internal rotation of the hip joint, posterior displacement of the support, and medial displacement of the support. On the contrary, external rotation of the hip joint, anterior displacement of the support point, and lateral displacement of the support point tend to accompany the abduction of the foot. If they are accompanied by all or part of them. Here, only the compensation caused by internal and abduction of the foot is explained without considering other variables.

7-1. Pronation and compensation of the foot

When the foot is adducted, the knee joint is bent, the hip joint is rotated and bent, and the pelvis is displaced backward and inclined forward. Only the lumbar vertebrae increase, only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. The upper limb is bent.

Increased lumbar spine can cause back pain. Therefore, it tends to pull the spine upward and raise the center of gravity of the body. In that case, the upper limb is raised.

The head tends to be full-bodied and retracted.

7-2. Abduction and compensation of the foot

When the foot is abducted, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is externally rotated and extended, and the pelvis is displaced forward and backward. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis increases. The upper limb is extended.

The lumbar angle decreases. Therefore, the center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In that case, the upper limb descends.

The head tends to be posterior and forward.

8. Hip joint displacement and compensation

In general, internal and external rotation of the hip joint is caused by an imbalance of muscle tension in the lower extremities.

Segments are organically joined. The displacement of one segment affects other segments. The internal rotation of the hip joint tends to be accompanied by pronation of the foot, medial displacement of the support point, and posterior displacement. On the contrary, external rotation of the hip joint tends to be accompanied by abduction of the foot, lateral displacement of the support point, and anterior displacement. If they are accompanied by all or part of them. Here, only the compensation caused by internal and external rotation of the hip joint will be described without considering other variables.

8-1. Internal rotation and compensation of the hip joint

When the hip joint is rotated internally, it bends and the pelvis is displaced backward and inclined forward. The knee joint is flexed. Only the lumbar vertebrae increase, only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. The upper limb is bent.

Increased lumbar spine can cause back pain. Therefore, it tends to pull the spine upward and raise the center of gravity of the body. In that case, the upper limb is raised.

The head tends to be full-bodied and retracted.

8-2. External rotation and compensation of the hip joint

When the hip joint is rotated externally, it is extended and the pelvis is displaced anteriorly and tilted posteriorly. The knee joint is extended. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis increases. The upper limb is extended.

The lumbar angle decreases. Therefore, the center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. In that case, the upper limb descends.

The head tends to be posterior and forward.

9. Support point displacement and compensation

When the weight is biased in the forefoot, the supporting point is displaced forward, and when the weight is biased in the hindfoot, the supporting point is displaced backward. When the weight is biased on the inside of the foot, the support point is displaced inside, and when the weight is biased on the outside of the foot, the support point is displaced outside. When the displacement of the support point repeats and continues over a long period of time, the foot is displaced and constructed.

The lateral displacement of the support point is mainly observed in people who frequently take a posture with weight laterally biased rather than those who stand relatively balanced with two legs. When the weight is laterally biased, the support point of the foot part of the weight is laterally displaced. In the case of people with frequent lateral weighting, they tend to repeat the left and right weights at regular intervals rather than taking a proper posture to avoid hypertension of the muscles in a specific direction. If this is repeated and continued over a long period of time, there may be a degree of difference in both feet, but both feet are constructed with the support points displaced outward. The greater the lateral bias of the body weight, the greater the lateral displacement and variation of the supporting point. This can be done disproportionately in both feet. When the support point is constructed with an outer displacement, the width of the support point's outer displacement during walking and exercise, and the reduction of the support angle is large. This is the result of the foot adaptation to frequent lateral displacement of the support point. Conversely, when the support point is constructed with an inner displacement, the width of the support point's outer displacement during exercise and walking, and the reduction of the support angle is small.

Segments are organically joined. The displacement of one segment affects other segments. The anterior displacement of the support point tends to be accompanied by the lateral displacement of the support point, abduction of the foot, and external rotation of the hip joint. The posterior displacement of the support point tends to be accompanied by medial displacement of the support point, pronation of the foot, and internal rotation of the hip joint. The medial displacement of the support point tends to be accompanied by a posterior displacement of the support point, pronation of the foot, and internal rotation of the hip joint. Lateral displacement of the support point tends to be accompanied by anterior displacement of the support point, abduction of the foot, and external rotation of the hip joint. If they are accompanied by all or part of them. Here, only the displacement of the supporting point is described without considering other variables.

9-1. All directions of support and compensation

When the supporting point is displaced anteriorly, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is extended and rotated externally, and the pelvis is displaced anteriorly and inclined posteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis increases. The upper limb is extended.

The lumbar angle decreases. Therefore, the center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. When the center of gravity of the human body descends, the upper limb descends.

The head tends to be posterior and forward.

9-2. Backward displacement of support and compensation

When the supporting point is displaced posteriorly, the knee joint is bent, the hip joint is bent and internally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced posteriorly and inclined forward. Only lumbar vertebrae increase, thoracic kyphosis decreases. The upper limb is bent.

Increased lumbar spine can cause back pain. Therefore, it tends to pull the spine upward and raise the center of gravity of the body. When the center of gravity of the human body rises, the upper limb rises.

The head tends to be full-bodied and retracted.

9-3. Inward displacement and compensation of support points

When the supporting point is medially displaced, the knee joint is bent, the hip joint is bent and internally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced posteriorly and inclined anteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae increase, only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. The upper limb is bent.

Increased lumbar spine can cause back pain. Therefore, it tends to pull the spine upward and raise the center of gravity of the body. When the center of gravity of the human body rises, the upper limb rises.

The head tends to be full-bodied and retracted.

9-4. Outer displacement and compensation of support points

When the support point is displaced outward, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is extended and rotated externally, and the pelvis is displaced forward and backward. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis increases. The upper limb is extended.

The lumbar angle decreases. Therefore, the center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. When the center of gravity of the human body descends, the upper limb descends.

The head tends to be posterior and forward.

10. Lateral bias and compensation of weight

Lateral bias in body weight is the only cause of the spine. This tends to be mainly caused by habits, behaviors that reflect political purposes, and certain postures that have been forced over time.

10-1.The cause of only the spine

10-1-1. Only spinal scoliosis caused by exercise habits

In a relatively right-handed exercise, the stepping foot (the foot that is the axis of the exercise) tends to become the left foot. When the stepping foot becomes the left foot, this results in the same result as the weight being biased to the left. In the opposite case, the result is the opposite. Lateral bias in body weight is the only cause of the spine. Therefore, the higher the degree to which the exercise is biased in a specific hand, the more likely it is to become scoliosis. Scoliosis is affected by the condition of the foot.

Relatively, the weight tends to be biased to the opposite foot of the exercising hand. However, this is difficult to conclude because right-handed people who mainly use the right hand with the stepping foot on the right foot are also frequently observed. The same goes for the other side. However, no matter what type of exercise is performed, the lateral weight of the body weight is the cause of only the spine, so if there is only the spine, how the weight is supported in the lower extremities should be observed first.

10-1-2. Only the spine side caused by the lateral flexion of the head

When a specific segment is displaced, the human body maintains balance by being compensated for in other segments. When the head is flanked, the weight of the head is shifted in the direction in which the head is flanked and the balance is broken. It must be rewarded for balance. The compensated result is in the form of a weight biased in the side flexed direction. Lateral bias in body weight is the only cause of the spine. Scoliosis of the spine is affected by the condition of the foot.

In general,'garma' is formed by being deviated laterally than the center. The lateral deviation of'garma' can be the cause of lateral deflection. For example, if'garma' is formed on the right side, the left hair will often block the view during exercise. At this time, buckling the head can be an easy way to secure the view from the hair. This is mainly observed in women with long hair. There is also the opposite case. This is caused by a relatively political purpose. In the case of women, this is the act of covering one eye with hair by deliberately bending the head for aesthetic desires such as mystery and femininity. In addition, in the case of men, standing stiff for political purposes is also a cause of head flexion.

10-2.Spine side only

Lateral bias in body weight is a variable of support. When the weight is laterally biased, the support point is displaced laterally and the support angle decreases in the weight-biased foot.

People with frequent lateral bias in their weight tend to repeat left and right bias at regular intervals rather than taking a proper posture. Therefore, when the lateral bias of body weight is repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the support points tend to be displaced outwardly in both feet and constructed. In the case of a person with frequent lateral bias of the body weight, there is a tendency that the lateral bias of the body weight is performed in a relatively specific direction over a longer period of time rather than a bidirectional balance. If this is repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the human body is built optimized for the state at the time. At this time, the optimization is built based on the center of the position where the weight bias is relatively dominant. This is the only cause of the spine. The human body is governed by gravity. Therefore, if the posture is repeated and continued over a long period of time, the degree of spinal lesions and deformities increases.

In general, the weight-biased foot tends to be located in front of and outside the support point compared to the opposite foot. This is reflected in walking.

The segments of the human body are organically combined. The displacement of one segment affects other segments. When the weight is laterally biased, the muscles involved in the posture and movement decrease, making it unstable. Therefore, the displacement of the supporting point tends to accompany this. The weight-biased foot tends to be displaced forward with the support point displaced outward. In addition, since the muscles of the lower extremities are unbalanced, the hip joint tends to rotate internally and externally. The hip joint tends to rotate externally. If the weight is laterally biased, the compensation varies.

10-2-1.Spine side only when the sagittal axis of the foot and the sagittal axis of the human body are parallel

The toes are facing the front. Hereinafter, only the case where the weight is biased to the left will be described. If the weight is biased to the right, the explanation is the opposite.

If the weight is biased toward the left foot, the pelvis is displaced to the left. As the bias increases, the displacement increases. When most of the body weight is supported by the left foot, there is a difference in degree depending on the condition of the left foot and the condition of the right lower limb, but the center of gravity of the pelvis and the support formed in the left foot are relatively consistent on a vertical line.

The pelvis is tilted to the right in the coronal plane. The hip and knee joints of the left lower limb are extended. Therefore, the left lower limb looks long. The lumbar spine protrudes right, and the thoracic spine protrudes left. The shoulder girdle is inclined to the left, and the head is buckling. If there is a willing effort to erect the upper limb and head horizontally and vertically, the left upper limb is raised. However, despite the willing effort, the head does not reach the top and tends to show the tendency of buckling. Typically, the scoliosis is formed as a smooth curve over the entire spine. The supporting point is displaced outward.

This tends to be accompanied by anterior displacement of the supporting point. In addition, the muscles of the lower extremities tend to be unbalanced, resulting in an external rotation of the hip joint. Therefore, in this case, the change in spinal curvature is complicated. In this case, the accompanying variable and the degree of its relationship should be considered.

If the displacement of other support points and the displacement of the hip joint are accompanied, the compensation required by these variables is reflected in a complex manner.

10-2-2. Spine side only when the sagittal axis of the foot is abducted from the sagittal axis of the human body

The foot is abducted from the sagittal axis of the human body, and the gaze is directed to the front (f). Here, only the case where the weight is left biased will be described. If the weight is biased to the right, the explanation is the opposite.

(Fig. 5) shows the pelvis and feet in a horizontal plane. (1) is the state without weight bias and (2) is the state with left weight. When the weight is biased toward the left foot (a), the pelvis (b) is displaced to the left and turns to the left (2). Compensation increases as weight bias increases. When most of the body weight is supported by the left foot, there may be a difference in degree depending on the condition of the left foot and the condition of the opposite lower limb, but the center of the pelvis and the position of the support point formed on the left foot are relatively consistent on a vertical line. The coronal axis and the sagittal axis of the foot intersect to form a relatively orthogonal angle (2).

The pelvis is tilted to the right in the coronal plane. The hip and knee joints of the left lower limb are extended. Therefore, the left lower limb looks long. The lumbar spine protrudes right, and the thoracic spine protrudes left. The upper limb is inclined to the left, and the head is buckled.

The upper limb tends to naturally rotate to the left with the rotation of the pelvis.

However, before the lateral bias of the body weight, the gaze was directed to the front (f). Therefore, there is a tendency to turn right toward the front (f). Hereinafter, it is assumed that there is a right turn toward the front (f). Rotation is made relatively evenly throughout the body. The segment of the upper part of the foot relative to the left foot is gradually and evenly rotated toward the front (f), and the rotation of the head is finally completed. However, there is a tendency that it cannot be rotated to the initial position before displacement. At this time, the left upper limb is bent, so that the front of the upper limb tends to be closer to the front (f). As a result of the rotation, the spine is rotated toward the scoliosis and the front (f) together. If there is a willing effort to erect the upper limb and the head horizontally and vertically, the left upper limb is raised. However, the position of the head does not reach the top, so there is a tendency to keep showing the tendency of buckling. The head is buckled and rotated to the right due to the left side weight of the weight and the outer displacement of the support point.

The lateral bias of the body weight and the rotation toward the front (f) were separately described. However, this is for the convenience of technology, and if there is a rotation toward the front (f), the compensation tends to be made simultaneously. In this case, the change in spinal curvature is complicated.

When the weight is laterally biased, the support point is displaced outward. This tends to be accompanied by anterior displacement of the supporting point. In addition, due to the imbalance of the muscles of the lower extremities, the hip joint tends to rotate internally and externally (comparatively, the hip joint tends to rotate externally). Therefore, in this case, the accompanying variable and the degree of its relationship should be considered.

If the displacement of other support points and the displacement of the hip joint are accompanied, the compensation required by these variables is reflected in a complex manner.

10-2-3.Spine side only when the sagittal axis of the foot is adducted from the sagittal axis of the human body

This case is not very observed. In this case, the explanation of only the spine side is the opposite of the case where the sagittal axis of the foot is abducted from the sagittal axis of the human body.

11. Muscle tension weakness and compensation

When the body is weakened due to weakened muscle strength, the hip joint is extended and rotated externally, and the pelvis is displaced forward and backward. Lumbar lordosis decreases, thoracic kyphosis increases. The muscle tension in the upper limb weakens, and the center of gravity of the human body descends. If you are in a naturally damp position, your upper limbs will bend. However, this can be observed in a short time, and if the posture is relatively long, the upper limb is extended. This can be seen as the cause of the increase in the thoracic hindlimb, which causes the center of gravity to be relatively leaned forward, and as a compensation for this, the weight of the segment as possible for balance should be positioned backward. The head repeats forward and backward. There is a tendency for a relatively large amount of time to be transferred. At this time, anterior displacement of the support point, lateral displacement, and external rotation of the hip joint tend to be accompanied. If they are accompanied, all or part of them may be accompanied.

12. center of gravity of the human body

*Personality, psychological state, preferences, habits, pain, lesions, deformities, muscle weakness, etc. can be variables of the center of gravity of the human body. The displacement of the human body's center of gravity becomes a variable of spinal curvature.

The displacement of the center of gravity of the human body can be understood through an experiment using a balloon as shown in (Fig. 6). In (1) and (2) in FIG. 6, the center of gravity of the human body was displaced by the pressures (a) and (b), respectively. (1) the center of gravity of the human body has risen, and (2) the center of gravity of the body is lowered.

The human body is governed by gravity. The human body needs proper muscle tension to resist gravity when standing. This study defines this as'standing new power'. When trying to raise the center of gravity of the human body, the standing new power increases. At this time, there is a tendency that the upper limb is raised, the thoracic volume is enlarged, the abdominal wall is reduced, and the curvature of the spine decreases. Conversely, when the center of gravity of the human body tries to descend, the standing new power decreases. At this time, the upper limb descends, the thoracic volume decreases, the abdominal wall enlarges, and the curvature of the spine tends to increase.

In this study, when the center of gravity of the human body is raised, the standing extension power increases, the upper limb is raised, the volume of the rib cage is enlarged, the abdominal wall is reduced, and the curvature of the spine decreases. When the center of gravity of the body is lowered, the standing extension power decreases. , It is defined as the lowering of the upper limb, decreasing the volume of the rib cage, expanding the abdominal wall, and increasing the curvature of the spine.

Changes in the center of gravity of the human body are closely related to personality and psychological state. Urgent personality, psychological anxiety, etc. can be a factor in the rise of the center of gravity of the body. On the contrary, calm personality, psychological stability, etc. can be a factor in the descent of the center of gravity of the human body. In addition, an increase in the lumbosacral vertebrae caused by the anterior pelvic inclination may be a factor for increasing the center of gravity of the body, and a decrease in the lumbosacral vertebrae caused by the posterior pelvic inclination may be a factor for the descending of the center of gravity of the body. In addition, muscle weakness can be a factor in the lowering of the center of gravity of the body.

12-1.Human body gravity center rise

Excessive lumbar vertebrae cause low back pain. Therefore, when the lumbar spine is increased, the spine is pulled upward and the center of gravity of the body tends to rise. Pulling the spine upward reduces spinal curvature. Variables that increase lumbosacral spine include foot pronation, support point medial displacement, posterior displacement, and hip joint rotation. When compensated for these variables, the center of gravity of the human body tends to rise.

If you have low back pain, it may be helpful to reduce the curvature of the spine by pulling the spine upwards through the rise of the center of gravity of the body. In the case of low back pain or spinal lesions, it is easy to observe the case of raising the center of gravity of the body.

When the center of gravity of the human body is raised, it consumes a lot of energy to maintain the posture.

12-2. Lowering the center of gravity of the human body

When the standing power is weakened by the lowering of the center of gravity of the human body, the spine is pressed down. The load on the upper limb is relatively concentrated in the lumbar region, and the lumbar region is overtense. I need a reward. Reduction of lumbosacral angle compensated for variables such as abduction of the foot, anterior displacement of the support point, lateral displacement of the support point, and external rotation of the hip joint can help relieve hypertension of the lumbar spine. Therefore, when the center of gravity of the human body is lowered, the above variable tends to be applied and compensated. At this time, all or part of the above variables are applied.

In addition, the center of gravity of the human body may descend due to a decrease in the lumbar angle. Lumbar vertebrae decrease when compensated for variables such as foot abduction, support point anterior displacement, support point lateral displacement, and hip joint external rotation. In posture maintenance, the load on the lumbar spine is reduced, and muscle tension in the lumbar spine is alleviated. This can cause the center of gravity of the human body to fall. When the above variable is compensated, the center of gravity of the human body tends to descend.

When the center of gravity of the human body is lowered, it consumes less energy to maintain the posture.

13. Head displacement and compensation

When the head is displaced, the human body needs compensation for balance. Therefore, it becomes a variable for other segments. When the head is forward flexed, the support point tends to displace forward, and when the head is retracted, the support point tends to displace backward. The lateral flexion of the head and the displacement of the support point were explained in '10-1-2. Spine side only caused by lateral flexion of the head'.

Here, the compensation of other segments caused by the displacement of the head is not considered. The rewards described here were limited in scope to the head.

There are various types of face shapes such as round, egg, rectangular, and square. Conventionally, this was mostly understood as a problem of heredity. In addition, if there is a problem such as mutation or deformity, it was evaluated that it was caused by a relatively nervous system abnormality or a wrong habit such as a hand chin or excessive mastication.

For these, correction and treatment included a method of cutting a bone or a method of inserting a material such as silicon into the corresponding area. For example, when the mandibular angle is wide, there is a method of incising the mandibular angle. However, this is wrong, and when the mandibular angle is wide, most of the mandible is posterior and constricted is the main cause. Therefore, correction and treatment of teeth is possible by allowing the mandible to restore its original position. Another example is a procedure in which a material such as silicone is inserted into the cheek when the cheek is stiff and the facial contour is rough, especially on the half side. This can cause another lesion, malformation. When the cheeks are constricted, this tends to be caused by excessive development of muscles around the mandibular angle and protrusion of teeth. In cases where the head is relatively protracted, the tongue tends to push the teeth. Correction and treatment of teeth can be performed by placing the head in its original position, restoring the teeth to its original position, and relieving tension in the muscles around the mandibular angle.

For various face types, posture tends to be the main cause. Posture can be naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. This can be explained relatively clearly through the laws of physics. Various facial variations, lesions, deformities, etc. can be corrected and treated through posture correction. In this part, orthodontics can be used. However, if only the teeth are corrected without correcting the posture that requires the corresponding compensation to the mandible, it is difficult to expect the effect according to the purpose, and it may be the cause of another lesion or deformity.

13-1. Change in acting force

13-1-1.Gravity

The following description may be understood in the same context for other segments. The relationship between gravity and the human body is the same in other segments, but there are many parts to be treated as characteristically related to the head, which will be explained here. Hereinafter, only the case where the head is buckled will be described. However, in the opposite case, the explanation is the opposite.

If the buckling of the head repeats and persists over a long period of time, the head changes and builds up. The left mandible is displaced upward and the right mandible is displaced downward. As long as the mandible's moving radius is not exceeded, the displacement of the mandible tends to be relatively horizontal.

The lower part of the septal cartilage is bent to the left.

Characteristically, the left eyebrow tends to elevate and abduct, and the right eyebrow is lowered and adducted. The virtual line connecting the left and right eyebrows tends to be horizontal as long as the moving radius of the eyebrows is not exceeded. At this time, the inside of the left eyebrow tends to rise and the inside of the right eyebrow tends to descend.

This was caused by trying to balance the muscle tension horizontally against the imbalance of tension in the left and right muscles caused by the buckling of the head, and causing the upper left eyelid to rise and the right eyelid to descend to level both upper eyelids. Can be seen as.

Among both eyes, the one with greater tension in the surrounding muscles tends to become the main eyes. Therefore, in this case, the right eye tends to be principal and the left eye tends to be blind.

13-1-2. Changes in muscle strength

Muscle strength tends to be relatively concentrated in one place. When a specific muscle is hypertensive, the surrounding muscle tends to tense and co-ordinate in a similar or consistent direction of action. This characteristic is easily observed on the face. If it repeats and persists over a long period of time, it is established in that state. This can be related to evolution. The following refers to J. Lamarck's theory of dissolution.

Asians call it "Mongolian slope" and have a tendency to have their eyes raised compared to Westerners. In Asians, the hip joint tends to be externally rotated. This was explained in '6-2. Environmental factors'. When the hip joint is externally rotated, the pelvis is tilted posteriorly, only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis is increased, and the head tends to be posterior and anterior. When the head is posterior, the mandible tends to be posterior. This can be understood as an effort to position the weight of the segment as possible posteriorly in coordination with the posterior of the head. In such a case, there is a tendency for the muscles to become hypertensive in the head so that the direction of action is relatively toward the posterior head along with the muscle tension for the mandibular posterior. Result The muscle tension caused by the posterior part of the head pulls the tail of the eye back. This can be seen as the cause of the "Mongolian slope". In addition, in the case of Asians, the curve of the face of the back with a low nose is gentle. It can also be understood that the above muscle tension is the cause and this is reflected in evolution. For Westerners, it can be interpreted as having no opposition or variation.

In the case of black people, the curvature of the face is small and gentle. There is muscle hypertension for this. It can be seen that the muscle tension is caused by an effort to avoid excessive overheating in a specific part of the face and to distribute heat in a balanced manner over the entire face. This can be seen as reflected in evolution.

This technical idea has analyzed the variables of the segment in various ways. If the variable is applied to the human body and repeats for a long time, the human body is optimized for that variable. The optimized characteristics can be passed down generations and included in evolution.

As described above, Asians tend to have an external rotation of the hip joint and an external displacement of the support point. When the support point is displaced laterally, there is a tendency to load weight alternately on the left and right feet. In that case, the weight shift is large on the left and right. At this time, the growth of the weight-biased lower limbs will be inhibited. Alternating weight bias will impede growth in both lower extremities alternately. Asians tend to have a shorter lower body. This can be seen as the cause of the characteristics of the Asians and this was reflected in the evolution.

13-1-2-1.Amazed expression

There is a tendency for the muscles to become hypertensive in the head along the contour of the head so that the direction of action is toward the back of the head. The eyebrows are raised and abducted. Eyes wide open. In people who can move their ears, their ears are displaced backwards. The mandible is lowered and retrusioned.

Even if it is not a surprised expression, it is often observed in women. This is caused by the aesthetic desire to open your eyes relatively wide.

13-1-2-2. In case of intentionally narrowing the nostrils

There is a tendency for the muscles to become hypertensive in the head along the contour of the head so that the action direction is toward the nostrils (Fig. 7). The eyebrows are lowered, adducted, and the tip of the chin is anterior and raised. At this time, downward rotation of the mandible with the tip of the chin as the axis tends to be accompanied.

13-1-2-3. When pointing at an object with the tip of the chin

There is a tendency for the muscles to become hyper-tensioned in the head along the contour of the head with the direction of action toward the tip of the chin. The eyebrows are lowered and adducted, and the mandible is anterior and lowered. There is a tendency to open. At this time, downward rotation of the mandible tends to accompany the chin tip.

13-2. Compensation in the eyes

Head displacement affects vision. The gaze tends to be relatively at eye level. When looking at the eye level or above the eye rather than under the eye, concentration increases and tension in the muscles around the eye tends to increase. The tension in the muscles around both eyes is relatively higher in the main side than in the busian side. The eyebrows on the main side tend to be lowered and adducted, and the eyebrows on the busian side tend to be raised and abducted. "The difference between the two eyes becomes a constraint in the perception of shape, distance, etc."

13-2-1. Front, back and eyes of the head

When the head is inverted, the eyebrows elevate and abduct, and the tail of the eyebrows descends.

When the head is rolled, the eyebrows tend to descend, protrude, and the tail of the eyebrows tends to rise.

13-2-2. Before and after the head and eyes

When the head is full, the eyebrows are raised and abducted, and the tail of the eyebrows is lowered.

When the head is rearward, the eyebrows tend to be lower and the tail of the eyebrows that are adducted tend to rise.

Asians call it "Mongolian slope" and have a tendency to have their eyes raised compared to Westerners. In Asians, the hip joint tends to be externally rotated. This was explained in '6-2. Environmental factors'. When the hip joint is externally rotated, the pelvis is tilted posteriorly, only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, and only the thoracic kyphosis is increased, and the head tends to be posterior and anterior. When the head is posterior, the mandible tends to be posterior. In such a case, there is a tendency for the muscles to become hypertensive in the head so that the direction of action is relatively toward the posterior head along with the muscle tension for the mandibular posterior. This was explained in '13-1-2. Changes in muscle strength'. Muscle tension caused by the back of the head pulls the tail of the eye back. This can be seen as the cause of the "Mongolian slope". In addition, in the case of Asians, the contours of the face of the back with a low nose are smooth. This can also be understood as the cause of the hypertension of the muscles (refer to J. Lamarck's theory of insolubility). For Westerners, it can be interpreted as having no opposition or variation.

13-2-3. Lateral flexion of the head and eyes

Hereinafter, only the case where the head is buckled will be described. In the opposite case, the explanation is the opposite.

Under normal conditions, the imaginary line connecting both eyes is horizontal. When the head is buckled, the virtual line is inclined to the left. On the horizontal line, the left eye is located below the right eye. Therefore, objects located at or above eye level are clearly recognized by the right eye. In this case, it tends to raise the left eyebrow and pull the left eyelid. This can be seen as the cause of the effort to secure similar eye level or upper eye field of view in both eyes and to balance the muscle tension imbalance of both left and right sides due to lateral flexion horizontally and vertically. If this condition is repeated and sustained over a long period of time and is constructed, the right eye tends to become principal and left eye.

13-2-4. Lateral rotation of the head and eyes

The following description is based on '10-2-2. Only the vertebral side when the sagittal axis of the foot is abducted from the sagittal axis of the human body'. Therefore, the variable and the compensation proceed on the same extension line.

In '10-2-2. Spinal scoliosis when the sagittal axis of the foot is abducted from the sagittal axis of the human body', the head was turned right toward the front (f), the direction of the gaze before the weight was left biased. In the results, the head tended not to rotate to the initial position. It is premised on that. In this case, in order for the gaze to face the front (f), the gaze must face to the right. The object is relatively perceived by the right eye. If this condition is repeated and sustained over a long period of time and is constructed, the right eye tends to become principal and left eye. Along with this, the head tended to be buckling. When there is head buckling, eye changes caused by head buckling are performed simultaneously.

13-3. Compensation in the nose

The structure of the nose is organically combined with the maxillary teeth. Therefore, the displacement of the maxillary teeth becomes a variable of the nose. The displacement of the nose follows the displacement of the maxillary teeth. It is relatively large in the lower part of the septal cartilage, which is structurally close to the maxillary teeth.

At the top, the nose is vertical. Therefore, it can be easily confirmed that there is a mutation when the nose is curved to the side. However, other variations (high and low tip of the nose) are relatively difficult to identify. This is because it is difficult to clearly clarify the effects of genetics, and because if there is a mutation in the nose, the mutation is established over a relatively long period of time, so it is difficult to confirm the state before mutation.

13-4. Compensation in the mandible

The upper and lower teeth are closely occluded. Therefore, the displacement of the mandible can be a variable of the upper and lower teeth.

"The space between the mandible and the upper jaw is slightly open about 1.5~5mm, and is called the free way. (Clinical Kinematics/English Publisher/Bae Seongsu)"

When a specific segment is displaced, the human body maintains balance by being compensated in other segments. However, in the process of natural compensation, when displacement is requested to the mandible, the displacement of the mandible shows many differences depending on the person. The compensation required for the mandible may or may not be adequately reflected in the mandible. In addition, it is often distorted in a third form. This is mainly caused by characteristics of organisms and environmental factors. An example is the state or displacement of the mandible caused by aesthetic desires, complex complementation, and political purposes. This study aims to be relatively general. Therefore, the displacement of the mandible caused by the characteristics of the organism and environmental factors, and its compensation were relatively excluded.

13-4-1.Motion of the mandible

*"The possible movements of TMJ are mandibular depression, mandibular elevation, mandibular protrusion, mandibular retrusion, lateral deviation of the mandible, etc. (Clinical Kinematics/Bae Seongsu et al./English Publisher)."

In the case of other segments, the movement of the mandible also tends to be expressed in different terms depending on the academic world and scholars dealing with it. In this study, the protrusion of the jaw is expressed as the front of the mandible, and the pull of the chin is expressed as the posterior of the mandible.

The surface where the upper and lower teeth are in contact is inclined in the sagittal plane as shown in (a) of (Fig. 8). This can be a limiting factor for mandibular movement.

(Fig. 8) may be shown as (Fig. 9). In (Fig. 9), (A) is defined as the skull including the maxilla, and (B) is defined as the mandible. Fix (A) and displace (B) forward and backward along the bottom of (A). (B) was displaced before and downward in (1), and later and upward in (2). This can explain that when the mandible is protrusion, it is displaced before and down, and when it is retrusion, it is displaced later and upward. This affects the length of the face.

13-4-2. Tooth displacement

Hereinafter, the front surface of the tooth is defined as the outside and the rear surface is defined as the inside. When intraoral pressure or tongue pressure is related to the tooth, it acts as an internal pressure on the tooth. The tension and weight of the bulbar muscle covering the tooth act as external pressure on the tooth. In normal, the maxillary teeth act as external pressure on the mandibular teeth, and the mandible teeth act as internal pressure on the maxillary teeth. The natural occlusal state is a state in which internal and external pressures are balanced. This change becomes a variable in the teeth. At this time, the displacement of the tooth can be explained through the laws of physics.

Accurate evaluation should be analyzed by considering the conditions at the time, such as the magnitude and combination of internal and external pressures acting on the teeth, but in general, if the internal pressure increases without any change in external pressure, the maxillary teeth are displaced forward and lingually and the mandibular teeth are inclined. Anterior displacement, buccal inclined. Conversely, if the external pressure increases without changing the internal pressure, the maxillary teeth are displaced posteriorly, buccally inclined, and downwardly displaced, and the mandibular teeth displaced posteriorly and lingually. The anterior and posterior displacements of the teeth are relatively large in front of the dentition.

13-4-3. Head displacement and mandible

13-4-3-1.Compensation of the whole person and mandible of the head

When the head is protrusion, it is naturally opened unless there is a willing effort to occlude the upper and lower teeth. This can be evaluated as the mandible descending and retrusion based on the maxilla. At this time, in order for the upper and lower teeth to occlude, the mandible must be elevated and retracted. The colossus of the mandible, the colossal of the mandibular, for the whole person are hypertensive. At this time, the lower teeth tend to push the upper teeth. When the lower teeth push the upper teeth, the frictional force increases. This helps the mandible to resist gravity and maintain occlusion. Therefore, the free way state and the state where the mandibular tooth pushes the upper tooth are repeated.

In the result, the mandible tends to descend and engender and occlude.

If this is repeated and continued over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are anterior, inferior and lingual inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by posterior displacement and lingual inclination. The downward displacement of the maxillary teeth is mainly made in the free way or during the opening.

In the horizontal plane, the dentition tends to be apical. If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

As a result of the maxillary teeth displaced forward and downward, the septal cartilage displaced forward and downward, resulting in a long nose and a high nose tip.

The mandible is descending and anterior, and the mandibular anterior and elevating muscles are developed. The resulting face tends to be oval. If excessive, the face tends to be long and wide.

13-4-3-2. The posterior of the head and the compensation of the mandible

When the head is posterior, the mandible tends to be retrusion. The posterior of the mandible is intended to displace the weight of the segment as much as possible in coordination with the compensation of the head (compensation to balance the weight in each segment by displacing the weight of the head posteriorly) corresponding to the variable that requires the posterior of the head. It tends to be the main cause. Hereinafter, the mandible is assumed to be posterior.

When the mandible is posterior, this is the result of a decrease in the internal pressure acting anteriorly on the maxillary teeth. If this is repeated and continued for a long time, the maxillary teeth are displaced posteriorly and buccally inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by anterior displacement and buccal inclination. The anterior displacement and buccal inclination of the mandibular teeth are caused by intraoral pressure or, in some cases, pressure on the tongue. The dentition tends to be rectangular in the horizontal plane. If excessive, there is a tendency for pericardial bite (過被蓋咬合, deep over bite, closed bite).

In the process of rearrangement of the dentition due to the retrusion of the mandible, or when muscle tension is weakened after the dentition rearrangement, the mandible naturally tries to return to its original position. However, since the dentition is in the process of being rearranged or in a rearranged state, the mandible is required to maintain its current state. At this time, the posterior proximal, posterior proximal, and elevating muscles of the mandible become hypertensive. Or they tend to bite it. When biting it, the frictional force increases. This helps the mandibular to remain posterior. Therefore, the process of rearranging the dentition by elevating the mandible, or the state in which the free way is observed after the dentition rearrangement, and the state of biting it are repeated.

As a result of the posterior displacement of the maxillary teeth, the septal cartilage tends to be posteriorly displaced and the tip of the nose tends to be low.

As a result, the mandible is retrusioned and the face is short. In particular, masseter muscle, temporal muscle, and internal pterygoid are developed, and the face tends to be short, wide and round in the coronal plane. When excessive, it tends to be square.

13-4-3-3. Recession of the head and compensation of the mandible

When the head is retracted, it opens naturally unless there is a willing effort to occlude the upper and lower teeth. This can be evaluated as the mandible descending and retrusion based on the maxilla. At this time, in order for the upper and lower teeth to be occluded, the mandible must be elevated and protrusioned. The colossus of the mandible, the colossal of the mandibular, for the whole person are hypertensive. At this time, the lower teeth tend to push the upper teeth. When the lower teeth push the upper teeth, the frictional force increases. This helps the mandible to resist gravity and maintain the occlusal state. Repeat the free way state and the state where the mandibular tooth pushes the upper tooth.

In the result, the mandible tends to descend and engender and occlude.

When the mandible descends, this results in a decrease in the internal pressure acting upward on the maxillary teeth. If this is repeated and continued over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are anterior, inferior and lingual inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by posterior displacement and lingual inclination. The downward displacement of the maxillary teeth is mainly made in the free way or during the opening. In the horizontal plane, the dentition tends to be apical. If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

As a result of the maxillary teeth displaced forward and downward, the septal cartilage displaced forward and downward, resulting in a long nose and a high nose tip.

As a result, the mandible descends and has a long face, and the mandibular anterior and elevating muscles are developed. The face is long and wide and tends to be rather large. The resulting face tends to be oval. If excessive, the face tends to be long and wide.

13-4-3-4. Head forward flexion and mandible compensation

When the head is extruded, the mandible naturally protrusions and descends by gravity. Upper and lower teeth are rubbed. In this case, there is a tendency to avoid friction between the upper and lower teeth. To maintain a frictionless free way, the posterior proximal muscles of the mandible must be isometric contraction. However, at this time, the posterior proximal muscle of the mandible tends to be over-tensioned and the mandible is retrusioned. Therefore, the mandible tends to retrusion and descend. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the mandible is retrusion and lowered.

When the mandible descends, the distance between the upper and lower teeth becomes farther away. This is the result of a decrease in the internal pressure on the maxillary teeth. If this is repeated over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are then displaced downward and buccally inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by anterior displacement and buccal inclination. The downward displacement of the maxillary teeth is mainly made in the free way or during the opening. The anterior displacement and buccal inclination of the mandibular teeth are caused by intraoral pressure or, in some cases, pressure on the tongue. In the horizontal plane, the dentition tends to be oval-shaped (卵圓形). If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

When the mandible descends to rearrange the dentition, or when the muscle tension is weakened after the dentition rearrangement, the mandible naturally tries to return to its original position. However, since the process of rearranging the dentition or because the dentition is in a rearranged state, it is required to maintain the state at that time. At this time, the posterior proximal muscles of the mandible become hypertensive. Or they tend to bite it. When biting it, the frictional force increases. This helps the mandibular to remain posterior. Therefore, in this case, the process of rearranging the dentition as the mandible descends, or the state in which the dentition is rearranged and the free way is observed and the state of biting it are repeated.

As a result of the upper and lower teeth displaced, the septal cartilage tends to be displaced after and downward, resulting in a meburicoin.

As a result, the mandible is posterior, descended, and the face is long. The posterior proximal and elevating muscles of the mandible develop. The ball tends to be dent. The face tends to be long and wide. The chin is relatively sharp and the mandibular angle is wide, so the contour of the face tends to feel like a rhombus on the half side. In such a case, it is caused by the displacement of the mandible and the relatively protruding cheekbones as a result of the muscle adaptation.

13-4-3-5. Lateral flexion of the head and compensation of the mandible

Hereinafter, only the case where the head is buckled will be described. In the opposite case, the explanation is the opposite.

The displacement of the mandible when the head is buckled was explained in '13-1-1. Gravity'. In addition, the tongue and oral annulus are related to tooth displacement. When the head is buckled, the tongue naturally displaces to the left and tends to push the teeth to the left. Here, if the tongue has a habit of pushing the teeth forward, tooth displacement by the tongue increases. The external pressure of the right orbicularis muscle acting on the maxillary tooth increases by gravity, and the external pressure of the left orbicularis muscle decreases.

The upper and lower teeth are inclined to the right. In the horizontal plane, the dentition of the maxillary teeth is distorted in the form of a protrusion in the front left and a depression in the front right. There is a tendency that the front of the mandibular teeth is irregularly overlapped or displaced.

According to the displacement of the maxillary teeth, the septal cartilage is bent to the left.

In the result, the face is asymmetric left and right.

The head is displaced along the line of sight. At this time, the mandible tries to maintain its state as possible at that time. Therefore, in the case of displacement except for the buckling of the head, the elevating muscles of the left mandible and the descending muscles of the right mandible are hypertensive. This is reflected in the face shape.

The authoring movement should be considered here. The mastication movement is performed relatively on one side. In general, when food is chewed, all foods in the mouth are not subject to mastication. Most of the food is kept on the side where the authoring movement does not take place, and the rest is the subject of authoring. At the top, the mastication movement is performed alternately on the left and right. However, when the head is lateral flexion or construction, masticatory motion tends to be biased in the upper and lower jaws in the opposite direction of lateral flexion. This is because food is also affected by gravity, so it is easy to store food on the side where it is minced. Therefore, in this case, mastication movements tend to be mainly performed in the upper right and lower jaw. The muscles involved will develop due to hypertension. However, when the head is buckled, the peripheral muscles of the left mandible are largely developed. This can be understood as the reason that the muscle tension of the masticatory movement was relatively short time, while the peripheral muscle tension of the left mandible lasted for a longer period of time while maintaining the constructed state at the time.

Since there are many things to be considered in an accurate judgment, it is difficult to quickly conclude, but compared to exercises made for a relatively short period of time, small exercises that have been repeated and sustained for a long time tend to be more reflected in the musculoskeletal system. This is the same for other segments, and is particularly related to the formation of various body shapes. It can be understood in the same context as a weak water stream applied for a long time punctures a rock.

13-4-3-6. Left and right rotation of the head and compensation of the mandible

Hereinafter, only the case where the head is turned right will be described. In the opposite case, the explanation is the opposite.

When the head is turned right, the mandible's right turn is less than that of the upper jaw. This can be evaluated as a form in which the mandible turned left with respect to the maxilla. If it lasts for a long time, the tooth row is displaced to the left, the left maxillary tooth protrudes from the horizontal plane, and the right maxillary tooth is depressed.

The head is buckling when turning right, and bending right when turning left.

13-4-4. Tongue displacement and mandible

Under normal conditions, the tongue is located at the bottom of the mouth and does not close to the teeth (the length of the tongue varies depending on the person, so there may be variations). When the tongue pushes the teeth, the pressure of the tongue acts as a displacement pressure on the teeth and mandible. If it is repeated over a long period of time, the teeth and mandible are displaced and displaced, resulting in a change in contracture and facial shape. This may be evaluated as negative from an aesthetic point of view.

13-4-4-1. Compensation of the mandible when the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth

When the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth, it acts as a displacement pressure on the mandible. At this time, the displacement of the mandible differs from person to person. The mandible may or may not be displaced. When the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth and the mandible is displaced, the mandible is displaced in the opposite direction to the direction in which the pressure of the tongue acts by "newtons law of reaction". If the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth, if it is in a natural state, the upper and lower teeth are separated from the upper and lower teeth as the posterior displacement of the mandible is not accompanied by an upward displacement. At this time, the elevating muscles of the mandible are tense and tend to occlude.

13-4-4-1-1. Compensation when the mandible is displaced backwards by pushing the upper jaw

When the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth, the mandible is naturally displaced backwards. By the "newtons law of reaction" the mandible is displaced in the opposite direction of the tongue pressure. If it is natural, the mandible is then lowered and displaced downward to open. For occlusion, the mandible must be raised. For occlusion, the elevating muscles of the mandible are hypertensive. At this time, there is a tendency to bite it. Therefore, the mandible is later, the downward displacement, the descending and the posterior displacement, and the elevated and biting state are repeated.

If repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are anteriorly displaced and lingually inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by anterior displacement and buccal inclination. The anterior displacement and buccal inclination of the mandibular teeth are caused by intraoral pressure or, in some cases, pressure on the tongue. The teeth tend to be rectangular in the horizontal plane. The front of the dentition tends to be wide. If excessive, there is a tendency for an open bite (open bite) or an amputation bite (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

The mandible naturally tries to return to its original position when the muscle tension is weakened after the process of rearranging the teeth due to the displacement of the mandible or after the alignment of the teeth. However, since the process of rearranging the dentition or because the dentition is in a rearranged state, the mandible is required to maintain the state at that time. At this time, the posterior proximal, posterior proximal, and elevating muscles of the mandible become hypertensive. Or they tend to bite it. When biting it, the frictional force increases. This helps to keep the mandible displaced. Therefore, after the mandibular displacement, downward displacement or posterior displacement, the process of rearranging the dentition by elevating, or the state in which the free way is observed after the dentition rearrangement, and the state of biting it are repeated.

As a result of the anterior displacement of the maxillary teeth, the septal cartilage tends to be anteriorly displaced and the tip of the nose tends to be high.

As a result, the posterior proximal and elevating muscles of the mandible are developed, so the face is wide and the cheeks tend to be stiff. The mandible displaces and descends posteriorly, so the face tends to be long. The maxillary teeth are displaced forward and the mouth protrudes. Since the mandibular angle is relatively wide, the contour of the face tends to feel like a rhombus on the half side. This is caused by the displacement of the mandible and the appearance of the cheekbones protruding as a result of the muscle adaptation.

13-4-4-1-2. Compensation when the mandible is not displaced while the tongue pushes the upper jaw

Since the mandible does not displace against the pressure of the tongue, the anterior proximal muscle of the mandible is hypertensive. They tend to bite them tightly. If you bite it tight, the frictional force increases. This helps the mandible to resist the pressure on the tongue and not displace backwards. However, since the tongue is strong, the mandible tends to be retrusioned.

If repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are anteriorly displaced and lingually inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed by anterior displacement and buccal inclination. The displacement of the mandibular tooth is caused by intraoral pressure or, in some cases, pressure on the tongue. The dentition tends to be rectangular in the horizontal plane. The front of the dentition is wide. If excessive, there is a tendency for pericardial bite (過被蓋咬合, deep over bite, closed bite).

The mandible naturally tries to return to its original position when the muscle tension is weakened after the process of rearranging the teeth due to the displacement of the mandible or after the alignment of the teeth. However, since the process of rearranging the dentition or because the dentition is in a rearranged state, the mandible is required to maintain its current state. At this time, the posterior proximal, posterior proximal, and elevating muscles of the mandible become hypertensive. Or they tend to bite it. When biting it, the frictional force increases. This helps to keep the mandible in a posterior state. When the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth, the anterior proximal, anterior, and elevating muscles of the mandible are hypertensioned, and when the tongue is not pushed, the posterior or posterior proximal and elevated muscles of the mandible are hypertensive.

As a result of the anterior displacement of the maxillary teeth, the septal cartilage tends to be anteriorly displaced and the tip of the nose tends to be high.

The resulting face tends to be short and wide square. The mandibular anterior, posterior, and elevating muscles are developed. There is tension in the mandibular posterior because it is required to be maintained at that time after the dentition rearrangement. The maxillary teeth are displaced forward, the cheeks are dented, and the mouth is protruding. There are many irregularities on the contour of the face on the half side. This is caused by the displacement of the mandible and the appearance of the cheekbones protruding as a result of the muscles adapting to it.

13-4-4-2. Compensation of the mandible when the tongue pushes the mandibular tooth

If the tongue pushes the mandible tooth, the mandible is lowered and opened if it is in a natural state. There is muscle tension in the mandibular elevating muscle for occlusion.

If repeated over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are displaced anteriorly, inferiorly, and lingually inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed with an anterior displacement and buccal inclination. The downward displacement of the maxillary teeth is mainly made in the free way or during the opening. In the horizontal plane, the dentition tends to be oval or oblong. If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

The nose tends to be long and high because the septal cartilage is displaced anterior and downward due to anterior and downward displacement of the maxillary teeth. The resulting face tends to be long and wide.

13-4-5. Changes in muscle tension and mandible

When there is muscle tension acting as displacement pressure in the mandible, it becomes a variable of the mandible.

13-4-5-1. Compensation of the mandible in case of hypertension of the entire mandible and descending muscles

Here, the displacement of the mandible is similar to the shape described in '13-4-2-3. Retraction of the head and compensation of the mandible'. It is often performed with the back of the head, but it is frequently observed even in the absence of the back, so it will be described separately. These include habits and aesthetic needs, but their political purpose is the main cause. It is mainly observed in the act of pointing the subject with the tip of the chin. The mandibular protrusion and descending, and the mandibular protrusion and descending muscle hypertension.

When the mandible descends, this results in a decrease in the internal pressure acting upward on the maxillary teeth.

If repeated over a long period of time, the maxillary teeth are displaced anteriorly, inferiorly, and lingually inclined in the sagittal plane, and the mandibular teeth are constructed with posterior displacement and lingual inclination. The downward displacement of the maxillary teeth is mainly made in the free way or during the opening. In the horizontal plane, the dentition tends to be apical. If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

As a result of the maxillary teeth displaced forward and downward, the septal cartilage displaced forward and downward, resulting in a long nose and a high nose tip.

As a result, the mandible descends and has a long face, and the mandible's anterior and descending muscles are developed. The face is long and wide and tends to be rather large.

In this case, downward rotation of the mandible tends to accompany the chin tip. This was explained in '13-4-5-2. Compensation of the mandible when the mandible rotates downward around the chin tip'. When downward rotation around the chin end is accompanied, the displacement of the mandible becomes a compromised result of the related variables being compromised.

13-4-5-2. Compensation of the mandible when the mandible rotates downward around the chin tip

When the mandible rotates downward around the tip of the chin, the protrusion and descent of the mandible tend to accompany it. It is assumed that these are accompanied below.

If this is repeated over a long period of time, in the sagittal plane, the maxillary teeth are anterior, inferior and lingually inclined, and the mandibular teeth are posteriorly and lingually inclined. The lingual slope of the maxillary teeth is large. This is caused by the fact that the mandibular tooth is pushed and the mandible rotates downward around the tip of the chin, and the bulbous ring muscle pulls the maxillary tooth, which is in contact with the nasal septal cartilage, to the rear.

The dentition tends to be rectangular in the horizontal plane. If excessive, there is a tendency for amputation (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

The nose is long because the septal cartilage is displaced downward by the anterior and downward displacement of the maxillary teeth. The maxillary teeth are anteriorly displaced, but there are many lingual slopes, so the nasal septal cartilage is displaced posteriorly, and the tip of the nose tends to be low.

As a result, the mandible tends to have a long and wide face as the mandible descends. The mandible rotates downward around the tip of the chin. Masseter muscle, temporal muscle, and internal pterygoid tend to be in the shape of a large vertically long rectangle due to development.

In this case, there is a tendency to accompany the retraction of the head. This was explained in '13-4-2-3. Retraction of the head and compensation of the mandible'. When the posterior flexion of the head is accompanied, the displacement of the mandible becomes a compromised result of the related variables being compromised.

13-4-5-3. Compensation of the mandible when facial muscle tension is weakened

The human body is governed by gravity. The human body needs adequate muscle tension to resist gravity. The relationship between the maxilla and the mandible in which the free way is observed is a state in which the muscles of the mandible are in proper muscle tension.

When the muscle tension of the face is weakened, the mandible naturally descends and displaces downward and opens. In addition, this is the result of a reduction in external pressure acting on the teeth. If this is repeated and sustained over a long period of time, the mandible is lowered and displaced downward to build up. In the sagittal plane, the maxillary teeth are displaced downward and lingually inclined, and the mandibular teeth are buccal inclined. The dentition tends to be oval-shaped in the horizontal plane. If excessive, there is a tendency for an open bite (open bite) or an amputation bite (edge to edge bite, end to end bite).

As a result of the downward displacement of the maxillary teeth, the nose tends to be long due to the downward displacement of the septal cartilage.

The resulting face tends to be long and narrow. It tends to be systemic in the coronal plane.

13-4-6. Deformation of the nose and mandible

When the nose is displaced by impact, the mandible tends to displace in the displaced direction. This is mainly due to balance and aesthetic needs. Hereinafter, only the case where the nose turns to the left will be described. In the opposite case, the explanation is opposite.

If the nose is bent to the left, the direction of the nose and the center of the lips do not match in a straight line (since the nose, throat, and mouth are organically combined, pull the skin in the direction in which the nose is changed, and the throat and the center of the lips, and the upper part of the lips are left. It tends to be displaced, but the amount of displacement is small, so ignore it). In this case, there is a tendency to turn the mouth left. This is mainly caused by the aesthetic desire to match the direction of the nose and the center of the lips in a straight line. The mandible is rotated left, the left mandible is displaced left, posterior, and upward, and the right mandible is displaced left, anterior, and downward (this is clearly observed when the condition is repetitively and sustained for a long time). If the nose is bent to the left, the head is often buckling (this is caused by the aesthetic desire to align the nose on a vertical line).

In addition, the displacement of the mandible may be caused by the sense of recognizing the state of the face. People can sensibly perceive the position of their eyes, nose, and mouth without looking in a mirror. The state of the facial features is controlled by the senses. In this case, the condition of the nose, perceived sensibly, may cause the mandible to turn left. This is also part of an effort to align the center of the nose, throat, and lips in a straight line. This is done relatively unconsciously.

14. Displacement of the supporting point and compensation of the lower extremities

14-1.Support point displacement and lower limb displacement

14-1-1. Forward displacement of the supporting point and variation of the lower extremities

When the support is displaced anteriorly, the longitudinal arch of the plantar is reduced. The toes are extended. If it is natural, the toes widen. However, this varies from person to person. In particular, women prefer to have small feet, so they tend to collect their toes. If so, the toe extension is reduced or flexed. When the supporting point is displaced anteriorly, the knee joint is extended.

14-1-2. Backward displacement of support and displacement of lower extremities

When the support point is displaced posteriorly, the plantar medial longitudinal arch increases. The toes are bent. The toes narrow. When the supporting point is displaced backward, the knee joint is bent.

14-1-3. Medial displacement of the supporting point and variation of the lower extremities

When the supporting point is medially displaced, the plantar medial longitudinal arch increases. The toes are bent. The toes narrow. The big toe bent inward. When the supporting point is displaced inward, the knee joint is bent. If built over a long period of time, it becomes valgus.

14-1-4. Outer displacement of support and variation of lower extremities

When the support point is displaced laterally, the longitudinal arch of the plantar is reduced. The toes are extended. If it is natural, the toes widen. The big toe bent outward. However, this varies from person to person. In particular, women prefer to have small feet, so they tend to collect their toes. If so, the toe extension is reduced or flexed. When the supporting point is displaced outside, the knee joint is extended. If it is built over a long period of time, it will be rebellious.

14-2. Foot type

14-2-1.flexible flatfoot

Relatively flexible flat feet are caused by the outer displacement of the support point. When the support point is displaced laterally, the longitudinal arch of the plantar is reduced.

14-2-2. Rigid flatfoot

Relatively stiff flat feet are caused by anterior displacement of the supporting point. When the support is displaced anteriorly, the longitudinal arch of the plantar is reduced.

15. Muscle balance and lesions

15-1. Chronic fatigue

The displacement of the support point can cause a variety of compensatory mechanisms, as well as lesions and deformities. The displacement of the support point requires an inefficient compensation mechanism for the skeleton and muscles. A person who can run 100m in 10 seconds with two feet cannot run 100m in 20 seconds with one foot. Optimal exercise is possible with an optimal compensation mechanism.

In a previous study, "PLMT is a lesion accompanied by abnormal fatigue and discomfort in the lower extremities. Especially, it is said that during sleep, it causes abnormal pain along with involuntary convulsions in the calf, and disturbing sleep." For lesions such as PLMT and chronic fatigue syndrome, all support points are displaced, but they are mainly observed in structures constructed with relatively pre- and lateral displacements of the support points. When the support point is biased, the posture and movement are biased to a specific muscle. Running 50m with one foot consumes more energy than running 100m with two feet. The exercise efficiency is low. Excessive tension and fatigue in the muscles involved.

Pain and fatigue associated with lesions such as PLMT and chronic fatigue syndrome are mainly recognized when there are relatively few external stimuli through sensory organs such as rest and sleep. Here, when the weight is unbalanced on both lower limbs, energy consumption and fatigue are further increased.

Most of the lesions such as pain, fatigue, and chronic fatigue of unknown muscles are caused by muscle imbalance due to deviation of the support point. In that case, exercise efficiency is low and energy consumption is high. Excessive support points tend to be relatively lean or not overweight.

15-2. Mandibular displacement and lesions

In '13-4. Compensation in the mandible', variables and compensation of the mandible were analyzed. In general, there is a tendency that two or more of the above variables are related to each other rather than one of them alone.

The displacement of the mandible causes lesions and deformities of the muscle and skeletal system.

For example, if the face is asymmetrical to the left and right, there is a tendency to go to the teeth when sleeping. If the face is left and right asymmetric, the tension state of the muscles is left and right asymmetric. One side of the muscle is hypertensive. As a result, there is a tendency to go to the teeth for the purpose of relieving hypertensioned muscle tension or balancing the tension of the left and right muscles during sleep (not to the extent that there is a sound, but the same movement is sometimes observed during non-sleeping). The lesions are caused by relatively lateral flexion and lateral weight shift. Therefore, orthodontics may be limitedly applied, but fundamental correction and treatment will be possible by correcting so that the weight can be properly supported in the foot.

16. Exercise evaluation

For exercise evaluation, in the case of a specific exercise, a specific form of compensation mechanism may be advantageous. However, in order to respond optimally to various movements, it is desirable to have the ideal human condition.

Hereinafter, the compensation mechanism has been established over a relatively long period of time, and optimized motion characteristics are reflected. The motor characteristics analyzed here are observed over a relatively long period of time.

16-1. Range of motion

This study simply defines the range of motion. Specifically, the range close to the human body is defined as'effective range of motion' and the far range is defined as'inefficient range of motion'. This is premised throughout this study. The specifics of this are described below. At this time, the human body is in a standing state. However, it can be understood in the same context in other positions. The above definitions provide convenience in evaluating long, varied exercise.

16-1-1. Definition of effective range of motion and ineffective range of motion

The range between the two shoulders in the coronal plane and the range that the hand touches by bending only the elbow joint in the anterior direction of the human body in the sagittal plane is defined as the'effective range of motion'. The range outside this is defined as the'inefficient range of motion'.

16-1-2. Limitation of exercise evaluation

In the exercise evaluation below, the human body is located in one place without relatively moving footsteps. The target object before reacting to the object for the purpose of motion is located in a relatively'inefficient range of motion'. This is convincing because the actual effective range of motion is narrower than that of the ineffective range of motion, and movement of the human body takes place in various directions.

In the exercise evaluation below, in the case of exercise within the effective motion range, it is assumed that optimal muscle motion and energy consumption are performed regardless of the position of an object or segment. In the case of exercise within the inefficient range of motion, it is assumed that muscle exercise and energy consumption increase as the distance from the effective range of motion increases.

The above definition provides convenience in evaluating various forms of exercise over a long period of time.

16-1-3. Rotation of the human body

The rotation of the human body can be largely divided into rotation of the hip joint, rotation of the thoracic & lumbar, flexion and extension of the upper limb, and rotation of the cervical spine. "The normal range of motion of the hip joint rotation is 0˚~45˚, respectively, the normal range of motion of the thoracic lumbar rotation is 0˚~40˚, respectively, and the normal range of motion of the upper limb flexion and extension is 0˚~20˚, respectively. Evaluation/Jaehak Lee, Yongwoon Ham, Sookyung Jang/Seorim, University of Book Publishing)"

In general, rotation of the human body involves rotation of the hip joint, the spine (vertebral column), and the flexion and extension of the upper limb at the same time. The degree of their participation in rotation varies from person to person.

Hereinafter, for the convenience of description, the rotation is described in a general language. What is defined here is the rotation of the pelvis, the rotation of the waist, and the rotation of the shoulder. The specifics of this are described below. The above definition is premised throughout this study.

The rotation of the human body increases the likelihood that the movement will take place near the effective range of motion.

16-1-3-1.Pelvic rotation definition

It is the rotation of the pelvis. When the weight is laterally biased while the foot is abducted, the pelvis is displaced and rotated in the direction in which the weight is biased. In most cases, when the weight is biased toward a specific foot, the center of gravity of the pelvis and the position of the support point are relatively consistent on a vertical line, and the coronal axis of the pelvis and the sagittal axis of the foot form a relatively orthogonal angle. . There is a tendency to co-ordinate with the rotation of the waist.

16-1-3-2.Waist rotation definition

It refers to the rotation of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae.

16-1-3-3. Shoulder rotation definition

It refers to the flexion, extension, and rotation of the upper thoracic spine. Here, the concept of the cervical spine was somewhat excluded.

16-2. Motion analysis

The more rotational structure of the human body, the more movement in the effective range of motion. Pushing tends to be a lot of exercise. There is a tendency for a lot of coordination of the upper limb to the movement of the arm, so the amount of movement of the arm decreases. Conversely, the less rotation of the human body, the more movement in the inefficient range of motion. There tends to be a lot of pulling exercises. There is a tendency that there is less coordination of the upper limb to the movement of the arm, so the amount of movement of the arm increases.

16-2-1. Range of motion and motion

In the case of exercise in the effective range of motion, it was defined as having optimal muscle tension and energy consumption. In the case of movement in the inefficient range of motion, the arm must be stretched toward the target, and the movement of the object located in the inefficient range of motion within the effective range of motion for precise manipulation is often defined as increasing the amount of movement. It is defined that the amount of exercise increases as the exercise takes place further away from the effective range of motion.

16-2-3. Resistance and rotation

When the center of gravity of the human body rises, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, and when the center of gravity decreases, the intra-abdominal pressure increases (based on 12. center of gravity of the human body). When the intra-abdominal pressure is increased, the resistance to rotation of the waist is relatively increased, and the amount of rotational movement of the waist is decreased. Conversely, when the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotational motion of the waist increases.

16-2-4. Incline and rotation

Prepare the structures (A), (B), and (C) that are bent at 90° and make (B) vertical, (A) inclined forward, and (C) inclined backward (FIG. 10). (A) is the chest, the anterior slope of the upper limbs, (B) is the normal, and (C) the chest, the posterior slope of the upper limbs will be compared. Incline the structures to the left and right and rotate them so that the radius of rotation does not exceed 180˚. (A), (B) rotated forward, and (C) rotated rearward. Compared to (B), (A) and (C) had a smaller radius of rotation, but had greater rotational force. (B) had a larger radius of rotation compared to (A) and (C), but had less rotational force.

The forward slope in (A) helped with the rotation. This can explain that the anterior tilt of the upper limb and chest is helpful in the rotation of the upper limb and chest due to the lateral bias of the body weight. The radius of rotation of the upper limbs and chest is narrow, and the rotational force is high.

(B) is normal.

(C) was rotated from the rear. This will be compared to the human body. There is something to be considered here. The spine is free in flexion compared to the extension. When the posteriorly inclined chest and upper limbs rotate, the shoulder in the direction of rotation from the line of gravity moves backwards. This acts as a pressure that causes the upper limb to tilt back. For balance, the hip joint and trunk flexors are hypertensive. Therefore, in the experiment, the result like (C) can be a factor that limits rotation. Therefore, the posterior inclination of the chest and upper limbs can be a factor that limits the rotation of the shoulder.

Rotation toward an object increases the likelihood that the object to be moved is located near the effective motion range.

16-2-5. Lateral weight and rotation of body weight

When the weight is laterally biased, the pelvis is displaced in the direction in which the weight is biased based on the weight of the foot. It is affected by the condition of the foot. When the foot is abducted, most of the weight is biased to a specific foot, the pelvis is displaced and rotated in the direction in which the weight is biased, so the center of the pelvis and the position of the support point are relatively consistent on a vertical line, and the coronal axis of the pelvis and the foot The sagittal axis forms a relatively orthogonal angle.

The lateral displacement of the pelvis due to the lateral bias of the body weight or the lateral displacement accompanying the lateral rotation increases the likelihood that the object to be exercised is located near the effective range of motion.

16-2-6. Slope and distance

The tilt of the pelvis is compensated in the upper limb. When the pelvis is inclined anteriorly, only the lumbar vertebrae increase and only the thoracic kyphosis decreases. The chest is inclined posteriorly. When the pelvis is inclined posteriorly, only the lumbar vertebrae decrease and the thoracic kyphosis increases. The chest is inclined anteriorly. Excluding the compensation of the upper limb and evaluating the buttocks, the structure with the pelvis inclined anteriorly receives a greater pressure that tilts forward compared to the structure with the posterior inclination. Therefore, in the case of a structure in which the pelvis is anteriorly inclined in daily life, the curvature of the spine tends to be less, and in the case of a posterior inclined structure, the curvature of the spine tends to be large.

The inclination of the upper limb or chest affects the distance between the object and the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane. Here, distance evaluation limits the object of objection before evaluation to the upper limb. Therefore, it is assumed here that the lower part of the upper limb, that is, the position of the navel before reacting to an object for exercise purposes, is the same. Accordingly, when motion is required for an object, the human body adjusts the distance between the human body and the object according to the purpose of the exercise. This includes moving your foot toward an object. At this time, the distance control tends to consider the distance between the upper limb (belly) and the object rather than the distance between the foot and the object. Therefore, limiting the distance between the object and the human body in the sagittal plane to the range of the upper limb can be an easy method in exercise evaluation. Assuming the above limitation, when an object is positioned in front, the anterior slope of the upper limb or chest closes the distance between the object and the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane. Conversely, the posterior slope of the upper limb or chest increases the distance between the object and the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane.

Therefore, if the upper limb or chest is inclined forward, the possibility that the object is located close to the effective motion range is high. Conversely, if the upper limb or chest is inclined posteriorly, the possibility of the object being located farther from the effective range of motion increases.

16-2-7. Upper extremity flexion, extension and distance

When the upper limb is extended, the possibility of the object being located farther away from the effective range of motion increases. Conversely, if the upper limb is bent, the likelihood of the object being positioned close to the effective exerciser increases. Therefore, when the upper limb is extended, the distance between the hand and the object is that much longer during exercise. As the distance between the hand and the object is so far, movement at the shoulder joint and elbow joint increases. Conversely, when the upper limb is bent, the distance between the hand and the object is that close when exercising. Therefore, the distance between the hand and the object is so close that the movement in the shoulder and elbow joints decreases.

16-2-8. Upper limb flexion, extension and torque

When the upper limb is extended, the torque decreases in the upper limb because the shoulder becomes closer to the human body's gravitational line. This affects not only posture but also movement. If the upper limb is extended or contracted, the posture and movement are performed with the torque reduced, so that the muscle tension in the upper limb is further reduced. On the contrary, when the upper limb is bent or contracted, the posture and movement are performed with the torque increased, so that the muscle tension in the upper limb is further increased.

16-2-9. Elevation of the upper extremity, descent and torque

When the upper extremity is raised, the torque increases in the upper extremity, and when it descends, the torque decreases in the upper extremity. This affects not only posture but also movement. When the upper limb is elevated or constructed, the posture and movement are performed with the torque increased, so that the muscle tension in the upper limb is increased by that amount. Conversely, when the upper limb is lowered or contracted, the posture and movement are performed in a state where the torque is reduced, so that the muscle tension in the upper limb is further reduced.

16-2-10. Lower extremity movement

When the support point is medially displaced, the medial muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive (eccentric contraction) and the lateral muscles are weakened. Conversely, when the support point is displaced laterally, the lateral muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive (extensive contraction, eccentric contraction), and the medial muscles are weakened. "According to the newtons law of reaction, action and reaction take place in opposite directions." Therefore, it is advantageous for the medial muscles of the right lower limb to move to the left and the medial muscles of the left lower limb to move to the right for eccentric contraction.

This will be the same for all sports, but especially in the case of a sport that requires a change of direction, it tends to be advantageous if the support point is constructed with internal displacement. However, the movement of the human body takes place in several directions. Therefore, if the support point is excessively displaced inward, it may have an adverse effect. For optimal exercise, it would be desirable to have the ideal human condition.

16-3. Exercise analysis

The following description is based on '16-2. Motion Analysis'.

16-3-1. Foot pronation and exercise

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, reducing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is tilted posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body rises. In this case, the abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb rises, the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

16-3-2. Foot abduction and exercise

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body descends. In this case, the abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb descends, torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

16-3-3. Hip joint rotation and movement

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object of exercise is located farther away from the effective range of motion.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, reducing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body rises. In this case, the abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb rises, the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

16-3-4. Hip joint external rotation and movement

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body descends. In this case, the abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb descends, torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

16-3-5. Support point displacement and movement

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body descends. In this case, the abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb descends, torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

16-3-6. Support point rear displacement and movement

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, reducing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body rises. In this case, the abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb rises, the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

16-3-7. Support point inner displacement and motion

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, reducing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body rises. In this case, the abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb rises, the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

During exercise and walking, the lateral displacement and rotation of the upper segment of the foot are small because the width of the lateral displacement of the support point and the reduction of the support angle is small. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

16-3-8. Outward displacement and movement of the supporting point

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing the flexion of the spine. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

In general, the center of gravity of the human body descends. In this case, the abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise. Also, as the upper limb descends, torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

The lateral displacement and rotation of the upper segment of the foot are large because the width of the lateral displacement of the support point and the reduction of the support angle is large during exercise and walking. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

16-3-9. Lateral bias and exercise of weight

When the weight is laterally biased and constructed, there is a tendency to repeat the left and right biased weights at regular intervals. Therefore, although there is a difference in degree, the support points tend to be constructed with the outward displacement of both feet. In that case, the motion characteristics are similar to the case where the support point is constructed by displaced outside. However, there are many exercises where the weight is skewed, and the foot that has been constructed is used as a stepping foot. Therefore, in this case, the motion characteristics are '16-3-8. The lateral displacement and movement of the supporting point' are cited, but the cited is mainly composed of the weight on the side of the skewed, constricted foot as a stepping foot.

17. Gait evaluation

Hereinafter, the compensation mechanism has been established over a relatively long period of time, and the optimized walking characteristics are reflected. The gait characteristics analyzed here are observed over a relatively long period of time.

17-1. Motion analysis

17-1-1.Pelvic tilt and stride

When one foot is stretched forward for walking, the pelvis is inclined forward and the lumbar vertebra increases, resulting in hypertension in the lumbar region.

If the pronation of the foot, internal rotation of the hip joint, medial displacement of the support point, and posterior displacement of the support point are compensated for, the anterior tilt of the pelvis and the lumbosacral angle increase. If the foot is stretched forward while walking, the anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar vertebrae further increase, leading to hypertension in the lumbar region. The increase in lumbar spine is the cause of low back pain. Therefore, in the above case, the stride width tends to be narrow.

Conversely, when the foot abduction, hip joint rotation, lateral displacement of the support point, and anterior displacement of the support point are compensated for, the pelvis tilts posteriorly and the lumbosacral angle decreases to relieve lumbar tension. Therefore, the increase in lumbar angle during walking is relatively easily accepted. Therefore, the stride tends to be large.

17-1-2. Gait starting from the upper limb

In the case of compensating for variables such as foot abduction, external rotation of the hip joint, anterior displacement of the support point, and lateral displacement of the support point, the hip joint is externally rotated and the tension of the external rotator cuff muscle is high. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended with external rotation. Therefore, when the above variable is compensated, the hip joint and knee joint tend to have less flexion by limiting the flexion of the hip joint when the external rotator of the hip joint faces forward while walking. When the above variable is compensated, the forward slope of the upper limb is large and the force to incline forward when walking is large. Therefore, there is a tendency to start walking in the upper limb. There is a tendency to gain momentum for walking by leaning forward. There is a tendency for propulsive gait. There is a tendency to drag your feet while walking. This is even more so when walking without strength. There is a tendency that there is little coordination of the arm shaking forward and backward when walking. This can be understood as limiting the movement of the arm toward the front for balance so that the weight of the arm does not shift forward because the body's forward slope is large when walking. Since the hip joint is flexed and extended in an externally rotated state, the lateral displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large when walking.

17-1-3. Gait starting in the lower extremities

In the case of compensation for variables such as foot pronation, internal rotation of the hip joint, posterior displacement of the support point, and medial displacement of the support point, there are many flexion of the hip and knee joints during walking. When the above variable is compensated, the rear slope of the upper limb is large, and the force to incline forward when walking is small. Therefore, there is a tendency to start walking in the lower extremities. It tends to extend the foot forward so that the weight of the foot helps the driving force of the walk. When walking, there is a tendency for a lot of coordination of the arm shaking forward and backward. This can be seen as making the weight of the arm swaying forward become the driving force for walking forward. Since the hip joint is flexed and extended in the internal rotation state, the lateral displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are small when walking.

17-2. Gait analysis

The following description is based on '17-1. Motion Analysis'.

17-2-1. Foot pronation and gait

Walking begins in the lower extremities. The pelvis is inclined forward and the stride is narrow. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended in an internally rotated state, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are small. The flexion of the hip and knee joints is large. If it is excessive, the hip joint rotates internally and walks away.

17-2-2. Foot abduction and gait

Walking begins in the upper limb. The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, so the stride is wide. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended while the hip is rotated externally, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large. The hip and knee joints are less curved. The hip joint is externally rotated and walks nasolabially. The external rotator cuff of the hip joint is over-tensioned, limiting the flexion of the hip joint toward the front when walking, so there is a tendency to drag the foot to the ground.

17-2-3. Hip joint rotation and gait

Walking begins in the lower extremities. The pelvis is inclined forward and the stride is narrow. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended in an internally rotated state, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are small. The flexion of the hip and knee joints is large. If excessive, the internal rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by pronation of the foot, and there is a tendency to walk inside.

17-2-4. External rotation of the hip joint and walking

Walking begins in the upper limb. The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, so the stride is wide. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended while the hip is rotated externally, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large. The hip and knee joints are less curved. If excessive, the external rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by an abduction of the foot and a nasolabial step is performed. The external rotator cuff of the hip joint is over-tensioned, limiting the flexion of the hip joint toward the front when walking, so there is a tendency to drag the foot to the ground.

17-2-5. Support point displacement and walking

Walking begins in the upper limb. The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, so the stride is wide. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended while the hip is rotated externally, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large. The hip and knee joints are less curved. If excessive, the external rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by an abduction of the foot and a nasolabial step is performed. The external rotator cuff of the hip joint is over-tensioned, limiting the flexion of the hip joint toward the front when walking, so there is a tendency to drag the foot to the ground.

17-2-6. Support point rear displacement and walking

Walking begins in the lower extremities. The pelvis is inclined forward and the stride is narrow. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended in an internally rotated state, so displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are small. The flexion of the hip and knee joints is large. If excessive, the internal rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by pronation of the foot, and there is a tendency to walk inside.

17-2-7. Inward displacement and walking of support

Walking begins in the lower extremities. The pelvis is inclined forward and the stride is narrow. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended in an internally rotated state, and the width of the reduction in the support angle is small, so the displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are small. The flexion of the hip and knee joints is large. If excessive, the internal rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by pronation of the foot, and there is a tendency to walk inside.

17-2-8. Outward displacement of support and walking

Walking begins in the upper limb. The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, so the stride is wide. When walking, the hip joint is flexed and extended while the hip joint is externally rotated, and the width of the reduction in the support angle is large, so the displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large. The hip and knee joints are less curved. If excessive, the external rotation of the hip joint is accompanied by an abduction of the foot and a nasolabial step is performed. The external rotator cuff of the hip joint is over-tensioned, limiting the flexion of the hip joint toward the front when walking, so there is a tendency to drag the foot to the ground.

17-2-9. Lateral weight and gait

When the weight is laterally biased, the constructed lower limb has a longer support and shorter body air than the other lower limb. Therefore, the stride length of the lower limb on the side which is constructed due to the weight bias is shorter than the lower limb on the other side.

The foot, which becomes a stepping foot during walking, has a greater extent of lateral displacement of the support point and a reduction in the support angle. The lower extremities constructed due to weight bias have a greater extent of lateral displacement of the support point and reduction in the support angle when walking than the other lower extremity. Therefore, the displacement, inclination, and rotation of the upper limb are large when the weight is skewed when walking.

When walking, walk with the pelvis laterally displaced and rotated to the side where the weight is biased.

* The gait characteristics are similar to '17-2-8. Outward displacement of support and gait'. Therefore, for the gait evaluation, refer to '17-2-8. Outward displacement and gait at the supporting point,’ but gait is mainly performed with the stepping feet on the foot with the weight biased. It is easily observed in cases with only the spine.

18. Compensation evaluation

18-1. Compensation evaluation in the lower extremities

The evaluation of beauty assumes that the human body to be evaluated before the evaluation has been constructed over a relatively long period of time. Below, the human body is optimally compensated and adapted to the variable. This variable is unreasonably not excessive and is generally easily observed.

What is evaluated as positive below is not an ideal human condition. The ideal human condition was explained in '6. Ideal posture'. Here, the displacement of the segment is based on '6. Ideal posture'. However, here, the state of the human body excludes the ideal state of the human body, and other representative forms that are frequently observed were evaluated as positive or negative, respectively. At this time, the evaluation was conducted only on aesthetic factors. Therefore, the pathological concept is not considered. Positive is beautiful, and negative is not. The evaluation of beauty followed the category of common sense. However, its evaluation may vary depending on the viewer. Therefore, the evaluation of beauty here is not an absolute evaluation.

18-1-1. Femoral displacement and compensation evaluation

18-1-1-1. Intra-femoral rotation and compensation evaluation

(Fig. 11) shows the inner rotation of the thigh in a horizontal plane (horizontal plane). (A) is a normal state, (B), (C) is a state in which the thigh is internally rotated. When the thigh is internally rotated and arranged as shown in (B) in the horizontal plane, the thigh looks thinnest in the coronal plane. However, when the inner rotation of the thigh increases and is arranged as shown in (C), it looks rather thick in the coronal plane. In the case of (C), it is hardly observed in practice. Therefore, in the following '18. Compensation Evaluation', if there is an inner femur rotation in the target human body, it is assumed that the inner femoral rotation does not exceed the level of (B).

The internally rotated thigh can be evaluated positively in both men and women. When the thigh is rotated inward, the pelvis looks relatively wide, so it can be evaluated as positive especially in women.

18-1-1-2. Femoral external rotation and compensation evaluation

(Fig. 12) shows the external rotation of the thigh in a horizontal plane (horizontal plane). (A) is normal, (B) the thigh is externally rotated. In the coronal plane, (B) looks thicker than (A).

The external rotation of the thigh can be evaluated as negative in both men and women. When the thigh is externally rotated, the pelvis looks relatively narrow, so it can be evaluated as negative, especially in women.

18-1-2. Foot displacement and compensation evaluation

Hereinafter, a portion that protrudes most from the lower limb on the coronal plane in both left and right directions is defined as a'maximum curvature point'.

18-1-2-1. Foot pronation and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated internally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is wide and the thighs appear thin.

The maximum bending point rises. In the coronal plane, the lower limbs look slim and long. Show mermaid.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is increased, and the internal rotator cuff muscles in the hip joint are hypertensive. The hips rise from the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks three-dimensional.

It can be evaluated as positive. In particular, it can be evaluated positively by women. However, excessive foot pronation can cause lesions and deformities, and rather damage aesthetic factors. Pronation of the foot is limited so that the toe is facing the front.

18-1-2-2. Foot abduction and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated externally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is narrow and the thighs appear thick.

The maximum curvature point falls. The lower limbs may appear dull and short in the coronal plane.

The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is reduced, and the external rotator cuff of the hip joint is hypertensive. The hips are struck in the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks smooth.

It can be evaluated as negative. It can be evaluated as negative, especially for women.

18-1-3. Hip displacement and compensation evaluation

18-1-3-1. Hip joint internal rotation and compensation evaluation

On the coronal plane, the pelvis is wide and the thighs appear thin.

The maximum bending point rises. In the coronal plane, the lower limbs look slim and long. Show mermaid.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is increased, and the internal rotator cuff muscles in the hip joint are hypertensive. The hips rise from the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks three-dimensional.

It can be evaluated as positive. In particular, it can be evaluated positively by women.

18-1-3-2. Hip joint external rotation and compensation evaluation

On the coronal plane, the pelvis is narrow and the thighs appear thick.

The maximum curvature point falls. The lower extremities appear dull and short in the coronal plane.

The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is reduced, and the external rotator cuff of the hip joint is hypertensive. The hips are struck in the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks smooth.

It can be evaluated as negative. It can be evaluated as negative, especially for women.

18-1-4. Evaluation of displacement and compensation of support points

18-1-4-1. Support point displacement and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated externally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is narrow and the thighs appear thick.

The maximum curvature point falls. The lower extremities appear dull and short in the coronal plane.

The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is reduced, and the external rotator cuff of the hip joint is hypertensive. The hips are struck in the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks smooth.

It can be evaluated as negative. It can be evaluated as negative, especially for women.

18-1-4-2. Support point rear displacement and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated internally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is wide and the thighs appear thin.

The maximum bending point rises. In the coronal plane, the lower limbs look slim and long. Show mermaid.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is increased, and the internal rotator cuff muscles in the hip joint are hypertensive. The hips rise from the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks three-dimensional.

It can be evaluated as positive. In particular, it can be evaluated positively by women.

18-1-4-3. Support point inner displacement and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated internally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is wide and the thighs appear thin.

The maximum bending point rises. The medial muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive, and the lateral muscles are weakened. In the coronal plane, the lower limbs may appear slender and longer. The mermaid line is visible.

The pelvis is inclined anteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is increased, and the internal rotator cuff muscles in the hip joint are hypertensive. The hips rise from the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks three-dimensional.

It can be evaluated as positive. In particular, it can be evaluated positively by women.

18-1-4-4. Outer displacement of support and compensation evaluation

The hip joint is rotated externally. On the coronal plane, the pelvis is narrow and the thighs appear thick.

The maximum curvature point falls. The lateral muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive, and the medial muscles are weakened. The lower extremities appear dull and short in the coronal plane.

The pelvis is inclined posteriorly, the lumbosacral angle is reduced, and the external rotator cuff of the hip joint is hypertensive. The hips are struck in the sagittal plane, and the S curve of the waist looks smooth.

It can be evaluated as negative. It can be evaluated as negative, especially for women.

18-2. Compensation evaluation on the upper limb

18-2-1. Upper limb exercise and compensation evaluation

The more exercise in the effective range of motion, the lower the amount of exercise in the arm. Therefore, the muscles of the upper limb and chest degenerate. In women, the breasts become smaller when the chest muscles degenerate.

The more exercise in the ineffective range of motion, the greater the amount of exercise in the arm. Therefore, the muscles of the upper limb and chest develop. In women, when the muscles of the chest develop, the breasts increase. Regarding the range of motion, see '16. It was described above in'exercise evaluation'.

18-2-2. Upper limb displacement and compensation evaluation

The elevated and flexed upper limbs can be evaluated positively by both males and females because males have wide shoulders and females have slender shoulders.

Women tend to prefer narrow shoulders. If the upper limb is lowered and extended for narrow shoulders, the muscles of the upper limb are gathered toward the human body's gravitational line, so the upper limb may look thick and dull. In particular, the triceps may look thick.

18-3. Evaluation of compensation on the face

When the muscles around the mandibular angle are developed and bulky, these muscles pull the ball and the ball becomes stiff. On the half side, the outline of the face is uneven and the cheekbones are protruding. This can be easily observed when the skin around the mandible is pulled in both left and right directions and viewed from the half side.

This is the case when there is relatively pressure of the tongue that pushes the upper teeth and the resistance of the mandible to resist displacement. The greater the pressure of the tongue and the resistance of the mandible, the rougher the contour of the face becomes.

Related to this was explained in '13-4. Compensation in the mandible'. It is easily observed in the states described in '13-4-3-4. Compensation of the head and mandible' and '13-4-4-1. Compensation of the mandible when the tongue pushes the maxillary teeth'. The above problem can be corrected by correcting the habit of relatively pushing the teeth of the tongue or by correcting the position of the head and mandible.

19. Body shape evaluation

Body type evaluation in this study may differ slightly from previous studies in the composition of the sample group before evaluation. Therefore, there may be some errors from other studies in the characteristics of segment displacement, compensation mechanism, motion, and gait that caused this. Therefore, the evaluation of the body shape defined in this study may be somewhat variable.

In general, the human body tends to have a complex relationship of two or more variables analyzed in this study. When two or more variables are complexly related to compensation, the process of'force synthesis and decomposition' can be explained through the laws of physics. Before the variable was applied in this study, the human body is assumed to be in an ideal state (defined in '6. Ideal posture').

Human posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. If the posture formed by the relationship between the ground and the support structure is constructed by repeating and continuing over a long period of time, it can be defined as a body shape.

In this study, the classification of body type was based on the condition of the foot. The ideal state of the human body was fully explained in '6. Ideal posture'. Therefore, the ideal foot condition was excluded here. Hereinafter, the representative compensation mechanisms caused by the foot condition are largely classified into four categories. This is similar to the classification of "Taeyangin, Taeeumin, Soyangin, Soeuminin" defined in "Thoughts of Thought". Classification of body type followed the classification of possible "ideology". This is to help understanding.

As for the classification of body type, the state in which the foot was adducted was first defined as'one body type', and the state in which the foot was abducted was defined as '2 body type'. This was again transformed into a displaced support point, and was defined as'three-body type' and'four-body type', respectively. The one-body shape defined in this study is similar to the “Taeyangin” defined in “Thoughts of Thought”. In addition, the 2 body type is similar to "Taeumin", the 3 body type is "Soyangin", and the 4 body type is similar to "Soeumin".

The representative body types as described above were further subdivided in the '19-3.2th body type'.

The classification of body type can be continuously classified through the combination of variables analyzed in this study. At this time, the degree of each relationship of the related variables may also be added or subtracted respectively to be combined.

Hereinafter, it is assumed that the body shape has been built over a relatively long period of time. Therefore, the human body is optimized to be the most efficient in terms of muscle, skeletal system, movement, and walking characteristics. Exercise evaluation used the concepts of the effective range of motion and the ineffective range of motion defined in '16.

Each body type was categorized into'posture compensation','muscle compensation','exercise evaluation', and'exercise evaluation by task'.

In the'muscle compensation' of each body type, the movement of the muscles was only related to the formation and maintenance of posture. Therefore, the state of the muscles that reflects the movement characteristics of the corresponding body type was not considered in the state of the muscles described in the'muscle compensation' of each body type.

In the'exercise evaluation' of each body type, the exercise was performed in a standing state and is based on '16.exercise evaluation'. This can be understood in the same context in other postures.

In the'exercise evaluation by task' of each body type, Tasks 1 to 4 commonly perform tasks 1 to 4 presented in Task 19-1. Explain that the object in the task is located on the right. In the opposite case, the explanation is the opposite.

19-1.Task

The patterns of exercise described in'Exercise Evaluation by Task' are those commonly observed in the body type. However, this can vary from person to person and is somewhat variable.

Task 1

The object (a), which is free to move with only the force of the arm, has a load of a degree that requires a little muscle strength, is located near the front right side of the human body. When you need to work on the object (a)

Task 2

An object (b) with a load of a degree that is not free to move with only the force of the arm is located near the right front side of the human body. When you need to work on the object (b)

Task 3

An object (c) with a load that is somewhat difficult to move with only the force of the arm is located near the right side of the human body. When it is necessary to move the object (c) closer to the front of the human body

Task 4

An object (d) with a load of a degree that is relatively difficult to move with only the force of the arm is located at the far right of the human body. When it is necessary to move the object (d) closer to the front of the human body

19-2. Representative body type

19-2-1.1 Body type

One body type is a compensating mechanism that is optimized for one variable of foot pronation. Pronation of the foot is limited to the extent that the toe is directed forward. There is no support point displacement. It is similar to "Taeyangin" in "Theology of Thought."

19-2-1-1. Posture evaluation

When the foot is adducted, the center of gravity of the body generally rises. The following one body type is assumed to have an elevated center of gravity for the human body.

One body type has a bent knee joint, a bent hip joint, and internally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced backward and inclined anteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae are increased, and only the thoracic kyphosis is decreased. The upper limb is erect and curved. The head is full-bodied and retracted.

19-2-1-2. Muscle compensation

The knee extensor, hip flexors, hip internal rotator cuff muscles, trunk flexors, and upper limb flexors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body rises, resulting in hypertension of the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator. The muscles of the lower limbs are tense in a balanced way.

19-2-1-3. Exercise analysis

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is tilted posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined forward, reducing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent so that the shoulder is far from the human body's gravitational line and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

The upper limb is raised and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

19-2-1-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-2-1-4-1.Task 1

In this case, there are two frequently observed movement patterns.

first. You work by extending your arm toward the object (a).

second. Work by pulling the object (a) to the'effective range of motion'.

19-2-1-4-2. Task 2

I work by extending my arm toward the object (b).

19-2-1-4-3. Task 3

Extend your arm to support object (c). Pull the object (c) to the desired position.

19-2-1-4-4.Task 4

Turn right around the heel of the right foot and the forefoot of the left foot, and extend the arm to support the object (d). It is similar to'planting training' and'rightward right'. Rotate the heel of the left foot and the forefoot of the right foot to the left and pull the object (d) to the desired position.

19-2-2.2 Body type

The two-body type is a compensation mechanism that is optimized and constructed for one variable of foot abduction. There is no support point displacement. It is similar to "Taeumin" in "Thoughts of Thought".

19-2-2-1. Posture evaluation

When the foot is abducted, the center of gravity of the human body descends.

In the two-body type, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is extended, and externally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced forward and inclined backward. Only the lumbar vertebrae are decreased, and only the thoracic kyphosis is increased. The upper limb is lowered and extended. The head is posterior, and the head is forward.

19-2-2-2. Root compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered, resulting in weakening of the levator muscles of the upper limbs and hypertension of the abdominal respiratory muscles. The muscles of the lower limbs are tense in a balanced way.

19-2-2-3. Exercise analysis

*The hip joint is rotated externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended so that the shoulder is close to the human body's gravitational line, and the torque in the upper limb is reduced. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

As the upper limb descends, the torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

19-2-2-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-2-2-4-1.Task 1

In this case, there are two frequently observed movement patterns.

first. You work by extending your arm toward the object (a).

second. Work by pulling the object (a) to the'effective range of motion'.

19-2-2-4-2. Task 2

I work by extending my arm toward the object (b).

19-2-2-4-3. Task 3

Extend your arm to support object (c). Pull the object (c) to the desired position.

19-2-2-4-4.Task 4

Turn right around the heel of the right foot and the forefoot of the left foot, and extend the arm to support the object (d). It is similar to the'rightward right' in'plantation training'. Rotate the heel of the left foot and the forefoot of the right foot to the left and pull the object (d) to the desired position.

19-2-3.3 Body type

The three-body type is a compensating mechanism that is optimized for two variables: foot pronation and lateral displacement of the support point. Pronation of the foot is limited to the extent that the toe is directed forward. It is similar to "Soyangin" in "Thoughts of Thought".

19-2-3-1. Posture evaluation

When the foot is adducted, the hip joint is rotated internally. When the support point is displaced outward, the hip joint rotates externally. These variables demand compensation of opposite personalities. When two or more conflicting variables act at the same time, the compensated state is the result of a compromise due to the appropriate compromise of the compensation they demand. In this case, the pronation of the foot is limited to the extent that the toe is facing the front, so the internal rotation of the hip joint is small. Results The hip joint tends to be externally rotated. The following three body types are assumed to have an external rotation of the hip joint.

When the hip joint is rotated externally, the lumbosacral angle decreases. This can be a factor of the lowering of the center of gravity of the human body. In the following three-body type, the center of gravity of the human body is lowered.

In the 3 body type, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is extended, and externally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced forward and inclined backward. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, the thoracic kyphosis increases, and the upper limb is extended. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered and the upper limb is lowered. The head is posterior, and the head is forward.

The muscles of the lower limbs are imbalanced and the pelvis still tends to be weak to the pressure of displacement. The 3-1 body type and the 3-2 body type are the forms that complement the problem of this 3 body type.

19-2-3-2. Muscle compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered, resulting in weakening of the levator muscles of the upper limbs and hypertension of the abdominal respiratory muscles. The lateral muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive, and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-2-3-4. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended so that the shoulder is close to the human body's gravitational line, and the torque in the upper limb is reduced. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

The upper limb is lowered and the torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

19-2-3-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-2-3-4-1. Task 1

Weight is biased on the right foot to displace the upper limb to the right. The object (a) is positioned as close to the human body as possible by the displacement of the upper limb. Work.

19-2-3-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-2-3-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Make the object (c) as close to the human body as possible. Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-2-3-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

19-2-4.4 Body type

The four-body shape is a compensating mechanism optimized for two variables: foot abduction and lateral displacement of the support point. It is similar to the "noiseman" of "ideology."

19-2-4-1. Posture evaluation

When the foot is abducted, the hip joint is externally rotated. When the support point is displaced outward, the hip joint rotates externally. In this case, the characteristics of the compensation required by the abduction of the foot and the lateral displacement of the support point are similar. As a result, the external rotation of the hip joint is large.

The center of gravity of the human body descends. The human body receives strong pressure on the lumbar spine when standing. In order to maintain the proper lumbar angle, there must be adequate muscle tension. However, when the lumbar spine is reduced due to abduction of the foot, lateral displacement of the support point, and external rotation of the hip joint, the burden on the lumbar spine in posture maintenance decreases. Therefore, muscle tension in the lumbar spine is alleviated. This can cause the center of gravity of the human body to fall.

In addition, calm personality, psychological stability, etc. can be a factor in the descent of the center of gravity of the human body. When the center of gravity of the human body descends, the load on the upper limb is relatively concentrated in the lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is overstressed and needs compensation. In this case, the reduction of the lumbar vertebra due to the foot abduction, the lateral displacement of the support point, and the external rotation of the hip joint can help relieve hypertension of the lumbar spine.

If the foot abduction, the lateral displacement of the support point, and the external rotation of the hip joint are applied and constructed at the same time, it is generally seen that many people have a calm personality. It can be evaluated that the supporting point is displaced outward. The following four body types are assumed to have a lower center of gravity.

Muscle imbalance causes compensation. In this case, the support point is displaced outward and the muscles of the lower limbs are unbalanced. Since the muscles of the lower extremities do not support the pelvis stably, the pelvis tends to be easily displaced by the pressure of the surrounding muscle tension change or displacement. Increasing the intra-abdominal pressure can help the pelvis resist the pressure of the surrounding muscle tone changes or displacement. In this case, the intra-abdominal pressure tends to increase significantly. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the intra-abdominal pressure increased significantly.

In 4 body type, the knee joint is extended, the hip joint is extended, and externally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced anteriorly and inclined posteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, the thoracic kyphosis increases, and the upper limb is extended. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered and the upper limb is lowered. The head is posterior, and the head is forward.

In this case, the intra-abdominal pressure is increased to compensate for the problem of the pelvis, which is weak against the pressure of the displacement, but the muscles of the lower extremity are unbalanced, and the pelvis still tends to be weak against the pressure of the displacement. The 4-1 body type and the 4-2 body type are the complements of this 4 body type.

19-2-4-2. Root compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered, resulting in weakening of the upper limb elevating muscles and hypertension of the abdominal respiratory muscles. The lateral muscles of the lower limbs are hypertensive and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-2-4-3. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended so that the shoulder is close to the human body's gravitational line, and the torque in the upper limb is reduced. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

As the upper limb descends, the torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

19-2-4-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-2-4-4-1. Task 1

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (a) is located close to the human body. Work.

19-2-4-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-2-4-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Make the object (c) as close to the human body as possible. Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-2-4-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

19-3.2th body type

'Secondary body type' is based on 3 body type and 4 body type. Both the three-body and four-body types described above had an imbalance in the muscles of the lower extremities. If the muscles of the lower extremities cannot support the pelvis in a balanced manner, the pelvis tends to be displaced easily without adequate resistance when there is a change in tension or pressure of displacement around the pelvis. In the three-body type and the four-body type, the pelvis tends to be weak against the pressure of displacement. Therefore, the three-body and four-body structures tend to be accompanied by an effort to compensate for the problem of the pelvis, which is weak against the pressure of displacement through an increase in the tension of the internal and external rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint.

19-3-1.3-1 body type

The 3-1 body type is a compensatory mechanism optimized for three variables: foot pronation, lateral displacement of the support point, and internal rotation of the hip joint. At this time, the pronation of the foot is limited to the extent that the toe is directed forward. It is similar to "Soyangin" in "Thoughts of Thought".

19-3-1-1. Posture evaluation

The 3-1 body shape complements the problem of the three body shape, where the pelvis is weak against the pressure of displacement, and is a shape in which the intra-hip joint rotation is added to the three body shape. Therefore, the 3-1 body type is based on the 3 body type.

In the 3-body type, as a result of the compromise between the contradicting variables of the pronation of the foot and the lateral displacement of the support point, the hip joint was externally rotated and the pelvis tended to be weak to the pressure of the displacement. The 3-1 body type increases the tension of the inner rotator cuff muscle in the hip joint to compensate for this 3 body type problem. The 3-1 body shape compensated by adding a variable of hip joint internal rotation is as follows.

In the 3-1 body type, the hip joint is curved and internally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced backward and inclined forward. The lumbar lordosis increases, the thoracic kyphosis decreases, and the upper limb is curved. The center of gravity of the human body has risen and the upper limb is elevated. The head is full and retracted.

19-3-1-2. Muscle compensation

The hip internal rotator cuff, hip flexor, trunk flexor, and upper limb flexor are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body rises, resulting in hypertension of the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator. The lateral muscles of the lower limbs are hypertensive and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-3-1-3. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined forward, reducing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is tilted posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent so that the shoulder is far from the human body's gravitational line and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

The upper limb is raised and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

19-3-1-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-3-1-4-1. Task 1

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (a) is located close to the human body. Work.

19-3-1-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-3-1-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Make the object (c) as close to the human body as possible. Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-1-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-2.3-2 body type

The 3-2 body type is a compensating mechanism optimized for three variables: foot pronation, lateral displacement of the support point, and external rotation of the hip joint. At this time, the pronation of the foot is limited to the extent that the toe is directed forward. It is similar to the "noiseman" of "ideology."

19-3-2-1. Posture evaluation

The 3-2 body shape compensates for the problem of the 3 body shape, where the pelvis is weak against the pressure of displacement, and the external rotation of the hip joint is added to the 3 body shape. Therefore, the 3-2 body type is based on the 3 body type.

The three-body type tended to be weak in the pressure of the displacement of the pelvis as a result of compromise and compromise between pronation of the foot and lateral displacement of the support point. The 3-2 body type increases the tension of the external rotator cuff in the hip joint to compensate for the problem of the 3 body type. The center of gravity of the human body tends to descend. The 3-2 body shape compensated by the addition of the external rotation of the hip joint is as follows.

In the 3-2 body type, the hip joint is extended and externally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced anteriorly and inclined posteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, the thoracic kyphosis increases, and the upper limb is extended. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered and the upper limb is lowered. The head is later, it is transferred.

19-3-2-2. Root compensation

The muscles that push and pull the knee joint posteriorly, the hip extensors, the external rotator of the hip joint, the trunk extensors, and the upper limb extensors are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered, resulting in weakening of the levator muscles of the upper limbs and hypertension of the abdominal respiratory muscles. The lateral muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive, and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-3-2-3. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended so that the shoulder is close to the human body's gravitational line, and the torque in the upper limb is reduced. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

As the upper limb descends, the torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

19-3-2-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-3-2-4-1. Task 1

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (a) is located close to the human body. Work.

19-3-2-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-3-2-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-2-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-3.4-1 body type

The 4-1 body type is a compensating mechanism optimized for three variables: foot abduction, lateral displacement of the support point, and internal rotation of the hip joint. It is similar to "Soyangin" in "Thoughts of Thought".

19-3-3-1.Posture evaluation

The 4-1 body shape complements the problem of the 4 body shape, where the pelvis is weak against the pressure of displacement, and is a shape in which the intra-hip joint rotation is added to the 4 body shape. Therefore, the 4-1 body type is based on the 4 body type.

For the 4 body type, as a result of compensating for variables with similar characteristics of foot abduction and lateral displacement of the support point, the hip joint was rotated externally and the center of gravity of the human body was lowered. Abdominal pressure increased significantly. This was caused by muscle imbalance in the lower extremities. However, the pelvis still tended to be weak to the pressure of the displacement. The 4-1 body type increases the tension of the internal rotator cuff muscles in the hip joint to compensate for this 4 body type problem. The center of gravity of the human body tends to rise. It shall be such as below. The 4-1 body shape compensated by the addition of a hip joint internal rotation variable is as follows.

In the 4-1 body type, the hip joint is flexed and internally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced backward and inclined forward. Only the lumbar vertebrae increase, the thoracic kyphosis decreases, and the upper limb is bent. The center of gravity of the human body has risen and the upper limb is elevated. The head is full-bodied and retracted.

19-3-3-2. Muscle compensation

The hip internal rotator cuff, hip flexor, trunk flexor, and upper limb flexor are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body rises, resulting in hypertension of the upper limb levator and thoracic respirator. The lateral muscles of the lower extremities are hypertensive, and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-3-3-3. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint is rotated internally, reducing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is inclined forward, reducing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall shrinks, the intra-abdominal pressure decreases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist decreases, and the rotation of the waist increases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is tilted posteriorly, reducing shoulder rotation. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is bent so that the shoulder is far from the human body's gravitational line and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

The upper limb rises and the torque increases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb increases accordingly.

19-3-3-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-3-3-4-1.Task 1

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (a) is located close to the human body. Work.

19-3-3-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-3-3-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-3-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-4.4-2 body type

The 4-2 body type is a compensatory mechanism optimized for three variables: foot abduction, support point lateral displacement, and hip joint external rotation. It is similar to the "noiseman" of "ideology."

19-3-4-1. Posture evaluation

The 4-2 body shape complements the problem of the 4 body shape, where the pelvis is weak against the pressure of displacement, and is a shape in which a variable of hip joint external rotation is added to the 4 body shape. Therefore, the 4-2 body type is based on the 4 body type.

For the 4 body type, as a result of compensating for the variables of similar personality between the foot abduction and the lateral displacement of the support point, the hip joint was externally rotated and the center of gravity of the body was lowered. Abdominal pressure increased significantly. This was caused by muscle imbalance in the lower extremities. However, the pelvis still tended to be weak to the pressure of the displacement. The 4-2 body type increases the tension in the external rotator cuff muscles of the hip joint to compensate for this 4 body type problem. The 4-2 body shape compensated by adding a variable of hip joint external rotation is as follows.

In 4-2 body type, the hip joint is extended and externally rotated, and the pelvis is displaced anteriorly and inclined posteriorly. Only the lumbar vertebrae decrease, the thoracic kyphosis increases, and the upper limb is extended. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered and the upper limb is lowered. The head is later, it is transferred.

19-3-4-2. Root compensation

The external rotator cuff of the hip joint, the extensor of the hip joint, the extensor of the trunk, and the extensor of the upper limb are hypertensive. The center of gravity of the human body is lowered, resulting in weakening of the upper limb elevating muscles and hypertension of the abdominal respiratory muscles. The lateral muscles of the lower limbs are hypertensive and the medial muscles are weakened.

19-3-4-3. Exercise analysis

The outer displacement of the support point is large during exercise. Therefore, there are many left and right displacements of the upper segment of the foot due to the left and right bias of the body weight. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The hip joint rotates externally, increasing the rotation of the pelvis. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The pelvis is tilted posteriorly, increasing spinal flexion. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The abdominal wall is enlarged, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the resistance to the rotation of the waist increases, and the rotation of the waist decreases. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the object is located farther away from the effective range of motion during exercise.

The chest is inclined anteriorly, increasing the rotation of the shoulder. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the target is located close to the effective range of motion during exercise.

The upper limb is extended so that the shoulder is close to the human body's gravitational line, and the torque in the upper limb is reduced. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

As the upper limb descends, the torque decreases in the upper limb. Therefore, the amount of exercise in the upper limb decreases that much.

19-3-4-4. Exercise evaluation by task

19-3-4-4-1.Task 1

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (a) is located close to the human body. Work.

19-3-4-4-2. Task 2

Weight is biased to the right foot, upper limb is displaced to the right. Make sure that the object (b) is located as close to the human body as possible. Work.

19-3-4-4-3. Task 3

The weight is biased to the right foot, the upper limb is displaced to the right, and the arm is extended to support the object (c). Make the object (c) as close to the human body as possible. Weight is biased to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (c) to the desired position. Work.

19-3-4-4-4.Task 4

Move the right foot to the right so that the object d is located near the center of the human body. Support the object (d) and balance the weight to the left. The human body loses its center and tilts to the left. Using the tilting force, push the object (d) to the desired position. Work.

20. Calibration

The posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. In this study, the supporting structure was tentatively defined as a concept that refers to the foot. The human body is finally supported by the foot. The state of the foot supporting the ground is largely related to the human posture.

The human body is affected by gravity. In order to stand up effectively, the foot must firmly support the ground, properly position the segment, and distribute the segment's weight in a balanced manner. When the weight is biased to a specific position, the balance is broken. The segment must be repositioned for balance. This is an important cause of reward. When a posture compensated for weight bias is performed over a long period of time, the human body is optimized for that posture. This includes variations in the foot. The mutated foot requires that the upper segment of the foot maintain the posture that caused the variation. This is an important cause of the formation of various body shapes. If there is a problem with the compensation mechanism caused by weight bias, this can be solved by learning and inducing the weight to be supported correctly.

In this study, the variables of segments were analyzed in various ways. The segmental variables analyzed here will be used as a useful tool in analyzing and evaluating various human bodies.

When there is a problem in the analyzed human body, the variables and compensation analyzed in this study can be actively used for problem solving. Problem solving will be possible by learning the state of the foot that can solve the problem and understanding the correlation between them and posture. At this time, the state of the foot that can solve the problem includes both the state of the foot described in '6. Ideal Posture' or the state of the foot selected by necessity. The concept of support should be considered important here.

The variables analyzed in this study can be actively used in solving the problem of actively accepting the needs of the organism or improving it to a desired state when there is a specific human condition requested by the organism.

In this study, the exact definition of the ideal posture was defined as having to be defined separately for each organism in consideration of the characteristics of individual organisms and environmental factors. Therefore, even if the human body is objectively evaluated as ideal, it may be subject to correction if it is not determined to be ideal for the organism. In addition, even if the human body is objectively evaluated as negative, if it is judged as ideal for the organism, it may not be subject to correction.

21. Treatment

There are various types of human body conditions. Various methods can be used for their classification. In this study, its classification followed the classification of form. In contrast, "ideology" classifies the human body according to "constitution."

However, it is generally observed that the body shape reflects the constitution and the constitution reflects the body shape and tends to share the characteristics on the same or similar association. Therefore, it will be strictly classified, but relatively body shape and constitution can be understood as similar concepts. In this study, this was defined as relatively similar.

Human posture is naturally formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure. When the posture formed by the relationship between the ground and the supporting structure is constructed by repeating and continuing over a long period of time, it is defined as a body shape. Construction involves optimizing the muscle and skeletal system, which includes not only muscle strengthening, but also the concepts of weakness and balance.

This study analyzed various variables of body shape. The analyzed variable can be effectively used to correct the body shape. In the above, body shape and constitution were defined as similar concepts. Therefore, in this study, it is considered that the constitution can be corrected through the correction of the body shape.

The muscle tone related to posture maintenance shows different characteristics for each type. In the process of forming the body shape or as a result of it, the state of tension of the muscles that compress the organ can be evaluated as negative in the organ, and the state that is not as positive can be evaluated. Posture and body shape are variously related to the human body.

For more accurate diagnosis, a thorough analysis of the state of the musculoskeletal system of the organism should be preceded. At this time, a sample group for a large number of people is formed, and the calculation of related statistics can be helpful for diagnosis, correction, and treatment.

In surgery, if wounds, bruises, blisters, etc. occur due to excessive impact, pressure, or friction, it is understood that it is natural in the common sense of surgery. This should be understood in the same context in internal medicine. Therefore, in internal medicine, if there is an organ that is compressed due to the corresponding posture and body shape, it may be the cause of the functional deterioration or lesion or deformity of the organ. In the opposite case, the organ can be judged positively in function.

Therefore, if there is an internal medical lesion due to the muscle tension that compresses the organ, it can be evaluated that it can be treated by correcting the posture and body shape before medical treatment. At this time, this study can be actively used as a theoretical basis.

This study can be actively used not only for correction of posture and body shape, but also for correction and treatment of constitution, lesion, and deformity. In addition, it can be actively used in beauty and athletic performance improvement. It can also be actively used to improve learning ability. This is persuasive as the posture is correct for those who are good at studying. Proper posture will be related to endurance and concentration in learning. In the above, if sufficient education about compensation and psychological treatment are accompanied, a more positive effect can be expected on the outcome.

Figure 4: In this study, '6-3-1. This is an example of an ideal spinal curvature formed as a result of faithfully performing the'ideal posture condition'.

Claims (1)

Body correction and improvement method to correct and improve deformities and lesions of the human body by learning the position where the weight should be supported on the bottom of the foot.

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