KR20200126398A - Sliver containing cellulose acetate for spun yarn - Google Patents

Abstract

A sliver containing cellulose acetate staple fibers that exhibits good fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy and can be successfully drawn and made into spun yarn is obtained. Such sliver can be made from cellulose acetate staple fibers with circular, denier of 3.0 denier, 5 to 30 CPI (crimp frequency per inch), good fiber-to-fiber friction coefficient and low static charge. Fabrics made from spun yarns have plant-based renewable resources by containing cellulose acetate staple fibers and can exhibit thermoplastic behavior to provide good dimensional stability to the fabric. The low denier of cellulose acetate fibers can provide a cotton-like feel, can be successfully processed through a carding machine to form cohesive sliver, and maintain its integrity through the stretching process to form it into spun yarn. have.

Description

Sliver containing cellulose acetate for spun yarn

The present invention is a sliver containing cellulose acetate staple fibers for making roving and spun yarns for textile fabrics, more particularly good fiber-to- It relates to a sliver having fiber cohesive energy.

Fabrics made of spun yarn are widely used in a variety of applications. These fabrics can be made of natural and/or synthetic materials such as polyester, polyamide, acrylic, polyurethane, glass, wool, polypropylene, silk, cashmere, sisal, flax fiber, hemp, cotton, various recycled cellulosic materials, For example, it is formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting or felting yarns made of viscose, modal and lyocell, often these materials It is formed as a blend of two or more of them.

The use of regenerated cellulosic materials has advantages resulting from plant-based renewable resources (cellulose), but it does not exhibit thermoplastic behavior. Typically, fabrics containing regenerated cellulosic material, cotton, hemp or flax fibers are blended with thermosetting materials such as polyester or nylon, which are required for the dimensional stability of the fabric, such as less shrinkage, less twist and less skew. ) Is thermoplastic to provide. Alternatively, fabrics that do not have such thermoplastics need to be resin treated and/or pre-shrunk to provide dimensional stability. It may be desirable to provide textile blends with materials that are derived from plant-based renewable resources and exhibit the thermosetting behavior of thermoplastics without the need for resin treatment and/or preshrinkage.

If the selected material meets the end-user performance requirements, but cannot be processed on existing machines used to make spun yarns, it is unlikely to be used in the textile market. A significant portion of the spun yarn market uses a ring spinning process of roving yarn made from drawn sliver of staple fibers obtained through a carding process. The staple fibers should be suitable to be carded with cohesive sliver, which can be ring spun into yarn, all of which use existing conventional equipment. The secret to the success of this material is its ability to be successfully carded and stretched into sliver of adequate uniformity and stiffness. The staple fibers used to make the sliver must be able to provide cohesiveness to the sliver to maintain its integrity and shape, and must have a sufficiently low dynamic coefficient of friction so that the sliver can be easily drafted. .

In addition, the substitute material should have a soft touch similar to the touch of cotton rather than the touch of synthetic materials of polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene fibers. Fibers with low denier are more suitable to achieve a softer touch, while low denier fibers are more difficult to process. In order to separate and efficiently cultivate the fibers in the carding operation, and to aid in the maintenance of sliver integrity, a crimp is provided to the fibers, which generally does not have a significant effect on the firmness of the high denier fibers. However, if the denier drops below 3, the application of the crimp can weaken the strength of the fiber to the point where it breaks easily, forming a dust-like fluff, which causes both fiber loss and frequent stoppage of the machine. Remove lint that accumulates quickly.

Compared to the same fabric containing recycled cellulose, it has been successfully processed through a carding machine to provide better dimensional stability to the fabric with its thermoplastic behaviour, have a lower denier to give a feel similar to that of cotton, and form a cohesive sliver. It may be desirable to use a substitute material for regenerated cellulose as a material originating from plant-based renewable resources, formed from yarn spun into In particular, the sliver made from such CA staple fibers must have good cohesive energy to enable formation into carded sliver and to maintain its integrity throughout the stretching process.

A carded sliver is provided comprising a circular, denier of less than 3.0 and CA staple fibers having a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30, wherein the sliver has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of 10,000 J or more.

Also provided is a spun yarn obtained from at least one carded sliver, wherein at least one of the carded slivers comprises a round shape, a denier of less than 3.0, and a CA staple fiber having 5 to 30 CPI (crimp frequency per inch), , The sliver has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of 10,000 J or more.

In addition, the present invention includes a fabric obtained from a spun yarn, wherein the yarn is obtained from a carded sliver comprising a CA staple fiber containing a plurality of spun finishes, and the fabric does not contain a spun finish or the CA Containing a plurality of spinning finishes less than the amount on the staple fibers, the CA staple fibers have a round shape, a denier of less than 3.0 (DPF) and 5 to 30 CPI (crimp frequency per inch), the at least one carded sliver is 10,000 It has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of J or higher.

Preferably, the CA staple fibers used to make the carded sliver are untwisted fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction of less than 0.11 to less than 0.2 as measured on uncrimped filament yarn by ASTM D3412/3412M-13 ( F/F CODF), wherein the uncrimped filament has the same composition, shape and denier as the CA staple fiber. In addition, the CA staple fibers used to make the carded sliver have a static charge of 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity as determined on the filament yarn.

1 relates to different parameters used to determine the crimp amplitude of crimped fibers.

It has been found that sliver can be successfully formed from CA staple fibers and can be successfully further processed into spun yarn to make fabrics. At the same time, CA staple fiber can be environmentally friendly, exhibits thermoplastic behavior, has a soft touch similar to that of cotton, and can be processed using both new and existing processing equipment.

As used herein, fabrics are made from spun yarn, weaved, knitted, crocheted, notched, embroidered, braiding/plaiting, lacing or carpeting. It is a carpet piling material. Fabrics include civil fabrics, carpet piling and fabrics (including fabrics). Civil fabrics used in connection with fabrics herein are woven or knitted. Examples of suitable types of fabrics that can be formed from the staple fibers of the present invention include, but are not limited to, clothes (underwear, socks, hats, shirts, pants, dresses, scarves, gloves, etc.), bags, baskets, upholstered furniture, window coverings, Towels, table cloths, bedspreads, flat surface covers, art objects, filters, flags, backpacks, tents, handkerchiefs, rags, balloons, kites, sails, parachutes, car covers, heat protective clothing for firefighters and welders, bullet-proof gloves or stabbing Protective protective clothing, medical fabrics such as implants, and agricultural fabrics for crop protection. CA staple fiber refers to cellulose acetate staple fiber, and “staple fiber” refers to a continuous filament or a fiber cut from a tow band of a continuous filament. The carded sliver, spun yarn or fabric obtained from the described elements includes any number and type of steps or process operations in between.

A carded sliver is provided comprising a CA staple fiber having a circular, denier of less than 3.0 and a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30 CPI, and a static charge of less than 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity, wherein the sliver is 10,000 J It has more than fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy.

Carded slivers are generally continuous bundles or strands of loose, untwisted fibers arranged relatively parallel to each other. This arrangement can be performed by allowing the fibers to undergo a carding process.

The sliver and spun yarn of the present invention can be formed according to any suitable process. The process of forming sliver from a staple fiber starting material is initiated by feeding staple fibers to a carding machine and optionally blending the CA staple fibers with fibers of another non-cellulose acetate material. When the CA staple fibers are blended with other natural fibers, these natural fibers may optionally be separated from foreign matter, such as dust, seeds, and other foreign matter that has undergone a picking process or formed into a lap. CA staple fibers contained in bales can be blended with other baled fibers by opening each bale and feeding the fibers to a blending machine. Blending can take place during the formation of the wrap, during the carding operation or during the drawing out operation, preferably into or before the carding process. The staple fibers are unfolded and tufted before being fed to the carding machine so that the fibers can be removed.

The carding process may be manual or may be processed through any conventional carding machine including drum carders, home carders and industrial carders. Generally, in the carding process, CA staple fibers are placed on a conveyor or card together with staple fibers of a material other than cellulose acetate (non-CA staple fibers), and fine wire brushes, metal teeth or other It passes through many cylinders (or other mobile surfaces) covered with a gripping surface. The carding machine may be a roller-doffed card, a fine air-doped card or a coarse air-doped card. A typical carding machine consists of one large cylinder with many teeth or fine wire brushes, and a large number of small rollers moving in opposite directions to the large cylinder, which is wrapped in a flat with wire brushes surrounding at least a portion of the large roller surface. . Because the surfaces move relative to each other, the fibers are mechanically separated and arranged substantially parallel to each other. The flats and cylinders have small teeth or wire brushes, which can gradually become finer or closer as the fibers are pulled through the machine. The fibers remain on the cylinder surface and are pulled in equally parallel directions to form a thin web, which is fed into a funnel-shaped tube so that the web is round loose strands or loose rope-like bodies (sliver or Card sliver).

Optionally, the card sliver can be combed, which is a preferred operation for natural fibers for very fine yarns intended to produce fine fabrics. When combing, a fine, fine comb is applied to the sliver to further separate and remove the too short fibers and further arrange the fibers parallel to each other.

Carded sliver is the product of a carding machine that has not yet been combed (if used) and stretched. The carded sliver preferably has a total denier of at least 10,000, at least 15,000, at least 20,000, at least 25,000, at least 30,000, at least 35,000, at least 40,000, at least 45,000 or at least 50,000. In general, the sliver total denier may be 200,000 or less, 150,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 80,000 or less, 60,000 or less, or 50,000 or less. In most applications, the sliver can have a total denier of 20,000 to 80,000, 25,000 to 60,000, or 30,000 to 60,000. If it is desirable to convert sliver denier to grain, a conversion factor of 60 grain sliver = 35,000 denier is used.

After the carded sliver is formed, after an optional combing step, it is fed into a stretch frame, where a number of slivers are combined and drafted (reduced in weight per unit length) to make them thinner in length and further straightened and arranged in the sliver. A more uniform sized sliver with improved fiber-to-fiber blending is produced. After a number of slivers are generally further combined to produce larger slivers or strands, they can also be further stretched. The stretching process improves the quality of the sliver by straightening and arranging the staple fibers and making the resulting sliver more uniform. The drawing process entails passing the sliver, optionally first through a guide, such as a spoon, and then through several pairs of rollers, where each successive pair of rollers is operated at a higher speed than the preceding pair, which is below the draw frame. When moving to, the sliver merges, reduces in size, and is significantly drafted. Upon stretching, a slight twist is provided to the combined finer, draped sliver product, which winds up to failure as a roving yarn.

The strand or roving yarn may have a total denier of at least 30,000, at least 40,000, at least 50,000, at least 55,000 or at least 60,000. In general, the sliver total denier may be 300,000 or less, 200,000 or less, or 150,000 or less. If it is desirable to measure denier in hank units, a conversion factor of 1 hank roving = 5300 denier is used. Typical industrial ranges for roving yarns are 0.3 to 5.0 hank, or 18,000 to 1000 denier, respectively.

Subsequently, the yarn wound around the spool continues the yarn ring spinning operation. There are a variety of different spinning processes in which the sliver from stretching can be used directly without the use of roving yarns, such as open (rotor) spinning, air-jet spinning, air-vortex spinning and electrostatic spinning. The CA staple fibers of the present invention are suitable for any type of spinning process used.

A typical spinning process is a ring spinning process. After passing through another set of drafting rolls to increase the spool yarn and obtain the desired final thickness, the spool wound on the spool is a traveler that moves at high speed around a fixed ring surrounding another spool mounted on a rotating spindle. It can be supplied through (traveler). The yarn moving through the traveler is at a slower speed than the spindle speed, thus providing the yarn with the desired twist when it is wound into a failure. The traveler vibrates the spool axially to distribute the yarn along the length of the spool, the process achieving twisting and winding in one step.

In addition, open spinning is a suitable process and differs from ring spinning in many ways. In open spinning, the spinning step is omitted and the sliver is instead fed to the spinning machine by a stream of air. To achieve this, the fibers of the sliver must be separated, typically a rotary stirrer, and the separated fibers are conveyed to the rotor through tubes or ducts by means of a stream of air and are placed into the grooves on the sides of the rotor. As the rotor turns, it twists the fibers in the grooves, and the resulting twisted yarn is removed from the grooves when a constant stream of new separated fibers is supplied to the rotor grooves.

Carded sliver CA staple fibers are formed from one or more types of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate can be formed from cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate or mixtures thereof. Cellulose acetate has a degree of substitution in the range of 1.9 to 2.9. The term “degree of substitution” or “DS” as used herein refers to the average number of acetyl substituents per anhydroglucose ring of the cellulose polymer, wherein the maximum degree of substitution is 3.0. In some cases, the cellulose acetate used to form the fibers as described herein is at least about 1.95, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.25 or 2.3 and/or about 2.9, 2.85, 2.8, 2.75, 2.7, 2.65, 2.6, 2.55, 2.5, 2.45, 2.4 or 2.35 may have an average degree of substitution, but 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or More than 99% cellulose acetate has a degree of substitution greater than 2.15, 2.2 or 2.25. Preferably, more than 90% by weight, more than 95%, more than 98% or more than 99%, and up to 100% by weight of the total acyl substituents are acetyl substituents (C2). Preferably, the cellulose acetate does not have acyl substituents having more than 2 carbon atoms.

Cellulose acetate may have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 90,000 or less as measured using gel permeation chromatography using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. In some cases, cellulose acetate has a molecular weight of at least about 10,000, at least about 20,000, 25,000, 30,000, 35,000, 40,000 or 45,000 and/or about 100,000, 95,000, 90,000, 85,000, 80,000, 75,000, 70,000, 65,000, 60,000 or 50,000 or less. Can have

Cellulose acetate or other CA staples can be formed by any suitable method. In some cases, cellulose acetate can be formed by reacting a cellulosic material, such as wood pulp, with acetic anhydride and a catalyst in an acidic reaction medium to form cellulose acetate flakes. The flakes can then be dissolved in a solvent such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone to form a “solvent dope”, which can be filtered and delivered through a spinnerette to form CA staple fibers. In some cases, up to about 1% by weight or more of titanium dioxide or other delusterant may be added to the dope prior to filtration depending on the desired properties of the fiber and the ultimate end use.

In some cases, the solvent dope or flakes used to form the CA staple fibers may contain no additives or may contain some additives in addition to cellulose acetate. Such additives may include, but are not limited to, plasticizers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, oxidation accelerators, acid scavengers, inorganics, pigments and colorants. In some cases, the CA staple fibers described herein are at least about 90%, 90.5%, 91%, 91.5%, 92%, 92.5%, 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, based on the total weight of the fiber. 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.99%, 99.995% or 99.999% cellulose acetate. Fibers formed according to the present invention are about 10%, 9.5%, 9%, 8.5%, 8%, 7.5%, 7%, 6.5%, 6%, 5.5%, 5% by weight %, 4.5%, 4%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.005% or It may contain up to 0.001% by weight of additives other than cellulose acetate, including certain additives specified herein.

In the spinning process, the solvent dope can be extruded through a number of holes to form continuous cellulose acetate filaments. In spinning protrusions, filaments can be stretched to form bundles of hundreds or even thousands of individual filaments. Each of these bundles or bands is at least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350 or at least 400 and/or 1000 or less, 900 or less, 850 or less, 800 It may contain up to, 750 or less, or up to 700 fibers. Spinning protrusions can operate at any speed suitable to produce filaments and bundles of the desired size and shape.

Multiple bundles can be assembled into toe bands, such as crimped or uncrimped toe bands. The toe band can be of any suitable size, and in some embodiments, at least about 10,000, at least 15,000, at least 20,000, at least 25,000, at least 30,000, at least 35,000, at least 40,000, at least 45,000, at least 50,000, at least 75,000, at least 100,000 , At least 150,000, at least 200,000, at least 250,000 or at least 300,000 total deniers. Alternatively or additionally, the total denier of the toe band is about 5,000,000 or less, 4,500,000 or less, 4,000,000 or less, 3,500,00 or less, 3,000,000 or less, 2,500,000 or less, 2,000,000 or less, 1,500,000 or less, 1,000,000 or less, 900,000 or less, 800,000 or less, May be 700,000 or less, 600,00 or less, 500,000 or less, 400,000 or less, 350,000 or less, 300,000 or less, 250,000 or less, 200,000 or less, 150,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 95,000 or less, 90,000 or less, 85,000 or less, 80,000 or less, 75,000 or less, or 70,000 or less have.

The individual filaments that are typically extruded in a longitudinally arranged manner and ultimately form a toe band are of a certain size. Linear denier per filament (weight in grams of 9000 m fiber length) or DPF of CA filaments of the toe band and corresponding staple fibers of sliver and yarn is 0.5 to 3 as measured according to ASTM D1577-01 using the FAVIMAT vibrometer procedure. Less than, 1.0 to less than 3. Preferably, the DPF of the filaments and the corresponding staple fibers ranges from 1.0 to 2.5, 1.0 to 2.2, 1.0 to 2.1, or more preferably 1.0 to 2.0, less than 1.0 to 2.0, 1.0 to 1.9, or 1.1 to 1.9.

The individual filaments released from the spinning protrusions, and the corresponding staple fibers, have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, but in the solvent-spinning process in acetone the cross-section will be somewhat irregular or blunt serrated due to the collapse of the cured surface. As used herein, the term “cross-section” generally refers to a transverse cross-section of a filament measured in a direction perpendicular to the direction of elongation of the filament. The cross section of the filament can be determined and measured using quantitative image analysis (QIA). The staple fibers can have a cross-section similar to the filaments forming them.

In addition, the cross-sectional shape of an individual filament can be characterized according to its deviation from the circular cross-sectional shape. In some cases, this variation can be characterized by the shape factor of the filament determined according to Equation 1:

[Equation 1]

Shape factor = perimeter / (4π x cross-sectional area) ^1/2

In some embodiments, the shape modulus of the individual cellulose acetate (or other CA staple) filaments is 1 to 2, 1 to 1.8, 1 to 1.7, 1 to 1.5, 1 to 1.4, 1 to 1.25, 1 to 1.15, or 1 to Could be 1.1 The shape factor of a filament with a perfectly circular cross-sectional shape is 1. The shape factor can be calculated from the cross-sectional area of the filament, which can be measured using QIA.

After multiple bundles have been assembled into toe bands, they can pass through a crimping zone, where a patterned wavy-like shape can be imparted to at least some or substantially all of the individual filaments. In carding operations it is necessary to impart crimping to enable the staple fibers to separate and oriented and to provide the necessary measures of agglomeration to prevent the sliver from collapsing.

A suitable type of mechanical crimper is a “stuffing box” or “stuffer box” crimper, which uses a pair of nip rollers to screw the toe bands directly downstream of the rollers. Push it into the limit of the fur box. The compressive force created against the fibers causes the fibers to be buckled, crimped and interdigitated with cohesive toe bands. Examples of devices suitable for imparting a crimp to a filament are described, for example, in US 9,179,709; 2,346,258; 3,353,239; 3,571,870; 3,813,740; 4,004,330; 4,095,318; 5,025,538; 7,152,288; And 7,585,442, each of which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent inconsistent therewith. In some cases, the crimping step is at least about 50 m/min (75 m/min, 100 m/min, 125 m/min, 150 m/min, 175 m/min, 200 m/min, 225 m/min or 250 m/min) and/or about 750 m/min (475 m/min, 450 m/min, 425 m/min, 400 m/min, 375 m/min, 350 m/min, 325 m/min or 300 m/min) or less.

The low denier CA staple fibers of the present invention are susceptible to fracture by the general frequency of the crimp imparted to the high daner fibers typically used in tobacco filter soil. However, as mentioned above, crimping is an essential component of the fibers to form cohesive sliver and spun yarn. Low frequency crimps are required to form fibers that exhibit minimal breakage and a high degree of holding strength. The term “retention strength” as used herein refers to the ratio of the strength of the crimped filament (or staple fiber) to the strength of the same but uncrimped filament (or staple fiber), and is expressed as a percentage. For example, a crimped fiber having a strength of 1.3 g/denier (g/denier) may have a retention strength of 87% if the same but uncrimped fiber has a strength of 1.5 g/denier. have.

Cellulosic acetate filaments crimped according to the present invention may have a holding strength of at least about 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. . The retention strength can be 100% in some cases. In some cases, the final CA staple fibers may be identical but exhibit similar retention strength compared to uncrimped staple fibers.

Crimping means that the final staple fibers are at least 5, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10 or at least 12, and 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 19 or less crimps per inch, as measured according to ASTM D3937. It can be performed to have a crimp frequency of (CPI). CPIs higher than 30 can cause excessive breakage and low retention strength, leading to fluff formation and fiber loss. A CPI lower than 5 is insufficient to properly card the fibers or to maintain the agglomeration of the sliver. Preferably, the CPI is 10 to 20.

The ratio of CPI to DPF is a useful means to ensure that an appropriate CPI is imparted at a given DPF and to ensure that the necessary balance of crimp frequency and strength is maintained at a given DPF. Suitable CPI:DPF ratios include 6:1 to 30:1, 6:1 to 20:1, in particular 6:1 to 14:1 or 7:1 to 12:1.

Upon crimping, the crimping amplitude of the fibers may vary, for example, at least about 0.85 mm, at least 0.90 mm, at least 0.93 mm, at least 0.96 mm, at least 0.98 mm, at least 1.00 mm, or at least 1.04 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the crimp amplitude of the fibers is 1.75 mm or less, 1.70 mm or less, 1.65 mm or less, 1.55 mm or less, 1.35 mm or less, 1.28 mm or less, 1.24 mm or less, 1.15 mm or less, 1.10 mm or less, 1.03 mm or less or 0.98 mm or less.

In addition, the final staple fibers may have a crimp ratio of at least about 1:1. As used herein, “crimp ratio” refers to the ratio of uncrimped toe length to crimped toe length. In some embodiments, the staple fibers can have a crimp ratio of at least about 1:1, at least about 1.1:1, at least about 1.125:1, at least about 1.15:1, or at least about 1.2:1.

The crimp amplitude and crimp ratio are measured according to the following calculations, with the dimensions mentioned are as shown in Figure 1: The crimped length (L _c ) is equal to the reciprocal of the crimp frequency (1/crimp frequency), and the crimp ratio is cream It is equal to the straight line length divided by the ping length (L ₀ ) (L ₀ :L _c ). Amplitude (A) is geometrically calculated as shown in Fig. 1 using half of the straight length (L ₀ /2) and half of the crimped length (L _c /2). The uncrimped length is simply measured using conventional methods.

After crimping, the fibers can be dried in a drying zone to reduce the moisture (sum of water and solvent) content of the soil band. In some cases, the drying zone determines the final moisture content of the toe band, based on the total weight of the yarn, about 9% or less, less than 8.5%, 8%, less than 7.5%, less than 7%, 6.5% by weight. It may be sufficient to reduce to less than or less than 6% by weight. Typically, the moisture content does not drop below about 3.5% or less than about 4% by weight. Any suitable type of dryer can be used, such as a forced air oven, drum dryer or heat setting channel. The dryer can operate at any temperature and pressure conditions that provide the required level of drying without damaging the yarn.

After drying, the toe band can be supplied to the cutting zone, or optionally first baled and the resulting bale can be introduced into the cutting zone, wherein the stretched toe band can be cut into staple fibers. The staple fibers of the present invention can be cut to lengths depending on the application requirements. Unexpectedly, the cut length also affects the agglomeration of the sliver and the ability to successfully spin the yarn in a given denier. Yarns that have been successfully spun at the given denier and staple fiber lengths may require adjustment of the staple cut length at low DPF when all other factors are constant. Staple fiber lengths generally range from at least 5 mm and up to 150 mm. Other examples of straight cut lengths are at least 10 mm or at least 11 mm, and about 100 mm or less, 90 mm or less, 80 mm or less, 60 mm or less, 55 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 45 mm or less, 40 mm or less, Cut lengths of 38 mm or less, 35 mm or less, 32 mm or less, 30 mm or less, 28 mm or less, or 26 mm or less are included. Examples of cut length ranges include 10 to 55 mm, 10 to 50 mm, 10 to 45 mm, 11 to 38 mm, or 11 to 26 mm.

Any suitable type of cutting device can be used that can cut the filaments to the desired length without undue damage to the fibers. Examples of cutting devices may include, but are not limited to, rotary cutters, guillotines, stretch breaking devices, reciprocating blades, and combinations thereof. After cutting, the staple fibers are baled, bagged or packaged for subsequent transport, storage and/or use.

The sliver obtained from CA staple fibers has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of at least 10,000 J, at least 12,000 J, at least 15,000 J, at least 17,000 J or at least 20,000 J. The fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy preferably does not have a cohesive energy of more than 30,000 J to ensure that the sliver can be continuously stretched properly without fiber breaking. The sliver fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy is a number of finishes including the level and type of finish coating to adjust the cut length, CPI, denier, fiber-to-fiber and fiber-to-metal dynamic coefficient of friction, static charge and fiber material. Can be influenced by factors. Fibers formed into sliver as for use in sliver are due to the process of manufacturing the sliver requiring good fiber-to-fiber agglomeration and as in the stretching operation to maintain its agglomeration and integrity as the sliver is elongated. Due to the downstream treatment of the sliver, it requires a larger F/F CODF compared to fibers that are used for many nonwoven applications or made with many nonwoven applications. Compared to nonwoven applications, F/F CODF is higher in spun yarn applications to maintain the cohesive energy and firmness of the sliver, but not high enough to cause its fracture when stretched and stretched using conventional equipment.

The fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of the carded sliver is determined by the rotor ring test. The test equipment and procedures were developed at the Textile Technology Institute (Denkendorf, Germany). A small amount of pre-knitted fibers (2 to 3 g) is provided from a feed chute to a feed roll rotating at 5 rpm (revolutions per minute). The feed roll moves the fibers into an opener roll rotating at 4000 rpm by carding action between the cylinders. After the fibers move from the opening roll to the feed zone by the action of partial vacuum and centrifugal force, they are placed in a rotor cup rotating at 10,000 rpm via air transport. Fiber rings are formed in the rotor, which mainly consist of parallel fibers. The energy (J) required to operate the opening cylinder at a constant speed is measured. The test is performed at 65% RH and 70°F.

Examples of suitable fiber-to-fiber cohesive energies of sliver are 10,000 to 30,000 J, 10,000 to 28,000 J, 10,000 to 25,000 J, 10,000 to 23,000 J, 10,000 to 20,000 J, 12,000 to 30,000 J, 12,000 to 28,000 J, 12,000 to 25,000 J, 12,000 to 23,000 J, 12,000 to 20,000 J, 15,000 to 30,000 J, 15,000 to 28,000 J, 15,000 to 25,000 J, 15,000 to 23,000 J, 15,000 to 20,000 J, 17,000 to 30,000 J, 17,000 to 28,000 J, 17,000 to 25,000 J, 17,000 to 23,000 J, or 17,000 to 20,000 J.

An alternative method of describing the cohesive energy for a sliver is to perform a staple pad friction test on the staple fibers used to make the sliver and calculate the scroop value. The firmness value of the coated fibers described herein, measured as the difference between static and dynamic traction, may be less than 160 grams (g). In some embodiments, the coated staple fibers are at least about 10 g, at least 15 g, preferably at least 20 g, at least 23 g, at least 25 g, at least 28 g, at least 30 g, at least 35 g, at least 40 g, At least 45 g, at least 50 g, at least 55 g, at least 60 g, at least 65 g, at least 70 g, at least 75 g, at least 80 g, at least 85 g or at least 90 g, and preferably 200 g or less, 180 g Hereinafter, it may represent a clear value of 160 g or less, 180 g or less, 140 g or less, or 120 g or less. Staple fibers with low cohesive strength, as indicated by the low firmness value, do not have sufficient cohesive energy to form a sliver that can be properly processed or stretched while maintaining integrity and firmness. Staple fibers have a firmness value greater than 1 or 0.8. The static and dynamic coefficients of friction and the resulting stiffness values can be calculated from the staple pad friction method described in US 5,683,811 and US 5,480,710 using an Instron 5966 series machine or equivalent instead of an Instron 1122 machine. Fiber-to-fiber static friction is determined as described in US 5,480,710 as the maximum threshold traction force at low traction speed upon reaching the equilibrium traction behavior, and fiber-to-fiber dynamic friction is calculated similarly, but this means that the staple pads slip- It is the minimum threshold level of force when traversing the slip-stick behavior. The strength is calculated as the difference between static and dynamic frictional traction, and the unit is in grams.

A more detailed description of the determination of the fiber-to-fiber friction coefficient by the staple pad friction method is as follows. The coefficient of friction test fixture is a fixed horizontal table and a movable sled. Both the table and the sled can be covered with the test material. The toe line attaches the sled to the low force load cell by a pulley guiding the toe line during the test. The fixture is mounted at the base of the test machine, and when the crosshead/load cell moves, the sled is pulled across the horizontal table.

Data is recorded and analyzed from the load cell during the test to determine both static and dynamic friction. Static friction is typically the maximum peak force on the load curve required to initiate movement of the sled, and dynamic friction is the average force on the load curve recorded over the entire length of the movement of the sled. The staple pad friction coefficient is defined as the average of the static and dynamic friction forces divided by the mass of the sled, and the robustness value is the difference between the static and dynamic forces.

Instruments include: a Mettler Balance, an air-jet type device (which aids in unwinding and unfolding the staple fiber sample), a mini-carding machine or equivalent machine (orienting the staple fiber sample to place a test fiber pad. Can be manufactured), Universal Tensile/Compression Tester: Instron Model 5966 or equivalent, fixed steel horizontal table with fixed pulley: 200W x 360L x 13H mm, movable steel sled: 63W x 65L x 6H mm steel block (weight: 200 g) and hook attachment, steel weight: 1 kg.

Fiber specimen preparation and test apparatus setup is as follows:

1. About 50 g of the cut staple crimped fibers are processed through an air-jet to introduce a straightening effect to the individual fibers.

2. Two samples (flat fiber weighing about 5 g each) are taken and processed through a mini-carding machine to form two fiber pads (measured respectively: 75W x 225L x 50H mm).

3. Attach the coefficient of friction test fixture using a universal tensile/compression tester equipped with a 5-10 kN load cell.

4. Attach a sheet of 50 grit sandpaper to a fixed steel horizontal table using tape.

5. Attach a second sheet of 50 grit sandpaper with tape to the lower part of the movable steel sled, and attach the toe line to the load cell of the universal tensile/compression tester, so that the load cell mechanism moves upward. In this case, the toe line pulls the movable steel sled across the top of the fixed steel horizontal table.

6. Place one sample fiber pad on the sandpaper taped to a fixed steel horizontal table.

7. A second fiber pad is placed on top of the first pad extending along the length of the fixed steel horizontal table.

8. Place the movable steel sled on top of the upper fiber pad, and set the steel weight on the top of the movable steel sled.

9. Set up the universal tension/compression tester so that the crosshead head and load cell move at a speed of 150 mm/min and the travel length is 150 mm.

10. After the upper fiber pad is tested in a forward direction, the pad is rotated 180°, and the test is repeated, and the pad is tested twice in the opposite direction.

11. Repeat step 10 by turning over the upper fiber pad.

12. Record and report static and dynamic friction forces and calculate the coefficient of friction as mentioned above.

The coated staple fibers of the present invention are at least 0.20, at least 0.25, at least 0.30, preferably at least 0.35, at least 0.4, at least 0.45, at least 0.55, at least 0.6, and/or about 0.9 or less, 0.85 or less, preferably 0.80 or less. , 0.75 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.6 or less, or 0.55 or less fiber-to-fiber staple pad friction may represent a friction coefficient. Staple fibers having a fiber-to-fiber staple pad friction coefficient of more than 0.9 have a problem in that the fiber tends to break and thus the short fiber content increases, and when it is less than 0.2, a sliver cannot be formed or is wound or stretched. A sliver with poor warmth that cannot be achieved is formed.

Additionally or alternatively, the coated staple fiber, as measured as described in US 5,683,811 (the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent inconsistent herein), is at least about 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 or 0.25 And/or a friction coefficient of fiber-to-metal staple pad friction of about 0.55, 0.50, 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, or 0.30 or less.

In one embodiment, the CA staple fibers contained in the carded sliver, spun yarn and fabric are 0.11 to 0.20 untwisted F/F CODF (fiber-to-fiber) as measured by ASTM D3412/3412M-13 on filament yarn. Also referred to as sliding friction). To determine the F/F CODF of the fiber of the sliver, an uncrimped continuous filament having the same composition, denier, shape and CPI as the filament used to make the CA staple fiber is formed or available, The continuous filaments used to make CA staple fibers are used, formed into filament yarns, and conditioned for 24 hours at 70°F and 65% relative humidity prior to testing. Only one twist is used, the speed is 20 m/min, and the yarn is tested on an intestinal force transfer (CTT-E) device with an electronic drive according to Figure 1 of the ASTM procedure at an input tension of 10 g. Filament yarns are measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 except that. The value obtained by this method is considered to be the F/F CODF of Sliver's CA staple fiber.

If the sliver has an F/F CODF of less than 0.11, the sliver does not maintain its integrity in the drawing process, especially when more than 10% by weight of CA staple fibers are used in the blend of staple fibers. When the sliver has an F/F CODF of more than 0.20, the stretching process tends to exceed the strength of the sliver, especially as the CA staple fiber content increases. Preferably, the F/F CODF is 0.11 to 0.20, 0.11 to less than 0.20, 0.11 to 0.19, 0.11 to 0.18, 0.11 to 0.17, 0.11 to 0.16, 0.11 to 0.15, 0.12 to 0.20, 0.12 to less than 0.20, 0.12 to 0.19 , 0.12 to 0.18, 0.12 to 0.17, 0.12 to 0.16, or 0.12 to 0.15.

In addition to preferably having an F/F CODF, the carded sliver, spun yarn and CA staple fibers contained in the fabric also preferably have a fiber-to-metal dynamic coefficient of friction (F) of less than 0.80 measured on the filament yarn. /M CODF). To determine the F/M CODF of the fibers of the sliver, the continuous filaments used to make the CA staple fibers were formed into filament yarns, conditioned for 24 hours at 70°F and 65% relative humidity, and ASTM D3108/D3108M -Measured on a CTT-E instrument apparatus according to Figure 2 of the ASTM D3412/3412M-13 procedure using an input tension of 10 g at 100 m/min according to 13.

As a carding machine, a friction force is applied to the spun yarn stage through the fiber-to-metal contacts of the many stages of the sliver, including drawing, spinning and spinning. This frictional force can cause fiber formation and weakening of the fiber to the breaking point, which leads to the development of short fiber content and in some cases sliver breakage, especially at high CA staple fiber content. Preferably, the F/M CODF is 0.70 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.60 or less, 0.59 or less, 55 or less, 0.52 or less, 0.50 or less, 0.48 or less, or 0.47 or less. Preferred ranges are 0.30 to 0.80, 0.30 to 0.70, 0.30 to 0.65, 0.30 to 0.60, 0.40 to 0.80, 0.40 to 0.70, 0.40 to 0.65, 0.40 to 0.60, 0.45 to 0.80, 0.45 to 0.70, 0.45 to 0.65, 0.45 to 0.60 , 0.48 to 0.80, 0.48 to 0.70, 0.48 to 0.65, 0.48 to 0.60, 0.50 to 0.80, 0.50 to 0.70, 0.50 to 0.65, or 0.50 to 0.60.

Static electricity can be annoying to users of fabrics and can cause processing problems in the production of spun yarns and fabrics. Since moisture is an excellent antistatic agent, the problem of static electricity generation is particularly evident when the fiber is hydrophobic. In most dry fabric processes, fibers and fabrics move relative to each other over various surfaces at high speeds, which can generate triboelectric static charges resulting from frictional forces. The generation of static electricity on the fibers tends to prevent the fibers from approaching each other, which leads to a reduction in sliver agglomeration and other downstream processing problems of yarn spinning. In addition, static electricity affects fabric material handling, is annoying to consumers, clothing that sticks even in medium to high humidity conditions, and less electric shocks caused when walking on carpets must be dealt with.

Thus, in one embodiment that may include the F/F CODF and/or F/M CODF described above, the CA staple fiber used to make the sliver from the carded staple fiber is less than 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity. Have a static charge. Electrostatic charge on CA staple fibers affects sliver cohesiveness by reducing fiber-to-fiber repulsion to maintain cohesiveness of the sliver. Sliver and carded staple fibers are believed to have been made using CA staple fibers having a static charge of 1.0 kV or less when the filaments used to make the staple fibers used in the sliver have a static charge of less than 1.0 kV. . The test method for determining the static charge of the CA staple fibers used to manufacture the sliver is as follows. The sample is the filament yarn used to make the sliver staple fibers. The filament yarn is exposed to a controlled environment at 70° F. at 65% relative humidity for 24 hours to condition the filament yarn. A 2 ft section of filament yarn is secured at one end, and the other end hand while rubbing the secured section of filament yarn back and forth along the entire 2 ft section using the side of a wooden #2 pencil for 3 cycles. Catch with. The electrostatic charge imparted to the filament is measured using a Simco electrostatic field model FMX-003 or equivalent.

Electrostatic charge is preferably 1.0 kV or less, 0.98 kV or less, 0.96 kV or less, 0.90 kV or less, 0.85 kV or less, 0.80 kV or less, 0.78 kV or less, 0.75 kV or less, 0.70 kV or less, 0.68 kV or less, 0.58 kV or less, 0.60 kV or less, 0.58 kV or less, 0.55 kV or less, or 0.50 kV or less.

In addition to the cut length, filament shape and denier, the F/F CODF, F/M CODF, and static charge on the CA staple fibers can be affected by the application of the finish on the filaments used to make the CA staple fibers. . The finish applied to the CA filament (also referred to as the “fibre finish” or “spun finish”), when applied to the fibrous filament:

1.a coating that modifies the friction exerted by and against the fibers and alters the ability of the fibers to move relative to each other and/or against a metal surface,

2. a coating that reduces the formation of static electricity on the fabric, or

3. Both

Refers to any suitable type of coating.

Preferably, at least one finish that modifies the fiber-to-fiber coefficient of friction and optionally the fiber-to-metal coefficient of friction should be applied to the fiber. In addition, the same finish may have antistatic properties, or a second antistatic finish may be applied.

The finish is not the same as an adhesive, binder, or other similar chemical additive that prevents migration between the fibers by adhering to each other when added to the fibers. The finish continues to allow the movement of the fibers relative to each other and/or to other surfaces when applied, but the ease of this movement can be modified by increasing or decreasing the frictional force.

Thus, it is preferred that the CA staple fibers have a coating that modifies the F/F CODF within the stated limits, compared to the same but uncoated fibers. Although relatively high CPI gives a measure of fiber-to-fiber dynamic friction, it is high in imparting the necessary integrity to the sliver when staple fibers are formed into sliver and spun yarn, and to impart elongation and strength firmness to spun yarn. Since cohesive energy is required, greater friction is required. Also, as mentioned above, fibers made for use in sliver or formed from sliver require a larger F/F CODF than fibers formed for use in many nonwoven applications or in many nonwoven applications.

Finishes that provide both an improved fiber-to-fiber modulus of static and dynamic friction, and improved antistatic build-up, applied in one step are desirable, requiring only one application of the finish to the fibers. However, the staple fiber may include at least two finishes applied to all or part of the staple fiber surface in one step or multiple steps at one or more times during the fiber production process. When two or more finishes are applied to the fiber, the finish can be applied in one step as a blend of two or more different finishes, or the finishes can be applied individually at different stages/locations during the process. For example, in some cases, the staple fibers may be at least partially coated with a spinning finish applied to the filaments at or between filament spinning and prior to crimping to enable the filament spinning and/or crimping steps described above. I can. A finish comprising an antistatic finish may be added to the fibers in the filament spinning step or between spinning the fibers and collecting the filaments into bundles. Alternatively or additionally, the finish (which may include an antistatic finish) may be applied at any point or after filament spinning and before the cutting step, and may be applied to individual filaments, bundles or toe bands.

Any suitable method of finish application may be used, including, for example, spraying, wick application, dipping, or the use of squeeze, lick or kiss rollers. can do.

The cumulative amount of all finishes applied can depend on the type of finish, fiber denier, cut length, and type of CA used, which will impart F/F CODF and static charge to the CA staple fibers within the limits described above. When used, the finish can be of any suitable type and is at least about 0.05% FOY based on the weight of the dried CA fibers on the filaments, toe bands, CA staple fibers, and CA staple fibers present in the sliver and spun yarn. (finish-on-yarn (finish-on-yarn)), at least 0.10% FOY, at least 0.15% FOY, at least 0.20% FOY, at least 0.25% FOY, at least 0.30% FOY, at least 0.35% FOY, at least 0.40% FOY, at least 0.45 % FOY, at least 0.50% FOY, at least 0.55% FOY or at least 0.60% FOY. Alternatively or additionally, the cumulative amount of finish is less than 2.0% FOY, less than 1.8% FOY, less than 1.5% FOY, less than 1.2% FOY, less than 1.0% FOY, less than 0.9% FOY, based on the total weight of the dried fiber. , 0.8% FOY or less, or 0.7% FOY or less. The amount of the finishing material on the fiber expressed in weight percent can be determined by solvent extraction. As used herein, “FOY” or “finish on yarn” refers to the amount of finish on yarn minus any added water, where the yarn is not referring to spun yarn and is the same amount of CA staple fibers. It refers to a CA toe band that may and may represent it, and for sliver, the percentage may be based on the CA staple fiber of the sliver. One or more than two types of finishes may be used. Preferably, the cumulative amount of the finish on the fiber is 0.10 to 1.0% FOY, 0.10 to 0.90% FOY, 0.10 to 0.80% FOY, 0.10 to 0.70% FOY, 0.15 to 1.0% FOY, 0.15 to 0.90% FOY, 0.15 to 0.80% FOY, 0.15 to 0.70% FOY, 0.20 to 1.0% FOY, 0.20 to 0.90% FOY, 0.20 to 0.80% FOY, 0.20 to 0.70% FOY, 0.25 to 1.0% FOY, 0.25 to 0.90% FOY, 0.25 to 0.80% FOY, 0.25 to 0.70% FOY, 0.30 to 1.0% FOY, 0.30 to 0.90% FOY, 0.30 to 0.80% FOY, or 0.30 to 0.70% FOY.

The antistatic finish may be a cationic, nonionic or anionic finish, and may be in the form of a solution, emulsion or dispersion. The antistatic finish may be an aqueous emulsion, or it may not contain or contain any type of hydrocarbons, oils (including silicone oils), waxes, alcohols, glycols or siloxanes. The particular type of antistatic finish applied to the filament or fiber may depend, at least in part, on the end purpose for which the staple fiber will be used. Examples of suitable antistatic finishes may include, but are not limited to, phosphate salts, sulfate salts, ammonium salts, and combinations thereof. In addition, incidental amounts of other ingredients, such as surfactants, to improve the stability and/or processability of the finish, and/or to make the fiber more desirable for its intended end use (e.g., the fiber is May be non-irritating when in contact with). In addition, depending on the end use of the CA staple fiber, the finish must comply with various federal and state regulations, and may be, for example, non-animal, Proposition 65 compliant, and/or FDA food contact approved.

Antistatic finishes can affect the interaction of the coated fiber with water by modifying the hydrophilicity of the uncoated fiber, making it more hydrophilic. The use of an anti-static finish can provide additional moisture to the fiber itself. In some embodiments, the addition of an antistatic finish is at least 0.05%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.20%, at least 0.30%, at least 0.50% or at least 0.80%, and 1.5% or less or 1.0% added to the fiber. It causes the following moisture.

Carded slivers made using the CA staple fibers of the present invention preferably have a low coefficient of variation. Carded slivers made using different synthetic fibers often have thick and thin spots along the length of the sliver, which is indicated by having a weight change along the unit length of the resulting spun yarn. Carded slivers with a low coefficient of variation can be uniform, are made using fibers and finishes with a fairly uniform crimp frequency, and have a good coefficient of friction. The sliver containing the CA staple fibers described herein was 4.5% or less as measured on a 12 mm section of sliver for 250 liner yarns by the ASTM D1425 "Unevenness of Textile Strands Using Capacitance Testing Equipment" test method, 4.2 It may have a coefficient of variation (CVm) of% or less, 4.1% or less, 4.0% or less, 3.8% or less, 3.7% or less, or 3.6% or less.

Examples of typical ranges of CVm values are 1 to 4.5%, 1.5 to 4.5%, 2 to 4.5%, 2.5 to 4.5%, 2.8 to 4.5%, 2.9 to 4.5%, 3.0 to 4.5%, 3.1 to 4.5%, 3.2 to 4.5%, 3.3 to 4.5%, 3.4 to 4.5%, 3.5 to 4.5%, 3.6 to 4.5%, 3.7 to 4.5%, 3.8 to 4.5%, 3.9 to 4.5%, 1 to 4.2%, 1.5 to 4.2%, 2 to 4.2%, 2.5 to 4.2%, 2.8 to 4.2%, 2.9 to 4.2%, 3.0 to 4.2%, 3.1 to 4.2%, 3.2 to 4.2%, 3.3 to 4.2%, 3.4 to 4.2%, 3.5 to 4.2%, 3.6 to 4.2%, 3.7 to 4.2%, 3.8 to 4.2%, 3.9 to 4.2%, 1 to 4.1%, 1.5 to 4.1%, 2 to 4.1%, 2.5 to 4.1%, 2.8 to 4.1%, 2.9 to 4.1%, 3.0 to 4.1%, 3.1 to 4.1%, 3.2 to 4.1%, 3.3 to 4.1%, 3.4 to 4.1%, 3.5 to 4.1%, 3.6 to 4.1%, 3.7 to 4.1%, 3.8 to 4.1%, 3.9 to 4.1%, 1 to 4.0%, 1.5 to 4.0%, 2 to 4.0%, 2.5 to 4.0%, 2.8 to 4.0%, 2.9 to 4.0%, 3.0 to 4.0%, 3.1 to 4.0%, 3.2 to 4.0%, 3.3 to 4.0%, 3.4 to 4.0%, 3.5 to 4.0%, 3.6 to 4.0%, 3.7 to 4.0%, 3.8 to 4.0%, 3.9 to 4.0%, 1 to 3.8%, 1.5 to 3.8%, 2 to 3.8%, 2.5 to 3.8%, 2.8 to 3.8%, 2.9 to 3.8%, 3.0 to 3.8%, 3.1 to 3.8%, 3.2 to 3.8%, 3.3 to 3.8%, 3.4 to 3.8%, 3.5 to 3.8%, 3.6 to 3.8%, 3.7 to 3.8%, 1 to 3.7%, 1.5 to 3.7%, 2 to 3.7%, 2.5 to 3.7%, 2.8 to 3.7%, 2.9 to 3.7%, 3.0 to 3.7%, 3.1 to 3.7%, 3.2 to 3.7%, 3.3 to 3.7%, 3.4 to 3.7%, 3.5 to 3.7%, 3.6 to 3.7%, 1 to 3.6%, 1.5 to 3.6%, 2 to 3.6%, 2.5 to 3.6%, 2.8 to 3.6%, 2.9 to 3.6%, 3.0 to 3.6%, 3.1 to 3.6%, 3.2 to 3.6%, 3.3 to 3.6%, 3.4 to 3.6%, or 3.5 to 3.6%.

Due to the good fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of the sliver, the short fiber content of the sliver can be minimized. Short fibers are fibers with a length of less than ½". Carded sliver is 30% or less, 28% or less, 26% or less, 25% or less by weight, as measured using a Keisokki fiber length distribution tester. 23 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 18 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 13 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, or 4 wt% or less It can be made to have a short fiber content The tester measures the fiber bundles or beards that have passed on the sample comb by an optical method, and plots a fibrogram with a machine, from which the fibers of the sample The length distribution can be derived.

Alternatively, the carded sliver is 30% or less, 28% or less, 26% or less, 25% or less, 23% or less, 20% or less, 18% by weight as determined using the Uster AFIS test method. Hereinafter, it may be prepared to have a short fiber content of 15% by weight or less, 13% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less. This test method is more destructive to the fibers than the Keisol fiber length distribution tester and artificially produces additional short fibers, but even under this test method, the short fiber content is less than 30% by weight, less than 25% by weight, less than 20% by weight or It may be less than 15% by weight.

CA staple fibers used for sliver preferably exhibit high strength to avoid breaking and short fiber formation during carding and stretching. For example, in some embodiments, the CA staple fibers used to make sliver, spun yarn and fabric are filaments used to make CA staple fibers having the same composition as the staple fibers without mixing with other fibers. As measured according to ASTM D3822 for the yarn, at least about 0.80 grams/denier (g/denier), at least about 0.85 g/denier, at least about 0.90 g/denier, at least about 0.95 g/denier, at least about 1.0 g/denier. , At least about 1.05 g/denier, at least about 1.1 g/denier, at least about 1.15 g/denier, at least about 1.20 g/denier, at least about 1.25 g/denier or at least about 1.30 g/denier and/or 2.50 g/denier or less , 2.45 g/denier or less, 2.40 g/denier or less, 2.35 g/denier or less, 2.30 g/denier or less, 2.25 g/denier or less, 2.20 g/denier or less, 2.15 g/denier or less, 2.10 g/denier or less, 2.05 g/denier or less, 2.00 g/denier or less, 1.95 g/denier or less, 1.90 g/denier or less, 1.85 g/denier or less, 1.80 g/denier or less, 1.75 g/denier or less, 1.70 g/denier or less, 1.65 g/ Denier or less, 1.60 g / denier or less, 1.55 g / denier or less, 1.50 g / denier or less, 1.45 g / denier or less, or 1.40 g / denier strength. Examples of suitable ranges of CA staple fiber strength are 0.8 to 2.5 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.45 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.40 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.35 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.30 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.25 g/denier. Denier, 0.8 to 2.20 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.15 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.10 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.05 g/denier, 0.8 to 2.00 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.95 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.90 g/denier , 0.8 to 1.85 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.80 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.75 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.70 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.65 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.60 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.55 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.50 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.45 g/denier, 0.8 to 1.40 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.5 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.45 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.40 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.35 g/denier, 0.9 To 2.30 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.25 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.20 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.15 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.10 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.05 g/denier, 0.9 to 2.00 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.95 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.90 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.85 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.80 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.75 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.70 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.65 g/denier, 0.9 to 1.60 g / denier, 0.9 to 1.55 g / denier, 0.9 to 1.50 g / denier, 0.9 to 1.45 g / denier, 0.9 to 1.40 g / denier, 1 to 2.5 g / denier, 1 to 2.30 g / denier, 1 to 2.00 g /Denier, 1 to 1.80 g/denier, 1 to 1.65 g/denier, 1.2 to 2.5 g/denier, 1.2 to 2.30 g/denier, 1.2 to 2.05 g/denier, 1.2 to 1.90 g/denier, 1.2 to 1.70 g/denier, 1.3 to 2.5 g/denier, 1.3 to 2.30 g/denier, 1.3 to 2.15 g/denier, 1.3 To 2.00 g/denier, 1.3 to 1.85 g/denier, or 1.3 to 1.70 g/denier.

The elongation at break of CA staple fibers used to make sliver, spun yarn or fabric is at least 10%, at least 13%, at least 15%, at least 20% or at least 25% and/or about 50 as measured according to ASTM D3822. % Or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, or 30% or less. When the elongation at break is less than 10%, the sliver containing CA staple fibers is more likely to break than at a typical draw ratio. CA staple fibers with 10 to 13% elongation at break may also be useful if they have good strength. Examples of more preferred ranges are 13 to 50, 13 to 45, 13 to 40, 13 to 35, 13 to 30, 15 to 50, 15 to 45, 15 to 40, 15 to 35, 15 to 30, 20 to 50, 20 to 45, 20 to 40, 20 to 35, 20 to 30, 25 to 50, 25 to 45, 25 to 40, 25 to 35, or 25 to 30.

CA staple fibers with high strength and elongation enable sufficient maintenance of sliver strength and elongation, allowing them to be formed into a sliver and drawn across the stretching frame without breaking. CA staple fibers have higher or lower strength and elongation at break than fibers blended with staple fibers. Thus, the sliver and spun yarn strength and elongation at break can be influenced by the blend ratio of the staple fibers. Sliver and spun yarn made using the CA staple fibers described herein have a strength retention of at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65% at least 70% or at least 75% as calculated according to Equation 2 below. Has:

[Equation 2]

(Strength of blended sliver or yarn/100% strength of sliver or yarn made using non-CA fibers) x 100

CA staple fibers may contain no or less plasticizers and may exhibit improved biodegradability under industrial, household and soil conditions even compared to CA staple fibers having a high level of plasticizer.

In some embodiments, the fibers of the present invention are 5% or less, 4.5% or less, 4% or less, 3.5% or less, 3% or less, 2.5% or less, 2% by weight based on the total weight of the fibers. Or less, 1.5% by weight or less, 1% by weight or less, 0.5% by weight or less, 0.25% by weight or less, 0.10% by weight or less, 0.05% by weight or less or 0.01% by weight of a plasticizer, or the fiber comprises an added plasticizer I never do that. If present, the plasticizer may be incorporated into the fiber itself by blending with a solvent dope or cellulose acetate flake, or the plasticizer may be applied to the surface of the fiber or filament by spraying, by centrifugal force from a rotating drum mechanism, or by an impregnation bath. I can.

Examples of plasticizers that may be present in or on the fiber, preferably not present, may include, but are not limited to, aromatic polycarboxylic acid esters, aliphatic polycarboxylic acid esters, lower fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, and phosphoric acid esters. Further examples include, but are not limited to, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, ethyl phthalylethyl glycolate, butyl phthalylbutyl glycolate, levulinic acid ester , Dibutyrate of triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, tetraoctyl pyromellitate, trioctyl trimellitate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl Azelate, dibutyl azelate, dioctyl azelate, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, glycerin triacetate (triacetin), diglycerin tetraacetate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tribu Oxyethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and combinations thereof.

In addition, the CA staple fibers of the present invention may not undergo additional processing steps designed to improve the biodegradability of the fibers. For example, the fibers described herein are preferably not hydrolyzed or processed by enzymes or microorganisms. The fibers may contain up to 1% by weight, up to 0.75% by weight, up to 0.5% by weight, up to 0.25% by weight, up to 0.1% by weight, up to 0.05% by weight, or up to 0.01% by weight of adhesives, binders or other modifiers. In some embodiments, the fibers may not include any adhesives, binders or modifiers, and may not be formed from any substituted or modified cellulose acetate. The modified cellulose acetate may comprise a cellulose acetate modified with a polar substituent, such as a substituent selected from the group consisting of sulfate, phosphate, borate, carbonate, and combinations thereof.

Also provided is a sliver or spun yarn that maintains a significant portion of the elongation at break by using the CA staple fibers described herein. The elongation at break retention may be at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 95%, and may exceed the elongation at break of other blended fibrous materials. The method of calculating the elongation at break retention rate is shown in Equation 3 below:

[Equation 3]

(Elongation at break of blended sliver or yarn/elongation at break of sliver or yarn made of 100% non-CA fibers used for blending) x 100

In addition, the spun yarn made using CA staple fibers, as measured according to ASTM 2256, using a spun yarn made using 100% CA staple fibers for testing purposes, at least 0.5 seconds, at least 0.6 seconds, It may have a breaking time of at least 0.65 seconds, at least 0.70 seconds or at least 0.75 seconds.

In addition, the spun yarn made using staple fibers is at least 130 gN, at least 140 gN or at least, as measured according to ASTM 2256, using a spun yarn made using 100% CA staple fiber for testing purposes. 150 gN, and optionally 200 gN or less or 190 gN or less. Examples of suitable ranges of breaking force include 130 to 200 g-N, 140 to 200 g-N, 150 to 200 g-N, 130 to 190 g-N, 140 to 190 g-N, or 150 to 190 g-N.

Further, spun yarns made using CA staple fibers may have a breaking working force of at least 600 gFcm, at least 650 gFcm or at least 700 gFcm. Additionally or alternatively, the yarn may have a breaking work force of 1200 gFcm or less, 1100 gFcm or less, 1000 gFcm or less, or 900 gFcm or less. Breaking work force is measured according to ASTM 2256 using spun yarn made of 100% CA staple fiber for testing purposes. Examples of suitable ranges are 600 to 1200 gFcm, 650 to 1200 gFcm, 700 to 1200 gFcm, 600 to 1100 gFcm, 650 to 1100 gFcm, 700 to 1100 gFcm, 600 to 1000 gFcm, 650 to 1000 gFcm, or 700 to 1000 gFcm Includes.

In addition, spun yarns exhibit high strength. For example, in some embodiments, a spun yarn made using CA staple fibers can exhibit a strength of at least about 0.80 gF/denier, at least about 0.85 gF/denier, or at least about 0.90 gF/denier. Additionally or alternatively, the spun yarn can have a strength of up to 1.1 gF/denier or 1.0 gF/denier. The strength of the spun yarn is measured according to ASTM 2256 using a spun yarn made using 100% CA staple fiber for testing purposes.

The elongation at break of the spun yarn containing CA staple fibers may be at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13% or at least 15%. Additionally or alternatively, the spun yarn may have an elongation at break of 20% or less, 15% or less, or 14% or less. The elongation at break of the spun yarn is measured according to ASTM 2256 using a spun yarn made of 100% CA staple fiber for testing purposes.

In addition, the strength and elongation at break values described above can be achieved for spun yarns having a twist factor of less than 4.0 (meaning twist per inch divided by the square root of the imperial yarn count) and a total denier of less than 400 or less than 300. have. These strength and elongation at break values described above are achieved for spun yarns having a twist multiple of less than 4.0 or less than 3.6 and a total denier of less than 300 or less than 250.

The spun yarn may have a total denier of at least 100, at least 125 or at least 150, and 1000 or less, 500 or less, 400 or less, 300 or less, or 250 or less. Suitable ranges include 100 to 1000, 125 to 500, 125 to 400, 125 to 300, 100 to 300, or 100 to 250.

Carded sliver, spun yarn and fabric may be made using 100% CA staple fibers or may be made using a blend of CA staple fibers and fibers other than CA staple fibers. CA staple fibers are at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the blend in sliver or spun yarn. %, at least 40% or at least 45%, and 100% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, 55% or less, 52% or less, 50% or less % Or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 22% or less, or 20% or less by weight. The one or more other fibers are at least about 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45% by weight , At least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75% or at least 80% by weight. The composition of the specific blend is AATCC TM20A-2014, No. Can be determined according to 1. Examples of suitable ranges of CA staple fibers of sliver, spun yarn or fabric are 5 to 70% by weight, 5 to 65% by weight, 5 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of all fibers of sliver, spun yarn or fabric, 5 to 55 wt%, 5 to 50 wt%, 5 to 45 wt%, 5 to 40 wt%, 5 to 35 wt%, 5 to 30 wt%, 5 to 25 wt%, 5 to 25 wt%, 5 to 20 wt%, 10 to 70 wt%, 10 to 65 wt%, 10 to 60 wt%, 10 to 55 wt%, 10 to 50 wt%, 10 to 45 wt%, 10 to 40 wt%, 10 to 35 wt% %, 10 to 30 wt%, 10 to 25 wt%, 10 to 25 wt%, 10 to 20 wt%, 15 to 70 wt%, 15 to 65 wt%, 15 to 60 wt%, 15 to 55 wt%, 15 to 50%, 15 to 45%, 15 to 40%, or 15 to 35%, 15 to 30%, 15 to 25%, 15 to 25%, 15 to 20%, 20 To 70% by weight, 20 to 65% by weight, 20 to 60% by weight, 20 to 55% by weight, 20 to 50% by weight, 20 to 45% by weight, 20 to 40% by weight, 20 to 35% by weight, 20 to 30 % By weight, or 20 to 25% by weight.

Other types of fibers suitable for use in blends with CA staple fibers include natural and/or synthetic fibers (including but not limited to cotton, rayon, viscose) or other types of regenerated cellulose, such as Cupro. , Tencel, modal and lyocell cellulose, acetates such as polyvinyl acetate, wool, glass, polyamides (including nylon), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycyclohexylenedimethylene tere Phthalate (PCT) and other copolymers, olefinic polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polycarbonate, polysulfate, polysulfone, polyether, acrylic, acrylonitrile copolymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polylactic acid, Polyglycolic acid and combinations thereof.

In some cases, the fibers may be monocomponent fibers, while in other cases the fibers may be multicomponent fibers comprising cellulose acetate and one or more other types of materials. Preferably, the fibers are monocomponent fibers.

In addition, spun yarns formed from staple fibers can exhibit desirable wicking properties. For example, in some embodiments, spun yarns and fabrics formed from CA staple fibers can have a wicking height of 200 mm or less in 5 minutes. In some cases, the wicking height of the spun yarn described herein is about 175 mm, 150 mm, 125 mm, 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm, 50 mm measured as described in NWSP 010.1-7.3. , 40 mm or 30 mm or less.

In addition, fabrics made from spun yarns containing CA staple fibers of the present invention maintain the anti-piling properties of the fabric as determined by ASTM 4970 using a Martindale tester. Fabrics made using the CA staple fibers described herein may have a grade 4 or 5.

Staple fibers and nonwovens formed therefrom may be biodegradable, meaning that these fibers are expected to degrade under certain environmental conditions. The resolution is characterized by the weight loss of the sample over a period of time exposed to specific environmental conditions. In some cases, the material used to form the staple fibers, fibers or fabrics made from fibers, may lose at least about 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% weight and/or typical after embedding in the soil for 60 days. It may exhibit a weight loss of at least about 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% or 35% after 15 days of exposure to the municipal fertilizer container. However, the rate of degradation may vary depending on the particular end use of the fiber, as well as the composition of the article remaining, and the particular test. Exemplary test conditions are provided in US 5,970,988 and US 6,571,802.

The CA staple fibers described herein can exhibit an improved level of environmental non-persistence, which is characterized by better than expected degradation under various environmental conditions. The fibrous and fibrous articles of the present invention meet or exceed the standards established by international test methods and authorities for industrial fertilization potential, home fertilization potential and/or soil biodegradability.

A substance that is considered "fertilizable" must meet four criteria: (1) the substance must be biodegradable; (2) The material must be disintegrative; (3) The substance should not contain more heavy metals than the maximum amount of heavy metals; (4) The material should not have environmental toxicity. The term “biodegradable,” as used herein, generally refers to the tendency of a substance to chemically degrade under certain environmental conditions. Biodegradability is an inherent property of the material itself, and a material can exhibit different degrees of biodegradability depending on the specific environment to which it is exposed. The term "disintegration" refers to the tendency of a material to physically degrade into small pieces upon exposure to certain conditions. Disintegration is dependent on both the material itself and the physical size and configuration of the article being tested. Environmental toxicity measures the effect of a substance on plants, and the heavy metal content of a substance is determined according to the procedure planned in standard test methods.

CA staple fibers can exhibit at least 70% biodegradation in a period of 50 days or less when tested under aerobic fertilization conditions at ambient temperature (28° C.±2° C.) according to ISO 14855-1 (2012). In some cases, CA staple fibers are 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, when tested under conditions referred to as “home fertilizing conditions”. It may exhibit at least 70% biodegradation in a period of 39, 38 or 37 days. These conditions may not be aqueous or aerobic. In some cases, CA staple fibers are at least about 71%, at least 72%, at least 73%, at least 74%, at least 75%, at least 76% when tested according to ISO 14855-1 (2012) for 50 days under home fertilizing conditions. , At least 77%, at least 78%, at least 79%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87% or at least 88% of the total May indicate biodegradation. It can exhibit a relative biodegradation of at least about 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 100%, at least 101%, at least 102% or at least 103% compared to cellulose subjected to the same test conditions.

Substances considered "biodegradable" under household fertilization conditions in accordance with French Standard NF T 51-800 and Australian Standard AS 5810 are at least 90% biodegradable as a whole (e.g. compared to initial samples), or standards and tests Both articles should exhibit a biodegradation of maximum degradation of at least 90% of a suitable reference material after reaching a plateau. The maximum test period for biodegradation under home fertilizing conditions is 1 year. The CA staple fibers described herein can exhibit at least 90% biodegradation within one year or less as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under home fertilizing conditions. In some cases, as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under home fertilizing conditions, the CA staple fibers are at least about 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96 within a year or less. %, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5% biodegradation, or the fiber may exhibit 100% biodegradation within 1 year or less.

Additionally or alternatively, the fibers described herein are about 350 days or less, 325 days or less, 300 days or less, 275 days or less, 250 days or less, 225 days or less as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under home fertilizing conditions. Or less, 220 days or less, 210 days or less, 200 days or less, 190 days or less, 180 days or less, 170 days or less, 160 days or less, 150 days or less, 140 days or less, 130 days or less, 120 days or less, 110 days or less, It may exhibit at least 90% biodegradation within 100 days or less, 90 days or less, 80 days or less, 70 days or less, 60 days or less, or 50 days or less. In some cases, the fiber is at least about 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or within about 70 days or less, 65 days or less, 60 days or less, or 50 days or less of the test according to ISO 14855-1 (2012) under home fertilizing conditions. It can exhibit a biodegradability of at least 99.5%. Consequently, CA staple fibers can be considered biodegradable according to French standard NF T 51-800 and Australian standard AS 5810, for example, when tested under home fertilizing conditions.

CA staple fibers can exhibit at least 60% biodegradation in a period of up to 45 days when tested under aerobic fertilizing conditions at a temperature of 58° C. (± 2° C.) according to ISO 14855-1 (2012). In some cases, fibers are 44 days or less, 43 days or less, 42 days or less, 41 days or less, 40 days or less, 39 days or less, 38 days or less, 37 days or less when tested under conditions also referred to as “industrial fertilization conditions” , Shows at least 60% biodegradation within a period of 36 days or less, 35 days or less, 34 days or less, 33 days or less, 32 days or less, 31 days or less, 30 days or less, 29 days or less, 28 days or less or 27 days or less I can. This may not be an aqueous or aerobic condition. In some cases, the fibers are at least about 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 87% when tested according to ISO 14855-1 (2012) for a period of 45 days under industrial fertilizing conditions. , At least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94% or at least 95% of total biodegradation. This is at least about 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 100%, at least 102%, at least 105%, at least 107%, at least 110%, at least 112%, at least about 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 100%, at least 10 115%, at least 117% or at least 119% relative biodegradation.

Under industrial fertilization conditions according to ASTM D6400 and ISO 17088, at least 90% (or for each component present in an amount greater than 1% by dry mass) of the organic carbon of the entire article as compared to the control or absolutely It is considered "biodegradable" that should be converted to carbon dioxide by the end of the test period. In accordance with European Standard ED 13432 (2000), the substance must exhibit biodegradation of at least 90% as a whole, or of at least 90% of the maximal degradation of a suitable reference substance after reaching a plateau in both the reference and test article. The maximum test period for biodegradability under industrial fertilizing conditions is 180 days. The CA staple fibers described herein can exhibit at least 90% biodegradation within 180 days or less as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under industrial fertilizing conditions. In some cases, as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under industrial fertilization conditions, the CA staple fibers are at least about 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96% within 180 days. , At least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5% biodegradation, or the fiber may exhibit 100% biodegradation within 180 days.

Additionally or alternatively, the CA staple fibers described herein are about 175 days or less, 170 days, 165 days or less, 160 days or less, 155 days or less, 150 or less as measured according to 14855-1 (2012) under industrial fertilizing conditions. Days or less, 145 days or less, 140 days or less, 135 days or less, 130 days or less, 125 days or less, 120 days or less, 115 days or less, 110 days or less, 105 days or less, 100 days or less, 95 days or less, 90 days or less , 85 days or less, 80 days or less, 75 days or less, 70 days or less, 65 days or less, 60 days or less, 55 days or less, 50 days or less, it may exhibit at least 90% of biodegradation within 45 days or less. In some cases, CA staple fibers are at least about 97%, 98% within about 65 days or less, 60 days or less, 55 days or less, 50 days or less, or 45 days or less of testing according to ISO 14855-1 (2012) under industrial fertilizing conditions. , 99% or 99.5% biodegradability. Consequently, the CA staple fibers described herein can be considered biodegradable according to ASTM D6400 and ISO 17088 when tested under industrial fertilizing conditions.

The fibrous or fibrous article of the present invention can exhibit at least 60% biodegradation in soil within 130 days or less as measured according to ISO 17556 (2012) under aerobic conditions at ambient temperature. In some cases, fibers are at least 60% within 130 days or less, 120 days or less, 110 days or less, 100 days or less, 90 days or less, 80 days or less, or 75 or less when tested under conditions also referred to as “soil fertilization conditions”. May indicate biodegradation. This may not be an aqueous or aerobic condition. In some cases, the fibers are at least about 65%, at least 70%, at least 72%, at least 75%, at least 77%, at least 80%, at least 82% when tested according to ISO 17556 (2012) for 195 days under soil fertilization conditions. Or at least 85% of total biodegradation. It may exhibit a relative biodegradation of at least about 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95% compared to cellulose fibers subjected to the same test conditions.

In order to be considered "biodegradable" under soil fertilization conditions according to Vincotte's OK Biodegradable Soil Compliance Mark and DIN CERTCO's DIN Geproft Biodegradability of the Soil Proof Design, a substance must be (for example, , Compared to the initial sample) as a whole), or at least 90% of the maximal degradation of the suitable reference material after reaching a plateau in both the reference and test article. The maximum test period for biodegradability under soil fertilization conditions is 2 years. The CA staple fibers described herein may exhibit at least 90% biodegradation within 2 years, 1.75 years, 1 year, 9 months or 6 months or less as measured according to ISO 17556 (2012) under soil fertilization conditions. In some cases, as measured according to ISO 17556 (2012) under soil fertilization conditions, CA staple fibers are at least about 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96% within 2 years or less. , At least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5% biodegradation, or the fiber may exhibit 100% biodegradation within 2 years or less.

Additionally or alternatively, the CA staple fibers described herein are about 700 days, 650 days, 600 days, 550 days, 500 days, 450 days, 400 days, 350 days as measured according to 17556 (2012) under soil fertilization conditions. It may exhibit at least 90% of biodegradation within days, 300 days, 275 days, 250 days, 240 days, 230 days, 220 days, 210 days, 200 days or 195 days or less. In some cases, CA staple fibers are at least within about 225 days or less, 220 days or less, 215 days or less, 210 days or less, 205 days or less, 200 days or less, or 195 days or less of the test according to ISO 17556 (2012) under soil fertilization conditions. Biodegradability of about 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. As a result, the CA staple fibers described herein receive the OK Biodegradable Soil Compliance Mark from Bangsort and are able to meet the requirements to meet the DIN Geproft biodegradability criteria of DIN CERTCO's soil proof design.

In some cases, the CA staple fibers (or fibrous articles) of the present invention contain less than 1%, 0.75%, 0.50% or 0.25% by weight, based on the weight of the CA staple fibers, of an unknown biodegradable component. It may include. In some cases, the fibers or fibrous articles described herein may not contain unknown biodegradable components.

In addition to being biodegradable under industrial and/or domestic fertilizing conditions, the CA staple fibers or fibrous articles described herein may also be fertilizable under domestic and/or industrial conditions. As mentioned above, a substance is considered fertilizable if it meets or exceeds the requirements set in EN 13432 for biodegradability, disintegration, heavy metal content and environmental toxicity. The CA staple fibers or fibrous articles described herein may exhibit sufficient fertilization potential to meet the requirements for receiving Bansort's OK Fertilizer and OK Fertilizer Household Compliance Marks under household and/or industrial fertilization conditions.

In some cases, the CA staple fibers and fibrous articles described herein may have a volatile solid concentration, heavy metal and fluorine content that comply with all the requirements envisioned in EN 13432 (2000). In addition, CA staple fibers may not have a negative impact on fertilizer quality (including chemical parameters and environmental toxicity tests).

In some cases, CA staple fibers or fibrous articles may exhibit at least 90% degradation within 26 weeks or less as measured according to ISO 16929 (2013) under industrial fertilizing conditions. In some cases, the fibrous or fibrous article is at least about 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% within 26 weeks or less under industrial fertilizing conditions. , At least 99% or at least 99.5% disintegration, or the fiber or article may be 100% disintegrated under industrial fertilizing conditions within 26 weeks or less. Alternatively or additionally, the fibers or articles are about 26 weeks or less, 25 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 23 weeks or less, 22 weeks or less, 21 weeks or less under industrial fertilizing conditions as measured according to ISO 16929 (2013), At least 90% of disintegration within 20 weeks or less, 19 weeks or less, 18 weeks or less, 17 weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 15 weeks or less, 14 weeks or less, 13 weeks or less, 12 weeks or less, 11 weeks or less, or 10 weeks or less. Can be indicated. In some cases, the CA staple fibers or fibrous articles described herein are at least 97 within 12 weeks or less, 11 weeks or less, 10 weeks or less, 9 weeks or less, 8 weeks or less under industrial fertilizing conditions as measured according to ISO 16929 (2013). %, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%.

In some cases, CA staple fibers or fibrous articles may exhibit at least 90% disintegration within 26 weeks or less as measured according to ISO 16929 (2013) under household fertilizing conditions. In some cases, the fibrous or fibrous article is at least about 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% within 26 weeks or less under home fertilizing conditions. , At least 99% or at least 99.5% disintegration, or the fiber or article may be 100% disintegrated within 26 weeks or less under home fertilizing conditions. Alternatively or additionally, the fibers or articles are about 26 weeks or less, 25 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 23 weeks or less, 22 weeks or less, 21 weeks or less, under household fertilizing conditions as measured according to ISO 16929 (2013), It may exhibit at least 90% disintegration within 20 weeks or less, 19 weeks or less, 18 weeks or less, 17 weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, and 15 weeks or less. In some cases, CA staple fibers or fibrous articles described herein are 20 weeks or less, 19 weeks or less, 18 weeks or less, 17 weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 15 weeks or less as measured under home fertilizing conditions according to ISO 16929 (2013). Or less, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 99.5% within 14 weeks or less, 13 weeks or less, or 12 weeks or less.

The CA staple fibers of the present invention can achieve a higher level of biodegradability and/or fertilization potential without the use of additives previously used to enable the environmental non-persistence of similar fibers. Such additives may include, for example, photodegradants, biodegradants, degradation accelerators and various types of other additives. Despite being substantially free of these types of additives, CA staple fibers and articles were found to unexpectedly exhibit improved biodegradability and fertilization potential when tested under industrial, domestic and/or soil conditions as previously discussed.

In some embodiments, the CA staple fibers described herein may be substantially free of photodegradants. For example, the fibers may be about 1% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, 0.50% by weight or less, 0.25% by weight or less, 0.10% by weight or less, 0.05% by weight or less, 0.025% by weight or less, 0.01% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the fiber. The photolysis agent may be included in the weight% or less, 0.005 wt% or less, 0.0025 wt% or less, or 0.001 wt% or less, or the fiber may not contain the photolysis agent. Examples of such photolysis agents include, but are not limited to, pigments (which act as photooxidation catalysts and are optionally promoted in the presence of one or more metal salts), oxidation promoters, and combinations thereof. Pigments may comprise coated or uncoated anatase or rutile titanium dioxide, which may be present alone or in combination with one or more enhancing ingredients, such as various types of metals. Other examples of photolytic agents include benzoin, benzoin alkyl ether, benzophenone and derivatives thereof, acetophenone and derivatives thereof, quinone, thioxanthone, phthalcyanine and other photosensitizers, ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer, aromatic ketone-metal Salt sensitizers and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the CA staple fibers described herein may be substantially free of biodegradants and/or degradants. For example, the fibers may be about 1% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, 0.50% by weight or less, 0.25% by weight or less, 0.10% by weight or less, 0.05% by weight or less, 0.025% by weight or less, 0.01% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the fiber. Or less, 0.005% or less, 0.0025% or less, 0.0020% or less, 0.0015% or less, 0.001% or less, or 0.0005% or less biodegradable and/or disintegrant, or the fiber is biodegradable And/or may not contain a disintegrant. Examples of such biodegradants and decomposing agents include, but are not limited to, salts of oxygen acids of phosphorus, esters of oxygen acids of phosphorus or salts thereof, carbonic acid or salts thereof, oxygen acids of phosphorus, oxygen acids of sulfur, oxygen acids of nitrogen, partial esters or hydrogen salts of these oxygen acids, carbonic acid. And hydrogen salts thereof, sulfonic acids and carboxylic acids.

Other examples of such biodegradants and disintegrants include oxo acids having 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, saturated dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, and alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And an organic acid selected from the group consisting of the oxo acid or the lower alkyl ester of the saturated dicarboxylic acid. In addition, biodegradants may include enzymes such as lipase, cellulase, esterase, and combinations thereof. Other types of biodegradants and degradants are cellulose phosphate, starch phosphate, calcium secondary phosphate, calcium tertiary phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide, glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, stone. Acid anhydride, glutaric acid, acetic acid, and combinations thereof.

In addition, the CA staple fibers of the present invention may be substantially free of several other types of additives that have been added to other fibers to encourage environmental non-persistence. Examples of such additives include, but are not limited to, polyesters (including aliphatic and low molecular weight (e.g., less than 5000) polyesters), enzymes, microorganisms, water soluble polymers, modified cellulose acetates, water-dispersible additives, nitrogen- Containing compounds, hydroxy-functional compounds, oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, anhydrides, monoepoxides, and combinations thereof. In some cases, the fibers described herein are about 0.5% or less, 0.4% or less, 0.3% or less, 0.25% or less, 0.1% or less, 0.075% or less, 0.05% or less, 0.025% or less, It may comprise 0.01% or less, 0.0075% or less, 0.005% or less, 0.0025% or less, or 0.001% or less of these types of additives, or CA staple fibers may contain no additives of these types at all. .

The following examples are provided to illustrate the invention and to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific conditions or details described in these examples. The patentable scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and may include other embodiments that arise to those skilled in the art.

Example

Example 1

The feasibility of successfully producing 100% cellulose acetate spun yarn from low denier, high CPI and circular CA staple fibers was explored. A successful attempt to make sliver and spun yarns from 100% CA staple fibers predicts the impact of blended slivers.

The CA Staple Fiber Toe Bundle was made to have a circular cross section, 1.8 denier fiber and 17 CPI, and was coated with a Pulcra Stantex 2098 finish in an amount of 0.5% FOY. A 100 pound sample of the toe bundle was collected and cut to 38 mm elongated staple lengths, with 0.5% FOY PM lubricant (commercially available as PM 30419 from Eastman) added just prior to cutting. Yarn spinning conditions were maintained at about 55% humidity during the experiment. The staple fibers were carded, drawn, rolled and ring spun.

For an initial proof of concept, staple fibers were successfully spun into 6 2-pound packages of 20 single (about 250 denier) yarns at 4.2 twist multiples. However, the resulting yarn had a low strength of 0.7 g/den and a low elongation of about 11% as measured according to ASTM D-2256 method. The low strength and elongation values reflect low cohesion between the staple fibers, which allows the yarns to easily slide relative to each other when stretching. In addition, a high twist multiple of 4.2 (typical twist multiple of a knitting yarn is 3.5 to 3.9) is between fibers because the initial goal of 30 singles (about 150 deniers) with a 3.5 twist multiple was too weak to successfully spun into yarn. Had to be used to overcome the low cohesion of

Example 2

In this example, the effects of CPI, shape, and finish on carding and spinning performance of staple fibers were evaluated. The variables explored were 8, 12 and 18 CPI, the fiber shapes explored were circular and trilobal, and the two secondary spun finishes compared were PM 30149 and Fulcrat (E8-0.5%), and Stan Was Tex H1385 (available from Fulcra), which is summarized in Table 1. The primary spun finish was applied to the fibers after extrusion and before crimping, and the secondary spun finish was applied to the toe band before cutting. The quantities of primary and secondary finishes are given in Table 1. The staple fiber had a cut length of 38 mm and a denier of 1.8.

Crimp level
(cpi) section Primary spinning finish Secondary spinning finish Sample 1 8 Tri-Global Sat (E8-0.5%) AY23 Sample 2 12 Tri-Global Sat (E4.7-0.5%) AY23 Sample 3 18 circle Fulcra (Stantex 2098 0.65%) AY23 Sample 4 18 Tri-Global Fulcra (Stantex 2098 0.65%) AY23 Sample 5 18 Tri-Global Fulcra (Stantex 2098 0.65%) Stantex H1385 Sample 6 18 circle Fulcra (Stantex 2098 0.65%) Stantex H1385 Sample 7 12 Tri-Global Sat (E4.7-0.5%) Stantex H1385

All of the samples were subjected to carding, but only samples 3 and 6 were successfully converted to carded sliver, stretched, converted to roving yarn, and finally spun into yarn.

Samples 3 and 4 had the same CPI and finish. In addition, Samples 5 and 6 had the same CPI and finish. However, only prototype samples 3 and 6 could be successfully spun into yarn. Surprisingly, samples with trilobal cross-sections were not successfully carded into viable slivers, as determined by the failure to manufacture a card sliver with sufficient cohesive and static charge properties.

Example 3

This example demonstrates the successful spinning of the yarn when used alone or blended with other fibrous materials of the CA staple fibers of the present invention.

CA staple fibers and all other synthetic staple fibers had a denier of about 1.5 and were cut to 38 mm staple length. For cotton, land cotton was used. The synthetic fibers were blended closely, while the acetate/cotton blending was performed on the draw frame.

For 100% acetate spun yarn, a 16 CPI fibrous soil band of circular 1.65 DPF bright soil (without TiO2) was prepared using 0.7% AY23 as the primary spinning finish. Fibers made from these toe bands were used to prepare the samples shown in Table 2 for making 29/1 spun yarns. Sat samples were cut using AY23 or Lurol 7414K targeting 1.5% each as secondary spinning finish. The cut length of the staple fibers was 38 mm. Fracture modulus was determined according to ASTM D1576 by a count strength product as a function of skein stiffness and count.

While ASTM 1576 determines the fracture stiffness of skein-shaped yarns and converts it into skein rupture modulus according to the number of skein (number of strength products), ASTM 2256 uses a single strand method to provide stiffness at break and elongation. The skein method is useful for spun yarns as it provides an average over multiple strands of skein to overcome the inherent non-uniformity of the spun yarn. Although ASTM 1576 is used in filament yarns, it is used extremely rarely because the uniformity of the filament yarns makes it possible to obtain economically reliable results by the single strand method (ASTM 2256).

For spun yarns containing 100% cellulose acetate, the skein rupture modulus (number strong product) should be at least 1100.

Sample Yarn composition
(%) Yarn size Denier equivalent Fracture factor ¹ Acetate filament 100 35/1 150 1800 Acetate (AY23) 100 29/1 183 1137 Acetate (Lurol 74414K) 100 29/1 183 1181 polyester 100 29/1 183 2825 nylon 100 29/1 183 2795 if 100 29/1 183 2368 Acetate/polyester 50/50 29/1 183 1767 Acetate/nylon 50/50 29/1 183 1739 Acetate/cotton 46.5/53.5 29/1 183 1447 The fracture modulus measured on ^one skein is typically not performed on filament yarns, but is done for illustrative purposes to show the difference in the relative stiffness of spun yarns to 150 denier filament acetate, which is acceptable as a weak yarn. The relative stiffness of the 100% synthetic yarn was consistent with the range expected by industry standards.

All samples of CA staple fibers were taken with a sliver and successfully spun into yarn. All samples were taken with a sliver. CA staple fiber samples containing Lurol 7414K finish were used as CA staple fibers for blending with other fiber materials.

Synthetic blend yarns (acetate/nylon and acetate/polyester) were prepared by closely blending the two fibers in a 50/50 weight ratio by weight in a hopper before a fine opener. No problems were observed during carding, stretching, spinning or spinning. As the tightness affects the sliver weight, the tightness had to be considered, and adjustments were required to meet the target sliver weight. The final yarn was aimed at 29/1 based on the best balance obtained using the Acetate Lurol 7414K sample as the criterion to match. A twist multiple of 3.8 to reach 29/1 of the acceptable coefficient of break (1181) results in a twist curve (where firmness versus twist is optimized to balance liveliness (knitability and hand of the final fabric) and firmness) Fit) was used as a basis. All yarn properties were determined according to ASTM 2256. Table 3 summarizes the yarn properties.

Sample Breaking time
(second) B-force
(gF) Elongation
(%) burglar
(gF/den) B-day
(gF.cm) Mod 2%
(N/tex) acetate 0.79 164.0 13.06 0.91 778.6 1.181 Acetate 1 0.81 160.3 13.49 0.89 790.1 1.521 polyester 1.09 329.7 18.12 1.83 1678 1.089 nylon 1.34 379.9 22.10 2.11 1935 0.606 if 0.41 312.9 6.89 1.74 538.8 1.463 Acetate/polyester 1.11 250.1 18.47 1.39 1428 1.612 Acetate/nylon 1.06 233.6 17.60 1.30 1176 0.849 Acetate/cotton 0.35 186.6 5.79 1.04 313.6 1.514

Example 4

This example evaluates the utility of various finishes for F/F CODF and F/M CODF, as well as the effect of static electricity formation on continuous filaments having similar values when cut into staple fibers.

Uncrimped CA continuous fibers were prepared on a pilot scale single toe cabinet and wound on a yarn tube. The total denier of the yarn was 1600 g/9000 m, and the dpf was 1.80. The amount of the finishing material is shown in Table 4 below, and the finishing material was applied at an emulsion level of 2%. No finish lubricants other than the finishes listed in Table 4 were applied. The yarn package was conditioned for 24 hours at 70° F.±2° F. and 65%±4% relative humidity prior to testing. F/M CODF according to ASTM D3108/D3108M-13 on a CTT-E instrument device with an electronic drive according to Figure 2 of ASTM D3412/3412M-13 at an input tension of 100 m/min and 10 g. Measured. ASTM D3412/3412M-except that the F/F CODF was performed at 20 m/min instead of 0.2 m/min due to device constraints using only 1 twist instead of 3 twists due to the stiffness of the fiber. Measured according to 13. The yarn was tested on a CTT-E apparatus according to Figure 1 of the ASTM procedure, which had an input tension of 10 g.

Static electricity was measured as follows: For each package, after fixing a 2 ft section of yarn at one end, the fiber was rubbed with a pencil back and forth three times along the entire length, and the resulting electric field was measured in model FMX-003. It was measured using a Simco electrostatic meter. Measurements were carried out at ambient conditions.

[Table 4]

Lurol 6511 had the lowest CODF (for both F/M and F/F) and lowest static charge (about 0). The Lurol 7414K had a decline in both F/M and F/F, but the F/F was steeper. Stantex 2098 showed a slight decline, but the other lubricants were generally even and similar. All spinning finishes except Lurol 6511 were not statistically significantly different from each other in controlling the static charge.

As used herein, the terms "comprising" and "comprising" are open-ended transition terms used to transition from a subject mentioned before the term to one or more elements mentioned after the term, which are listed after the transition term. The created element is not necessarily the only element constituting the object.

As used herein, the terms “includes” and “comprises” have the same open meaning as “includes” and “includes”.

As used herein, the terms “having” and “having” have the same open meaning as “comprising” and “comprising”.

As used herein, the terms “contains” and “includes” have the same open meaning as “includes” and “includes”.

As used herein, the singular term means one or more.

The term “and/or” as used herein, when used in a list of two or more items, means that any of the listed items may be used by itself or any combination of two or more listed yields may be used. . For example, if the composition is described as containing components A, B and/or C, the composition may contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; Or it may contain A, B and C in combination.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention described above are used as examples only, and should not be used in a limiting sense to interpret the scope of the present invention.

Claims (42)

A carded sliver comprising cellulose acetate staple fibers (CA staple fibers) having a circular, denier of less than 3.0 and 5 to 30 CPI (crimp frequency per inch),
The carded sliver, wherein the sliver has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of 10,000 J or more. The method of claim 1,
The CA staple fiber was 0.11 to 0.2 as measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 using an input tension of 10 g on the filament used to make the CA staple fiber at a rate of 20 m/min per twist. A carded sliver having an uncrimped fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction (F/F CODF) of less than. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Carding CA staple fibers having a static charge of less than 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity as measured using an electrostatic field on a 2 ft sample length filament used to make the CA staple fibers, rubbed back and forth three times. Sliver. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Carded sliver, wherein the sliver has a coefficient of variation (CVm) of 4.5% or less or 4% or less. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The carded sliver, wherein the sliver has a short fiber content (less than ½ inch) of 15% or less as determined by the Geisol Fiber Length Distribution Tester. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The carded sliver, wherein 10% by weight or more to 55% by weight or less of the staple fibers of the sliver are CA staple fibers, and the CA staple fibers are coated with a finishing material. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fiber has a denier of 0.5 to 1.9 and a CPI of 8 to 19, and the cellulose acetate used to make the fiber has an acetyl substitution degree of 2.2 or more. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fibers have a CPI:DPF ratio of 6:1 to 14:1. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A carded sliver, wherein at least 90% of the CA staple fibers have a shape factor of 1.0 to 1.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A carded sliver, wherein at least 90% by weight of CA staple fibers have a cut length of 10 to 150 mm. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
Carded sliver in which CA staple fibers are coated with a finish in an amount of less than 2.0% by weight FOY on a dry weight basis. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fibers are made from filaments having a strength of 0.9 grams/denier or more as measured according to ASTM D3822, or 0.9 grams/denier or more as measured according to ASTM D3822. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
A carded sliver obtained from staple fibers prepared from filaments wherein the CA staple fiber has an elongation at break of 15% or more as measured according to ASTM D3822, and the sliver has an elongation at break of 15% or more as measured according to ASTM D3822. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
A carded sliver having a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of at least 15,000 J or at least 20,000 J. A spun yarn obtained from at least one carded sliver that has been drawn, comprising:
At least one of the carded staple slivers comprises cellulose acetate staple fibers (CA staple fibers) having a circular shape, a denier of less than 3.0 and a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30, and the at least one sliver is a fiber of 10,000 J or more. Spun yarn, with anti-fiber cohesive energy. The method of claim 15,
The CA staple fiber is 0.11 to 13 as measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 using an input tension of 10 g for the filament used to make the CA staple fiber, at a rate of 20 m/min per twist. 65 as measured on a 2 ft sample length filament used to make the CA staple fiber, having an uncrimped fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction (F/F CODF) of less than 0.2 and rubbed back and forth 3 times. Spun yarn with a static charge of less than 1.0 kV at% relative humidity. The method of claim 15 or 16,
Spun yarn, wherein the yarn contains 10 to 70% by weight of CA staple fibers. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17,
Yarn has a breaking force of at least 150 gN as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing (i) 100% CA staple fiber, (ii) 0.85 gF/denier as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing 100% CA staple fiber. Or (iii) at least 13% elongation at break as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing 100% CA staple fibers. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18,
Spun yarn with a total denier of less than 300 and less than 4 twists per inch. As a fabric obtained from spun yarn,
Wherein the yarn is obtained from a carded sliver comprising CA staple fibers containing a plurality of spun finishes, the fabric does not contain a spun finish, or contains a plurality of spun finishes less than the amount on the CA staple fibers, the The fabric, wherein the CA staple fibers are circular, have a denier of less than 3.0 and a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30, and the at least one carded sliver has a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of at least 10,000 J. The method of claim 20,
The CA staple fiber was 0.1 to 0.2 as measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 using an input tension of 10 g on the filament used to make the CA staple fiber at a rate of 20 m/min per twist. Untwisted fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction (F/F CODF) of less than; And a static charge of less than 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity as measured on a 2 ft sample length filament used to make the CA staple fibers rubbed back and forth three times. A carded sliver comprising cellulose acetate staple fibers (CA staple fibers) having a circular, denier of less than 3.0 and 5 to 30 CPI (crimp frequency per inch),
The carded sliver, wherein the sliver is obtained from CA staple fibers having a firmness value of 0.2 or more and 1 or less. The method of claim 22,
The carded sliver, wherein the CA fibers have a coefficient of friction of a fiber-to-fiber staple pad friction of 0.20 or more and 1 or less, 0.30 or more and 0.8 or less, or 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less. The method of claim 22 or 23,
The carded sliver, wherein the CA fibers have a coefficient of friction of fiber-to-metal staple pad friction of 0.10 or more and 0.4 or less. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 24,
Carding CA staple fibers having a static charge of less than 1.0 kV at 65% relative humidity as measured using an electrostatic field on a 2 ft sample length filament used to make the CA staple fibers, rubbed back and forth three times. Sliver. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25,
The CA staple fiber was 0.11 to 0.2 as measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 using an input tension of 10 g on the filament used to make the CA staple fiber at a rate of 20 m/min per twist. A carded sliver having an uncrimped fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction (F/F CODF) of less than. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 26,
Carded sliver, wherein the sliver has a coefficient of variation (CVm) of 4.5% or less or 4% or less. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 27,
A carded sliver, wherein the sliver has a short fiber content (less than ½ inch) of 15% or less as measured by a Geisoki fiber length distribution tester. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 28,
The carded sliver, wherein 10% by weight or more to 55% by weight or less of the staple fibers of the sliver are CA staple fibers, and the CA staple fibers are coated with a finishing material. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 29,
The carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fiber has a denier of 0.5 to 1.9 and a CPI of 8 to 19, and the cellulose acetate used to make the fiber has an acetyl substitution degree of 2.2 or more. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 30,
Carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fibers have a CPI:DPF ratio of 6:1 to 14:1. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
A carded sliver, wherein at least 90% of the CA staple fibers have a shape factor of 1.0 to 1.5. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 32,
A carded sliver, wherein at least 90% by weight of CA staple fibers have a cut length of 10 to 150 mm. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 33,
Carded sliver, in which CA staple fibers are coated with a finish in an amount less than 2.0% by weight FOY on a dry weight basis. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 34,
Carded sliver, wherein the CA staple fibers are made from filaments having a strength of 0.9 grams/denier or more as measured according to ASTM D3822, or 0.9 grams/denier or more as measured according to ASTM D3822. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 35,
The carded sliver obtained from staple fibers prepared from filaments wherein the CA staple fiber has an elongation at break of 15% or more as measured according to ASTM D3822, or the sliver has an elongation at break of 15% or more as measured according to ASTM D3822. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 36,
A carded sliver having a fiber-to-fiber cohesive energy of at least 15,000 J or at least 20,000 J. A spun yarn obtained from at least one carded sliver that has been drawn, comprising:
At least one of the carded staple slivers comprises cellulose acetate staple fibers (CA staple fibers) having a circular shape, a denier of less than 3.0, and a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30, and the sliver is 0.2 to 1 or less. A spun yarn obtained from CA staple fibers having a softness value. The method of claim 38,
Yarn has a breaking force of at least 150 gN as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing (i) 100% CA staple fiber, (ii) 0.85 gF/denier as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing 100% CA staple fiber. Or (iii) at least 13% elongation at break as measured according to ASTM D2256 on a sample containing 100% CA staple fibers. The method of claim 38 or 39,
Spun yarn with a total denier of less than 300, and less than 4 twists per inch. As a fabric obtained from spun yarn,
Wherein the yarn is obtained from a carded sliver comprising CA staple fibers containing a plurality of spun finishes, the fabric does not contain a spun finish or contains a plurality of spun finishes less than the amount of CA staple fibers, and the CA The fabric, wherein the staple fibers are circular, having a denier of less than 3.0 and a crimp frequency per inch (CPI) of 5 to 30, and wherein the at least one carded sliver is made from CA staple fibers having a firmness value of 0.2 to 1 or less. The method of claim 41,
The CA staple fiber was 0.1 to 0.2 as measured according to ASTM D3412/3412M-13 using an input tension of 10 g on the filament used to make the CA staple fiber at a rate of 20 m/min per twist. A fabric having an untwisted fiber-to-fiber dynamic coefficient of friction (F/F CODF) of less than.

Images