KR20200062661A - Spindle of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a spindle device for a machining tool, capable of clamping or unclamping a coupling unit by enabling a combination part to press or release a second elastic part with oil pressure led in or discharged through a flow path part. More specifically, in order to prevent damage to a bearing caused by a load delivered to a rotating part when a coupling unit is clamped, instead of additionally installing a separate cylinder part and a flow path component for operating the separate cylinder part, a combination part presses a second elastic part with oil pressure led into the combination part while a moving part comes in contact with a stopper part such that power is applied in a direction opposite to the direction in which the combination part presses the second elastic part, which replaces the role of an existing cylinder part to protect a bearing part. In addition, a gap between the bearing part and the front end of a spindle is minimized to enhance the rigidity of the spindle and promote miniaturization, thereby expanding a processing area.

Description

Spindle device for machine tools

The present invention relates to a spindle device of a machine tool, and more particularly, as the coupling unit presses or releases the second elastic portion by hydraulic pressure flowing in or out through the flow path portion, the coupling unit is clamped or unclamped, in particular, a couple When the ring unit is clamped, the moving part and the stopper part are contacted to prevent bearing damage due to the load transmitted to the rotating part, thereby protecting the bearing part, minimizing the distance between the spindle tip and the bearing part, increasing the rigidity of the spindle, and miniaturizing it. It relates to a spindle device of a machine tool for enlarging the machining area by promoting.

In general, a machine tool is a machine used for the purpose of processing metal/non-metal workpieces in a desired shape and dimension using a suitable tool by various cutting or non-cutting methods.

Various types of machine tools, including turning centers, vertical/horizontal machining centers, door-type machining centers, Swiss turns, electric discharge machines, horizontal NC boring machines, CNC lathes, multi-task machines, etc. Is being used.

The multi-tasking machine of the machine tool means a turning center equipped with a multifunctional automatic tool changer (ATC) and a tool magazine that perform various types of machining such as turning, drilling, tapping, and milling. In the multi-tasking machine, the operator manually loads the tool for machining or installs the tool in the tool magazine when changing.

In general, various types of machine tools currently used have a control panel to which numerical control (NC) or computerized numerical control (CNC) technology is applied. This control panel is equipped with various function switches or buttons and a monitor.

In addition, the machine tool is a table on which the workpiece material is settled and transferred for machining, a pallet for preparing the workpiece before machining, a tailstock for supporting the workpiece or a rotating spindle, a workpiece, etc. And the like.

In general, in a machine tool, a table, a tool stand, a main shaft, a tailstock, and an anti-vibration tool are equipped with a transport unit that transports along a transport axis to perform various processing.

In addition, in general, a machine tool uses a plurality of tools for various processing, and a tool magazine or a turret is used in the form of a tool storage place for storing and storing a plurality of tools.

Such a machine tool uses a plurality of tools for various processing, and a tool magazine is used in the form of a tool storage place for storing and storing a plurality of tools.

In addition, in general, a machine tool is equipped with an automatic tool changer (ATC) for withdrawing or re-storing a specific tool from a tool magazine by an instruction of a numerical control unit in order to improve productivity of the machine tool.

In addition, in general, the machine tool is equipped with an automatic pallet changer (APC) to minimize the non-working time. The automatic pallet changer (APC) automatically exchanges pallets between the workpiece processing area and the workpiece installation area. The pallet can be equipped with a workpiece.

In addition, generally, machine tools are largely classified into a turning center and a machining center according to the processing method.

In general, a machine tool capable of realizing various machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling, tapping, and boring in one machine tool at a time is called a multi-task center or integrated mill turn center. By using such a multi-tasking machine, it is possible to reduce lead time, number of parts, workload, work space, etc., as well as improve productivity and precision.

For milling and turning operations in the milling spindle, the coupling unit must be unclamped and clamped correctly, and during milling, the coupling installed inside the spindle must be unclamped so that the tool can rotate. When working, the coupling installed inside the spindle must be clamped so that the tool is securely fixed for precise turning.

In order to enable turning in the milling spindle of a multi-tasking machine, the rotating shaft must be firmly coupled to the body of the fixed chain to protect it from impact or load on the bearing during processing.

As shown in FIG. 1, a coupling unit is used to protect the bearing unit. The coupling unit includes a fix unit 10, a spin unit 20, and a connection unit 30, so that the spin unit 20 is hydraulic oil. When the fix part 10 and the connection part 30 are fixed by operating by, the load is transmitted in the axial direction of the shaft part, and the load transmitted to the spin part 20 is transmitted to the bearing part.

In order to prevent the load transmitted to the bearing part, the spindle device of the conventional machine tool is further provided with a cylinder part 50 that operates in a direction opposite to the direction in which the spin part 20 is operated to protect the bearing part.

The spindle device of a conventional machine tool is additionally installed with the cylinder portion 50, and additional flow path configuration for driving the cylinder portion 50 is required, so that the cylinder portion 50 and the flow path are installed between the spindle tip and the bearing portion. There was a problem in that a small space was required to hinder the miniaturization of the machine tool, and even when manufacturing a spindle for milling, there was a problem in that unnecessary space was additionally left for turning option functions.

In addition, the spindle device of the conventional machine tool has a problem that the rigidity of the milling spindle is reduced accordingly, since a separate cylinder portion 50 is installed to widen the gap between the spindle tip and the bearing portion. There is a problem in that the quality of the processed product is deteriorated, such as generating a pattern on the workpiece due to vibration, and there is a problem in that the end portion of the spindle protrudes as much as a space in which a separate cylinder is installed, thereby reducing the processing area of the equipment.

Moreover, the spindle device of the conventional machine tool increases the number of parts constituting the cylinder part 50, and there is a problem of cost increase due to the increase in the number of parts, and the failure of the spindle device due to the operation error of the cylinder device 50 occurs. There was a problem that occurred.

In addition, the spindle device of the conventional machine tool is formed of a complex structure of the coupling unit, which causes malfunctions due to frequent clamping and unclamping operations, and the coupling unit wears or breaks due to malfunctions, causing inconvenience to users. There was

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2001-0068241 Republic of Korea Patent Registration Publication No. 10-0728282

The present invention is to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to drive a separate cylinder portion and a separate cylinder portion to prevent bearing damage due to the load transmitted to the rotating portion when the coupling unit is clamped Rather than additionally installing a flow path configuration, the moving portion contacts the stopper portion so that the force acts in a direction opposite to the direction in which the coupling portion presses the second elastic portion while the coupling portion presses the second elastic portion by hydraulic pressure introduced into the coupling portion. It provides a spindle device of a machine tool to protect the bearing part by replacing the role of the conventional cylinder part, thereby increasing the rigidity of the spindle by minimizing the distance between the spindle tip and the bearing part, and to increase the machining area by miniaturizing. Is to do.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention comprises a body part fixed and a shaft part rotatably installed inside the body part, and a bearing part installed between the body part and the shaft part, and A spindle unit having a flow path formed inside the body portion; And a coupling unit installed in the lower portion of the bearing portion in the body portion, wherein the coupling unit comprises: a fixed portion fixedly installed in the body portion; A rotating part connected to the shaft part so as to face the horizontal part spaced apart from the fixing part inside the body part; A coupling portion installed inside the fixing portion and the rotating portion within the body portion; And

A second elastic part installed between the fixing part, the rotating part and the coupling part; It includes and the coupling portion by the hydraulic pressure flowing in or out through the flow path As the second elastic part is pressed or released, the coupling unit may be clamped or unclamped.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the spindle unit, the moving portion is installed connected to the shaft portion above the bearing portion; And a stopper part installed between the moving part and an upper portion of the bearing part so as to be in contact with a part of the moving part.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the bearing portion, the first bearing portion is installed under the stopper portion; A second bearing portion installed below the first bearing portion to be close to the coupling portion; And a preload portion installed between the first bearing portion and the second bearing portion.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the preload portion, the housing portion; A first elastic part inserted and installed inside the housing part; And a cover part installed on the first elastic part to press or release the first elastic part.

Further, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, when the coupling unit is unclamped, the housing portion and the cover portion are formed to be spaced apart in the vertical direction, and the moving portion and the stopper portion It may be formed spaced apart in the vertical direction.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, when hydraulic pressure flows through the flow path portion, the coupling portion moves downward to press the second elastic portion while pressing the fixing portion and the rotating portion. And, the coupling unit may be clamped by moving the moving part in a downward direction as the moving part and the stopper part contact.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, when the hydraulic pressure is removed through the flow path part, the coupling part moves as the coupling part moves upward and releases the pressure applied to the second elastic part. The coupling unit may be unclamped as the pressure applied to the fixing part and the rotating part is released, and the moving part is moved upwards to move the moving part and the stopper part apart in the vertical direction.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the vertical separation distance between the housing portion and the cover portion may be formed to be larger than the vertical separation distance of the moving portion and the stopper portion.

The spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention does not require a separate space for installing an additional flow path for driving the cylinder portion and the cylinder portion to prevent the load transmitted to the bearing portion, thereby miniaturizing the machine tool, Even when manufacturing a spindle for milling, there is an effect of not having to leave extra space for turning option function.

In addition, since the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention does not have a separate cylinder portion between the spindle tip and the bearing portion, the gap between the spindle tip and the bearing portion can be reduced, thereby increasing the rigidity of the milling spindle. By minimizing the vibration of the spindle during processing, it is possible to improve the quality of the processed product by reducing the processing error that can be caused by the vibration of the spindle, and to continuously process the product of uniform quality. It has the effect of preventing the tip of the spindle from protruding and expanding the processing area of the equipment.

Furthermore, the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention can omit the number of parts constituting the cylinder part by removing the cylinder device, thereby reducing costs due to the reduction in the number of parts, and of the spindle device due to the operation error of the cylinder device. There is an effect that can reduce the failure rate.

In addition, the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention accurately implements the clamping and unclamping operations through the simple operating principle and structure of the coupling unit, thereby improving machining precision, reducing maintenance cost and time, and convenience for operators. There is an effect that can maximize

1 is a sectional view of a spindle device of a conventional machine tool.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the unclamping state of the spindle device of the machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a sectional view showing a clamping state of a spindle device of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 2.
5 shows an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of part C of FIG. 3.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings of a spindle device of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The embodiments introduced below are provided as examples in order to sufficiently convey the spirit of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below and may be embodied in other forms. And, in the drawings, the size and thickness of the device may be exaggerated for convenience. Throughout the specification, the same reference numbers indicate the same components.

Advantages and features of the present invention, and methods for achieving them will be clarified with reference to embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but will be implemented in various different forms, and only the present embodiments allow the disclosure of the present invention to be complete, and the ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is provided to fully inform the holder of the scope of the invention, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. The same reference numerals refer to the same components throughout the specification. The size and relative size of layers and regions in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation.

The terminology used herein is for describing the embodiments, and thus is not intended to limit the present invention. In the present specification, the singular form also includes the plural form unless otherwise specified in the phrase. As used herein, "comprise" and/or "comprising" refers to the components, steps, operations and/or elements mentioned above, the presence of one or more other components, steps, operations and/or elements. Or do not exclude additions.

1 shows a cross-sectional view of a spindle device of a conventional machine tool, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an unclamped state of a spindle device of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a clamping state of a spindle device of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 2, and FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of part C of FIG. 3.

Definitions of terms used below are as follows. "Horizontal direction" means the horizontal direction in the same member, that is, the X-axis direction in Figs. It means the axial direction, and the "width direction" means the vertical direction in the same member while being orthogonal to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. In addition, the upper (upper) refers to the upward direction in the "vertical direction", that is, the direction toward the upward of the Y axis in Figs. In FIG. 3, it means the direction toward the Y axis downward. In addition, the inside means the side relatively close to the center in the same member, that is, the inside in FIGS. 1 to 6, and the outside means the side that is relatively far from the center in the same member, that is, outside in FIGS. 1 to 6. In addition, the "tip of the spindle unit" means a downward direction in the vertical direction of the spindle unit, that is, the end portion of the lower Y axis in FIGS. 2 to 3.

A spindle device 1 of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6. 2 to 3, the spindle device 1 of the machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a spindle unit 100 and a coupling unit 200, and the coupling unit 200 is It includes a fixed portion 210, the rotating portion 220, the coupling portion 230 and the second elastic portion 240.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the spindle unit 100 includes a body portion 110, a shaft portion 120, a bearing portion 130, and a flow path portion 140.

The body portion 110 forms the outer shape of the spindle unit 100. The body portion 110 is fixed, and a rotatable shaft portion 120, a bearing portion 130, a flow path portion 140, and the like are installed inside the body portion 110, and the body portion 110 is installed internal parts. It acts as a cover to protect.

The shaft part 120 is rotatably installed inside the body part 110. A tool is coupled to the tip of the shaft portion 120. During milling (unclamping), the milling tool is coupled, and the coupling unit 200 must be unclamped in order for the milling tool to rotate together with the shaft portion 120.

In addition, when turning (clamping), the turning tool is coupled, and the coupling unit 200 must be clamped in order to perform such turning without turning or scratching. Although not necessarily limited thereto, the shaft portion 120 is coupled to the shaft portion 120 inside the drive motor or body portion 110 that is coupled to and installed on the shaft portion 120 outside the spindle unit 100. It is rotated during the processing of the tool by the built-in motor, and for this purpose, is rotatably installed inside the body portion 110.

The bearing part 130 is installed between the fixed body part 110 and the shaft part 120 rotatably installed inside the body part 110. The bearing part 130 serves to fix the shaft of the shaft part 120 to a certain position when the shaft part 120, which is a rotating body, rotates, and to support the load applied to the shaft of the shaft part 120. Although not necessarily limited to this, the bearing part 130 is smooth as it reduces frictional forces due to rotation applied to the body part 110, which is a fixed body that rotates the shaft of the shaft part 120, as shown in FIG. It can be formed of a ball bearing or the like so that the shaft portion can be rotated within the body portion that is fixed.

The flow path part 140 is formed inside the body part 110. The flow path portion 140 is formed through the body portion 110.

In addition, although not shown in the drawing, the flow path portion 140 is a hydraulic supply source such as a hydraulic pump or hydraulic tank that supplies hydraulic pressure to the flow path portion 140 for clamping (turning) and unclamping (milling), hoses, etc. It is connected and installed through the same piping, and various valves are installed on the piping. Through a numerical control device or PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), the hydraulic supply source supplies or recovers hydraulic pressure for clamping or unclamping of the coupling unit during line processing or milling, depending on the workpiece processing program.

Milling and turning may be performed through the coupling unit 200. That is, the coupling unit 200 must be unclamped as the tool should be rotated during milling, and the coupling unit 200 must be clamped as the tool must be fixed during turning. As such, in order to perform milling (unclamping) and turning (clamping) with one spindle unit 100, the clamping and unclamping operations of the coupling unit 200 must be repeatedly and accurately performed. do.

The coupling unit 200 is installed inside the body portion 110 and is installed below the bearing portion 130. That is, the coupling unit 200 is installed in the lower portion (downward in FIGS. 2 to 3) of the vertical direction Y of the bearing unit 130. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the coupling unit 200 includes a fixing part 210, a rotating part 220, a coupling part 230, and a second elastic part 240.

The fixing part 210 is fixedly installed inside the body part 110. More specifically, the fixing part 210 is located at the front end of the lower portion (the lower side in FIGS. 2 to 3) of the vertical direction Y of the body portion 110 to be located outside the center of the spindle unit 100. ) Is fixedly installed.

The rotating part 220 is installed to be connected to the shaft part 120 so as to face each other while being spaced apart in the horizontal direction (X) from the fixing part 210 inside the body part 110. More specifically, the rotating part 220 is spaced apart from the fixing part 210 and the horizontal direction (X) from the inside of the body part 110 so as to be closer to the center of the spindle unit 100 than the fixing part 210. ).

The coupling portion 230 is installed on the top of the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 inside the body portion 110. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the coupling portion 230 may include a chamber portion 231 capable of storing hydraulic pressure flowing through the flow path portion 140 inside the coupling portion 230.

Specifically, the coupling portion 230 is in contact with a part of the fixing portion 210 inside the body portion 110 so as to press the fixing portion 210, the upper portion of the fixing portion 210, that is, FIGS. At 3, it is installed above the vertical direction (Y). In addition, the coupling part 230 is not only in contact with a part of the fixing part 210, but also in contact with a part of the rotating part 220 so as to press the rotating part 230, the upper part of the rotating part 220, that is, FIGS. At 3, it is installed above the vertical direction (Y).

Accordingly, when hydraulic pressure is supplied through the flow path portion 140 (in the case of clamping), when the load and pressure are increased by the hydraulic pressure introduced, the coupling portion 230 is downward, that is, FIG. 2 to 3 is moved in the downward direction of the vertical direction (Y). Accordingly, the coupling part 230 first comes into contact with the rotating part 220 and then moves downward with the rotating part 220, and finally the coupling part 230 is brought into contact with the fixing part 210, and the coupling part ( 230) by pressing both the fixing part 210 and the rotating part 220, so that the rotating part 230 of the rotating chain is fixed to the fixing part 210 of the fixed chain, so that it can be precisely turned.

Conversely, when the hydraulic pressure is removed through the flow path portion 140 (when unclamping), when the load and pressure due to the hydraulic pressure introduced into the coupling portion 230 decrease, the coupling portion 230 is upward, that is, FIG. 2 In FIG. 3, the vertical direction Y moves upward. Accordingly, the coupling portion 230 is first spaced apart from the fixing portion 210 and then moves upward with the rotating portion 220, and the engaging portion 230 decompresses both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 By doing so, the rotating part 230 of the rotating chain is released from the fixed part fixing part 210 so that the rotating part 230 can rotate freely without interference of the fixing part 210, thereby milling without damaging each component of the spindle unit. To make it possible.

The second elastic part 240 is installed between the fixing part 210, the rotating part 220, and the coupling part 230. That is, the second elastic portion 240 is installed on the upper portion of the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220, it is installed on the lower portion of the coupling portion 230. 2 to 3, the second elastic part 240 is installed above the fixing part 210 and the rotating part 220 in the vertical direction Y, and in the vertical direction Y rather than the coupling part 230. It is installed at the bottom, and the upper part of the second elastic part 240 is defined by the coupling part 230 and the lower part of the second elastic part 240 by the fixing part 210 or the rotating part 220.

In addition, the second elastic part 240 is installed to be closer to the center of the spindle unit 100 than the fixing part 210, and is installed to be located outside the center of the spindle unit 100 rather than the rotating part 220. 2 to 3, the second elastic part 240 is installed on the right side of the horizontal direction X than the fixing part 210, and is installed on the left side of the horizontal direction X rather than the rotating part 240 as a whole. The left side of the second elastic part 240 is fixed by the fixing part 210, and the right side of the second elastic part 240 is defined by an installation space by the rotating part 220.

When hydraulic pressure is supplied through the flow path portion 140 (when clamped), the coupling portion 230 moves downward, that is, in the downward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3. Accordingly, since the coupling portion 230 presses the second elastic portion 240 installed below the coupling portion 230 downward, as a result, the second elastic portion 24 moves downward.

Conversely, when the hydraulic pressure is removed through the flow path portion 140 (when unclamping), the coupling portion 230 moves upward, that is, in the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3. Accordingly, the pressure applied to the second elastic portion 240 installed at the lower portion of the engaging portion 230 is reduced, and at the same time, the restoring force of the second elastic portion 240 itself is the second elastic portion. Referring to FIGS. 2 to 3, the direction in which the 240 presses the coupling portion 230, the second elastic portion 240 moves upward by acting upward in the vertical direction (Y).

In addition, the second elastic part 240 is not necessarily limited thereto, but may be formed in a spring having an elastic force, particularly a coil spring.

2 and 3, the spindle unit 100 further includes a moving part 150 and a stopper part 160.

The moving part 150 is installed on the upper part of the bearing part 130, and the moving part 150 is connected to the shaft part 120. The moving part 150 is installed on the upper part of the bearing part 130 (upper direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3) to prevent the installed bearing part 130 from being detached. In addition, since the moving part 150 is connected to the shaft part 120, when the shaft part 120 moves, the moving part 150 also moves at the same time.

Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped, the shaft part 120 moves upward (upward to the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3 ). , In this case, the moving part 150 is also moved upward in the same manner as the moving direction of the shaft part 120.

Conversely, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the shaft part 120 moves downward (in the downward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3), in this case, the moving part 150 also shafts It moves downwardly in the same direction as the moving direction of the unit 120.

That is, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped or clamped, the shaft part 120 may be repeatedly moved up and down in the vertical direction (Y), and the movable part connected to and installed in the shaft part 120 ( 150) is also installed so that it can be repeatedly moved up and down in the vertical direction (Y), like the shaft portion 120.

The stopper part 160 is installed between the moving part 150 and the upper part of the bearing part 130 and is installed to be able to contact a part of the moving part 150.

Although not necessarily limited thereto, the stopper unit 160 may be formed of a labyrinth structure to prevent operation errors from entering pieces of the work piece generated during the work process in the body part 110. have.

The stopper part 160 is installed in connection with the body part 110 which is a fixed chain, and is not installed in connection with the shaft part 120. Therefore, even when the shaft part 120 moves, It is fixed without any influence.

The stopper portion 160 is inserted between the upper portion of the bearing portion 130 and the moving portion 150 so as to be in contact with the moving portion 160. That is, a part of the upper surface of the stopper part 160 (the upper surface in the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3) and the lower surface of the moving part (the lower surface in the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3) It is installed so that some of them overlap each other in the horizontal direction (X).

Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2 to 3 and 5 to 6, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped, the shaft portion 120 is upward (in the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3 ). As the movement part 150 moves upward as it moves upward, the stopper part 160 connected to the body part 110, which is a fixed chain, is fixed without affecting the movement of the shaft part 120. As a result, the moving part 150 Since only 150 is moved upward, the stopper unit 160 and the moving unit 150 are spaced apart at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction (Y).

Conversely, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the moving part 150 moves downward as the shaft part 120 moves downward (downward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3). When the stopper part 160 connected to the body portion 110 of the fixed chain is fixed without affecting the movement of the shaft part 120, as a result, only the moving part 150 moves downward, so a part of the stopper part 160 Is in contact with the moving part 150.

That is, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped or clamped, the moving part 150 is repeatedly moved up and down in the vertical direction Y to be spaced apart at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction from the stopper part 160, or the stopper It is in contact with a portion of the portion 160.

The bearing unit 130 includes a first bearing unit 131, a second bearing unit 132 and a preload unit 133.

The first bearing portion 131 is installed at the lower portion of the stopper portion 160, and the second bearing portion 132 is installed at the lower portion of the first bearing portion 131 so as to face the first bearing portion and be spaced apart vertically. It is installed to be close to the coupling portion 230.

The preload part 133 is installed between the first bearing part 131 and the second bearing part 132. The preload unit 133 applies pressure so that the force acts in a direction opposite to the direction in which the shaft unit 120 moves to minimize the movement of the shaft unit 120 when the shaft unit 120 rotates. To be installed.

3 and 4, the preload unit 133 includes a housing unit 1331, a first elastic unit 1332, and a cover unit 1333.

The housing part 1331 forms the appearance of the preload part 133. The inside of the housing part 1331 serves to protect the first elastic part 1332 installed.

The first elastic portion 1332 is inserted into the housing portion 1331. In addition, the first elastic portion 1332 is not necessarily limited thereto, but may be formed in a spring having an elastic force, particularly a coil spring, so as to form a preload.

The cover portion 1333 is installed on the upper portion of the first elastic portion 1332, the first elastic portion 1332 installed in the lower portion in contact with the upper portion of the first elastic portion 1332, the upper cover is installed on the upper portion A preload is formed by maintaining the state of pressing the portion 1333 upward.

In addition, the cover portion 1333 serves to press or release the first elastic portion 1332 according to the unclamping or clamping operation of the spindle device 1 of the machine tool.

Referring to FIG. 4, a first elastic part 1332 is installed inside the housing part 1331, and a cover part 1333 is installed above the first elastic part 1332 to remove the cover part 1333. 1 The elastic portion 1332 is installed to be pressed or released vertically from the top of the first elastic portion 1332.

Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2 to 3 and 4, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped, the shaft portion 120 is upward (upward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3 ). As the cover portion 1333 is moved upward as it moves, the housing portion 1331, which is a fixed body, is fixed without affecting the movement of the shaft portion 120. As a result, the cover portion 1333 is moved upward, The housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 are spaced apart at a predetermined distance in the vertical direction (Y), and the spaced distance is set to act as a preload set by the milling process, so that the second elastic part is upward. By pressing the cover portion 1333 so that only a predetermined preload acts, so that the milling process can be precisely performed.

Conversely, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the cover portion 1333 is also moved downward as the shaft portion 120 moves downward (in the downward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIGS. 2 to 3). When the housing part 1331, which is a fixed body, is fixed without affecting the movement of the shaft part 120, as a result, only the cover part 1333 moves downward, so that the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 are perpendicular to each other. It is adjacent to (Y) and is spaced apart at a distance shorter than the distance spaced at a predetermined interval in the unclamping state, and as a result, the second elastic portion is fixed to press the cover portion so that the pressure is greater than a predetermined preload upward, turning processing. So that it can be precisely.

The coupling unit 200 may be unclamped or clamped to perform milling or turning, and in particular, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped, the shaft unit 120 may rotate without interference from other parts. To enable, the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 are formed to be spaced apart in a vertical direction at a predetermined distance, and the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are spaced apart in a vertical direction at a predetermined distance. Is formed.

Therefore, the spindle device of the machine tool according to the present invention prevents malfunction during turning or milling, performs milling during unclamping, and performs turning turning during clamping to prevent equipment damage or breakage, It can increase the life of the equipment.

The operating principle of the spindle device 1 of the machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6. First, the principle of clamping operation of the coupling unit 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 6.

First, as shown in Figures 3 and 6, when the clamping of the coupling unit 200 (at the time of turning), when hydraulic pressure flows through the flow path portion 140 into the coupling portion 230, the coupling portion 230 is The load and pressure are increased by the introduced hydraulic pressure, and while moving in the downward direction (in the downward direction of the vertical direction Y in FIG. 3 ), the second elastic portion installed at the lower portion of the coupling portion 230 is pressed downward. Accordingly, the coupling portion 230 is moved to the lower portion with the rotating portion 220 after being in contact with the rotating portion 220, the engaging portion 230 is in contact with the fixed portion 210 and the rotating portion 220, the engaging portion ( 230) by pressing both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 downward, the rotating portion 230 of the rotating chain is fixed to the fixing portion 210 of the fixing chain and clamped.

When the coupling unit 200 is clamped as shown in FIG. 3, the direction in which the coupling portion 230 presses the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 acts downward. Accordingly, the load is transmitted to the rotating unit 220 by the load transmitted to the center of the spindle unit 100 is transmitted to the bearing unit 130 to deteriorate the durability and precision of the spindle device 1 of the machine tool.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 6, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the moving portion 150 simultaneously moves when the coupling portion 230 presses both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 downward. It is configured to move in the downward direction so that the moving part 150 is pressed against the stopper part 160 so that the direction in which the stopper part 160 presses the moving part acts upward.

That is, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the stopper portion 160 presses the moving portion 150 in a direction opposite to the direction in which the coupling portion 230 presses the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 By removing the installation of a separate cylinder portion 50 and an additional flow path for driving the cylinder portion 50 to prevent the load transmitted to the bearing portion 130, the miniaturization of the machine tool is achieved, and the spindle unit ( 100) By reducing the distance between the tip and the bearing 130, the rigidity of the spindle unit 100 is increased, and the vibration of the spindle during processing is minimized to improve product quality and expand the processing area.

The principle of the unclamping operation of the coupling unit 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 to 5.

2 and 4 to 5, when the hydraulic pressure is removed from the coupling portion 230 through the flow path portion 140 during the unclamping of the coupling unit 200 (when milling), the coupling portion ( 230) while the load and pressure that were introduced are reduced and moved in the upper direction (upward direction of the vertical direction (Y) in FIG. 2), the second elastic portion 1332 installed under the coupling portion 230 is pressed downward. It will reduce the pressure you were doing. Accordingly, the coupling portion 230 moves in a direction away from the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220, so that the coupling portion 230 pressurizes both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 downward. By releasing, the rotating part 230 of the rotating chain is released from the fixing part 210 of the fixed chain to unclamp it.

In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the coupling unit 200 is unclamped so that the second elastic portion is coupled while the force of the coupling portion 230 pressing both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 downward is reduced. As the force pressing in the upper direction increases, the coupling part 230 moves in the upper direction, and at the same time, the first elastic part 1332 presses the cover part 1333 upward (preload), thereby generating a cover. The unit 1333 is configured to move upward.

That is, when the coupling unit 200 is unclamped, the second elastic portion 240 forces the coupling portion 230 upward, and the first elastic portion 1332 covers the cover portion 1333. Using a pressing force (preload), the direction in which the second elastic portion 240 presses the coupling portion 230 and the direction in which the first elastic portion 1332 presses the cover portion 1333 upward By making it the same, the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are spaced apart at predetermined intervals even if they do not require a lot of separate force and effort, so that the shaft part 120 can rotate without interference from other parts.

2 to 5, in the spindle device 1 of the machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, the distance L1 spaced apart in the vertical direction of the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 moves It is formed larger than the distance (L2) spaced apart in the vertical direction of the portion 150 and the stopper portion (160).

Specifically, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the cover portion and the moving portion move downward, and in this case, the coupling portion 230 is prevented to prevent the load transmitted to the bearing portion 130 as described above. When the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the moving part ( 150) and the distance (L2) spaced apart in the vertical direction of the stopper 160 is zero.

However, if the distance L1 vertically spaced between the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 is smaller, the distance L2 spaced vertically between the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 becomes smaller. In this case, the housing unit 1331 and the cover unit 1333 are already separated in the vertical direction before the coupling unit 200 is clamped to contact the stopper unit 160 and the moving unit 150 so that the distance of L2 becomes zero. Excessive pressure is applied over the distance L1 to cause excessive contact.

Accordingly, the coupling portion 230 excessively presses the rotating portion 220 in the downward direction, and as a result, the shaft portion 120 connected to the rotating portion 220 also excessively protrudes downward in the downward direction. The load is transmitted, which may shorten the life of the bearing or damage it.

Accordingly, when L1 is formed larger than L2 (L1> L2) so that the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the distance L1 spaced apart in the vertical direction between the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 is 0. Before the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are contacted and fixed, the distance L1 spaced apart in the vertical direction between the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 is no longer narrowed, so that the rotating part and the shaft part are prevented. To prevent excessive concentration of the load.

Without being limited thereto, the ratio of L2:L1 may be 1:1.5 to 3.

Specifically, when the ratio of L2:L1 is less than 1:1.5, when the shaft portion 120 expands due to heat generated when the shaft portion 120 rotates, the possibility that the L2 is formed to be larger than L1 is reversed. Thus, as described above, there is a problem in that shortening of the life of the bearing portion due to excessive protrusion of the shaft portion may occur.

Conversely, when the ratio of L2:L1 exceeds 1:3, the distance L1 spaced apart in the vertical direction between the housing part 1331 and the cover part 1333 is wider than necessary, and the cover part 1333 A portion of the first elastic portion 1332 that is contact-coupled to the lower portion of the housing is exposed without being protected by the housing portion 1331 more than necessary.

Accordingly, the space in which the first elastic portion 1332 can move without being guided by the housing portion 1331 is enlarged, and furthermore, when the shaft portion 120 is rotated, the first elastic portion is applied by the applied rotational force. In addition to being moved in the vertical direction in addition to being moved in the vertical direction, the first elastic part 1332 may be inclined or deformed by a force moving in the horizontal direction when it is used in such a state for a long time. There is a problem that can be damaged or damaged by repeated contact with the housing.

2 to 3 and 5 to 7, the spindle unit 100 of the spindle device 1 of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a pneumatic flow path 170 and a sensing portion can do.

Referring to FIG. 3, when the coupling unit is clamped (turned), the pneumatic flow path part 170 moves from the shaft part to check whether the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are normally in contact. It is formed through wealth.

Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 6, when the coupling unit 200 is clamped, the moving portion 150 simultaneously moves when the coupling portion 230 presses both the fixing portion 210 and the rotating portion 220 downward. By moving in a downward direction, the moving part 150 contacts the stopper part 160.

In addition, although not shown in the drawing, a sensing unit is installed outside the spindle unit 100. The sensing unit is not necessarily limited to this. It may be formed of an air gap sensor capable of injecting air.

As described above, when the moving part 150 contacts the stopper part 160, the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 contact the air supplied through the pneumatic flow path part 170 by supplying air from the sensing part. After spraying the portion, the sensing unit senses the pressure of the air in the portion where the moving unit 150 and the stopper unit 160 are in contact, thereby confirming the contact state between the moving unit 150 and the stopper unit 160.

That is, when the contact state between the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 is poor, a gap is formed in a portion where the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are in contact, and when the air flows out through the gap, The sensing unit senses the lowered air pressure and detects that the clamping state is unstable. On the contrary, when the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are in a normal contact state (the gap is in close contact), the sensing part senses the pressure supplied from the sensing part and the air pressure in an equal range, so that the clamping state is stabilized. Will be detected.

A pneumatic pump for supplying air pressure to the pneumatic flow path 170 or a pneumatic supply source such as a pneumatic tank and a pipe such as a hose are installed and connected, and various valves are installed on the pipe. Through a numerical control device (NC or CNC) or PLC, the pneumatic supply source supplies or recovers air pressure after clamping of the coupling unit during on-board processing according to the workpiece processing program.

The sensing unit detects the difference between the air pressure supplied through the pneumatic flow path 170 and the pneumatic pressure supplied by the pneumatic supply source, and confirms whether the moving part 150 and the stopper part 160 are normally in contact, thereby causing damage to the equipment or a workpiece. This damage can be prevented in advance, user convenience can be improved, and machine tool reliability can be improved.

In the detailed description of the present invention described above, the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art or those skilled in the art will appreciate the invention described in the claims below. It will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and technical scope. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be limited to the contents described in the detailed description of the specification, but should be defined by the claims.

1: Spindle device of machine tool,, 10: Fixing part,
20: spin portion, 30: connecting portion,
40: operating portion, 50: cylinder portion.
100: spindle unit, 110: body portion,
120: shaft portion, 130: bearing portion,
131: first bearing portion, 132: second bearing portion,
133: preload section, 1331: housing section,
1332: first elastic portion, 1333: cover portion
140: euro portion, 150: moving portion,
160: stopper portion, 170: pneumatic flow path portion,
200: coupling unit, 210: fixing part,
220: rotating part, 230: engaging part,
240: second elastic portion

Claims (9)

A spindle unit having a fixed chain body part and a shaft part rotatably installed inside the body part, a bearing part installed between the body part and the shaft part, and a flow path part formed inside the body part; And
It includes; a coupling unit installed in the lower portion of the bearing portion inside the body portion,
The coupling unit,
A fixing part fixedly installed inside the body part;
A rotating part connected to the shaft part so as to face each other while being horizontally spaced from the fixing part inside the body part;
A coupling portion installed inside the fixing portion and the rotating portion within the body portion; And
A second elastic part installed between the fixing part, the rotating part and the coupling part; Including,
Spindle device of a machine tool, characterized in that the coupling unit is clamped or unclamped as the coupling portion presses or releases the second elastic portion by hydraulic pressure flowing in or out through the flow path portion.
According to claim 1,
The spindle unit,
A moving part connected to and installed in the shaft part above the bearing part; And
And a stopper part installed between the moving part and the upper part of the bearing part so as to be in contact with a part of the moving part.
According to claim 2,
The bearing portion,
A first bearing part installed under the stopper part;
A second bearing portion installed below the first bearing portion to be close to the coupling portion; And
And a preload part installed between the first bearing part and the second bearing part.
According to claim 3,
The preload section,
Housing part;
A first elastic part inserted and installed inside the housing part; And
And a cover part installed on the first elastic part to press or release the first elastic part.
The method of claim 4
When the coupling unit is unclamped,
The housing portion and the cover portion are formed to be spaced apart in the vertical direction,
Spindle device of a machine tool, characterized in that the moving portion and the stopper portion are spaced apart in the vertical direction.
The method of claim 5,
When hydraulic pressure flows through the flow path portion, the coupling portion moves downward and presses the second elastic portion while pressing the fixing portion and the rotating portion, and moves the moving portion downward to contact the moving portion and the stopper portion. The spindle unit of the machine tool, characterized in that the coupling unit is clamped according to.
The method of claim 5,
When the hydraulic pressure is removed through the flow path portion, as the coupling portion moves upward and releases the pressure applied to the second elastic portion, the coupling portion releases the pressure applied to the fixing portion and the rotating portion, and the moving portion moves upward. Spindle device of a machine tool, characterized in that the coupling unit is unclamped as the moving part and the stopper part are spaced apart vertically by moving to.
The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
Spindle device of a machine tool, characterized in that the vertical separation distance between the housing portion and the cover portion is larger than the vertical separation distance of the moving portion and the stopper portion.
The method of claim 8,
The spindle unit
When the coupling unit is clamped, a spindle device of a machine tool further comprising; a pneumatic flow path portion formed through the moving portion in the shaft portion to check the contact state of the moving portion and the stopper portion.

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