KR20200049576A - Method and apparatus for allocating transmission opportunities in a vehicle network - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are an operation method of an end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network and an apparatus thereof. The present invention is characterized in that the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub-cycles #k among a plurality of sub-cycles is greater than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in consecutive sub-cycle #(k+1) by introducing a main-cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of N time slots. Accordingly, the performance of a vehicle network can be improved.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ALLOCATING TRANSMISSION OPPORTUNITIES IN A VEHICLE NETWORK}

The present invention relates to a communication technology in a vehicle network, and relates to a method of operating an end node in a vehicle network including an Ethernet-based network.

2. Description of the Related Art As electronic components of vehicles are rapidly progressing, types and numbers of electronic devices (eg, electronic control units (ECU)) mounted in vehicles have increased significantly. The electronic device can be largely used in a power train control system, a body control system, a chassis control system, a vehicle network, and a multimedia system. The powertrain control system may mean an engine control system, an automatic shift control system, or the like. The body control system may mean a body electronics control system, a convenience device control system, a lamp control system, or the like. The chassis control system may mean a steering device control system, a brake control system, a suspension control system, or the like.

Meanwhile, the vehicle network may mean a controller area network (CAN), a FlexRay-based network, a MOST (media oriented system transport) -based network, or the like. The multimedia system may mean a navigation device system, a telematics system, an information system, and the like.

These systems and electronic devices constituting each of the systems are connected through a vehicle network, and a vehicle network is currently required to support the functions of each of the electronic devices. CAN can support a transmission rate of up to 1 Mbps, and can support automatic retransmission of crashed frames and error detection based on CRC (cycle redundancy check). FlexRay-based networks can support transmission speeds of up to 10 Mbps, and can support simultaneous transmission of data through two channels and synchronous data transmission. The MOST-based network is a communication network for high-quality multimedia and can support transmission speeds up to 150 Mbps.

On the other hand, the vehicle's telematics system, information system, and enhanced safety system require high transmission speed and system scalability, and CAN and FlexRay-based networks do not fully support this. MOST-based networks can support higher transmission speeds than CAN- and Flex-ray-based networks, but it is expensive to apply MOST-based networks to all networks of vehicles. Due to these problems, an Ethernet-based network may be considered as a vehicle network. The Ethernet-based network can support bidirectional communication through a pair of windings and can support a transmission speed of up to 10Gbps.

One of the Ethernet protocols that the vehicle network can support may be 10SPE (single pair Ethernet). In the case of 10SPE where a plurality of nodes are connected, when a plurality of end nodes want to simultaneously transmit data packets to other end nodes, a collision may occur between different data packets in the PHY layer. A plurality of end nodes connected to the 10SPE network may use a PHY layer collision avoidance (PLCA) function to avoid collision of the PHY layer. The PLCA function means a function of sequentially giving a transmission opportunity to transmit data packets to a plurality of end nodes connected to a 10SPE network. The PLCA function can provide improved performance in a multidrop Ethernet network with a small number (less than 16) of nodes and low propagation delay.

Meanwhile, the current PLCA function uses a round-robin scheduling algorithm to ensure fairness. In this case, fairness can be ensured because all PHY layer nodes are provided with a transmission opportunity without exception, but an IVN (IN-Vegicle Network) perspective in which data must be urgently transmitted / received (for example, brake) or In the case where the airbag needs to operate), the current PLCA function may be difficult to apply.

An object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a method and apparatus for allowing a high priority end node to additionally have a transmission opportunity.

The operation method of the first end node constituting the Ethernet-based vehicle network according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a plurality of sub-cycles (sub-cycles) consisting of N time slots ) Receiving a beacon including first configuration information of a main cycle (main-cycle) from a second end node, the N time slots in sub-cycle #k among the plurality of sub-cycles Among them, the step of transmitting a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node and the N time slots in the sub cycle #k and the successive sub cycle # (k + 1) among the plurality of sub cycles And transmitting a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node among them, and the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub-cycle #k is the Broken cycle # is greater than the number of the end node having a transmission opportunity in a (k + 1), N is a two or more natural number, k may be characterized in that the natural number of 1 or more.

Here, the end node having the plurality of transmission opportunities may be characterized in that it is an end node having a high transmission priority.

Here, the beacon may include identifiers of end nodes performing signal transmission in the N time slots, and the transmission priority may be determined according to the values of the identifiers.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating the maximum length of the time slot, and the signal may be transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating a section in which the first setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section may be one or more beacon intervals.

Here, in the operation method of the first end node, when the main cycle is ended, the beacon including the second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of M time slots is the second. And receiving from the end node, wherein M is a natural number different from N.

Here, each of the one or more end nodes in the sub cycle # (k + 1) may have a plurality of transmission opportunities.

Here, among the plurality of sub-cycles, there is no time slot set for the first end node among the N time slots in the sub-cycle # (k + 1) and the successive sub-cycle # (k + 2). If not, it may be characterized in that the first end node does not transmit a signal in the sub cycle # (k + 2).

In addition, an operation method of a second end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network according to the present invention is a main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of N time slots generating first setting information of (main-cycle), transmitting a beacon including first setting information of the main cycle, and the N time slots included in each of the plurality of sub-cycles And receiving a signal from one or more end nodes, wherein the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub-cycle #k among the plurality of sub-cycles is a transmission opportunity in the sub-cycle # (k + 1). More than the number of end nodes having a, N is a natural number of 2 or more, k can be characterized in that a natural number of 1 or more.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating the maximum length of the time slot, and the signal may be transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating a section in which the first setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section may be one or more beacon intervals.

Here, in the operation method of the second end node, when the main cycle ends, generating a beacon including second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of M time slots And transmitting a beacon including the second setting information of the main cycle, wherein M is a natural number different from N.

In addition, a first end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network according to the present invention includes a PHY layer unit including a physical layer processor (PHY), a controller unit including a controller processor, and the PHY And a memory in which at least one instruction performed by each of the hierarchical unit and the controller unit is stored, wherein the at least one instruction includes a plurality of sub-cycles composed of N time slots. A beacon containing first configuration information of a main-cycle is received from a second end node, and the first of the N time slots in sub-cycle #k of the plurality of sub-cycles is received. Transmitting a signal in a time slot corresponding to an identifier of an end node, and between the sub-cycle #k and a contiguous sub of the plurality of sub-cycles The number of end nodes having transmission opportunities in the sub-cycle #k is executed to transmit a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node among the N time slots in the class # (k + 1). In the sub-cycle # (k + 1), more than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity, N may be a natural number of 2 or more, and k may be a natural number of 1 or more.

Here, the end node having the plurality of transmission opportunities may be characterized in that it is an end node having a high transmission priority.

Here, the beacon may include identifiers of end nodes performing signal transmission in the N time slots, and the transmission priority may be determined according to the values of the identifiers.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating the maximum length of the time slot, and the signal may be transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon.

Here, the beacon may further include information indicating a section in which the first setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section may be one or more beacon intervals.

Here, the at least one command, when the main cycle is terminated, the beacon including the second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of M time slots from the second end node And receiving, wherein M is a natural number different from N.

Here, each of the one or more end nodes in the sub cycle # (k + 1) may have a plurality of transmission opportunities.

Here, among the plurality of sub-cycles, there is no time slot set for the first end node among the N time slots in the sub-cycle # (k + 1) and the successive sub-cycle # (k + 2). If not, it may be characterized in that the first end node does not transmit a signal in the sub cycle # (k + 2).

According to the present invention, in an Ethernet-based (eg, 10SPE (Siggle Pair Ethernet)) network environment, a higher priority end node (eg, Brake, Airbag) may have more transmission opportunities. Through this, communication reliability may be improved in communication between nodes, and performance of a vehicle network may be improved.

However, effects that can be achieved by a method and apparatus for allocating transmission opportunities in a vehicle network according to embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned are described in the present invention from the following description It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art.

1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a vehicle network.
2 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of an end node belonging to a vehicle network.
3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of a vehicle network.
4 is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a 10SPE (single pair Ethernet) network belonging to a vehicle network.
5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a layer belonging to a vehicle network.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating an end node belonging to a vehicle network.
7A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle of an end node according to the first embodiment.
7B is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method of transmitting an end node in a transmission cycle according to the first embodiment of FIG. 7A.
8A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle of an end node according to the second embodiment.
8B and 8C are flowcharts illustrating a method of operating an end node according to the second embodiment.
9 to 14 are conceptual diagrams illustrating a case in which the number of end nodes is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, in a transmission cycle of an end node according to the second embodiment.

The present invention can be applied to various changes and can have various embodiments, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Terms such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components. For example, the first component may be referred to as a second component without departing from the scope of the present invention, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as a first component. The term and / or includes a combination of a plurality of related described items or any one of a plurality of related described items.

When an element is said to be "connected" or "connected" to another component, it is understood that other components may be directly connected to or connected to the other component, but there may be other components in between. It should be. On the other hand, when a component is said to be "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that no other component exists in the middle.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, terms such as “include” or “have” are intended to indicate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification exists, one or more other features. It should be understood that the existence or addition possibilities of fields or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof are not excluded in advance.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with meanings in the context of related technologies, and should not be interpreted as ideal or excessively formal meanings unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to facilitate the overall understanding in describing the present invention, the same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and duplicate descriptions for the same components are omitted.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a network topology of a vehicle network.

Referring to FIG. 1, an end node constituting a vehicle network may mean a gateway, a switch (or a bridge), or an end node. The gateway 100 may be connected to at least one switch 110, 110-1, 110-2, 120, 130, and may connect different networks. For example, the gateway 100 includes Ethernet (Ethernet) and an end node supporting a controller area network (CAN) (or FlexRay, media oriented system transport (MOST), local interconnect network (LIN), etc.) protocol. ) You can connect between switches that support the protocol. Each of the switches 110, 110-1, 110-2, 120, 130 may be connected to at least one end node 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 131, 132, 133. Each of the switches 110, 110-1, 110-2, 120, 130 can interconnect the end nodes 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 131, 132, 133, and the end connected to them Nodes 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 131, 132, and 133 can be controlled.

The end nodes 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 131, 132, and 133 may refer to an electronic control unit (ECU) that controls various devices included in the vehicle. For example, the end nodes 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 131, 132, and 133 are infotainment devices (for example, display devices, navigation devices, and around views). It may mean the ECU that constitutes a monitoring (around view monitoring device).

On the other hand, the end nodes (ie, gateway, switch, end node, etc.) constituting the vehicle network are star topologies, bus topologies, ring topologies, tree topologies, and meshes. It can be connected by topology, etc. In addition, each of the end nodes constituting the vehicle network may support the CAN protocol, the FlexRay protocol, the MOST protocol, the LIN protocol, and the Ethernet protocol. The embodiments according to the present invention can be applied to the network topology described above, and the network topology to which the embodiments according to the present invention are applied is not limited thereto and can be variously configured.

2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an end node constituting a vehicle network.

Referring to FIG. 2, each of the end node 200 and the plurality of end nodes includes a PHY layer unit 210 including a PHY layer processor 212 and a controller unit 220 including a controller processor 222. , At least one instruction performed by each of the PHY layer unit 210 and the controller unit 220 may be stored.

Also, the end node 200 may further include a regulator (not shown) that supplies power. At this time, the controller unit 220 may be implemented by including a MAC (medium access control) layer. The PHY layer unit 210 may receive a signal from another end node, or may transmit a signal to another end node. The controller unit 220 may control the PHY layer unit 210 and may perform various functions (for example, infotainment functions, etc.). The PHY layer unit 210 and the controller unit 220 may be implemented as one System on Chip (SoC) or may be configured as separate chips.

The PHY layer unit 210 and the controller unit 220 may be connected through a media independent interface (MII) 230. The MII 230 may mean an interface defined in IEEE 802.3, and may be configured as a data interface and a management interface between the PHY layer unit 210 and the controller unit 220. Instead of MII 230, one of RMII (reduced MII), GMII (gigabit MII), RGMII (reduced GMII), SGMII (serial GMII), and XGMII (10 GMII) may be used. The data interface may include a transmission channel and a reception channel, and each of the channels may have independent clock, data, and control signals. The management interface may consist of a two-signal interface, one for a clock and one for a data.

The PHY layer unit 210 may include a PHY interface unit 211, a PHY layer processor 212 and a PHY layer memory 213. However, the configuration of the PHY layer unit 210 is not limited to this, and may be variously configured.

The PHY layer interface unit 211 may transmit a signal received from the controller unit 220 to the PHY layer processor 212, and may transmit a signal received from the PHY layer processor 212 to the controller unit 220. The PHY layer processor 212 may control the operation of each of the PHY layer interface unit 211 and the PHY layer memory 213. The PHY layer processor 212 may perform modulation of a signal to be transmitted or demodulation of a received signal. The PHY layer processor 212 may control the PHY layer memory 213 to input or output signals. The PHY layer memory 213 may store the received signal and output the stored signal according to the request of the PHY layer processor 212.

The controller unit 220 may perform monitoring and control of the PHY layer unit 210 through the MII 230. The controller unit 220 may include a controller interface unit 221, a controller processor 222, a main memory 223 and an auxiliary memory 224. However, the configuration of the controller unit 220 is not limited to this, and may be variously configured.

The controller interface unit 221 may receive a signal from the PHY layer unit 210 (ie, the PHY layer interface unit 211) or a higher layer (not shown), and transmit the received signal to the controller processor 222 In addition, the signal received from the controller processor 222 may be transmitted to the PHY layer unit 210 or an upper layer. The controller processor 222 may further include independent memory control logic or integrated memory control logic for controlling the controller interface unit 221, the main memory 223, and the auxiliary memory 224. The memory control logic may be implemented by being included in the main memory 223 and the auxiliary memory 224 or may be implemented by being included in the controller processor 222.

Each of the main memory 223 and the auxiliary memory 224 may store a signal processed by the controller processor 222 and output a stored signal according to a request of the controller processor 222. The main memory 223 may refer to volatile memory (for example, random access memory (RAM)) temporarily storing data necessary for the operation of the controller processor 222. The auxiliary memory 224 is an operating system code (for example, a kernel and a device driver) and an application program code for performing functions of the controller unit 220, etc. This may mean non-volatile memory that is stored. A flash memory having a high processing speed can be used as a non-volatile memory, or a hard disc drive (HDD), compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) for storing a large amount of data, etc. Can be used. The controller processor 222 may typically be composed of logic circuitry including at least one processing core. As the controller processor 222, an ARM (Advanced RISC Machines Ltd.)-Based core, an atom-based core, or the like may be used.

3 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a topology of a vehicle network, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a 10SPE network belonging to a vehicle network topology.

Referring to FIG. 3, the vehicle network may include a plurality of Ethernet-based networks 320 and 330. The gateway 310 belonging to the vehicle network may support Ethernet-based network communication. The Ethernet-based network 320 includes switch # 1 (321), switch # 2 (322), end node # 1 (321-1), end node # 2 (321-2), and end node # 3 (321-3). ), End node # 4 (322-1), end node # 5 (322-1), end node # 6 (331), end node # 7 (332), end node # 8 (333). have. End node # 1 (321-1), end node # 2 (321-2) and end node # 3 (323-1) may be connected to switch # 1 (321), end node # 4 (322-1) And the end node # 5 322-2 may be connected to the switch # 2 322, and the switch # 1 321 and the switch # 2 322 may be connected to the gateway 310.

One of the plurality of Ethernet-based networks 330 may be 10SPE (10 Mbps single pair Ethernet). End node # 6 331, end node # 7 332 and end node # 8 333 connected in a 10SPE network manner may be connected to the gateway 310 through a bus method or a single line.

Messages based on the Ethernet protocol may be referred to as "Ethernet messages", and Ethernet messages may be referred to as "Ethernet frames", "Ethernet signals", "Ethernet packets", and the like. End nodes belonging to the Ethernet-based network (321,321-1,321-2,321-3,322,322-1,322-2,331,332,333) can perform communication using an Ethernet message, the communication between the Ethernet-based network and the gateway 310 also transmits Ethernet messages It can be performed using.

4, end nodes constituting a 10 SPE network may have a master-slave relationship. For example, one end node 410 of the end nodes constituting the vehicle network may be a master node, and the remaining nodes 420 and 430 except the master node may be slave nodes. have. The master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 may operate in a sleep state, and when a local wake-up signal or a remote wake-up signal is received, the master node 410 and the slave nodes ( The operating states of 420 and 430 may transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state.

10 The master node and the slave nodes 420 and 430 constituting the SPE network may refer to an ECU that controls various devices included in the vehicle. Each of the end nodes constituting the vehicle network may support the Ethernet protocol.

The master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 may be connected in a bus topology. The master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 may be connected by a power over data lines (PoDL) method through a pair of wires. The pair of wires may be wires connected to supply power to end nodes, or wires connected to transmit data packets between end nodes.

Among the end nodes constituting the 10 SPE network, the master node 410 may supply signals and power to wake up other slave nodes 420 and 430 through a pair of wires. In addition, the master node 410 may communicate with other slave nodes 420 and 430 through a pair of wires. The slave nodes 420 and 430 may receive a signal from the master node 410 through a pair of wires, and may transmit and receive data packets with other nodes through a pair of wires.

When a plurality of end nodes connected to a 10SPE network intends to simultaneously transmit data packets to other end nodes, collisions between different data packets may occur in the PHY layer. A plurality of end nodes connected to the 10SPE network may use a PHY layer collision avoidance (PLCA) function to avoid collision of the PHY layer. Here, the PLCA function may be a function of sequentially granting a transmission opportunity to transmit data packets to a plurality of end nodes connected to the 10SPE network.

5 is a conceptual diagram showing the layers of the Ethernet model.

Referring to FIG. 5, the Ethernet layer model may include a MAC layer and a PHY layer. The MAC layer of the Ethernet layer model may correspond to the data link layer 510 of the OSI reference model, logical link control (LLC) or other MAC client sublayer 511, MAC control (MAC control) sublayer 512 And a MAC sub-layer 513.

The MAC layer of the Ethernet layer model may be connected to the PHY layer through a reconciliation sublayer (RS) 521 and an MII sublayer 522. The RS 521 and the MII sub-layer 522 of the Ethernet layer model may correspond to the PHY layer of the OSI reference model. The RS 521 may perform a function of adjusting logical signal mapping between the MAC sublayer and PCS.

RS 521 may be a sub-layer that supports the PCLA function between the MAC layer and the PHY layer connected through the MII sub-layer 522. The RS 521 may adjust the mapping of signals between the MAC sub-layer and the PCS 523 during a predetermined time slot to prevent collision of the PHY layer due to transmission of a frame.

The PHY layer of the Ethernet model may correspond to the PHY layer 520 of the OSI reference model, and a physical coding sublayer (PCS) 523, a physical media attachment (PMA) sublayer 524, and a physical medium dependent (PMD) sublayer 525 and an auto-negotiation (AN) sub-layer 526.

The PCS 523 may acquire data from the MAC layer and perform line coding on data based on a network protocol (eg, transmission speed, etc.). The PCS 523 may transmit data resulting from line coding to the PMA sublayer 524.

The PMA sub-layer 524 may acquire data resulting from line coding from the PCS 523 and may convert the acquired data into physical signals. The PMA sublayer 524 may transfer data converted into a physical signal to the PMD sublayer 525. The PMD sub-layer 525 may acquire data converted to a physical signal from the PMA sub-layer 524, and may convert the obtained data to be suitable for a physical medium connected to the PHY layer.

The AN sub-layer 526 may be a sub-layer that sets an optimal transmission method between end nodes that transmit signals in a plurality of transmission methods. The AN sub-layer 526 may determine a single signal transmission method by compensating for a plurality of signal transmission methods. In addition, the AN sub-layer 526 may determine a master / slave relationship between a plurality of end nodes. For example, when a signal from another end node is received, the AN sublayer 526 may determine whether the end node that transmitted the signal is a master node or a slave node.

The PHY layer of the Ethernet model may be connected to a physical medium through a medium dependent interface (MDI) 527. The MDI 527 may receive a physical signal from the PMD sub-layer 525 and transmit the signal through a physical medium. The MDI 527 of the Ethernet model may correspond to the PHY layer 520 of the OSI reference model.

In the following, a method performed in an end node belonging to a vehicle network and a counterpart end node corresponding thereto will be described. Hereinafter, even when a method performed in the first end node (eg, transmission or reception of a signal) is described, a corresponding second end node corresponds to a method performed in the first end node (for example, For example, signal reception or transmission) may be performed. That is, when the operation of the first end node is described, the second end node corresponding thereto may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the first end node. Conversely, when the operation of the second end node is described, the corresponding first end node may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the switch.

Here, each of the plurality of end nodes may perform the following operation through at least one command stored in the memory.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating an end node belonging to a vehicle network.

Referring to FIG. 6, each of the plurality of end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may be connected to an Ethernet-based vehicle network. Each of the end nodes in the Ethernet-based vehicle network may be a master node or a slave node. Specifically, end nodes may be divided into a single master node and a plurality of slave nodes.

A PHY ID (identifier) that is a unique identifier of the PHY layer unit included in the end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may be set at the end nodes 410, 420, and 430. The ID of the PHY of the end nodes 410, 420, 430 may determine the master / slave relationship between the end nodes 410, 420, 430. For example, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may be determined as the master node 410, and an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may be determined as the slave nodes 420 and 430.

The controller unit of the end node that detects an event from the outside of the plurality of end nodes may transition the operation state from the sleep state to the wake-up state. The wake-up controller unit may wake up the connected PHY layer unit. The PHY layer unit of the wake-up end node (one of the master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430) may determine and perform an operation after wake-up according to the master / slave relationship of the end node.

In S601, the wake-up end node 420 may be a slave node whose PHY ID is not 0. The controller unit of the wake-up slave node 420 by detecting a local event may wake up the PHY layer unit. The slave node 420 that has not received the beacon from the master node 410 may maintain a standby state until it receives the beacon from the master node 410 (S602). When the wake-up slave node 420 does not receive the beacon, the slave node 420 may maintain a standby state until the master node 410 wakes up and transmits a beacon (S602).

The end node waked up in S603 may be a master node having a PHY ID of 0. The controller unit of the wake-up master node 410 may detect the event and transmit a wake-up signal to the PHY layer unit of the master node 410. The PHY layer unit of the master node 410 may receive a wakeup signal and wake up (S603).

In S603, the wake-up master node 410 may drive a beacon timer, and may generate a beacon signal (S604). The beacon generated immediately after the master node 410 wakes up at S603 (S604) may be referred to as a first beacon. The master node 410 may transmit the first beacon signal generated in S604 to the slave nodes 420 and 430 connected to the network (S605).

The slave nodes 420 and 430 may receive the first beacon from the master node 410 (S605), and the slave node 420 receiving the first beacon from the master node 410 may be included in the end node. A transmission opportunity counter may be synchronized (S606).

The PHY layer unit of the slave nodes 420 and 430 may calculate a transmission opportunity counter for determining whether a data packet transmission opportunity has been granted. The PHY layer unit of each of the slave nodes 420 and 430 may determine whether a transmission opportunity has been granted to the slave nodes 420 and 430 based on the calculated transmission opportunity counter.

When the slave nodes 420 and 430 receive the first beacon from the master node 410 and synchronize the transmission opportunity counter, the transmission opportunity counter of the end nodes 410, 420 and 430 may be set to 0 (S606) ). After the transmission opportunity counters of the master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 are synchronized, the master node 410 may end the beacon timer. When transmission / reception of the end node's beacon (or first beacon) is completed, a bus cycle in which end nodes 410, 420, and 430 connected to the network can transmit data packets may be started (S707). .

7A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle of an end node according to the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 7A, one transmission cycle may be composed of a plurality of time slots. The first time slot of the transmission period may be a time slot after the time slot 711 in which the master node transmitted the beacon. When one master node 410 and N slave nodes 420 and 430 are connected to the vehicle network, one transmission cycle includes N timeslots 711 and N times in which the master node 410 can transmit data. Since the slave nodes 420 and 430 include time slots 712 and? For transmitting data, a total of N + 1 time slots may be included. In one time slot, one end node can acquire a data packet transmission opportunity. An end node that has acquired an opportunity to transmit a data packet can transmit the data packet to another node.

The length of the remaining time slots other than the first time slot 711 in which the beacon is transmitted may be variable according to the operation of the end node that has acquired the transmission opportunity. For example, the time slot is started, and the time slots 712, 713, 722, and 724 of which there is no data transmission operation of the end node for a preset time may be a silence slot. The time slot is started and the time slot 725-1 where the end node is unable to perform the transmission operation due to transmission latency is waiting and may be an idle slot. The time slots 723 and 725-2 where the end node transmits data to other end nodes may be data slots, and the length of the data slots 723 and 725-2 may be proportional to the data length transmitted by the end node. Can be. The length of the transmission period may be variable according to the length of time slots included in the transmission period.

7B is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method of transmitting an end node in a transmission cycle according to the first embodiment of FIG. 7A.

Referring to FIG. 7B, the transmission period starts and the end nodes 410, 420 and 430 may maintain a standby state (S707-1). When the PHY layer detects a collision between two or more data packets, the master node 410 may end the transmission cycle and regenerate the beacon. The master node 410 may transmit the re-generated beacon, and the slave nodes 420 and 430 may receive the beacon from the master node 410. The slave nodes 420 and 430 receiving the beacon may re-synchronize the transmission opportunity counter.

The end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may determine whether a transmission opportunity has been granted based on the transmission opportunity counter (S707-2). The PHY layer unit of the end node may compare the transmission opportunity counter and the PHY ID of the end node (S707-2). The transmission opportunity counter may be the same value as the index of the time slot of the transmission period.

It is not possible to acquire the data transmission opportunity of the end nodes whose PHY ID and the number indicated by the transmission opportunity counter are not the same, and the PHY layer unit of the end nodes may maintain a standby state for a preset time. When the preset time has elapsed, the PHY layer unit of the end nodes that have not obtained the transmission opportunity may increase the number of transmission opportunity counters by 1 (S707-6).

The PHY layer unit of the end node having the same PHY ID and the number indicated by the transmission opportunity counter may acquire an opportunity to transmit data. The end node given the data transmission opportunity may determine whether there is a data packet to be transmitted to other end nodes (S707-3). Whether the data packet to be transmitted to other end nodes exists may be determined by the controller unit of the end node (S707-3). The controller unit of the end node may transmit a data packet to be transmitted to other end nodes to the PHY layer unit (S707-4).

The PHY layer unit of the end node that has obtained the transmission opportunity may transmit the data packet obtained from the controller unit of the end node to other end nodes connected to the vehicle network in S707-4 (S707-5). The PHY layer unit of the end node that has completed the data packet transmission may end the transmission opportunity. When the data transmission operation is completed, the PHY layer unit of the end nodes may increase the number of transmission opportunity counters by 1 (707-6).

A PHY layer unit of an end node that has acquired a transmission opportunity, but has no data packet to transmit to other end nodes (eg, has not acquired a data packet from the controller unit), transfers the data transmission opportunity to another end node. It can be done (S707-7). When the preset time has elapsed, the PHY layer unit of the end node performing the transfer opportunity transfer operation may end the transmission opportunity to end the data packet transmission procedure. When the data packet transmission procedure is finished, the PHY layer unit of the end nodes connected to the network may increase the number of transmission opportunity counters by 1 (S707-6).

The initial value of the transmission opportunity counter may be set to 0, and the maximum value of the transmission opportunity counter may be one smaller than the number of nodes provided in the communication network, which may be referred to as Max_ID. Therefore, when one master node 410 and N slave nodes 420 and 430 are connected to the network, from the master node 410 with the ID of the PHY layer to the slave node with ID of the PHY layer of N, Data transmission opportunities can be acquired sequentially. In addition, the end node that sequentially acquires an opportunity to transmit data may transmit data to other nodes. End nodes connected to the network may repeat the data transmission operation or the standby operation until the transmission opportunity counter is Max_ID.

The master node can compare the preset Max_ID with the transmission opportunity counter of the node (S707-8). If the transmission opportunity counter is not equal to Max_ID, the PHY layer unit of the end node having the same PHY ID as the number of increased transmission opportunity counters may acquire a data transmission opportunity. When the transmission opportunity counter is the same as Max_ID, the first transmission cycle may end (S608).

Referring back to FIG. 6, after the first transmission period ends, the master node 410 may generate a beacon (S610). The beacon generated after the first transmission period ends may be referred to as a second beacon. The master node 410 may transmit the second beacon generated in S610 to other slave nodes 420 and 430 connected to the network (S611).

The PHY layer unit of the slave nodes 420 and 430 may receive the second beacon signal from the master node 410 (S610). The slave nodes 420 and 430 may synchronize the transmission opportunity counter based on the received second beacon (S611). As a result of the synchronization operation, the PHY layer unit of the master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 connected to the network may set the transmission opportunity counter to 0 to synchronize the transmission opportunity counter (S611).

When the beacon timer of the master node 410 ends, and a beacon (or a second beacon) of the end node is transmitted and received, a transmission period may start (S612). Even after the transmission period started in S612 ends in S613, the master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430 connected to the network may repeat the transmission period.

8A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle of an end node according to the second embodiment, and FIGS. 8B and 8C are flowcharts illustrating a method of operating the end node according to the second embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 8A, one transmission period may be composed of a plurality of time-slots. The first time slot of the transmission period may be a time slot after the time slot 811 in which the master node transmitted the beacon. In one time slot, one end node can acquire a data packet transmission opportunity. An end node that has acquired an opportunity to transmit a data packet can transmit the data packet to another node. The length of the remaining time slots except for the first time slot 811 in which the beacon is transmitted may be variable according to the operation of the end node that has acquired the transmission opportunity.

When one master node 410 and N slave nodes 420 and 430 are connected to the vehicle network, the transmission cycle of the end node according to the second embodiment is such that a transmission opportunity is additionally given to an end node having high importance. can do. The smaller the PHY ID value assigned to the end node, the higher the importance of the end node, and the higher the importance of the end node may be connected to a brake, an airbag, and the like.

개의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다.The transmission cycle of the end node according to the second embodiment transmits a main cycle (800) composed of a plurality of sub-cycles (810, 820, 830, 840) to the end node periodically It can be an opportunity. When there are N nodes on the network, the sub-cycle may have N time slots excluding Beacon transmission slots. The main cycle may be a cycle in which (N-1) sub-cycles are formed. Shot by one main cycle

The number of transmission opportunities can be given to end nodes.

8A, 8B, and 8C together, an operation method of an end node according to the second embodiment will be described.

8A, 8B, and 8C together, each of the plurality of end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may be connected to an Ethernet-based vehicle network. Each of the end nodes in the Ethernet-based vehicle network may be a master node or a slave node. Specifically, end nodes may be divided into a single master node and a plurality of slave nodes.

The PHY layer unit of the end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may have a unique identifier, a PHY ID (identifier). The ID of the PHY of the end nodes 410, 420, 430 may determine the master / slave relationship between the end nodes 410, 420, 430. For example, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may be determined as the master node 410, and an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may be determined as the slave nodes 420 and 430.

The controller unit of the end node that detects an event from the outside of the plurality of end nodes may transition the operation state from the sleep state to the wake-up state. The wake-up controller unit may wake up the connected PHY layer unit. The PHY layer unit of the wake-up end node (one of the master node 410 and the slave nodes 420 and 430) may determine and perform an operation after wake-up according to the master / slave relationship of the end node.

The end node 420 waked up in S801 may be a slave node whose PHY ID is not 0. The controller unit of the wake-up slave node 420 by detecting a local event may wake up the PHY layer unit. The slave node 420 that has not received the beacon from the master node 410 may maintain a standby state until it receives the beacon from the master node 410 (S802). When the wake-up slave node 420 does not receive the beacon, the slave node 420 may maintain a standby state until the master node 410 wakes up and transmits a beacon (S802).

In S803, the wake-up end node may be a master node having a PHY ID of 0. The controller unit of the wake-up master node 410 may detect the event and transmit a wake-up signal to the PHY layer unit of the master node 410. The PHY layer unit of the master node 410 may receive a wakeup signal and wake up (S803).

The master node 410 waked up in S803 may drive a beacon timer and generate a beacon signal (S804). The beacon generated immediately after the master node 410 wakes up in S803 (S804) may be referred to as a first beacon. The master node 410 may transmit the first beacon signal generated in S804 to the slave nodes 420 and 430 connected to the network (S805). The beacon transmitted to the slave nodes 420 and 430 may include main-cycle configuration information including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of N time slots. In addition, the beacon may further include identifiers of end nodes performing signal transmission in time slots, and may further include information indicating the maximum length of the time slot. The signal transmitted by the end node may be transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon. In addition, the beacon further includes information indicating a section in which the setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section may be one or more beacon intervals.

The slave nodes 420 and 430 may receive the first beacon from the master node 410 (S805), and check configuration information of a main cycle included in the beacon. The setting information of the main cycle may include information on the number of sub-cycles constituting the main cycle, and information on the number of time slots constituting the sub-cycle. In addition, the slave node 420 receiving the first beacon from the master node 410 may synchronize a transmission opportunity counter included in the end node (S806). The end nodes 410, 420, and 430 may determine whether a transmission opportunity has been granted based on the transmission opportunity counter. The transmission opportunity counter may be the same value as the index of the time slot of the transmission period.

In any sub-cycle #k of the plurality of sub-cycles constituting the main cycle, the end node may transmit a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the end node among the N time slots in sub-cycle #k (S808-). One). Specifically, the end node may acquire a transmission opportunity when the identifier of the end node corresponds to the index of the time slot, and transmit a signal in the corresponding time slot. As an embodiment, the end node may acquire a transmission opportunity when the identifier of the end node and the index of the time slot are the same, and transmit a signal in the corresponding time slot. As another embodiment, the end node may acquire a transmission opportunity and transmit a signal in the corresponding time slot, even if the index of the end node and the index of the time slot are different, if the index of the time slot corresponds to the identifier of the end node . This is a method in which the second end node transmits a signal in the second time slot when the first end node transmits a signal in the first time slot of sub-cycle #k and the first end node determines that the transmission is complete. Can be. In the above manner, N end nodes in sub-cycle #k may transmit a signal in a corresponding time slot. When it is determined that communication has been completed in the Nth time slot of sub-cycle #k, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle #k has ended and determine that sub-cycle # (k + 1) is started.

In a sub-cycle # (k + 1) process, the first end node may transmit a signal in a time slot corresponding to the PHY ID of the first end node among the N time slots in sub-cycle # (k + 1). (S809-1). End nodes of sub-cycle # (k + 1) may determine, in sub-cycle # (k + 1), that there are multiple transmission opportunities, one transmission opportunity, or no transmission opportunity. An end node that does not have a transmission opportunity may not transmit a signal in sub cycle # (k + 1).

Therefore, the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle #k may be greater than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # (k + 1). This may be due to which end node has multiple transmission opportunities in sub cycle # (k + 1). An end node having a plurality of transmission opportunities may be an end node having a high transmission priority, and the transmission priority may be determined according to the PHY ID. The transmission priority may be higher as the PHY ID of the end node is lower. As an embodiment, an end node having a plurality of transmission opportunities may be an end node having a PHY ID of 0 or 1. Among the N time slots in sub-cycle # (k + 1) and contiguous sub-cycle # (k + 2), if there is no time slot set for the low-priority end node, the end node performs sub-cycle # In (k + 2), the signal may not be transmitted. Here, N may be a natural number of 2 or more, and k may be a natural number of 1 or more.

Since the main cycle is composed of (N-1) sub-cycles, when it is determined that communication is completed in the last sub-cycle # (N-1) in the main cycle, end nodes terminate the sub-cycle # (N-1). You can judge that. That is, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle has ended. In the last sub-cycle # (N-1) in the main cycle, only an end node having a PHY ID of 0 or 1 may have a transmission opportunity (S810-1).

개의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다.When the end nodes determine that the main cycle has ended (that is, when it is determined that the sub cycle # (N-1) has ended), a monitoring operation for receiving a beacon may be performed. For example, the first end node may receive a beacon including configuration information of a main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of M time slots from a second end node operating as a master node. The setting information included in the beacon may be different from the setting information included in the previous beacon. Here, M may be a natural number different from N. Subsequently, the end nodes can perform communication based on the configuration information included in the beacon, and perform communication in the same manner as described above. Meanwhile, the beacon contains a signal indicating the start of the main cycle.

The number of transmission opportunities can be given to end nodes.

9 to 14 are conceptual diagrams illustrating a case in which the number of end nodes is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, in a transmission cycle of an end node according to the second embodiment.

9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is one, that is, the number of PHYs is one. B represents a beacon, and each number represents a PHY ID of each end node. Referring to FIG. 9, when the number of end nodes is 1, only the end node having a PHY ID of 0 during the main cycle 900 has a transmission opportunity. When the number of end nodes is 1, the main cycle 900 may be composed of one sub cycle. That is, the main cycle and the sub cycle may be the same. Therefore, it can be said that a sufficient transmission opportunity is guaranteed to an end node having a high priority.

10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is two, that is, the number of PHYs is two. Referring to FIG. 10, when the number of end nodes is two, only the end node having a PHY ID of 0 or 1 in the process of the main cycle 1000 has a transmission opportunity. When the number of end nodes is 1, the main cycle 900 may be composed of one sub cycle. That is, the main cycle and the sub cycle may be the same. Therefore, it can be said that a sufficient transmission opportunity is guaranteed to the end node, which is considered to have a high priority.

11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is three, that is, the number of PHYs is three.

)의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다. 한편, 도 11에 도시된 X는 하나의 서브 사이클(1110, 1120)이 종료되는 시점이고, Y는 하나의 메인 사이클(1100)이 종료하는 시점을 의미한다.Referring to FIG. 11, it can be seen that the main cycle 1100 is started by the beacon transmission, and the main cycle 1100 is composed of two sub-cycles 1110 and 1120 having three time slots. Total 6 times through the main cycle 1100 (

) May be given to the end nodes. Meanwhile, X illustrated in FIG. 11 is a time point at which one sub-cycle 1110 and 1120 ends, and Y indicates a time point at which one main cycle 1100 ends.

In sub-cycle # 1 1110, three end nodes having PHY IDs of 0, 1, and 2, respectively, may be given a transmission opportunity in order. For example, the PHY ID of the first end node may be 0, the PHY ID of the second end node may be 2, and the PHY ID of the third end node may be 2. End nodes can receive the beacon from the master node, and can check the configuration information of the main cycle included in the beacon. Accordingly, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1100 including the two sub cycles 1110 and 1120 illustrated in FIG. 11 is set. The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1110. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1110. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1110.

When it is determined that communication is completed in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1110, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 1 1110 has ended. That is, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1120 is started. The first end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 2 1120. The second end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1120. The third end node may determine that there is no transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1120. Therefore, the third end node may not perform communication in sub-cycle # 2 1120.

 The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1120. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1120. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the first end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1120.

As such, in sub-cycle # 2 1120, the end node with the highest PHY ID (the end node with PHY ID 2) does not have a transmission opportunity, and the end node with the lowest PHY ID (end node with PHY ID 0). ) May additionally have a transmission opportunity. Accordingly, the number (3) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in subcycle # 1 1110 may be greater than the number (2) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in subcycle # 2 1120. Also, in sub-cycle # 2 1120, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may have multiple transmission opportunities (2 times).

When the number of end nodes is three, a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY ID of 0 in one main cycle 1100 may be three times, and a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY ID of 1 is two times. Can be. When it is determined that communication is completed in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1120, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1120 has ended. That is, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1100 has ended. In this case, end nodes may perform a monitoring operation to receive the beacon, and may receive the beacon by the monitoring operation. End nodes may perform communication based on configuration information included in the beacon. For example, end nodes can perform communication in the same way as described above.

12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is 4, that is, the number of PHYs is 4.

)의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the main cycle 1200 is started by the beacon transmission, and the main cycle 1200 is composed of three sub-cycles 1210, 1220, and 1230 having four time slots. Total 12 times through the main cycle 1200 (

) May be given to the end nodes.

In sub-cycle # 1 1210, four end nodes having PHY IDs of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, may be given a transmission opportunity in order. For example, the PHY ID of the first end node may be 0, the PHY ID of the second end node may be 1, the PHY ID of the third end node may be 2, and the PHY ID of the fourth end node May be 3. End nodes can receive the beacon from the master node, and can check the configuration information of the main cycle included in the beacon. Accordingly, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1200 including the three sub cycles 1210, 1220, and 1230 shown in FIG. 12 is set.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1210. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1210. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1210. When it is determined that the communication of the third end node is completed, the fourth end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1210. When it is determined that communication is completed in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1210, the end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 1 1210 has ended. That is, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1220 is started.

The first end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 2 1220. The second end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1220. The third end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1220. In addition, the fourth end node may determine that there is no transmission opportunity. Therefore, the fourth end node may not perform communication in sub-cycle # 2 1220.

 The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 2 (1220). When it is determined that the communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1220. When it is determined that communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1220.

As such, in sub-cycle # 2 1220, the end node with the highest PHY ID (the end node with a PHY ID of 3) does not have a transmission opportunity, and the end node with the lowest PHY ID (an end node with a PHY ID of 0). ) May additionally have a transmission opportunity. Accordingly, the number (4) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 1 1210 may be greater than the number (3) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 2 1220. Also, in sub-cycle # 2 1220, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may have multiple transmission opportunities (2 times).

When it is determined that communication is completed in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1220, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1220 has ended. That is, the end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 3 1230 is started. The first end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 3 1230. The second end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 3 1230. The third end node and the fourth end node may determine that there is no transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 3 1230. Therefore, the third end node and the fourth end node may not perform communication in sub-cycle # 3 1230.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 3 1230. When it is determined that the communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 3 1230. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the first end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 3 1230. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 3 1230.

As such, in sub-cycle # 3 1230, the end node with the highest PHY ID (the end node with the PHY ID 2) does not have a transmission opportunity, and the end node with the lowest PHY ID (the end node with the PHY ID 0). ) May additionally have a transmission opportunity. Accordingly, the number (3) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 2 1220 may be greater than the number (2) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 3 1230. Also, in sub-cycle # 3 1220, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 and an end node having a PHY ID of 1 may each have a plurality of transmission opportunities (twice).

When the number of end nodes is 4, a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may be 5 times in one main cycle 1200, and a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY ID of 1 may be 4 times. You can.

When it is determined that communication is completed in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 3 1230, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 3 1230 has ended. That is, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1200 has ended. In this case, end nodes may perform a monitoring operation to receive the beacon, and may receive the beacon by the monitoring operation. End nodes may perform communication based on configuration information included in the beacon. For example, end nodes can perform communication in the same way as described above.

13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is 5, that is, the number of PHYs is 5.

)의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 13, it can be seen that the main cycle 1300 is started by the transmission of the beacon, and the main cycle 1300 is composed of four sub cycles 1310, 1320, 1330, and 1340 having 5 time slots. have. Total 20 times through the main cycle (

) May be given to the end nodes.

In sub-cycle # 1 1410, five end nodes having PHY IDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, may be given a transmission opportunity in order. For example, the PHY ID of the first end node may be 0, the PHY ID of the second end node may be 1, the PHY ID of the third end node may be 2, and the PHY ID of the fourth end node May be 3, and the PHY ID of the fifth end node may be 4. End nodes can receive the beacon from the master node, and can check the configuration information of the main cycle included in the beacon. Accordingly, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1300 including the four sub cycles 1310, 1320, 1330, and 1340 shown in FIG. 13 is set.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310. When it is determined that the communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310. When it is determined that the communication of the third end node is completed, the fourth end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310. When it is determined that the communication of the fourth end node is completed, the fifth end node may perform communication in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310. When it is determined that communication has been completed in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1310, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 1 1310 has ended. That is, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1320 starts.

The first end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 2 1320. The second end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1320. The third end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1320. The fourth end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1320. In addition, the fifth end node may determine that there is no transmission opportunity. Therefore, the fifth end node may not perform communication in sub-cycle # 2 1320.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1320. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1320. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1320. When it is determined that the communication of the third end node is completed, the fourth end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1320. When it is determined that the communication of the fourth end node is completed, the first end node may perform communication in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1320.

As such, in sub-cycle # 2 1320, the end node with the highest PHY ID (the end node with PHY ID 4) does not have a transmission opportunity, and the end node with the lowest PHY ID (end node with PHY ID 0). ) May additionally have a transmission opportunity. Accordingly, the number (5) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 1 1310 may be greater than the number (4) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 2 1320. Also, in sub-cycle # 2 1320, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may have multiple transmission opportunities (2 times). In sub-cycle # 3 and sub-cycle # 4 where sub-cycle # 2 is terminated and performed, end nodes may have a transmission opportunity in the same manner.

When the number of end nodes is 5, a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY ID of 0 in one main cycle 1300 may be 8 times, and a transmission opportunity given to an end node having a PHY 1D of 1 is 6 times. You can. When it is determined that communication is completed in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 4 (1340), the end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 4 (1340) is ended. That is, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1300 has ended. In this case, end nodes may perform a monitoring operation to receive the beacon, and may receive the beacon by the monitoring operation. End nodes may perform communication based on configuration information included in the beacon. For example, end nodes can perform communication in the same way as described above.

14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a transmission cycle when the number of end nodes is 6, that is, the number of PHYs is 6.

)의 전송 기회가 엔드 노드들에게 부여될 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 14, it is understood that the main cycle 1400 is started by the transmission of a beacon, and the main cycle 1400 is composed of 5 sub-cycles 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, and 1450 having 6 time slots. 30 times through the main cycle 1400 (

) May be given to the end nodes.

In sub-cycle # 1 1410, six end nodes with PHY IDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, may be given transmission opportunities in order. For example, the PHY ID of the first end node may be 0, the PHY ID of the second end node may be 1, the PHY ID of the third end node may be 2, and the PHY ID of the fourth end node May be 3, the PHY ID of the fifth end node may be 4, and the PHY ID of the 6th end node may be 5. End nodes can receive the beacon from the master node, and can check the configuration information of the main cycle included in the beacon. Accordingly, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1400 including the five sub cycles 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, and 1450 shown in FIG. 14 is set.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that the communication of the third end node is completed, the fourth end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that communication of the fourth end node is completed, the fifth end node may perform communication in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that the communication of the fifth end node is completed, the sixth end node may perform communication in the sixth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410. When it is determined that communication has been completed in the sixth time slot of sub-cycle # 1 1410, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 1 1410 has ended. That is, end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 2 1420 is started.

The first end node may determine that there are two transmission opportunities in sub-cycle # 2 1420. The second end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1420. The third end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1420. The fourth end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1420. The fifth end node may determine that there is one transmission opportunity in sub-cycle # 2 1420. In addition, the sixth end node may determine that there is no transmission opportunity. Therefore, the sixth end node may not perform communication in sub-cycle # 2 1420.

The first end node may perform communication in the first time slot of sub-cycle # 2 (1420). When it is determined that the communication of the first end node is completed, the second end node may perform communication in the second time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1420. When it is determined that the communication of the second end node is completed, the third end node may perform communication in the third time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1420. When it is determined that the communication of the third end node is completed, the fourth end node may perform communication in the fourth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1420. When it is determined that the communication of the fourth end node is completed, the fifth end node may perform communication in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1420. When it is determined that communication of the fifth end node is completed, the first end node may perform communication in the fifth time slot of sub-cycle # 2 1420.

As such, in sub-cycle # 2 1420, the end node with the highest PHY ID (the end node with a PHY ID of 5) does not have a transmission opportunity, and the end node with the lowest PHY ID (an end node with a PHY ID of 0). ) May additionally have a transmission opportunity. Accordingly, the number (6) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 1 1410 may be greater than the number (5) of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub cycle # 2 1420. Also, in sub-cycle # 2 1320, an end node having a PHY ID of 0 may have multiple transmission opportunities (2 times). In sub-cycle # 3, sub-cycle # 3, sub-cycle # 4, and sub-cycle # 5 where sub-cycle # 2 is terminated and performed, end nodes may have a transmission opportunity in the same manner.

When the number of end nodes is 6, a transmission opportunity given to an end node with a PHY ID of 0 in one main cycle 1400 may be 10 times, and a transmission opportunity given to an end node with a PHY 1D of 1 may be 9 times. have. When it is determined that communication has been completed in the sixth time slot of sub-cycle # 5 (1450), end nodes may determine that sub-cycle # 5 (1450) has ended. That is, the end nodes may determine that the main cycle 1400 has ended. In this case, end nodes may perform a monitoring operation to receive the beacon, and may receive the beacon by the monitoring operation. End nodes may perform communication based on configuration information included in the beacon. For example, end nodes can perform communication in the same way as described above.

9 to 14 illustrate the case where the number of end nodes is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, even when the number of end nodes is N, end nodes have a transmission opportunity in the same manner. You can. The number of transmission opportunities (S) of the end nodes (PHY # 0, PHY # 1) having PHY IDs 0 and 1 in one main cycle may be as follows.

When N is 3, the number of transmission opportunities (S ₃ ) may be equal to the following [Equation 1].

[Equation 1]

When N is a natural number of 4 or more, the number of transmission opportunities (S _N ) may be equal to the following [Equation 2].

[Equation 2]

이고,

인 경우,

일 수 있다.In conclusion, when N = 3,

ego,

If it is,

Can be

이다.On the other hand, when a transmission opportunity is sequentially given to end nodes as in the prior art, the number of transmission opportunities (S) of the end nodes (PHY # 0, PHY # 1) having PHY IDs 0 and 1 within one main cycle (S _N ) may be as shown in [Equation 3] below. here

to be.

[Equation 3]

Therefore, when comparing the present invention with the prior art, it can be seen that the transmission opportunity of the end nodes (PHY # 0, PHY # 1) having PHY IDs 0 and 1 is increased by about 2.5 times as shown in Equation 4 below. .

[Equation 4]

The methods according to the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer readable medium. Computer-readable media may include program instructions, data files, data structures, or the like alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the computer-readable medium may be specially designed and configured for the present invention or may be known and usable by those skilled in computer software.

Examples of computer-readable media include hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as roms, rams, flash memories, and the like. Examples of program instructions include high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc., as well as machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler. The above-described hardware device may be configured to operate with at least one software module to perform the operation of the present invention, and vice versa.

Although described with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Will be able to.

Claims (20)

As an operation method of a first end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network (Network),
Receiving a beacon including first configuration information of a main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of N time slots from a second end node;
Transmitting a signal in a time slot corresponding to an identifier of the first end node among the N time slots in sub cycle #k among the plurality of sub cycles; And
Transmitting a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node among the N time slots in the sub cycle #k and the successive sub cycle # (k + 1) among the plurality of sub cycles; Includes,
The number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub cycle #k is greater than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub cycle # (k + 1), N is a natural number of 2 or more, and k is a natural number of 1 or more, Method of operation of the first end node. According to claim 1,
The end node having a plurality of transmission opportunities, characterized in that the high transmission priority end node, the operation method of the first end node. According to claim 2,
The beacon includes identifiers of end nodes that perform signal transmission in the N time slots, and the transmission priority is determined according to the values of the identifiers. According to claim 1,
The beacon further includes information indicating the maximum length of the time slot, and the signal is characterized in that it is transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon, the operation method of the first end node. According to claim 1,
The beacon further includes information indicating a section in which the first setup information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section is one or more beacon intervals. According to claim 1,
The operation method of the first end node,
And when the main cycle is ended, receiving a beacon including second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of M time slots from the second end node, wherein the M Is a natural number different from the N, the operation method of the first end node. According to claim 1,
In the sub-cycle # (k + 1), each of the one or more end nodes, characterized in that having a plurality of transmission opportunities, the operation method of the first end node. According to claim 1,
When there is no time slot set for the first end node among the N time slots in the sub cycle # (k + 1) and the successive sub cycle # (k + 2) among the plurality of sub cycles , Characterized in that the first end node does not transmit a signal in the sub cycle # (k + 2). A method of operating a second end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network,
Generating first setting information of a main-cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of N time slots;
Transmitting a beacon including first setting information of the main cycle; And
And receiving a signal from one or more end nodes in the N time slots included in each of the plurality of sub cycles,
The number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in sub-cycle #k among the plurality of sub-cycles is greater than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub-cycle # (k + 1), N is a natural number of 2 or more, k Is a natural number of 1 or more, the operation method of the second end node. The method of claim 9,
The beacon further includes information indicating the maximum length of the time slot, and the signal is characterized in that it is transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon, the operation method of the second end node. The method of claim 9,
The beacon further includes information indicating a section in which the first setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section is one or more beacon intervals, the method of operating the second end node. The method of claim 9,
The operation method of the second end node,
When the main cycle ends, generating a beacon including second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles composed of M time slots; And
And transmitting a beacon including second setting information of the main cycle, wherein M is a natural number different from the N, and the operation method of the second end node. A first end node constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network,
A PHY layer unit including a physical layer (PHY) processor;
A controller unit including a controller processor; And
And a memory in which at least one instruction performed by each of the PHY layer unit and the controller unit is stored,
The at least one command,
A beacon including first configuration information of a main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of N time slots is received from a second end node;
Transmit a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node among the N time slots in sub cycle #k among the plurality of sub cycles; And
Among the N time slots in the sub-cycle #k and the successive sub-cycle # (k + 1) among the plurality of sub-cycles, it is executed to transmit a signal in a time slot corresponding to the identifier of the first end node. ,
The number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub cycle #k is greater than the number of end nodes having a transmission opportunity in the sub cycle # (k + 1), N is a natural number of 2 or more, and k is a natural number of 1 or more, First end node. The method of claim 13,
The end node having a plurality of transmission opportunities, characterized in that the high transmission priority end node, the first end node. The method of claim 14,
The beacon includes the identifiers of end nodes performing signal transmission in the N time slots, and the first end node is characterized in that the transmission priority is determined according to the values of the identifiers. The method of claim 13,
The beacon further includes information indicating the maximum length of a time slot, and the signal is transmitted within the maximum length indicated by the beacon, the first end node. The method of claim 13,
The beacon further includes information indicating a section in which the first setting information of the main cycle is valid, and the valid section is one or more beacon intervals. The method of claim 13,
The at least one command,
And when the main cycle ends, receiving a beacon including second configuration information of the main cycle including a plurality of sub-cycles consisting of M time slots from the second end node. The M is a first end node, characterized in that the natural number different from the N. The method of claim 13,
Each of the one or more end nodes in the sub cycle # (k + 1) has a plurality of transmission opportunities, the first end node. The method of claim 13,
When there is no time slot set for the first end node among the N time slots in the sub cycle # (k + 1) and the successive sub cycle # (k + 2) among the plurality of sub cycles , Characterized in that the first end node does not transmit a signal in the sub cycle # (k + 2).

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