KR20200023864A - Viewing Angle Switchable Liquid Crystal Display Device - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device comprises: a backlight unit; a private film disposed in an upper part of the backlight unit, blocking light in a lateral direction, and passing light in a front direction of the light in various directions; a conversion panel using a plurality of liquid crystal capsules to pass the light in the front direction or to scatter the light in the front direction to emit the light in the various directions; and a liquid crystal panel displaying an image by using the light in the front direction and the light in various directions in a private mode and a share mode respectively.

Description

Viewing Angle Switchable Liquid Crystal Display Device}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device that can operate in a narrow mode of a private mode and a wide view angle of a shared mode.

In recent years, as the society enters a full-scale information age, a display field for processing and displaying a large amount of information has been rapidly developed, and various display devices have been developed and received much attention in response to this.

Specific examples of such display devices include liquid crystal display devices (LCDs), organic light emitting diode display devices (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), and field emission displays. A field emission display device (FED) can be cited, and these display devices are widely used with excellent performance of light weight, thinness, and low power consumption.

On the other hand, recently, a liquid crystal display device which operates in a private mode, which delivers an image only to a user without delivering an image to people around by using a private film, has been proposed. By blocking the light traveling to the side by using the only light passing through the front, only the user except the people can recognize the image.

However, the liquid crystal display using the private film can always recognize the image only from the front, so when the user wants to operate in the share mode (share mode) to watch the video with the people around, the liquid crystal using the private film There is a problem that the display device cannot be used.

Of course, even when the private film is attached to the top surface of the liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that the private film must be removed from the liquid crystal display device in order to use the private mode and then use the shared mode. In order to use the private mode, the private film should be attached to the liquid crystal display, but there is a problem that the attachment state is likely to be poor.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and by driving the switching panel including the liquid crystal capsule in a transmission state and a scattering state, the viewing angle switch type liquid crystal display is switched between the individual mode and the shared mode according to the user's selection It is an object to provide a device.

In addition, the present invention, by using a nano-sized liquid crystal capsule and a micro-sized liquid crystal capsule to drive the switching panel in the transmission state and scattering state, the viewing angle switch type liquid crystal display that the transmittance of the individual mode and the scattering degree of the shared mode is improved Another object is to provide a device.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention, the backlight unit; A private film disposed on the backlight unit and blocking the light in the lateral direction from the light in the various directions and allowing the light in the front direction to pass therethrough; A switching panel configured to pass the light in the front direction as it is or to scatter the light in the front direction by using a plurality of liquid crystal capsules and to emit the light in the various directions; According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display including a liquid crystal panel for displaying an image using light in the front direction and light in the various directions, respectively, in a personal mode and a shared mode.

The private film and the switching panel may be disposed below or above the liquid crystal panel.

In addition, the switching panel, the first substrate; First and second electrodes disposed on the first substrate and spaced apart from each other; The display device may include a liquid crystal capsule layer disposed on the first and second electrodes and including a binder and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in the binder and each having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules.

The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index of the binder is the same as the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the first and second electrodes In the power-off state in which no driving voltage is applied, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a vertical arrangement, and in the power-on state in which the driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a horizontal arrangement. Can be.

In addition, the abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, the refractive index of the binder is the same as the average refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules randomly arranged, the first and the In the power-off state in which no driving voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement, and in the power-on state in which the driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are horizontal. It can have an array.

The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index of the binder is the same as the abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the first and second electrodes In the power-off state in which no driving voltage is applied, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement, and in the power-on state in which the driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a horizontal arrangement. Can be.

The switching panel may include first and second substrates facing each other and spaced apart from each other; A first electrode disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate; A second electrode disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate; The display device may include a liquid crystal capsule layer disposed between the first and second electrodes and including a binder and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in the binder and each having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules.

The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index of the binder is the same as the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the first and second electrodes In the power-off state in which no driving voltage is applied, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement, and in the power-on state in which the driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a vertical arrangement. Can be.

In addition, the abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, the refractive index of the binder is the same as the average refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules randomly arranged, the first and the In the power-off state in which no driving voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement, and in the power-on state in which the driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are vertical. It can have an array.

The private film may include a transmission area for passing light in the front direction and a blocking area for blocking light in the lateral direction, and the switching panel may correspond to the transmission area and the blocking area, respectively. And a first area and a second area, wherein the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the first area have a nano size, and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the second area have a micro size.

The private film may include a transmission area for passing light in the front direction and a blocking area for blocking light in the lateral direction, and the switching panel may correspond to the transmission area and the blocking area, respectively. The first and second regions, wherein the density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the first region may be less than the density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the second region.

According to the present invention, the switching panel including the liquid crystal capsule is driven in a transmission state and a scattering state, and thus the switching panel can be driven between a personal mode and a sharing mode according to a user's selection.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of improving the transmittance of the individual mode and the scattering degree of the shared mode by driving the switching panel in a transmission state and a scattering state using a nano-sized liquid crystal capsule and a micro-sized liquid crystal capsule.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
3A and 3B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
5A and 5B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
6A and 6B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

Hereinafter, a viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display device 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a backlight unit 120, a private film 125, a switching panel 130, and a liquid crystal panel ( 160).

The backlight unit 120 supplies light in various directions including front and side directions necessary for displaying an image, and may include a fluorescent lamp or a light emitting diode.

The private film 125 is disposed above the backlight unit 120, and blocks light in the lateral direction and passes only the light in the front direction among light in various directions supplied from the backlight unit 120.

Specifically, the private film 125 includes a transmission area 125a for passing the light in the front direction and a blocking area 125b for blocking the light in the lateral direction, and thus the backlight unit 120. The light in various directions of the light passes through the private film 125 and becomes light in the front direction and is supplied to the switching panel 130.

The switching panel 130 is disposed above the private film 125, and transmits or scatters light in a front direction transmitted from the private film 125 according to the driving mode.

In detail, in the private mode in which the image is transmitted only to the user without transmitting the image to the surrounding people, the switching panel 130 has a transmission state that transmits the incident light as it is, and shares the image to the surrounding people and the user. In the share mode, the switching panel 130 has a scattering state in which incident light is scattered.

Accordingly, the light in the front direction of the private film 125 in the private mode passes through the switching panel 130 in the transmissive state, and then the light in the front direction (light of the narrow viewing angle) is maintained and transmitted to the liquid crystal panel 160. In the shared mode, the light in the front direction of the private film 125 passes through the switching panel 130 in the scattered state and becomes light in various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction (light of a wide viewing angle). Delivered to panel 160.

The switching panel 130 has a first region 130a corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and a second region 130b corresponding to the blocking region 125b of the private film 125. ), And the detailed configuration of the switching panel 130 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.

The liquid crystal panel 160 is disposed above the switching panel 130, and according to the driving mode, the light in the front direction (light in narrow viewing angle) or the light in various directions (light in wide viewing angle) transmitted from the switching panel 130. Display the image using.

That is, in the personal mode, the liquid crystal panel 160 transmits an image displayed by using the light in the front direction (narrow view angle) of the switching panel 130 in the front direction, and in the sharing mode, the liquid crystal panel 160 switches. The displayed image is transmitted in various directions using light of various directions (light of a wide viewing angle) of the panel 130.

Although not shown, the liquid crystal panel 160 includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate facing each other and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, the array substrate crossing each other to define pixels. It includes a thin film transistor connected to the gate wiring and data wiring, a gate wiring and the data wiring, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, the color filter substrate is a color filter layer consisting of red, green, blue color filter, gate wiring, data wiring and A black matrix corresponding to the thin film transistor and a common electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode may be included.

The transmission region 125a and the blocking region 125b of the private film 125 and the first and second regions 130a and 130b of the switching panel 130 respectively correspond to a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal panel 160. Can be.

The operation of the switching panel of the viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display will be described with reference to the drawings.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively, with reference to FIG. 1.

2A and 2B, the switching panel 130 of the viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 132 and a first substrate 132. It includes a liquid crystal capsule layer 138 disposed on the top.

In detail, the first substrate 132 may include a first region 130a corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and a blocking region 125b of the private film 125. The second region 130b may be formed, and may be made of glass or a flexible material such as plastic.

First and second electrodes 134 and 136 spaced apart from each other and each having a bar shape are disposed in each of the first and second regions 130a and 130b on the first substrate 132. The liquid crystal capsule layer 138 is disposed on the second electrodes 134 and 136.

Although not shown, between the first substrate 132 and the first and second electrodes 134 and 136, the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 are respectively connected to apply the first and second voltages. First and second wirings may be disposed, and an insulating layer may be disposed between the first and second wirings.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 138 includes a binder 140 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 dispersed in the binder 140. Each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144. do.

The thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 138 may be changed depending on the birefringence characteristics and the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal capsule 142. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 138 may be in a range of about 1 μm to about 6 μm. .

The binder 140 serves to disperse the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142. For example, the binder 140 may be transparent or translucent and may have a water-soluble, fat-soluble or water-soluble and fat-soluble mixed property.

The plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 are polymer capsules each having a diameter of several hundreds to several hundred nanometers, and are water-soluble materials such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly methyl methacrylate. It may be made of a fat-soluble material such as PMMA), and may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 320 nm, for example.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 may be formed of at least one of nematic liquid crystals, ferroelectric liquid crystals, and flexo electric liquid crystals.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 138 including the binder 140 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 may be formed without a separate alignment layer. As a result, the liquid crystal capsule layer 138 may be formed of the first and second electrodes 134 and 136. ) Directly.

Here, the extraordinary refractive index ne parallel to the long axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 is greater than the normal refractive index no parallel to the short axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144, The refractive index nb of the binder 140 is substantially equal to the normal refractive index (no) of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144. (ne> no to nb)

In the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 are initially arranged in a vertical direction parallel to the normal of the first substrate 132. (Initial vertical arrangement)

As shown in FIG. 2A, in a power OFF state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 134 and 136, a horizontal electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes 134 and 136. Not generated, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 maintain the initial vertical arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 receives the plurality of liquid crystal molecules ( It is felt that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 including 144 have a normal refractive index no.

In this case, since the refractive index (nb) of the binder 140 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 is substantially the same as the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144, the first light L1 in the front direction. ) Is not scattered at the interface between the binder 140 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 and passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer 138 as it is and is emitted from the conversion panel 130 as the second light L2 in the front direction.

Therefore, in the private mode of the liquid crystal display 110, the driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 of the switching panel 130, and the switching panel 130 is in the front direction. The first light L1 is transmitted as it is and is transmitted to the second light L2 in the front direction, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may not be transmitted to the surrounding people but only to the user. have.

As shown in FIG. 2B, in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 134 and 136, a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second electrodes 134 and 136. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 are converted into a horizontal arrangement different from the initial vertical arrangement and perpendicular to the normal of the first substrate 132, and the front surface of the private film 125. The first light L1 in the direction senses that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 including the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144 have an abnormal refractive index ne.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 140 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 is smaller than the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 144, the first light L1 in the front direction is Scattered at the interface between the binder 140 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 142 is emitted from the conversion panel 130 to the second light (L2) of various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction.

Therefore, in the share mode of the liquid crystal display device 110, a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 of the switching panel 130, and the switching panel 130 is in the front direction. A scattering state in which the first light L1 is scattered to emit the second light L2 in various directions, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted not only to the user but also to the surrounding people.

Meanwhile, in another embodiment, a liquid crystal capsule including an initial randomly arranged liquid crystal molecule may be driven by a vertical electric field, which will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3A and 3B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The configuration is the same as that of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, which will be described with reference to FIG.

3A and 3B, the switching panel 230 of the viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes first and second substrates 232 and 246 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. And a liquid crystal capsule layer 238 disposed between the first and second substrates 232 and 246.

In detail, the first and second substrates 232 and 246 correspond to the first region corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and the blocking region 125b of the private film 125. It may include a second region, and may be made of glass or made of a flexible material such as plastic.

A plate-shaped first electrode 234 is disposed on each of the first and second regions of the inner surface of the first substrate 232, and a plate shape is formed on each of the first and second regions of the inner surface of the second substrate 246. The second electrode 248 is disposed, and the liquid crystal capsule layer 238 is disposed between the first and second electrodes 234 and 248.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 238 includes a binder 240 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 dispersed in the binder 240, each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244. do.

The thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 238 may be changed according to the birefringence characteristics and the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal capsule 242. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 238 may be in a range of about 1 μm to about 6 μm. .

The binder 240 serves to disperse the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242. For example, the binder 240 may be transparent or translucent and may have a water-soluble, fat-soluble or water-soluble and fat-soluble mixed property.

The plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 are polymer capsules each having a diameter of several hundreds to several hundred nanometers (nanometer), and a water-soluble material such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly methyl methacrylate. It may be made of a fat-soluble material such as PMMA), and may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 320 nm, for example.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 may be formed of at least one of nematic liquid crystals, ferroelectric liquid crystals, and flexo electric liquid crystals.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 238 including the binder 240 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 may be formed without a separate alignment layer. As a result, the liquid crystal capsule layer 238 may be formed of the first and second electrodes 234 and 248. ) Directly.

Here, the extraordinary refractive index ne parallel to the long axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 is greater than the normal refractive index no parallel to the short axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244, The refractive index nb of the binder 240 is substantially the same as the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244. (ne> no to nb)

Accordingly, when the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 are randomly arranged, the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 is greater than the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 and the plurality of liquid crystals. It is less than the refractive index ne of each of the molecules 244. (ne> na> no to nb)

In the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 are initially arranged at random angles forming an angle with a normal of the first and second substrates 232 and 246. (Initial random array)

As shown in FIG. 3A, in a power OFF state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 234 and 248, a vertical electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes 234 and 248. Not generated, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 maintain the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is divided into the plurality of liquid crystal molecules ( It is felt that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 including 244 have an average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 240 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 is smaller than the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244, the first light L1 in the front direction is a binder. Scattered at the interface of the 240 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 is emitted from the conversion panel 230 to the second light (L2) of various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction.

Therefore, in the share mode of the liquid crystal display device 110, a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 234 and 248 of the switching panel 230, and the switching panel 230 faces the front direction. The first light L1 may be scattered to emit the second light L2 in various directions, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted not only to the user but also to others.

As shown in FIG. 3B, in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 234 and 248, a vertical electric field is generated between the first and second electrodes 234 and 248. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 are converted into a vertical arrangement different from the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is a plurality of liquid crystals. Many liquid crystal capsules 242 including molecules 244 are felt to have a normal refractive index no.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 240 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 is substantially the same as the normal refractive index ne of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 244, the first light L1 in the front direction. ) Is not scattered at the interface between the binder 240 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 242 and passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer 238 as it is and is emitted from the conversion panel 230 as the second light L1 in the front direction.

Therefore, in the private mode of the liquid crystal display 110, a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 234 and 248 of the switching panel 230, and the switching panel 230 is in the front direction. The first light L1 is transmitted as it is and has a transmission state emitting the second light L2 in the front direction, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted only to the user, not to the surrounding people. .

Meanwhile, in another embodiment, a liquid crystal capsule including an initial randomly arranged liquid crystal molecule may be driven by a horizontal electric field, which will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The configuration is the same as that of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, which will be described with reference to FIG.

4A and 4B, the switching panel 330 of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display 310 according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 332 and a first substrate 332. It includes a liquid crystal capsule layer 338 disposed on the top.

In detail, the first substrate 332 may include a first region corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and a second region corresponding to the blocking region 125b of the private film 125. It may include, and may be made of glass or made of a flexible material such as plastic.

The first and second electrodes 334 and 336 spaced apart from each other and having a bar shape are disposed in the first and second regions on the first substrate 332, respectively. The liquid crystal capsule layer 338 is disposed on the upper portions 334 and 336.

Although not shown, the first substrate 332 and the first and second electrodes 334 and 336 are connected to the first and second electrodes 334 and 336 to apply the first and second voltages, respectively. First and second wirings may be disposed, and an insulating layer may be disposed between the first and second wirings.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 338 includes a binder 340 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 dispersed in the binder 340, and each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344. do.

The thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 338 may be changed according to the birefringence characteristics and the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal capsule 342. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 338 may be in a range of about 1 μm to about 6 μm. .

The binder 340 serves to disperse the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342. For example, the binder 340 may be transparent or translucent and may have a water-soluble, fat-soluble or water-soluble and fat-soluble mixed property.

The plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 are polymer capsules each having a diameter of several to several hundred nanometers, and are water-soluble materials such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly methyl methacrylate. It may be made of a fat-soluble material such as PMMA), and may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 320 nm, for example.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 may be formed of at least one of a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a flexo electric liquid crystal.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 338 including the binder 340 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 may be formed without a separate alignment layer. As a result, the liquid crystal capsule layer 338 may be formed of the first and second electrodes 334 and 336. ) Directly.

Here, the extraordinary refractive index ne parallel to the long axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 is greater than the normal refractive index no parallel to the short axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344. (ne> no)

Accordingly, when the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 are randomly arranged, the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 is greater than the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 and the plurality of liquid crystals. The refractive index nb of the binder 340 is smaller than the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the molecules 344, and is formed to be substantially the same as the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344. (ne> na to nb> no)

In the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 are initially arranged at random angles forming an angle with a normal of the first substrate 332. (Initial random array)

As shown in FIG. 4A, in a power OFF state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 334 and 336, a horizontal electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes 334 and 336. Not generated, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 maintain the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 receives the plurality of liquid crystal molecules ( It is felt that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 including 344 have an average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 340 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 is substantially the same as the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344, the first light L1 in the front direction. The silver is not scattered at the interface between the binder 340 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 and passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer 338 as it is and is emitted from the switching panel 330 as the second light L2 in the front direction.

Therefore, in the private mode of the liquid crystal display 110, the driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 334 and 336 of the switching panel 330, and the switching panel 330 is in the front direction. The first light L1 is transmitted as it is and is transmitted to the second light L2 in the front direction, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may not be transmitted to the surrounding people but only to the user. have.

As shown in FIG. 4B, in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 334 and 336, a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second electrodes 334 and 336. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 are converted into a horizontal arrangement different from the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is a plurality of liquid crystals. A plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 including molecules 344 are felt to have an abnormal refractive index ne.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 340 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 is smaller than the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 344, the first light L1 in the front direction is Scattered at the interface between the binder 340 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 342 is emitted from the switching panel 330 in the second light (L2) of various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction.

Therefore, in the share mode of the liquid crystal display 110, a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 334 and 336 of the switching panel 330, and the switching panel 330 is in the front direction. A scattering state in which the first light L1 is scattered to emit the second light L2 in various directions, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted not only to the user but also to the surrounding people.

Meanwhile, in another embodiment, a liquid crystal capsule including an initial randomly arranged liquid crystal molecule may be driven by a vertical electric field, which will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

5A and 5B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The configuration is the same as that of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, which will be described with reference to FIG.

5A and 5B, the switching panel 430 of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes first and second substrates 432 and 446 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. And a liquid crystal capsule layer 438 disposed between the first and second substrates 432 and 446.

In detail, the first and second substrates 432 and 446 correspond to the first region corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and the blocking region 125b of the private film 125. It may include a second region, and may be made of glass or made of a flexible material such as plastic.

A plate-shaped first electrode 434 is disposed in each of the first and second regions of the inner surface of the first substrate 432, and a plate shape is formed in each of the first and second regions of the inner surface of the second substrate 446. The second electrode 448 is disposed, and the liquid crystal capsule layer 438 is disposed between the first and second electrodes 434 and 448.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 438 includes a binder 440 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 dispersed in the binder 440, each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444. do.

The thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 438 may be changed according to the birefringence characteristics and the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal capsule 442. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 438 may be in a range of about 1 μm to about 6 μm. .

The binder 440 serves to disperse the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442. For example, the binder 440 may be transparent or translucent, and may have a water-soluble, fat-soluble or water-soluble and fat-soluble mixed property.

The plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 are polymer capsules each having a diameter of several hundreds to several hundred nanometers, and are water-soluble materials such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly methyl methacrylate. It may be made of a fat-soluble material such as PMMA), and may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 320 nm, for example.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 may be formed of at least one of a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a flexo electric liquid crystal.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 438 including the binder 440 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 may be formed without a separate alignment layer. As a result, the liquid crystal capsule layer 438 is formed of the first and second electrodes 434 and 448. ) Directly.

Here, the extraordinary refractive index ne parallel to the long axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 is greater than the normal refractive index no parallel to the short axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444. (ne> no)

Accordingly, when the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 are randomly arranged, the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 is greater than the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 and the plurality of liquid crystals. The refractive index nb of the binder 440 is smaller than the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the molecules 444, and is formed to be substantially the same as the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444. (ne> na to nb> no)

In the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 are initially randomly arranged to form an arbitrary angle with the normals of the first and second substrates 432 and 446. (Initial random array)

As shown in FIG. 5A, in a power OFF state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 434 and 448, a vertical electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes 434 and 448. Not generated, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 maintain the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is divided into the plurality of liquid crystal molecules ( It is felt that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 including 444 have an average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 440 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 is substantially the same as the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444, the first light L1 in the front direction. The silver binder 240 is not scattered at the interface between the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 and passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer 438 as it is and is emitted from the switching panel 430 as the second light L2 in the front direction.

Therefore, in the private mode of the liquid crystal display 110, the driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 434 and 448 of the switching panel 430, and the switching panel 430 is in the front direction. The first light L1 is transmitted as it is and is transmitted to the second light L2 in the front direction, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may not be transmitted to the surrounding people but only to the user. have.

As shown in FIG. 5B, in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 434 and 448, a vertical electric field is generated between the first and second electrodes 434 and 448. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 are converted into a vertical arrangement different from the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is a plurality of liquid crystals. Many liquid crystal capsules 442 comprising molecules 444 are felt to have a normal refractive index no.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 440 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 is greater than the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 444, the first light L1 in the front direction is Scattered at the interface between the binder 440 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 442 is emitted from the conversion panel 430 to the second light (L2) of various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction.

Therefore, in the share mode of the liquid crystal display 110, a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 434 and 448 of the switching panel 430, and the switching panel 430 is in the front direction. A scattering state in which the first light L1 is scattered to emit the second light L2 in various directions, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted not only to the user but also to the surrounding people.

Meanwhile, in another embodiment, a liquid crystal capsule including an initial randomly arranged liquid crystal molecule may be driven by a horizontal electric field, which will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

6A and 6B are cross-sectional views illustrating a power-off state and a power-on state of the switching panel of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The configuration is the same as that of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, which will be described with reference to FIG.

6A and 6B, the switching panel 530 of the viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display 510 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 532 and a first substrate 532. It includes a liquid crystal capsule layer 538 disposed on the top.

In detail, the first substrate 532 may include a first region corresponding to the transmission region 125a of the private film 125 and a second region corresponding to the blocking region 125b of the private film 125. It may include, and may be made of glass or made of a flexible material such as plastic.

First and second electrodes 534 and 536 spaced apart from each other and having a bar shape are disposed in the first and second regions on the first substrate 532, respectively. The liquid crystal capsule layer 538 is disposed on the upper portions 534 and 536.

Although not shown, the first substrate 532 and the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 are connected to the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 to apply the first and second voltages, respectively. First and second wirings may be disposed, and an insulating layer may be disposed between the first and second wirings.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 538 includes a binder 540 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 dispersed in the binder 540, wherein each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544. do.

The thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 538 may be changed according to the birefringence characteristics and the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal capsule 542. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal capsule layer 538 may be in a range of about 1 μm to about 6 μm. .

The binder 540 serves to disperse the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542. For example, the binder 540 may be transparent or translucent, and may have a water-soluble, fat-soluble or water-soluble and fat-soluble mixed property.

The plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 are polymer capsules each having a diameter of several to several hundred nanometers, and are water-soluble materials such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly methyl methacrylate. It may be made of a fat-soluble material, such as PMMA), and may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 320 nm, for example.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 may be formed of at least one of a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a flexo electric liquid crystal.

The liquid crystal capsule layer 538 including the binder 540 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 may be formed without a separate alignment layer. As a result, the liquid crystal capsule layer 538 may be formed of the first and second electrodes 534 and 536. ) Directly.

Here, the extraordinary refractive index ne parallel to the long axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 is larger than the normal refractive index no parallel to the short axis of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544, The refractive index nb of the binder 540 is substantially the same as the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544. (ne ~ nb> no)

Accordingly, when the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 are randomly arranged, the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 is greater than the normal refractive index no of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 and the plurality of liquid crystals. It is less than the refractive index ne of each of the molecules 544. (ne ~ nb> na> no)

In the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 are initially arranged randomly at an angle with a normal of the first substrate 532. (Initial random array)

As shown in FIG. 6A, in a power OFF state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 534 and 536, a horizontal electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes 534 and 536. Not generated, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 maintains an initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 generates a plurality of liquid crystal molecules ( It is felt that the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 including 544 have an average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 540 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 is larger than the average refractive index na of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544, the first light L1 in the front direction is a binder. Scattered from the interface of the 540 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 is emitted from the switching panel 530 to the second light (L2) of various directions including the front direction and the lateral direction.

Therefore, in the share mode of the liquid crystal display device 110, the driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 of the switching panel 530, and the switching panel 530 faces the front direction. The first light L1 may be scattered to emit the second light L2 in various directions, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted not only to the user but also to others.

As shown in FIG. 6B, in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 534 and 536, a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second electrodes 534 and 536. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544 in the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 are converted into a horizontal arrangement different from the initial random arrangement, and the first light L1 in the front direction of the private film 125 is a plurality of liquid crystals. A plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 including molecules 544 are felt to have an abnormal refractive index ne.

In this case, since the refractive index nb of the binder 540 surrounding the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 is substantially the same as the abnormal refractive index ne of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 544, the first light L1 in the front direction. ) Is not scattered at the interface between the binder 540 and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 542 and passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer 538 as it is and is emitted from the switching panel 530 as the second light L2 in the front direction.

Therefore, in the private mode of the liquid crystal display 110, a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 of the switching panel 530, and the switching panel 530 is in the front direction. The first light L1 is transmitted as it is and is transmitted to the second light L2 in the front direction, and the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 110 may be transmitted only to the user, not to the surrounding people. .

Meanwhile, in the first to fifth embodiments, the magnitude of the driving voltage applied to the first and second electrodes in the first and second regions 130a and 130b of the switching panel and the separation distance between the first and second electrodes are shown. Although the same is illustrated as an example, in another embodiment, the magnitude of the driving voltage applied to the first and second electrodes in the first and second regions 130a and 130b of the switching panel and the separation between the first and second electrodes. By controlling the distance differently, the intensity of the electric field in the first and second regions 130a and 130b is different. In the first region 130a, the refractive index variation between the binder and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules is minimized and the second region ( In 130b), the refractive index variation between the binder and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules is maximized, thereby improving transmittance in the individual mode and scattering degree in the shared mode.

For example, in the switching panels 130 and 330 of the first and third embodiments, the driving voltages of the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 and 334 and 336 in the second region 130b may be reduced. The driving voltage of the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 and 334 and 336 in the first region 130a may be set to be greater than the driving voltage of the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 and the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 in the second region 130b. The scattering degree in shared mode is set by setting the separation distance between 334 and 336 to be smaller than the separation distance between the first and second electrodes 134 and 136 and 334 and 336 in the first region 130a. Can be improved.

In the switching panel 230 of the second embodiment, the driving voltages of the first and second electrodes 234 and 248 in the first region 130a are converted into the first and second electrodes 234 in the second region 130b. 248, the transmittance in the personal mode can be improved. In the switching panel 430 of the fourth embodiment, the first and second electrodes 434, By setting the driving voltage of 448 to greater than the driving voltages of the first and second electrodes 434 and 448 in the first region 130a, the scattering degree in the shared mode can be improved.

In the switching panel 530 of the fifth embodiment, the driving voltages of the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 in the first region 130a are converted into the first and second electrodes 534 in the second region 130b. 536 may be set larger than the driving voltage, or the separation distance between the first and second electrodes 534 and 536 in the first region 130a may be set to the first and second electrodes in the second region 130b. By setting smaller than the separation distance between 534, 536, the transmittance in the individual mode can be improved.

In the first to fifth embodiments, a plurality of liquid crystal capsules in the first and second regions 130a and 130b of the switching panel have been configured as the same type. The first region 130a is formed of a nano-sized liquid crystal capsule smaller than the visible light wavelength to improve transmittance in the individual mode, and the second region 130b of the switching panel corresponds to the visible light wavelength. It is possible to improve the scattering degree in the shared mode by configuring the liquid crystal capsule of micro size).

For example, in the switching panels 130, 230, 330, 430, and 530 of the first to fifth embodiments, the first region 130a is formed of a nano-sized liquid crystal capsule to minimize scattering of visible light. In this case, the transmittance in the individual mode can be improved, and the scattering degree in the shared mode can be improved by maximizing scattering of visible light by configuring the second region 130b as a micro-sized liquid crystal capsule.

In addition, in the first to fifth embodiments, the density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules in the first and second regions 130a and 130b of the switching panel is the same, but in another embodiment, the first region of the switching panel ( The transmittance in the individual mode by making the density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules relatively small (ie, making the density of the liquid crystal capsule of the first region 130a smaller than that of the liquid crystal capsule of the second region 130b) at 130a). And the density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules in the second region 130b of the switching panel is relatively increased (that is, the density of the liquid crystal capsules in the second region 130b is increased in the liquid crystal capsules of the first region 130a). It is possible to improve the scattering degree in the shared mode by making it larger than the density of.

For example, in the switching panels 130, 230, 330, 430, and 530 of the first to fifth embodiments, the first region 130a is formed of a relatively low density liquid crystal capsule, so that scattering of visible light is achieved. By minimizing, the transmittance in the individual mode can be improved, and the scattering in the shared mode can be improved by maximizing scattering of visible light by configuring the second region 130b as a relatively high density liquid crystal capsule. .

In this case, the liquid crystal capsule layer is formed using an inkjet method, so that the first and second regions 130a and 130b are composed of nano-sized liquid crystal capsules and micro-sized liquid crystal capsules, or the first region 130a. The density of the liquid crystal capsule of) may be smaller than the density of the liquid crystal capsule of the second region 130b.

In the first to fifth embodiments, the private film, the switching panel, and the liquid crystal panel are sequentially disposed on the backlight unit. In another embodiment, the liquid crystal panel, the private film, and the switching panel are disposed on the backlight unit. It can be arranged sequentially to implement the personal mode and shared mode.

As described above, in the viewing angle switching type liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the switching panel including the liquid crystal capsule is driven in the transmission state and the scattering state by using a horizontal electric field or a vertical electric field, Mode or shared mode can be implemented.

In addition, by forming liquid crystal capsules of different types or different densities corresponding to the transmission and blocking regions of the private film, the transmittance of the individual mode and the scattering degree of the shared mode can be improved.

Although described above with reference to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art various modifications and changes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below I can understand that you can.

110: liquid crystal display 120: backlight unit
125: private film 130: switching panel
138: liquid crystal capsule layer 160: liquid crystal panel

Claims (11)

A backlight unit;
A private film disposed on the backlight unit and blocking the light in the lateral direction from the light in the various directions and allowing the light in the front direction to pass therethrough;
A switching panel configured to pass the light in the front direction as it is or to scatter the light in the front direction by using a plurality of liquid crystal capsules and emit the light in the various directions;
A liquid crystal panel which displays an image using light in the front direction and light in the various directions, respectively in the individual mode and the shared mode.
Liquid crystal display comprising a.
The method of claim 1,
And the private film and the switching panel are disposed below or above the liquid crystal panel.
The method of claim 1,
The conversion panel,
A first substrate;
First and second electrodes disposed on the first substrate and spaced apart from each other;
A liquid crystal capsule layer disposed on the first and second electrodes and including a binder and the plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in the binder and each having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules;
Liquid crystal display comprising a.
The method of claim 3, wherein
The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
The refractive index of the binder is the same as the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
In the power-off state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a vertical arrangement,
And a plurality of liquid crystal molecules in a horizontal arrangement in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
The method of claim 3, wherein
The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
The refractive index of the binder is equal to the average refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules arranged randomly,
In the power-off state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement.
And a plurality of liquid crystal molecules in a horizontal arrangement in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
The method of claim 3, wherein
The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
The refractive index of the binder is the same as the abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
In the power-off state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement.
And a plurality of liquid crystal molecules in a horizontal arrangement in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
The method of claim 1,
The conversion panel,
First and second substrates facing each other and spaced apart from each other;
A first electrode disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate;
A second electrode disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate;
A liquid crystal capsule layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, the liquid crystal capsule layer including a plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in the binder and each having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules
Liquid crystal display comprising a.
The method of claim 7, wherein
The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
The refractive index of the binder is the same as the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
In the power-off state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement.
And a plurality of liquid crystal molecules having a vertical arrangement in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
The method of claim 7, wherein
The abnormal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is greater than the normal refractive index of each of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules,
The refractive index of the binder is equal to the average refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules arranged randomly,
In the power-off state in which a driving voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have a random arrangement.
And a plurality of liquid crystal molecules having a vertical arrangement in a power-on state in which a driving voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
The method according to any one of claims 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9,
The private film includes a transmission region for passing the light in the front direction and a blocking region for blocking the light in the lateral direction,
The switching panel includes first and second regions respectively corresponding to the transmission region and the blocking region,
The plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the first region have a nano size,
And the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the second region have a micro size.
The method according to any one of claims 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9,
The private film includes a transmission region for passing the light in the front direction and a blocking region for blocking the light in the lateral direction,
The switching panel includes first and second regions respectively corresponding to the transmission region and the blocking region,
And a density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the first region is less than a density of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules of the second region.

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