KR20190122917A - Flux concentrator for ironless motor - Google Patents

Abstract

In one possible embodiment, the flux from the permanent magnets comprises an array of permanent magnets arranged to be strengthened on one side of the magnet array and substantially offset on the opposite side of the magnet array, the magnet array being the magnet array. A magnet arrangement is provided for the motor, further comprising magnetic flux inductors positioned at the poles on the reinforced side of the.

Description

Magnetic flux induction machine for ironless motors {FLUX CONCENTRATOR FOR IRONLESS MOTOR}

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of the priority of the following applications, which are hereby fully incorporated by reference:

US Provisional Application No. 61 / 194,056, filed on September 23, 2008 by Bart Dean Hibbs, entitled Magnetic Induction for Ironless Motors; And

US Provisional Application No. 61 / 194,099, filed September 23, 2008, titled PROPELLER DRIVE UNIT FOR HALE UAV and filed by Daboussi et al.

This application also relates to the following applications, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety:

The US regular application filed COMPRESSED MOTOR WINDING, filed September 23, 2009 by Daboussi et al. (Application number not yet assigned);

United States regular application filed September 23, 2009, entitled MOTOR AIR FLOW COOLING, filed by Daboussi et al. (Application number not yet assigned); And

The title of the invention is the stator WINDING HEAT SINK CONFIGURATION, filed on September 23, 2009 by Daboussi et al. (Application number not yet assigned).

[0001] An electric motor for a vehicle needs to have high efficiency in order to save power. Furthermore, in unmanned or manned vehicles, lightweight and compact electric motors are preferred. Therefore, ironless motors are often used which can provide the benefit of no iron loss due to changing the direction of magnetic flux. However, ironless motors suffer from poor field strength in the gap.

Motors are generally rated for the peak power and efficiency of the motor. In some applications, high partial load efficiency is desired, which has a high efficiency when the machine is loaded at partial load (ie 15% or some other percentage).

There is a need for a compact motor with higher efficiency.

SUMMARY

In one possible embodiment, the flux from the permanent magnets comprises an array of permanent magnets arranged to be strengthened on one side of the magnet array and substantially offset on the opposite side of the magnet array, wherein the magnet array is There is provided a magnet arrangement for the motor, further comprising magnetic flux inductors positioned at the poles on the reinforced side of the magnet arrangement.

[0005] In another possible embodiment, the magnet arrangement for the motor comprises an arrangement of permanent magnets arranged such that the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets is enhanced on one side of the magnet arrangement and substantially offset on the opposite side of the magnet arrangement. This is provided. In this embodiment, the magnets are oriented in a direction in which the magnetic moments of adjacent magnets are separated by about 45 degrees, and the magnetic moments oriented generally perpendicular to the reinforcing side of the magnet array, It is arranged to include.

Embodiments may be combined and other embodiments are possible.

Features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings.
1 is a simplified exploded perspective view of an exemplary motor.
FIG. 2 is a simplified side cross-sectional view along its longitudinal axis of the motor of FIG. 1.
3 is a simplified cutaway front view of a portion of one possible embodiment of a permanent magnet motor.
4 is a simplified cutaway front view of a portion of another possible embodiment of a permanent magnet motor.
5A and 5B are simplified cutaway front views showing a B field in a permanent magnet motor with and without magnetic flux inductors, respectively.

1 is a simplified exploded perspective view along the axis 22 of an exemplary motor 10. Stator 40 is fixed to housing 60. The inner rotor 50 and the outer rotor 30 are fixed to each other and surround the stator 40. An optional propeller hub 75 with propeller blades 70 mounted into the propeller hub is secured to the inner rotor 50. The propeller hub 75 is rotatably mounted on the spindle 65 by bearings 16 and 18. The bearings 16 and 18 are retained by the cover 12 and retainers 20 and 14.

FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional side view along its longitudinal axis 22 of the motor 10 of FIG. 1. The stator 40 is located between the magnets 35 and 55 of the inner rotor 50 and outer rotor 30, respectively. The propeller hub 75 is bonded to the inner rotor 50, which is rotatably mounted on the spindle 65. Spindle 65 may be made of carbon fiber or other suitable material.

3 is a simplified cut away front view showing a portion 300 of a possible embodiment of a permanent magnet motor. In FIG. 3, a stator 340 with a winding 345 is positioned between the inner magnet assembly 355 and the outer magnet assembly 335 of the inner rotor 350 and outer rotor 330. .

The inner magnet assembly 355 and the outer magnet assembly 335 are magnets arranged with permanent magnetic fields oriented as indicated by arrows in the magnets 355a-g and 335a-g. Fields 355a-g and 335a-g. The magnetic orientations 357a-g of the magnets 355a-g or the magnetic orientations 337a-g of the magnets 335a-g are magnetic orientations in the Halbach array. Similar to In the Halbach arrangement the permanent magnets are arranged such that the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets is reinforced on one side of the arrangement and substantially canceled on the opposite side of the arrangement. However, apart from the Halbach arrangement, various embodiments have magnetic flux inductors 335x-z and 355x-z, provided in the inner magnet assembly 355 and the outer magnet assembly 335.

Magnetic flux inductors 335x-z and 355x-z increase the magnetic flux density B onto the winding region. The torque resulting from that force and magnetic flux density B is calculated from the formula F = B x I x L, where I is the current in the wire and L is the length of the wire in the B field. Thus increasing the B field density on each Litz wire 345a increases the force F for the wire 340a. Increasing flux concentration on the same wire at the same length and current results in greater force on wire 340a resulting in increased efficiency. Without magnetic flux inductors 335x-z and 355x-z, fringing may occur that reduces the magnetic flux density of wire 345a.

FIG. 5A is a simplified cutaway front view showing how the B field 542 in the gap 549 is invaded when there are no magnetic flux inductors, which excite a smaller magnetic flux density in the conductor 545b. However, with magnetic flux inductors 535x and 555x as shown in FIG. 5B, B field 548 has a greater density in wire 545b.

Referring to FIG. 3, magnetic flux inductors 355x-z and 335x-z in the inner magnet assembly 355 and the outer magnet assembly 335 at opposing positions across the gap 349. ) Is located. The magnetic flux inductors are located at positions where the magnetic fields 346, 347, and 348 cancel on the opposing surfaces 335s and 355s of the gap 349 and where the magnetic fields 346, 347, and 348 are reinforced. Located. The magnetic flux inductors 355x-z are located between the gap 349 and the respective rear magnets 355b, 355d, and 355f. Similarly, magnetic flux inductors 335x-z are located between gap 349 and respective rear magnets 355b, 355d, and 355f.

The magnetic flux inductors 355x-z and 335x-z may be made of iron or other magnetic material. The ferrous material forms poles that collect and concentrate magnetic flux from the magnets. Field strength is limited to about 1 Tesla in readily available permanent magnets. Iron, on the other hand, can support 2 Tesla. By using poles with force magnets to force the magnetic flux across the gap 349, larger fields 346, 347, and 348 in the gap 349 may be possible. Motor torque, like fixed torque, is proportional to the field and cuts I ² R by a quarter when the field is doubled.

Ironless motor used herein means that iron is not included in the windings. The magnetic flux inductors are not limited to iron and can be made of other magnetic materials and high magnetic moment materials.

Although shown as half of the thickness of the corresponding rear magnets 335b, 335d, and 335f, the magnetic flux inductors 335x, 335y, and 335z, depending on the materials used and the strength of the magnets, It may be larger or smaller than the rear magnet. Furthermore, the respective widths between the rear magnets 335b, 335d, 335f and / or the magnetic flux inductor and the magnets 335a, 335c, 335e, and 335g may be different and need not be the same.

The spacing and orientations / periodicity of the magnets relative to the number and spacing of the windings in the stator must be matched such that the fields in the gap produce additional currents in the stator windings.

4 is a simplified cutaway front view of a portion 500 of another possible embodiment of a permanent magnet motor. In this embodiment, the orientations of the magnetic moments of the continuous permanent magnets in the outer rotor array 535 are rotated by 45 degrees or [pi] / 4 radians relative to the adjacent magnets, respectively. Similarly, the orientations of the magnetic moments of successive permanent magnets in the inner rotor array 555 are rotated by 45 degrees with respect to the adjacent magnets, respectively. The outer magnets 535 are strengthened at −90 degrees in the magnet 535d and oriented to cancel at 90 in the magnet 535h at the gap surface 535s in the outer array 535, and the inner magnets 555 are Reinforced at 90 degrees in magnet 555h and oriented to cancel at −90 degrees in magnet 555d at gap surface 555s.

[00025] The benefits of including the 90 degree orientation with respect to the stator winding 545 and orienting the magnets to be separated by 45 degrees, as shown in FIG. 4, result in 60, 30, -30, -60 degree orientations. To provide greater inverse EMF. In some embodiments, the embodiment of FIG. 4 provided about 10% greater inverse EMF than 60, 30, -30, -60 degree orientations.

Embodiments and implementations of the invention are not limited to the motor embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The magnet arrangements described herein can be applied to a variety of axial or radial motors or to other Halbach arrangements / cylinders / sphere devices, including wigglers, and the like. It is not limited to those used in electronic motors. The arrangement described herein is intended to cover cylinders, spheres, and the like using the arrangement. Further, the embodiments and implementations are not limited to aircraft motors and may be employed in automobiles, machinery, instruments, spaces or other applications.

"Anything referred to as an embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in an embodiment if desired. It is worth noting that the phrase "in one embodiment" described in various places in the detailed description of the invention does not always refer to the same embodiment.

The description and examples provided herein are presented for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. This description is to be considered as illustrative of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the claims and / or spirit and scope of the invention described.

Those skilled in the art will be able to modify the present invention for specific applications of the present invention.

The description contained in this patent specification is intended to serve as a basic technology. It should be appreciated by those reading this specification that a particular technology may not explicitly describe all possible embodiments and that alternatives may be implied. In addition, the present disclosure does not fully describe the generic nature of the present invention and may not explicitly indicate how each feature or element may actually be representative or equivalent. Once again, they may be implicitly included within the present specification. When the present invention is described in terms of device-oriented terminology, each element of the device implicitly performs a function. It will also be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such changes are also implicitly included herein. These modifications still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Furthermore, each of the various embodiments and claims of the invention may be accomplished in various ways. It is to be understood that this specification encompasses each such variation, which is a variation of any device embodiment, method embodiment, or even only any element thereof. In particular, it is to be understood that when the specification relates to elements of the present invention, words for each element may be represented by equivalent device terms, even if the function or result is the same. do. Such equivalent, broader or even generic terms should be considered to be encompassed in the description of each element or action. These terms may be substituted if necessary to clarify the implicitly broad coverage that the invention is entitled. It is to be understood that all actions may be expressed as means for taking the action or as an element causing the action. Similarly, it is to be understood that each physical element disclosed encompasses the disclosure of the actions that the physical element facilitates. It is to be understood that such changes and alternative terms are expressly included herein.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with a number of embodiments, variations thereof will be suggested to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The illustrative embodiments herein are not intended to be limiting, and various configurations and combinations of features are possible. As such, the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments except as required by the appended claims.

Claims (46)

A magnet array for a motor comprising an array of permanent magnets,
The array is arranged such that magnetic flux from permanent magnets is enhanced on one side of the array and substantially cancels on the opposite side of the array,
The permanent magnets are arranged such that the magnetic moments of adjacent permanent magnets are oriented in directions that are separated by about 45 degrees, and that the permanent magnets in the array include magnetic moments oriented generally perpendicular to the reinforced side of the array. Become,
The magnet array for the motor includes an ironless winding adjacent the array, the ironless winding comprising conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, and the generally rectangular cross section of the generally rectangular cross section. The long side is arranged to cross the direction of the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet with the generally perpendicular magnetic moment,
Magnet array for motors. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising magnetic flux concentrators positioned on the magnets having the generally perpendicular magnetic moment on the reinforced side of the array,
Magnet array for motors. The method of claim 2,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the magnets,
Magnet array for motors. The method of claim 3, wherein
The flux concentrators include iron
Magnet array for motors. The method of claim 1,
The flux concentrators include iron,
Magnet array for motors. As a motor,
a) inner rotor and outer rotor; And
b) a stator comprising an ironless winding located between said inner rotor and outer rotor
Including,
c) the inner rotor and outer rotor each comprise an array of permanent magnets, wherein the array of permanent magnets is formed so that magnetic flux from the permanent magnets is strengthened on one side of the array towards the stator and opposite the stator. Disposed to substantially cancel on one side of the array,
Magnets of the arrays of the inner and outer rotors are oriented such that the magnetic moments of adjacent magnets are oriented in separated directions by about 45 degrees, and that the magnets in the array are generally perpendicular to the stator side of the array. Arranged to have a magnetic moment of
d) The ironless winding comprises conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, wherein the generally rectangular cross section is characterized by the fact that the long sides of the generally rectangular cross section are generally perpendicular to the magnetic moments of the inner rotor and the outer rotor. Arranged to cross the direction of the magnetic field lines,
motor. The method of claim 6,
The inner rotor and the outer rotor are separated by a gap and fixed together,
Magnetic moments of magnets in the arrays are arranged to reinforce magnetic fields across the gap,
motor. The method of claim 7, wherein
Further comprising magnetic flux concentrators positioned on the magnets having the generally perpendicular magnetic moment on the reinforced side of the array,
motor. The method of claim 8,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the magnets,
motor. The method of claim 9,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. The method of claim 8,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. As a motor,
a) inner rotor and outer rotor with ironless stator windings in between;
Including,
b) said inner rotor and outer rotor respectively comprising flux concentrators and permanent magnets, said inner rotor and outer rotor respectively comprising an array of permanent magnets, said array of permanent magnets from The magnetic flux of is strengthened on one side of the array facing the stator and substantially canceled on one side of the array opposite the stator,
Magnets of the arrays of the inner and outer rotors are oriented such that the magnetic moments of adjacent magnets are oriented in separated directions by about 45 degrees, and that the magnets in the array are generally perpendicular to the stator side of the array. Arranged to have a magnetic moment of
c) the permanent magnets each comprise a pole surface, and the magnetic flux concentrators of the inner rotor and outer rotor are located on the pole surface of the magnet having the generally perpendicular magnetic moment in the array, To mutually strengthen the magnetic flux across,
d) The ironless stator windings comprise conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, wherein the generally rectangular cross section is a generally vertical magnetic field of the inner rotor and outer rotor of which the long side of the generally rectangular cross section is present. Arranged to cross the direction of the magnetic field lines of the moments,
motor. The method of claim 12,
The windings comprise turns, the turns each having a width,
The flux concentrators of the inner rotor and outer rotor have a width substantially equal to one winding turn,
motor. The method of claim 13,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the magnets,
motor. The method of claim 13,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. The method of claim 12,
The magnetic flux concentrators of the inner rotor and outer rotor have a width, the permanent magnets of the inner rotor and outer rotor have a width, the windings comprise turns, the turns each having a width, and the windings The non-fringing density of the magnetic field lines across the beam has a width substantially equal to the width of one winding turn,
motor. The method of claim 16,
Said winding comprising turns, said turns each having a width and said flux concentrators of said inner rotor and outer rotor having a width substantially equal to one winding turn,
motor. The method of claim 17,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the magnets,
motor. The method of claim 18,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. The method of claim 12,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. Magnetic array and ironless windings for motors,
a) an array of permanent magnets, wherein the array of permanent magnets is arranged such that magnetic flux from the permanent magnets is strengthened on one side of the array and substantially canceled on the opposite side of the array, the array reinforcing the array Magnetic flux concentrators forming poles on the side being oriented, the magnetic moment in the poles being oriented generally perpendicular to the reinforced side of the array;
b) ironless winding adjacent the array, the ironless winding comprising conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, wherein the generally rectangular cross section is a long side of the generally rectangular cross section in the direction of magnetic field lines at the poles; Arranged to traverse ―
Including,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 21,
The flux concentrators are placed in a recess of the array,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 22,
The outer surface of the flux concentrators is aligned with the outer surfaces of adjacent permanent magnets located along the reinforced side,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 21,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the permanent magnets,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 21,
The array includes rear permanent magnets behind the flux concentrators opposite the reinforced side of the array,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 21,
The flux concentrators are located in the arrays such that each flux concentrator includes a rear permanent magnet and is located between adjacent lateral permanent magnets,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 26,
The magnetic moments of the permanent magnets adjacent to the flux concentrator are all oriented in a direction generally toward the adjacent flux concentrator, or are all oriented in a direction generally away from the adjacent flux concentrator
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 26,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the permanent magnets,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 28,
The flux concentrators include iron,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. The method of claim 21,
The flux concentrators include iron,
Magnet array and ironless windings for motors. As a motor,
a) stator; And
b) a rotor comprising an array of permanent magnets, wherein the array of permanent magnets is on one side of the array opposite the stator and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets is strengthened on one side of the array towards the stator; Arranged to be substantially offset, the array further comprising flux concentrators forming poles on the reinforced side of the array, the magnetic moment in the poles being oriented generally perpendicular to the reinforced side of the array; ;
Including,
c) the stator comprises an ironless winding adjacent to the array, the ironless winding comprising conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, wherein the generally rectangular cross section is characterized by the long sides of the generally rectangular cross section being the poles; Arranged to cross the direction of the magnetic field lines in
motor. The method of claim 31, wherein
The flux concentrators are placed in a recess of the array,
motor. The method of claim 32,
The outer surface of the flux concentrators is aligned with the outer surfaces of adjacent permanent magnets located along the reinforced side,
motor. The method of claim 31, wherein
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the permanent magnets,
motor. The method of claim 31, wherein
The array includes rear permanent magnets behind the flux concentrators opposite the reinforced side of the array,
motor. The method of claim 31, wherein
The flux concentrators are located in the arrays such that each flux concentrator includes a rear permanent magnet and is located between adjacent lateral permanent magnets,
motor. The method of claim 36,
The magnetic moments of the permanent magnets adjacent to the flux concentrator are all oriented in a direction generally toward the adjacent flux concentrator, or are all oriented in a direction generally away from the adjacent flux concentrator
motor. The method of claim 36,
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the permanent magnets,
motor. The method of claim 38,
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. The method of claim 31, wherein
The flux concentrators include iron,
motor. As a motor,
An inner rotor and an outer rotor having an ironless stator winding therebetween; And
A stator comprising an ironless winding between said inner rotor and an angular rotor
Including,
The inner rotor and outer rotor each comprise flux concentrators and permanent magnets, the inner rotor and outer rotor each comprising an array of permanent magnets, the array of permanent magnets comprising magnetic flux from the permanent magnets. Is reinforced on one side of the array facing the stator and arranged to substantially cancel on one side of the array opposite the stator,
Each array further comprises flux concentrators forming poles on the reinforced side of the array, the poles in the array including magnetic moments generally oriented perpendicular to the stator side of the array,
The ironless winding is adjacent to the array and includes conductor bundles having a generally rectangular cross section, wherein the generally rectangular cross section is a long side of the generally rectangular cross section wherein the general of the inner rotor and the outer rotor is normal. Arranged to cross the direction of the magnetic field lines of magnetic moments perpendicular to
motor. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein
The flux concentrators are placed in a recess of the array,
motor. The method of claim 42, wherein
The outer surface of the magnetic flux concentrators is aligned with the outer surfaces of adjacent permanent magnets located along the stator side,
motor. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein
The flux concentrators comprise a magnetic material having a magnetic flux density greater than that of the permanent magnets,
motor. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein
The array comprises rear permanent magnets behind the flux concentrators opposite the stator side of the array,
motor. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein
The flux concentrators are located in the arrays such that each flux concentrator includes a rear permanent magnet and is located between adjacent lateral permanent magnets,
motor.

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