KR20190093012A - The method for block generation and validation in block-chain system - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a method for generating and verifying blocks in a block chain system. The method for generating and verifying blocks in a block chain system, as a method for generating and verifying blocks including a random proof of stake consensus algorithm applied to a block chain system, comprises: a verifying node selecting step of generating a random number value for all nodes and selecting a plurality of verifying nodes to participate in a consensus mechanism based on the random number value; a transaction information comparing step of allowing each of the selected plurality of verifying nodes to receive and store transaction information of the selected plurality of verifying nodes and compare the transaction information; a block generating step of generating a block containing data determined as normal transaction information according to a comparison result of the transaction information in one node designated as a block generating node among the selected plurality of verifying nodes; a block verifying step of transmitting the generated block to the selected plurality of verifying nodes and allowing each node to verify whether the generated block is normal or not; and a block processing step of allowing the selected plurality of verifying nodes to share a result of the verification, and according to the result of the verification, transmit the generated block to other nodes or destroy the generated block and perform a re-consensus process among the selected plurality of verifying nodes. Accordingly, the present invention can reduce unnecessary energy consumption, solve unequal distribution of wealth and improve a processing speed.

Description

The method for block generation and validation in block-chain system}

The present invention relates to a block generation and verification method in a blockchain system.

Block chain, also known as public trading ledger, is a technology that prevents hacking that can occur when trading in virtual currency. Traditional financial firms keep transaction records on a centralized server, while blockchain sends transaction details to all users participating in a transaction, and checks each transaction to prevent data forgery. Blockchain is applied to Bitcoin, a representative online virtual currency. Bitcoin records transaction details transparently in a book that anyone can read, and several computers using Bitcoin verify this record every 10 minutes to prevent hacking.

Blocks and blockchains play a key role in the processing of Bitcoin online. Blockchain technology has a structure in which a block containing transaction information cross-references a previous block and a next block with unique values, and is connected like a chain, so that peers participating in a P2P network or participants for generating a transaction are P2P. Specialized format that allows anyone to view the transaction history by storing all blocks created in the network, rewards self-issued goods to the person who proves the work using a unique proof-of-work method and balance balance deduction procedure The character of the technology.

Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0137388 (December 13, 2017)

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a block generation and verification method in a block chain system that can ensure the reliability of the consensus while improving the processing speed compared to the consensus algorithm used in the existing block chain system. It is.

However, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the above problems, and may be variously expanded in a range without departing from the technical spirit and scope of the present invention.

A block generation and verification method in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems is a block generation and verification method including a random equity verification agreement algorithm applied to a blockchain system, A verification node selecting step of selecting a plurality of verification nodes to participate in a consensus mechanism based on the random number values by generating the same random number value, wherein each of the selected plurality of verification nodes is transaction information of the selected plurality of verification nodes. A transaction information comparison step of receiving and storing all of the transaction information and comparing the transaction information, data determined as normal transaction information according to a comparison result of the transaction information at one node designated as a block generation node among the selected plurality of verification nodes; Block generation to create a containing block In the step of transmitting the generated block to the plurality of selected verification nodes, each verification node verifies whether the generated block is normal, and the plurality of selected verification nodes are configured to verify the result of the verification. And a block processing step of sharing each other, transmitting the generated block to another node according to a result of the verification, or discarding the generated block and performing a re-combination process between the selected plurality of verification nodes.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the verifying node selecting step may include selecting the plurality of verifying nodes according to a predetermined ratio with respect to the total number of nodes, or selecting the plurality of verifying nodes by a predetermined constant number of the total nodes. Can be selected.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the verifying node selecting step may select the plurality of verifying nodes using the random number value generated equally according to time in all the nodes.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the random number value is used to randomly select the plurality of verification nodes in the entire node, and an algorithm relating to a random number generation function for generating the random number value may be private.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, in the comparing transaction information, each of the selected plurality of verifying nodes may store transaction information having the highest ratio in the node.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, in the block generating step, the one node may be determined as the first selected node among the selected plurality of verification nodes and designated as the block generating node.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the block verifying step includes: wherein each of the selected plurality of verifying nodes is provided with the generated block and compared with the transaction information having the highest ratio determined by the verifying node. You can verify that the block is a normal block.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the block processing step may be performed when the number of verifying nodes sharing the result of the verifying in the selected plurality of verifying nodes and determining the generated block as a normal block is more than half. A given block can be transferred to another node.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the block processing step may include: sharing the result of the verification in the selected plurality of verification nodes, and in the case where the number of nodes that determine the generated block as an abnormal block is more than half of the selected The reassembly process may be performed between a plurality of verification nodes.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the process of reassembly may generate a new block at a next node of the block generation node, and transmit the new block to the selected plurality of verification nodes so that each verification node is connected to the new verification node. It is possible to verify whether a block is normal.

In some embodiments according to the present invention, the steps may be repeated to generate a subsequent block, and the subsequent block may be transmitted to another node through the selected plurality of verification nodes.

Other specific details of the invention are included in the detailed description and drawings.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce unnecessary energy waste, to solve the problem of unbalanced wealth, and to improve the processing speed because selected processes are performed by selected nodes, compared to the conventional algorithms of blockchain systems. You can.

In addition, according to the present invention, since nodes participating in the consensus process are selected in a random secret manner, they can be protected from attacks such as hacking, and problems such as unity between nodes can be blocked at source.

However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the above effects, and may be variously expanded within the scope without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

1 is a diagram illustrating a distributed processing system using a blockchain to which the technical spirit of the present invention can be applied.
2 and 3 are block diagrams illustrating the connection of blocks used in a blockchain system.
4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a network to which the present invention is applied.
5 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a process of determining a verification node in a random stake verification agreement algorithm according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a block generation method using a random equity proof agreement algorithm according to the present invention.
7 is a diagram illustrating a process of generating a block in the block generation node and a generated block by way of example.

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be implemented in various different forms, only the present embodiments to make the disclosure of the present invention complete, and common knowledge in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is provided to fully inform the person having the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the scope of the claims.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In this specification, the singular also includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase. As used herein, “comprises” and / or “comprising” refers to the presence of one or more other components, steps, operations and / or elements. Or does not exclude additions.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the present specification may be used in a sense that can be commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, terms that are defined in a commonly used dictionary are not ideally or excessively interpreted unless they are specifically defined clearly.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and duplicate descriptions of the same components are omitted.

The distributed processing system using a blockchain requires a consensus algorithm that compares the transaction details (transaction information) generated at each node with the transaction details created at certain time intervals and then determines the transaction details to be used for block generation.

Through this consensus algorithm, nodes participating in the distributed system have the same transaction details that everyone can agree on, thereby trusting the system.

There are various methods of consensus algorithm applied to existing blockchain, such as Proof of Work, PoS, Proof of PoS, and Delegated Proof of DPoS.

However, these consensus algorithms have a problem that if the transaction history occurs frequently or the number of participating nodes is large, the processing speed for block generation is significantly reduced, or the trust may be broken by external factors such as hacking or unity among designated nodes. have.

Therefore, even in a distributed system using a blockchain, it is possible to effectively process a transaction history in a large number of transactions and a large number of participating nodes, and a new consensus algorithm that can trust the safety of the system from external factors is needed.

First, the problem of the existing consensus algorithm is as follows.

(1) PoW (Proof of Work) method

It is a way to give the block creation authority to the node that solved the computational problem necessary for the block generation first, and to trust the transaction history of the node. Bitcoin adopts blockchain technology first, which can be effective in small systems.However, as the transaction history and the number of nodes increase, the processing speed for generating the block containing the transaction becomes very slow. All the nodes that we have are working together, resulting in inefficient energy waste.

(2) Proof of Stake method

By comparing the transaction details of the nodes that want to participate in the consensus process and trusting a number of the transaction details, the node with a higher stake has more authority to create a block. It is similar to the direct election method, so the reliability of transaction details is high, but the number of participating nodes slows down the processing speed and is not suitable for services requiring real time processing.

(3) Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) method

It compares the transaction history of a specified number of nodes authorized by subordinate nodes and trusts the transaction history of many of them. The processing speed is fast because only a specified number of nodes participate in the consensus as an indirect election method, but there is a problem that the designated node may be hacked and the trust of the system may be broken by more than 51% of the designated nodes.

According to the present invention, to solve the problems of the conventional consensus algorithm described above, and propose a consensus algorithm of the Random Proof of Stake (RPoS) scheme for more efficient use of distributed systems.

This is a method of randomly extracting a certain ratio of nodes or a certain number of nodes relative to the total nodes, and then compares the transaction details of the extracted nodes and trusts a plurality of transactions.

1 is a diagram illustrating a distributed processing system using a blockchain to which the technical spirit of the present invention can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 1, a distributed processing system 100 using a blockchain is a distributed network system including a plurality of nodes 110-170. The nodes 110-170 constituting the distributed network 100 may be electronic devices having computing capability, such as computers, mobile terminals, and dedicated electronic devices.

In general, the distributed network 100 may store and refer to information commonly known to all participating nodes in a connection bundle of blocks called a block chain. The nodes 110-170 may be divided into a full node capable of communicating with each other, a full node that is responsible for storing, managing, and propagating a block chain, and a light node that can simply participate in a transaction. . In the present specification, when referring to a node without further description, it often refers to a complete node that participates in a distributed network and performs an operation of generating, storing, or verifying a blockchain, but is not limited thereto.

Each block connected to the blockchain includes a transaction history, or transactions, within a certain period. The nodes can manage transactions by creating, storing or verifying a blockchain according to their respective roles.

According to an embodiment, the transaction may represent various types of transactions. In one embodiment, the transaction may correspond to a financial transaction to indicate the ownership state of the virtual currency and its variation. In another embodiment, the transaction may correspond to a physical transaction to indicate the state of ownership of the object and its variation. Nodes performing transactions in the distributed network 100 may have a private key and a public key pair with respective cryptographic associations.

2 and 3 are block diagrams illustrating the connection of blocks used in a blockchain system.

Referring to FIG. 2, the block chain 200 is a kind of distributed database of one or more blocks 210, 220, and 230 sequentially connected. The blockchain 200 is used to store and manage transaction details of users in the blockchain system, and each node participating in the network of the blockchain system generates a block and connects it to the blockchain 200. 2 illustrates a limited number of blocks 210, 220, and 230, but the number of blocks that may be included in the block chain is not limited thereto.

Each block included in the block chain 200 may be configured to include a block header 211 and a block body 213. The block header 211 may include a hash value of the previous block 220 to indicate a connection relationship between each block. In the process of verifying that the block chain 200 is valid, a connection relationship in the block header 211 is used. The block body 213 may include data stored and managed in the block 210, for example, a transaction list or a transaction chain.

Referring to FIG. 3, the block header 211 may include a hash 2112 and a nonce 2114 of a previous block. In addition, the block header 211 may include a root 2115 representing a header of a transaction list in the block.

As described above, the block chain 200 may include one or more blocks that are connected. The one or more blocks are concatenated based on a hash value in the block header 211. The hash value 2112 of the previous block included in the block header 211 is the same as the current hash 2213 included in the previous block 220 as a hash value for the previous block 220. The one or more blocks are concatenated concatenated by the hash value of the previous block in each block header. Nodes participating in the distributed network verify the validity of the block based on the hash value of the previous block included in the one or more blocks, thereby preventing the malicious single node from forging or tampering with the contents of the already created block. Do.

The block body 213 may include a transaction list 2131. The transaction list 2131 is a list of blockchain based transactions. For example, the transaction list 2131 may include a record of financial transactions made in the blockchain-based financial system. The transaction list 2131 may be expressed in the form of a tree. For example, the transaction list 2131 records the amount of money transmitted from the user A to the user B in the form of a list, and the storage length in the block is the length of the transaction included in the current block. It can be increased or decreased based on the number.

The block 210 may include other information 2116 other than the information included in the block header 211 and the block body 213.

Nodes participating in the distributed network have the same block chain, and the same transaction is stored in the block. Blocks containing a list of transactions are shared across the network so that all participants can verify them.

4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a network to which the present invention is applied.

Referring to FIG. 4, a network (or an information communication network) to which the present invention is applied consists of nodes. As shown in FIG. 4, the node includes a verification node 300, a block generation node 310, and a general node 320, all of which are connected to a P2P network. These nodes 300, 310, and 320 are hosts on a network having an information processing function and a communication function.

The verification node 300 refers to a plurality of verification nodes that will participate in the Randomized Proof of Stake (RPoS) consensus mechanism according to the present invention. The verification node 300 may select a plurality of verification nodes according to a predetermined ratio with respect to the total number of nodes for all nodes, or select a plurality of verification nodes by a predetermined constant number of all nodes.

In order to determine the verification node 300, a plurality of verification nodes 300 may be determined using random numbers generated equally over time in all nodes. An algorithm related to a random number generation function that generates these random values You can make it private.

The block generation node 310 is a designated node among the verification nodes 300, and serves to generate a block including data determined as normal transaction information according to a comparison result of transaction information. That is, the block generation node 310 refers to a node authorized to generate individual blocks constituting the block chain.

Specifically, the block generation node 310 generates a block at every block generation time for the agreed transaction details, that is, the agreed transaction information, and this block generation node 310 is determined in a random manner. In order to determine the block generation node 310 in a random manner, each node is assigned a random value, and the random number assigned to each node has the same value at all nodes (all nodes at a specific time). At the same time random values occur).

The block generation node 310 generates a block to include the transaction details selected by the user, that is, transaction information. For example, in determining the block generation node 310, the random number value is used, and a method of "making the first node selected from the verification node 300 the block generation node 310" is set in advance. The block generation node 310 may be determined among the verification nodes 300. The method of determining the block generation node 310 may be determined by a method in which all the verification nodes 300 are equally known.

The block generated in the block generation node 310 is transmitted to other nodes only when it is agreed as a normal block through the verification process of the verification nodes 300 to become a subsequent block of the block chain structure, and only for the agreed normal block. Continue to form the chain. According to the present invention, in selecting the verification node 300, a verification node 300 having a representativeness is determined in a random manner by using a random number value, and one block generation node 310 is selected among the verification nodes 300. Determination is also characterized in that it is determined in a random manner using a random number value.

The general node 320 may be a PC of a general user, a mobile device (for example, a smartphone, a laptop or a tablet PC), or an information processing device having an Internet of Things (IoT) function.

5 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a process of determining a verification node in a random stake verification agreement algorithm according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a block generation method using a random equity proof agreement algorithm according to the present invention. 7 is a diagram illustrating a process of generating a block in the block generation node and a generated block by way of example.

Referring to FIG. 5, in the selecting a verification node in the present invention, first, (1) a verification node 300 is determined by selecting a plurality of nodes according to a predetermined ratio with respect to the total number of nodes for all nodes, (2) The verification node 300 may be determined by selecting a plurality of nodes from a predetermined number of all nodes.

Once the determination method for the verification node 300 is determined, the verification nodes 300 to participate in the consensus mechanism are determined by random values that are equally generated over time in all nodes. In the present invention, since a random number value is used, a consensus algorithm of Random PoS is applied.

Here, the random number is a variable for randomly extracting nodes that will participate in the consensus mechanism, and attempts to attack the verification node 300 by hacking from the outside by not knowing which node the verification node 300 is from the outside. It can make it hard to do.

Since the consensus algorithm is executed at a specific time and the details of the nodes selected are equally known to all nodes, the random numbers generated at a specific time in all nodes must match completely.

5 and 7, for example, if the selected node number is # 1723, # 2378, # 3492, # 5692, # 6901, or # 9023, nodes having these random values are determined as the verification node 300. The node having the random number # 1723 may be determined as the block generation node 310.

4 to 7, the verification nodes 300 are each provided with transaction information of all of the verification nodes 300, and store them and compare their transaction information with all provided transaction information to obtain the highest ratio. Store transaction information in its own node.

The block generation node 310 is determined as one node designated in the selection process for the verification node 300, and in the above example, a node having a random number # 1723 may be determined as the block generation node 310. The block generation node 310 compares its transaction information with transaction information provided from other verification nodes 300 and generates block B1 to include transaction information having the highest ratio.

The block B1 generated by the block generation node 310 may include information about the serial number of the block generation node and information about the number of times of agreement. This allows you to know at which node the block was created and whether the information in the block has been forged / modulated.

The block B1 generated at the block generation node 310 is transmitted to the verification nodes 300, and each verification node 300 verifies whether the block B1 is a normal block.

Each verification node 300 compares the transaction information in the received block B1 with the transaction information stored in its node (own transaction information and all provided transaction information, and determines that the transaction information has the highest ratio). By comparing the information previously stored in its own node), it is determined whether the block B1 is a normal block.

Each verification node 300 transmits the verification results back to the other verification nodes 300, and subsequent procedures are performed according to the collected verification results. Each verification node 300 shares the verified result with each other, and the verification result is "the transaction information stored in the block B1 matches the transaction information stored in its node, so that the block B1 is a normal block". In the case of more than this majority, the block B1 generated by the block generation node 310 is transmitted to other nodes.

However, if the majority of the opinion that the verification result is that "the transaction information stored in the block B1 is inconsistent with the transaction information stored in its node, and the block B1 is an abnormal block", the block B1 is incorrectly generated. Determination and discarding the block (B1), and performs the process of reunion on this.

In the recombination process, a new block B2 is generated at the next node of the block generation node 310. The generation process of the block B2 is the same as described above. That is, a node having a random value of # 2378 corresponding to the next node of the block generation node 310 may be determined as the new block generation node 310-1. The new block generation node 310-1 compares its transaction information with transaction information provided from other verification nodes 300 and generates block B2 to include the transaction information having the highest ratio.

The reason for determining the next node of the block generation node 310 as the new block generation node 310-1 during the recombination process is that the block generation node 310 has already generated the wrong block B1. The next node of) is used as a new block generation node 310-1 to generate a new block B2. However, such a process may be arbitrarily changed and used by a person skilled in the art, and a method of determining a new block generation node 310 may be determined by various methods.

The block B2 generated at the new block generation node 310-1 is transmitted to the verification nodes 300 again, and performs the above-described verification step again. This process is repeated to eventually generate a normal block.

As shown in FIG. 7, the normal block that has undergone the recombination process includes information on the serial number of the block generation node and the number of times of consensus, and even if a random block is generated by another node and an abnormal block is transmitted, the abnormal block is transmitted through the information. Can be distinguished.

After the verification step and the reassembly process for the generated block, the block finally determined to be a normal block is transmitted to the other nodes through the verification node (300).

The above-described steps are executed repeatedly, so that subsequent blocks generated are subsequently connected behind the normal block to form a chain structure.

It is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims that follow, rather than the foregoing detailed description. And it is to be construed that all changes and modifications derived from the equivalent concept as well as the meaning and scope of the claims are included in the scope of the present invention.

100: distributed network
110-170: nodes
200: blockchain
210, 220, 230: block
300: verification node
310: block generation node
320: general node

Claims (11)

A block generation and verification method comprising a randomized stakeholder agreement algorithm applied to a blockchain system,
A verification node selecting step of generating a random number value for all nodes and selecting a plurality of verification nodes to participate in a consensus mechanism based on the random number value;
A transaction information comparing step of each of the selected plurality of verification nodes, receiving and storing all the transaction information of the selected plurality of verification nodes and comparing the transaction information;
A block generation step of generating a block including data determined as normal transaction information according to a comparison result of the transaction information at one node designated as a block generation node among the selected plurality of verification nodes;
A block verification step of transmitting the generated block to the selected plurality of verification nodes, wherein each node verifies whether the generated block is normal; And
The selected plurality of verification nodes share the results of the verification with each other, and transmit the generated block to another node according to the verification result, or discard the generated block and among the selected plurality of verification nodes. And a block processing step of performing a reconstruction process. The method of claim 1,
The selecting a verification node may include selecting the plurality of verification nodes according to a predetermined ratio with respect to the total number of nodes, or selecting the plurality of verification nodes by a predetermined constant number of all nodes. Block generation and verification methods. The method of claim 1,
In the selecting of the verification node, the plurality of verification nodes are selected using the random number values generated equally according to time in all the nodes. The method of claim 3, wherein
Wherein the random number value is used to randomly select the plurality of verification nodes in the entire node, and an algorithm relating to a random number generation function for generating the random number value is private. The method of claim 1,
In the comparing of the transaction information, the selected plurality of verification nodes each store transaction information having the highest ratio in the node. The method of claim 1,
In the block generating step, the one node is determined as the first selected node among the selected plurality of verification nodes and designated as the block generation node. The method of claim 1,
In the block verifying step, each of the selected plurality of verification nodes receives the generated block and compares the transaction information with the highest ratio determined by the node to verify whether the generated block is a normal block. How to create and verify blocks in the system. The method of claim 7, wherein
The block processing step may include sharing the results of the verification in the plurality of selected verification nodes, and transmitting the generated blocks to other nodes when the number of verification nodes that determine the generated blocks as normal blocks is more than half. Block generation and verification method in blockchain system. The method of claim 7, wherein
The block processing step may include sharing the results of the verification in the plurality of selected verification nodes, and when the number of verification nodes that determine the generated block as an abnormal block is more than half of the selected plurality of verification nodes. Block generation and verification method in a blockchain system, performing a consensus process. The method of claim 9,
The re-synthesis process may include generating a new block at a next node of the block generation node, and transmitting the new block to the selected plurality of verification nodes, wherein each node verifies whether the new block is normal. How to create and verify blocks in the system. The method of claim 1,
Repeating the above steps to generate a subsequent block, and transmitting the subsequent block to another node through the selected plurality of verification nodes.

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