WO2021101040A1

WO2021101040A1 - Method for generating blockchain by using patch transaction

Info

Publication number: WO2021101040A1
Application number: PCT/KR2020/012109
Authority: WO
Inventors: 송문규
Original assignee: 주식회사 아이콘루프
Priority date: 2019-11-18
Filing date: 2020-09-08
Publication date: 2021-05-27
Also published as: KR102151939B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for generating a blockchain by using a patch transaction, comprising the steps of: receiving an nth transaction, which is the transaction to be inputted into an nth block; inputting, into a preset function, an (n-1)th transaction, which is the (n-1)th transaction included in an (n-1)th block, so as to generate an (n-1)th result value, which is the result value to be inputted into the nth block; generating an nth header, which is the header to be inputted into the nth block; generating the nth block including the nth header, the nth transaction, and the (n-1)th result value; proceeding with a blockchain agreement process for the nth block; generating an nth patch transaction, which is the patch transaction to be inputted into a corrected nth block when an agreement fails as a result of proceeding with the agreement process for the nth block; connecting the (n-1)th transaction and the nth patch transaction so as to input same into the preset function, thereby generating a corrected (n-1)th result value, which is the result value to be inputted into the corrected nth block; generating a corrected nth header, which is the header to be inputted into the corrected nth block; generating the corrected nth block including the corrected nth header, the nth transaction, the nth patch transaction, and the corrected (n-1)th result value; proceeding with a blockchain agreement process for the corrected nth block; and adding the corrected nth block to the blockchain when an agreement succeeds as a result of the agreement process for the corrected nth block.

Description

Blockchain creation method using patch transaction

The following embodiments relate to a blockchain platform, and is a technology for reducing the interruption of a blockchain network that occurs when a blockchain system generates a block in an on-the-next manner.

Blockchain is also called a public transaction ledger, and is a technology that prevents hacking that can occur when trading with virtual currency. In the case of existing financial companies, transaction records are kept on a centralized server, whereas blockchain sends transaction details to all users participating in transactions, and uses a method to prevent data forgery by collating them with each transaction. Blockchain is applied to Bitcoin, a representative online virtual currency. Bitcoin transparently records transaction details in a ledger that anyone can read, and several computers using Bitcoin verify this record to prevent hacking.

Blockchain is not a technology that is applied only to Bitcoin, but is a technology that can reduce enormous costs associated with maintenance and security of a database (DB) by applying it to storing various data.

When creating a block to be added to the blockchain, the blockchain system can create a block in an on-the-current or on-the-next method and add it to the blockchain. .

The on-the-current block structure stores the result in the current block of the transaction.

1 is a diagram showing an example of creating a block chain in an on-the-current method in a block chain system.

Referring to FIG. 1, each of the

blocks

110, 120, and 130 included in the blockchain consists of a transaction of a corresponding block, a result value obtained by inputting a transaction of the corresponding block to a preset function, and a header of the corresponding block.

For example, the first block 110, which is the first block, is a result value R1 generated by using the first transaction T1 and the first transaction T1, which are transactions included in the first block, as input values of a preset function. And a first header B1 that is a header of the first block 110.

Since the on-the-current block structure stores the result of the transaction of the block as the result value of the current block, the block can be deleted if the result is not expected or consensus is not reached.

The on-the-next block structure stores the transaction result in the next block.

2 is a diagram showing an example of creating a block chain in an on-the-next method in a block chain system.

Referring to FIG. 2, a first block 210 includes a first transaction T1, which is a transaction inserted into the first block, and a first header B1, which is a header to the first block. In this case, the result value is omitted in the first block 210.

Each of the

blocks

220 and 230 is composed of a transaction of a corresponding block, a result value obtained by inputting a transaction of a previous block to a preset function, and a header of the corresponding block.

In the case of creating a block to be added to the blockchain in the on-the-next method, it is difficult to delete the block if the result is unexpected or if there is a problem that no consensus occurs because the result of the transaction of the previous block is stored as a result value. have.

Comparing the on-the-current and on-the-next methods, on-the-next can generate blocks faster than on-the-current.

However, since the result of the next block is stored, it is difficult to delete an already confirmed block.

Also, if the processing result of the transaction is different because the environment for processing the consensus of the block is different (for example, the version of the consensus algorithm is different), the block is not consensus because the transaction of the already completed block cannot be changed. There may be cases where the chain network goes down.

In other words, if consensus cannot be achieved due to a different environment for handling consensus of blocks, the same previous transaction is the only input of the function that obtains the result value of the current block as the transaction of the previous block is not changed in the case of the on-the-next method. Since it is used as a value, the blockchain network may be disrupted due to the problem of not reaching consensus even if blocks are repeatedly generated.

Therefore, there is a need for a method that can reduce the disruption of the blockchain network while creating blocks in an on-the-next method.

The information described above is for illustrative purposes only, may include content that does not form part of the prior art, and may not include what the prior art may present to a person skilled in the art.

The present invention has been derived to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method of creating a block chain using a patch transaction.

Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of creating a new block by generating a result value by adding a new patch transaction as well as a transaction included in the previous block when consensus on a block fails.

In order to achieve the above object, a method of creating a block chain using a patch transaction according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the step of receiving an n-th transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an n-th block-where n is an amount greater than 2 The integer of -; generating an n-1 th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the n th block by inputting an n-1 th transaction included in the n-1 th block into a preset function; Generating an n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the n-th block; Generating an nth block, which is the nth block, including the nth header, the nth transaction, and the n-1th result value; Performing a block chain consensus process for the n-th block; Generating an n-th patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the modified n-th block, if consensus fails as a result of the consensus process for the n-th block; Generating a modified n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the modified nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction and the nth patch transaction and inputting it to the preset function; Generating a modified n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the modified n-th block; Generating a modified nth block that is the modified nth block including the modified nth header, the nth transaction, the nth patch transaction, and the modified n-1 result value; Performing a consensus process of the block chain for the modified n-th block; And adding the modified n-th block to the blockchain when consensus is successful as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block.

In this case, in the step of generating the nth patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the modified nth block, the nth patch transaction may be generated according to a preset value or a preset method.

At this time, the method of creating a block chain using a patch transaction, if consensus fails as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block, in the step of generating the n-th patch transaction until consensus is successful, the block chain for the modified n-th block Repeating a predetermined number of times until the step of proceeding the consensus process of; And determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the results of the agreement are failed for the predetermined number of times.

At this time, the method of creating a block chain using a transaction, if consensus fails as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block, the block chain for the modified n-th block is generated in the step of generating the n-th patch transaction until consensus is successful. Repeatedly performing the step of proceeding the consensus process for a predetermined time; And determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the results fail as a result of repeating the agreement for the preset time.

In this case, the method of creating a block chain using a transaction may further include adding the n-th block to the block chain when consensus is successful as a result of consensus on the n-th block.

A method of creating a block chain using a patch transaction according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of receiving an nth transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an nth block, where n is a positive integer greater than 2; Generating an nth patch transaction that is a patch transaction to be inserted into the nth block; An n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction, which is the n-1th transaction included in the n-1th block, and the nth patch transaction and inputting it to a preset function Generating a; Generating an n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the n-th block; Generating an nth block, which is the nth block, including the nth header, the nth transaction, the nth patch transaction, and the n-1th result value; Performing a block chain consensus process for the n-th block; And if consensus is successful as a result of consensus, adding the n-th block to the blockchain.

In this case, in the step of generating the nth patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the nth block, the nth patch transaction may be generated according to a preset value or a preset method.

In this case, the method of creating a block chain using a patch transaction includes: if consensus fails as a result of the consensus process, generating a modified n-th patch transaction, which is a new patch transaction to be inserted into the modified n-th block; Generating a modified n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the modified nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction and the modified nth patch transaction and inputting it to a preset function; Generating a modified n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the modified n-th block; Generating a modified nth block that is the modified nth block including the modified nth header, the nth transaction, the modified nth patch transaction, and the modified n-1 result value; Performing a block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block; And if consensus is successful as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, adding the modified n-th block to the blockchain.

At this time, the block chain creation method using the patch transaction, if consensus fails as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, the block for the modified n-th block in the step of generating the modified n-th patch transaction until consensus is successful. Repeating a predetermined number of times until the step of proceeding the chain consensus process; And determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the results of the agreement are failed for the predetermined number of times.

At this time, the block chain creation method using the patch transaction is that if consensus fails as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block, the block chain for the modified n-th block in the step of generating the modified n-th patch transaction until consensus is successful. Repeatedly performing the step of proceeding the consensus process of for a predetermined time; And determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the results fail as a result of repeating the agreement for the preset time.

When consensus on the block to be added to the blockchain fails, when calculating the result value of the newly recreated block, the result value using not only the transaction included in the previous block, but also a preset value or a patch transaction generated according to a preset method It is possible to reduce the disruption of the blockchain network by creating

3 is a flowchart illustrating a process of creating a block chain using a patch transaction in a block chain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of creating a block chain using a patch transaction in a block chain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of creating a block chain using a patch transaction when consensus fails in a block chain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of creating a block chain using a patch transaction when consensus fails in a block chain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, since various changes may be made to the embodiments, the scope of the patent application is not limited or limited by these embodiments. It is to be understood that all changes, equivalents, or substitutes to the embodiments are included in the scope of the rights.

The terms used in the examples are used for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features. It is to be understood that the presence or addition of elements or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof does not preclude in advance.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiment belongs. Terms as defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related technology, and should not be interpreted as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

In addition, in the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components regardless of the reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. In describing the embodiments, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, the blockchain system receives an nth transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an nth block (310). In this case, n is a positive integer greater than 2.

Meanwhile, in the case of the first block, which is the first block, the first transaction, which is a transaction inserted into the first block, and the first header, which is a header, are included in the first block, as in the existing on-the-next method, and the result value is in the first block. Is omitted.

In addition, the blockchain system generates an n-th patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the n-th block (312). In this case, the nth patch transaction may be generated according to a preset value or a preset method. At this time, a method of generating a patch transaction by using response data received in the consensus process in a predetermined method may be used.

In addition, the blockchain system connects the n-1th transaction, the n-1th transaction included in the n-1th block, and the nth patch transaction, and inputs it into a preset function. A -1 result value is generated (314).

In addition, the blockchain system generates an n-th header, which is a header to be inserted into the n-th block (316).

In addition, the blockchain system generates an nth block, which is an nth block including an nth header, an nth transaction, an nth patch transaction, and an n-1th result value (318).

Then, the blockchain system checks whether the consensus was successful by proceeding with the consensus process of the block chain for the n-th block (320).

If consensus fails as a result of the consensus in step 320, the blockchain system checks whether it satisfies the termination condition of the consensus process (322). At this time, the termination condition of the consensus process may mean that when consensus fails, consensus is repeated for a predetermined number of times in order to generate an n-th block until consensus is successful. Alternatively, the termination condition of the consensus process may mean that when consensus fails, the consensus process is repeated by continuously generating the n-th block for a predetermined time in order to generate the n-th block until consensus is successful.

As a result of the confirmation in step 322, if the termination condition of the consensus process is not satisfied, the blockchain system returns to step 312 and generates a modified n-th block, which is the nth block modified through step 318 in step 312, and the consensus process is completed in step 320. The process of checking the progress result can be repeated.

As a result of the confirmation in step 322, if the termination condition of the consensus process is satisfied, the blockchain system determines that a problem that cannot be resolved by itself has occurred, and terminates the algorithm. At this time, the blockchain system may report such problems to the administrator.

If consensus is successful as a result of the consensus in step 320, the blockchain system adds the nth block to the blockchain (324).

Referring to FIG. 4, a first block 410, which is a first block, is a first transaction T1-N, which is a transaction inserted into the first block, and a first block, which is a header, in the first block, similar to the existing on-the-next method. It may be configured to include a header (B1). In this case, the result value is omitted in the first block 410.

However, in the case of the remaining

blocks

420 and 430 except for the first block 410, each patch transaction is included, and each result value is preset by concatenating the transaction of the previous block and each patch transaction. It is created by entering into a function.

For example, the second block 420 is added to the second patch transaction (T1-P), which is a patch transaction generated by a preset value or a preset method each time the second block is generated, and the second block 420 Generated by concatenating the second transaction (T2-N), the second patch transaction (T1-P), and the first transaction (T1-N), the transaction of the first block 410 and inputting it to a preset function. A first result value R1, which is a result value added to the second block, and a second header B2, which is a header of the second block 420, may be included.

In this case, the first result value R1 is included in the second block 420 but is a result value for the consensus of the first transaction T1-N.

It can be seen that the block chain creation method of FIG. 4 uses a patch transaction except for the first block 410.

Referring to FIG. 5, the blockchain system receives an nth transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an nth block (510). In this case, n is a positive integer greater than 2.

In addition, the blockchain system generates an n-1th result value, which is a result value to be inserted into the nth block, by inputting the n-1th transaction, which is the n-1th transaction included in the n-1th block, into a preset function. (512).

In addition, the blockchain system generates an n-th header, which is a header to be inserted into the n-th block (514).

In addition, the blockchain system generates an nth block, which is an nth block including an nth header, an nth transaction, and an n-1th result value (516).

Then, the blockchain system checks whether the consensus was successful by proceeding with the consensus process of the blockchain for the n-th block (518).

If consensus fails as a result of the consensus in step 518, the blockchain system checks whether it satisfies the termination condition of the consensus process (520). At this time, the termination condition of the consensus process may mean that when consensus fails, consensus is repeated for a predetermined number of times in order to generate an n-th block until consensus is successful. Alternatively, the termination condition of the consensus process may mean that when consensus fails, the consensus process is repeated by continuously generating the n-th block for a predetermined time in order to generate the n-th block until consensus is successful.

As a result of the confirmation in step 520, if the termination condition of the consensus process is satisfied, the blockchain system determines that a problem that cannot be resolved by itself has occurred, and terminates the algorithm. At this time, the blockchain system may report such problems to the administrator.

As a result of the confirmation in step 520, if the termination condition of the consensus process is not satisfied, the blockchain system generates an nth patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the modified nth block (522). In this case, the nth patch transaction may be generated according to a preset value or a preset method. At this time, a method of generating a patch transaction by using response data received in the consensus process in a predetermined method may be used.

In addition, the blockchain system concatenates the n-1th transaction and the nth patch transaction and inputs it into a preset function to generate a modified n-1th result value, which is a result value to be inserted into the modified nth block (524).

In addition, the blockchain system generates a modified n-th header, which is a header to be inserted into the modified n-th block (526).

Then, the blockchain system generates a modified n-th block, which is a modified n-th block including a modified n-th header, an n-th transaction, an n-th patch transaction, and a modified n-1 result value (528) and step 518. Go back.

On the other hand, if consensus is successful as a result of the consensus in step 518, the blockchain system adds the successful nth block or modified nth block to the blockchain (530).

Referring to FIG. 6, a first block 610, which is a first block, is a first transaction (T1-N), which is a transaction inserted into the first block, and a first block, which is a header to the first block, similar to the existing on-the-next method. It may be configured to include a header (B1). In this case, the result value is omitted in the first block 610.

The second block, the second block 610, is a general transaction added to the second block 420 by omitting the second patch transaction (T1-P) in the same way as the existing on-the-next method, when consensus is not failed. In a second block generated by inputting a second transaction (T2-N), a second patch transaction (T1-P), and a first transaction (T1-N) that is a transaction of the first block 410 to a preset function, It may be configured to include a first result value R1 that is an added result value and a second header B2 that is a header of the second block 620.

The modified second block 622, which is a modified second block that is generated when the second block 610 fails to consensus, is a patch transaction generated according to a preset value or a preset method each time a block that fails to consensus is generated. A second patch transaction (T1-P), a second transaction (T2-N), a second patch transaction (T1-P), and a transaction of the first block 610, which are general transactions added to the modified second block 622 The first modified result value R1, which is a result value added to the second block generated by concatenating the first transaction T1-N, is input to a preset function, and the modified first result value R1, which is a header of the modified second block 622. It may be configured to include 2 headers (B2-1).

It can be seen that the block chain creation method of FIG. 6 uses a patch transaction if consensus fails in the consensus process of blocks other than the first block 410.

The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiment, or may be known and usable to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. -A hardware device specially configured to store and execute program instructions such as magneto-optical media, and ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include not only machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware device described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operation of the embodiment, and vice versa.

The software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, configuring the processing unit to operate as desired or processed independently or collectively. You can command the device. Software and/or data may be interpreted by a processing device or, to provide instructions or data to a processing device, of any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device. , Or may be permanently or temporarily embodyed in a transmitted signal wave. The software may be distributed over networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer-readable recording media.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described by the limited drawings, a person of ordinary skill in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on the above. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order from the described method, and/or components such as systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. described are combined or combined in a form different from the described method, or other components Alternatively, even if substituted or substituted by an equivalent, an appropriate result can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and claims and equivalents fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

receiving an nth transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an nth block, where n is a positive integer greater than 2;

generating an n-1 th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the n th block by inputting an n-1 th transaction included in the n-1 th block into a preset function;

Generating an n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the n-th block;

Generating an nth block that is the nth block including the nth header, the nth transaction, and the n-1th result value;

Performing a block chain consensus process for the n-th block;

Generating an n-th patch transaction, which is a patch transaction to be inserted into the modified n-th block, if consensus fails as a result of the consensus process for the n-th block;

Generating a modified n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the modified nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction and the nth patch transaction and inputting it to the preset function;

Generating a modified n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the modified n-th block;

Generating a modified nth block that is the modified nth block including the modified nth header, the nth transaction, the nth patch transaction, and the modified n-1 result value;

Performing a consensus process of the block chain for the modified n-th block; And

If consensus is successful as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, adding the modified n-th block to the blockchain

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction that includes.
The method of claim 1,

Generating an n-th patch transaction that is a patch transaction to be inserted into the modified n-th block,

Generating the nth patch transaction according to a preset value or a preset method

Blockchain creation method using patch transaction.
The method of claim 1,

If consensus fails as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block, a preset number of times from generating the n-th patch transaction to proceeding with the block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block until consensus is successful. Repeatedly performing; And

Determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the agreements fail as a result of proceeding the agreement for the predetermined number of times

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
The method of claim 1,

If consensus fails as a result of consensus on the modified n-th block, a preset time is from the step of generating the n-th patch transaction to proceeding with the block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block until consensus is successful. Performing iteratively during; And

Determining that the agreement has been finally failed if all of the agreements fail as a result of repeating the agreement for the predetermined period of time.

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
The method of claim 1,

If consensus is successful as a result of the consensus on the n-th block, adding the n-th block to the blockchain

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
receiving an nth transaction, which is a transaction to be inserted into an nth block, where n is a positive integer greater than 2;

Generating an nth patch transaction that is a patch transaction to be inserted into the nth block;

An n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction, which is the n-1th transaction included in the n-1th block, and the nth patch transaction and inputting it to a preset function Generating a;

Generating an n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the n-th block;

Generating an nth block, which is the nth block, including the nth header, the nth transaction, the nth patch transaction, and the n-1th result value;

Performing a block chain consensus process for the n-th block; And

If consensus is successful as a result of consensus, adding the nth block to the blockchain

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction that includes.
The method of claim 6,

Generating an n-th patch transaction that is a patch transaction to be inserted into the n-th block,

Generating the nth patch transaction according to a preset value or a preset method

Blockchain creation method using patch transaction.
The method of claim 6,

If consensus fails as a result of the consensus process, generating a modified n-th patch transaction that is a new patch transaction to be inserted into the modified n-th block;

Generating a modified n-1th result value that is a result value to be inserted into the modified nth block by concatenating the n-1th transaction and the modified nth patch transaction and inputting it to a preset function;

Generating a modified n-th header that is a header to be inserted into the modified n-th block;

Generating a modified nth block that is the modified nth block including the modified nth header, the nth transaction, the modified nth patch transaction, and the modified n-1 result value;

Performing a block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block; And

If consensus is successful as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, adding the modified n-th block to the blockchain

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
The method of claim 8,

If consensus fails as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, the process from generating the modified n-th patch transaction to proceeding with the block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block until consensus is successful is preset. Repeating the number of times; And

Determining that the agreement has finally failed if all of the agreements fail as a result of proceeding the agreement for the predetermined number of times

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
The method of claim 8,

If consensus fails as a result of the consensus on the modified n-th block, the process from generating the modified n-th patch transaction to proceeding with the block chain consensus process for the modified n-th block until consensus is successful is preset. Repeating for a period of time; And

Determining that the agreement has been finally failed if all of the agreements fail as a result of repeating the agreement for the predetermined period of time.

Blockchain creation method using a patch transaction further comprising.
A computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded thereon for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.