KR20170091463A

KR20170091463A - Caisson structure, installation method there of and breakwater

Info

Publication number: KR20170091463A
Application number: KR1020160012517A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 소영수
Original assignee: 소영수
Priority date: 2016-02-01
Filing date: 2016-02-01
Publication date: 2017-08-09
Also published as: KR101836363B1

Abstract

In the present invention, when a caisson provided with an opening chamber is used to interlock the caisson structure with a filler material having a stony shape, a load supporting member capable of converting a frictional resistance to a shear stress generated in the interlocking filler material into a compression resistance is provided, To a caisson structure capable of preventing the breaking of the locking from occurring.
In the present invention, the interlocking filling material is filled in a state where at least one load supporting member is disposed in the vicinity of the center of the space of the connection room of the caisson, the interlocking filling material is kept in a state where the interlocking filling materials are not integrated with each other, Are disposed in the connection chamber so as to close at least a surface parallel to the arrangement direction of the two adjacent caisses.

Description

{CAISSON STRUCTURE, INSTALLATION METHOD THERE OF AND BREAKWATER}

The present invention relates to a caisson, and more particularly, to a caisson provided with an opening chamber, in which a caisson structure is filled with a quartz in an open chamber, and a load supporting member capable of converting a frictional resistance against a shear force generated in the quartz to a compression resistance To prevent the breakage of the interlocking from occurring.

The caisson in the harbor is a large concrete structure constructed in box form and installed on the sea floor. It is mainly used as a structure for main body such as breakwaters and quay walls, and is used to fill the interior with sand or stones. The caisson is a harbor structure that rests its own load against external forces to ensure stability. The caisson is constructed in such a manner that it is mounted side by side along the longitudinal direction of the area in which the port structure is to be constructed.

The resistance of the caisson to external forces is due to the load of the caisson itself. Therefore, the larger the caisson, the greater the resistance to external force. Therefore, by providing a compartment in the cabin, mounting the caisson on the mound, and filling the compartment in the cabin compartment with a filler, the load of the caisson is increased.

However, the external force acting on the caisson is not uniform in energy distribution in the width direction, but energy is concentrated at a specific position. For example, in the case of a breakwater, the waves are obliquely incident to the direction of the breakwater, not perpendicular to the normal direction of the breakwater, so that the maximum energy is concentrated at a specific location. In the case of a quay wall, Loads etc. are concentrated at specific locations. Therefore, when designing a caisson, the design is not based on the predicted average external energy, but assuming that energy is concentrated at a specific location, a cross section that is resistant to the entire section where the port structure is installed I will design a caisson. However, this is a design method that does not consider a small section of the external force acting on it, so that the cross section of the caisson becomes larger than the actual one. If the cross section of the caisson increases, the construction cost per unit length increases, The cost increases and the optimized design becomes impossible.

In order to solve this problem, active research has been actively conducted on a structure for smoothing the load by interposing caissons installed adjacent to each other on both sides to tighten the caissons. However, There are two ways to make the two adjacent caisses coalesce together by putting a concrete block or concrete into it, making the adjoining caisson be bound by a cable, And a method of installing and bonding them together have been attempted.

However, in the method of interlocking the caissons, when the interlocking is performed due to the behavior of the specific caisson, the rigid bodies collide with each other and the caisson portion is damaged. This phenomenon occurs frequently, especially when the interlocking part of the caisson does not respond flexibly to the horizontal behavior of the caisson and the uneven settlement.

As a method of interlocking in recent years, it has been recognized that the interlocking of a caisson can be performed by friction resistance between sandstones as a method of interlocking in recent years, Research is underway.

The stones that are filled in the interlocking portion exhibit the interlocking effect by the frictional force due to the internal friction angle between the stones. However, filler materials such as sandstone have a porosity of about 40% and become compressive. Therefore, when a load larger than the frictional resistance of the filler stones is applied to the individual caissons, the caisson behaves and horizontal displacement occurs. For example, according to a research article titled "Comparison of Shear Behavior Characteristics of Acrylic Aggregate by Large Direct Shear Test and Large Triaxial Test" (author Dae Soo Kim, Kyungil Il, and Oh Seung), shear deformation The experimental results show that the shear stress reaches the maximum value when the direction of the force is 8% or more. Therefore, assuming that the cross-section of the caisson is 10 m, it means that horizontal displacement of about 80 cm occurs due to shear deformation. Generally, when the caisson is mounted, the spacing between the adjacent caissons is about 10 to 20 cm. When the above-mentioned horizontal displacement occurs, such a gap widens as a result, the inner stones flow out to the outside, The interlocking effect of the caisson disappears, and the structure eventually destroys.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to overcome the above-described problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a filler, which comprises a filler filled in an interlocking space and a caisson connecting one or more load- A compressive load is applied to the filler material between the caisson and the load-supporting member when the caisson tries to move, thereby acting as a distribution load on the load-bearing member, so that the activity resistance of the filler is not a frictional resistance It is possible to prevent the connected caisses from being displaced from each other by shifting to the compression resistance and to prevent the caisson from being damaged by transferring the load dispersed with the distribution load reliably to the caisson by the load supporting member, Which can enhance the stability of port structures, and its construction method, and And an object thereof is to provide a harbor structure using the same.

As a solution to the above problems, the present invention provides a caisson structure constructed with a caisson having side open open chambers at both ends thereof, wherein the open chambers of two neighboring caissons are opposed to each other, Wherein the inner space of the connection chamber is filled with an interlocking filler and at least one load supporting member is disposed in the vicinity of the center of the connection room inner space, Wherein the interlocking filling material is filled with an interlocking filling material, and the load supporting member is provided with at least a surface parallel to the array direction of the two adjacent caissons in the connecting room Wherein the caisson structure comprises a plurality of cavities.

In the above-mentioned caisson structure, the load supporting members are provided with facing portions facing the side surfaces of the two caissons facing each other.

In the caisson structure, the load supporting member may include support line portions that support at least two mutually spaced apart sides of the two caissons facing each other.

In the caisson structure, the load supporting members are hooked on protrusions formed on respective side surfaces of the two caissons facing each other.

In the caisson structure, the load supporting member has a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is filled with a filler.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cement, comprising the steps of: preparing a caisson having side open side openings at both ends thereof; installing a cement stone on the underside surface; transferring the prepared cement to the cement mound; The method comprising the steps of: preparing a connection chamber in which a fillet material for interlocking in a stalactite form can be filled between two neighboring caissons by mounting the open chambers facing each other; Filling the interlocking filler material in the connecting chamber with the load supporting member being disposed and filling the compartment of the caisson case with a filler material; When the interlocking filler materials are not integrated with each other, the upper concrete is placed on the caisson PL provides the construction of a caisson structure method comprising the steps:

The present invention also provides a harbor structure including the caisson structure, and a harbor structure constructed by the construction method of the caisson structure.

According to the present invention, since the frictional resistance is converted into the compression resistance by the load supporting member, the activity resistance of the caisson interlocked by the slag filler can be further increased.

Further, since the frictional resistance is converted into the compression resistance, the load is distributed to the wall portion of the caisson to be interlocked, so that the stability of the caisson can be further improved.

Also, due to the effect of the present invention, the effect predicted by the constitution of the present invention should be recognized as an effect of the present invention even if not described directly herein.

1 is a perspective view showing a caisson and a load supporting member according to the present invention,
2 is a perspective view showing a state in which a load supporting member is installed in a caisson structure according to the present invention,
3 is a plan view showing a change in resistance acting on a filler before and after a load member is installed on a caisson structure according to the present invention,
4 to 9 are views showing various embodiments of the load supporting member according to the present invention, and Figs.
10 to 14 are views showing a method of constructing a caisson structure according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. shall.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a caisson and a load supporting member according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which a load supporting member is installed in a caisson structure according to the present invention, and FIG. This is a top view showing the change in resistance acting on the filler before and after installation.

The caisson 10 used in the caisson structure of the present invention is divided into a vessel 17 portion and an open chamber portion 12. The compartment 17 is provided with a plurality of compartments 19 in the front, rear, left, and right sides in the same manner as in the conventional widely used type, and the inside thereof is filled with a filling material to be a load of the caisson. Since the bottom of the compartment 19 is clogged, the filling material filled in the compartment 19 becomes a load of the caisson, and the bottom of the caisson is placed on the mound to be described later. Therefore, as the load of the caisson becomes larger, the frictional force between the bottom of the caisson and the mound increases, and the load of the caisson basically becomes a source against external force.

Unlike the above-described compartments 19, on both sides of the caisson 10, the filler can not be filled by itself. However, when the sides of the two caissons adjacent to each other face each other, (Not shown). That is, the open chamber 12 may be formed by cutting the compartment 19 in half. However, since the load acts mechanically in a manner different from that of the compartment, the shape of the opening can be appropriately modified correspondingly.

As an example of such a modification, a larger horn is formed between the side of the caisson and the protruding member provided on the front and back sides of the caisson (which is about half the length of the compartment, but not limited thereto) Respectively. In addition, a projecting portion 16 is formed in the central area of the side face of the caisson, which functions as a shear key for the filling material filled in the connecting chamber 14 formed by the two open chambers 12 facing each other. Also, as will be described later, the protruding portion 16 can also function to support the load-supporting member 20.

When the caissons are mounted side by side, the distance between two adjacent caissons has a tolerance of about 10 cm to 20 cm. Therefore, the connecting room 14 formed by facing the open chambers 12 of the two caissons may have a space of 10 cm to 20 cm in front and back. In consideration of this point, the filler material can be prevented from leaking out to the outside by filling the connecting chamber 14 with stones having a larger diameter than the gap between the adjacent two caissons. You can also take other actions in various ways to fill the gap between the two caissons.

On the other hand, in the illustrated embodiment, the open chamber is of a shape without a bottom portion. According to the structure in which the bottom portion of the opening chamber is not provided, the filling material filled in the connecting chamber formed by facing the opening chamber directly touches the mound provided on the sea floor. Therefore, if the connecting seam formed by the caisson is filled with stones having the same or similar size as that of the mound, there is no possibility that the stones of the connecting room leak out through the gap between the caissons or the mound, A considerable level of frictional coefficient (for example, about 0.8) is generated between the rocks. In this way, even if there is no bottom part in the open chamber, the burr filled in the open chamber contributes to increase the caisson resistance ability against the external force.

Thus, a caisson having open chambers on both sides is economical in terms of less material compared to a general caisson having the same length. That is, by forming one coupling chamber by facing the open chamber, one coupling chamber per caisson can be constituted as compared with the conventional caisson. Of course, the walls that make up both sides of the caisson can also be made thinner than a conventional caisson. This is possible because the filling material filled in the compartment 17 and the filling material filled in the opening space are offset from each other by acting on the wall, based on the wall formed on the side of the caisson.

When the stones are filled in the connecting chamber 14 formed by the two opposed open chambers 12, interlocking is made between two adjacent caissons. Therefore, the stability can be significantly increased as compared with the case where the caissons are individually formed as in the conventional case.

In addition to the above features, the present invention has a technical idea in that a load supporting member 20 is further provided at a central portion of the connecting chamber 14 so as to extend in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the caissons. 3, the connection chamber 14 on the left side is filled with the stones as the filling material for interlocking in a state in which the load supporting member 20 is not provided, and the connection chamber 14 on the right side is connected to the load supporting member 20, Is filled with silt.

In a state where a load supporting member is not provided in the direction shown in the central portion of the connection chamber filled with stones, when more external force is applied to any one of the neighboring caissons (the center caisson in Fig. 3) Shear stress is generated in the sandstone filled in the connecting chamber 14 as shown in Fig. Such shear stress can be generated continuously in the front-rear direction of the caisson as shown in the left connecting chamber 14 in Fig. If the stones filled in the joint chamber are arranged in an unexpected form and do not have enough frictional resistance to overcome the shear stress generated in the forward and backward direction, there is a fear that the caisson with more external force may be pushed.

In view of this point, the present invention can eliminate this concern by placing the load-supporting member 20 at the center as shown in the right connecting chamber 14 in Fig. In other words, since the load supporting member 20 is present at the center, an external force acts on the caisson, so that the shearing force acting on the filling material in the connecting chamber by the wall on the front side or the rear side of the caisson is transmitted to the load supporting member 20 To a distribution compressive force. However, the load supporting member 20 itself receives a moment due to two shearing forces acting on the shafts. However, since the inside of the connecting chamber is full of stones, this moment can be sufficiently resisted. Also, since the force acting on the load supporting member 20 is also applied to the load supporting member 20 in the form of a distribution load, there is little possibility that the load supporting member 20 is broken. Therefore, when the support load member 20 is installed in the connection chamber 14 which is the interlocking section of the caisson, the interlocking effect can be more reliably expected. However, the shape of the load supporting member 20 is not limited to a simple flat plate shape as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and various structures that are dynamically stable can be applied. In addition, as the material thereof, a steel plate, a synthetic concrete block, etc. may be used as well as a reinforced concrete structure so as to sufficiently cope with moment and compressive force. In addition, a suitable cross-sectional thickness can be secured to secure the strength depending on the material and structure.

4 to 9 are views showing various embodiments of the load supporting member according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows a state in which two caissons 10 are provided side by side with a compartment 19 of 3x4 in the compartment 17 and an opening chamber 12 at both ends thereof. The load-supporting member 20 is in the form of a flat plate, and is installed in such a manner as to be sandwiched between the projections 16 provided on both side surfaces of the caisson. The load supporting member 20 may be installed at two places as shown by solid lines or at one place as shown by the middle dotted lines. That is, in consideration of the front-back direction width of the caisson, etc., the load supporting member 20 can be installed at two or more places.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which two caissons 10 are provided side by side with a compartment 19 of 3 × 3 provided in the compartment 17 and an open chamber 12 provided at both ends thereof. The load supporting member 20 shown in Fig. 5 is in the form of a square pillar with a hollow portion 26 formed therein. The hollow portion 26 of the load supporting member 20 may be filled with a filling material so as to resist an external force transmitted by the interlocking filler material in the form of a stones that is filled in the connecting chamber 14. [ Both side surfaces of this type of load-bearing member are a facing portion 22 which respectively face the side surfaces of the caissons on both sides. It is not necessary that the facing portion and the side surface of the caisson are in close contact with each other and the interval between the facing portion 22 and the side surface of the caisson is narrower than that of the sealing chamber 14, . The front and rear surfaces of the load-supporting member 20 receive a shearing force transmitted by the stones filled in the connecting chamber 14 and reliably switch to a compressive force. The load supporting member 20 of Fig. 5 can also be installed at two or more positions in consideration of the front-back direction width of the caisson.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which two caissons 10 are provided side by side with a 3 × 2 compartment 19 provided at a compartment 17 and an open chamber 12 at both ends thereof. The load supporting member 20 shown in Fig. 6 has a flat plate portion in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the caisson structure and a facing portion 22 formed on both sides perpendicular to the flat plate portion. Facing portion 22 faces each side of the caissons on both sides. It is not necessary that the facing portion and the side surface of the caisson are in close contact with each other and the interval between the facing portion 22 and the side surface of the caisson is narrower than that of the sealing chamber 14, . This type of load bearing member is similar to the approximately H-shaped form.

The load supporting member 20 of Fig. 7 is different from the load supporting member of Fig. 4 in that it is in the form of a flat plate, but the protrusion is formed in the front-rear direction. The protruding portion functions as a shear key so that the interlocking stones and the load supporting member 20, which are filled in the connecting chamber 14, are well coupled to each other. Fig. 7 shows a state in which the load supporting member 20 is installed at two positions.

The load supporting member 20 of Fig. 8 is formed by connecting two plate portions extending in a direction parallel to the installation direction of the caisson structure with one connecting member to form an H-shape. The end of the plate portion constitutes a support line portion 24 facing the side of the caisson and the load support member 20 with respect to one caisson side has a support line portion 24 at two spaced apart locations. The space surrounded by the load supporting member 20 and the side surface of the caisson is filled with an interlocking filler material so that the load supporting member 20 is sufficiently pressed against the external force transmitted by the interlocking filler material filled in the connecting chamber 14 You can resist.

The load supporting member 20 of FIG. 9 differs from that of FIG. 8 in that two flat plate portions extending in a direction parallel to the installation direction of the caisson structure are connected by two connecting members to form a " have. The hollow portion 26 formed by the two flat plate portions and the two connecting members may be filled with filler. Needless to say, the space surrounded by the load supporting member 20 and the side surface of the caisson is also filled with interlocking filler. The load supporting member 20 of Fig. 9 also constitutes a support line portion 24 facing the side surface of the caisson, and the load supporting member 20 is disposed at two positions spaced apart from each other And a support line portion (24).

As described above, various types of load supporting members 20 that sufficiently resist the shear force transmitted by the filler and can sufficiently resist the moment are applicable.

On the other hand, such a load supporting member 20 may be replaced with a commercially available standard file in consideration of cost. In addition, when the load supporting member 20 is installed in the connection chamber, the load supporting member 20 can be installed on the mound, and the lower end of the load supporting member 20 can be installed in the connection chamber 14 It is possible. In this case, since the lower end portion of the load supporting member 20 is further supported by the mound, the load supporting effect can be further exerted.

FIGS. 10 to 14 are views sequentially showing a construction method of a caisson structure according to the present invention.

The construction method of the caisson structure according to the present invention is as follows.

First, the caisson 10 and the load supporting member 20 are prepared as shown in Fig. The caisson 10 is of the type having open sides 12 opened to both sides at its both ends and the support member has a width which is twice the width of the projecting member defining the front and rear faces of the opening chamber 12 of the caisson It is inside and outside. The caisson (10) is made on land and moved to the sea, where it is mounted.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the mound 50 is installed on the bottom surface of the section where the breakwaters are installed. The specifications of the stones installed in the mound are notified in the standard specifications prescribed by the Government of the Republic of Korea.

Then, as shown in FIG. 12, after the stony mound is installed, the caisson that has been stowed is lifted and installed on the mound. At this time, the opening chambers 12 provided on the side surfaces of the caissons are opposed to each other, and the connecting chambers 14 are formed.

Next, as shown in Fig. 13, a load supporting member 20 is provided at a central portion of the coupling chamber 14, and the interlocking filler 70 is filled. The compartment 19 is also filled with a compartment filler 90.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 14, the backside of the caisson is backfilled with the filler material 90 and the upper concrete 30 is installed.

The caisson structure is constructed by such a construction method, and the completed port structure is interlocked between the adjacent caissons by the interlocking filler material. Since no concrete or mortar is laid in the connection room filled with sandstone, When the load is large enough to move one of the caissons, the load is properly distributed to the distribution load by the filler in the connection room. Therefore, the load is concentrated on the fragile part of the unexpected caisson, In addition, since the shearing force acting on the interlocking filling material is surely converted into the compressive force by the load supporting member, the phenomenon that the interlocking state is broken due to the pushing force of the filling material engaged with each other can be reliably prevented.

That is, the caisson structure of the present invention is remarkable in that the filler is not integrated with the interlocking filler in the unified state, but its stability can be further enhanced.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. It is obvious that it is necessary to reach the technical idea of "

10: Caisson 12: Opening room
14: connection chamber 16: projection
17: box 19: compartment
20: load supporting member 22:
24: support line portion 26: hollow portion
30: Flooring concrete 50: Mound
70: filling material for interlocking 90: compartment filling material

Claims

A caisson structure constructed with a caisson having openings laterally open at both ends thereof,
The opening chambers of the two neighboring caissons are opposed to each other so that a connecting chamber is formed between the adjacent two caissons so that the quartz-shaped interlocking filler material can be filled, and the interlocking filling material is filled in the inner space of the connecting chamber A filler for interlocking is filled in a state where at least one load supporting member is disposed in the vicinity of the center of the connection chamber interior space,
Wherein the interlocking filler is installed in a state where the interlocking filler is not integrated with each other,
Wherein the load supporting member blocks at least a side of the coupling chamber that is parallel to an arrangement direction of the two adjacent caisses.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the load-bearing member has a facing portion facing each side of the two caissons facing each other.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the load supporting member has a support line portion supporting at least two mutually spaced apart sides of the two caissons facing each other.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the load supporting members are hooked on projections formed on respective side surfaces of the two caissons opposite to each other.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the load supporting member has a hollow portion,
Wherein the hollow portion is filled with a filler material.

Providing a caisson having openings laterally open at both ends thereof,
Installing a rock mound on the sea floor,
The prepared caisson is transferred to the stony mound, and the opening chambers of the two neighboring caissons are opposed to each other to mount a connecting chamber in which a fillet material for interlocking in a stalactite form can be filled between adjacent two caissons,
Disposing at least one load supporting member in the vicinity of a center of the connection chamber interior space to block a surface in parallel with the arrangement direction of the two adjacent caissons,
Filling the interlocking filler in the connecting chamber in a state where the load supporting member is disposed and filling the compartment of the caisson case with a filling material, and
And installing a standing concrete on the caisson in a state in which the interlocking filler materials filled in the connection chamber are not integrated with each other.

A harbor structure comprising the caisson structure of any one of claims 1 to 5.

A port structure constructed by the method of claim 6.