KR20200085431A - A Caison Comprising Friction Enhanced Lower Surface - Google Patents

Abstract

A caisson according to the present invention comprises: closed cells (12) each of which has an opened upper side and side surfaces defined by wall bodies (11); and frictional protrusions (60) protruding further downwards than the bottom surface or frictional recesses (70) indented further upwards than the bottom surface, which are arranged on the bottom surface facing a mound, wherein the frictional protrusions (60) or the frictional recesses (70) have first frictional surfaces (61 or 71) of which normal lines (j) are directed backward, and second frictional surfaces (62 or 72) of which normal lines (k) are directed forward, a plurality of the frictional protrusions (60) or the frictional recesses (70) are arranged in a back and forth direction to be spaced apart from each other, each of the closed cells (12) is filled with a filler (30), the first frictional surfaces (61 or 71) are engaged with a basic riprap forming the mound to resist a force of pushing the caisson backwards, and the second frictional surface (62) is engaged with the basic riprap forming the mound to resist a force of pushing the caisson forwards. Accordingly, the interlocking effect of the caisson can be greatly improved.

Description

A Caison Comprising Friction Enhanced Lower Surface

The present invention relates to a caisson having an increased frictional force between a caisson and a mound through a geometric shape and/or a friction coefficient increasing structure.

In general, caissons are structures that are essential for the construction of ports. For example, it is applied to important facilities of ports such as gravity-type quay walls and breakwaters.

Due to global warming, sea level has risen recently, and as a result, the invasion of blue waves over a design wave is expected, and if it does not respond appropriately to this change, the possibility of a major accident is gradually increasing. In the case of breakwaters, it has been enlarged as the design wave height increases, but it is a reality that 50-year-old design waves or more waves do not invade anytime, so they are focusing on preparing alternatives. I am troubled.

Accordingly, there is an urgent need for a plan to actively cope with changes in port logistics conditions, such as an increase in design waves due to climate change and large-sized ships, that is, an increase in horizontal force.

In the case of breakwaters, the caisson must withstand the horizontal force of the blue with its own weight. The force at which the caisson's self-weight resists the blue horizontal force is determined by the product of the friction coefficient between the caisson's self-weight, the base of the caisson, and the mound on which the caisson is placed. That is, even with a caisson of the same weight, the greater the friction coefficient of the bottom of the caisson, the better it resists the horizontal force of blue.

Accordingly, as a method for increasing the friction coefficient of the bottom surface of the caisson, efforts have been made to increase the friction coefficient between the caisson and the mound, such as attaching an asphalt mat on the bottom surface or mound of the caisson (Patent Document 1). However, asphalt mats are complex and difficult to construct and can cause environmental pollution problems.

Therefore, there is a need to find a method of increasing the frictional resistance due to the self-weight of the caisson itself. If the coefficient of friction between the bottom and the mound of the caisson increases, the self-weight of the caisson itself may be at least a better breakwater effect.

On the other hand, the blue is not always constant, and the horizontal force of the blue is concentrated in one caisson. However, if the caisson is designed with the assumption that the horizontal force will be concentrated, the caisson's weight must be increased, which leads to an increase in cost and deterioration of workability. For example, as the load of the caisson increases, not only the material cost, but also the size of heavy equipment such as a crane capable of handling it becomes larger.

Accordingly, a method of lowering the required load of the caisson has been proposed by interlocking neighboring caissons and leveling the horizontal force of the blue wave acting on the caisson. This includes, for example, placing a ready-made concrete block between two neighboring caissons.

However, since the fitting block to be sandwiched between the two caissons acts as a rigid body, even if one caisson focused on the actual blue horizontal force is pushed backwards and is supported by both interlocked caissons, it is a rigid block fitting. There is a very high risk of damage to the caisson or the fitting block as the load is concentrated at a certain point of the. In addition, as the fitting block is a rigid body, the construction difficulty is high in that the two neighboring caissons must be precisely aligned to provide a space for fitting.

In addition to this, a method of constructing a caisson having a structure in which an interlocking section in which reinforcing bars are interlocked between two neighboring caissons is interlocked, and this space is isolated from seawater, and concrete is poured to pour concrete at the point where two neighboring caissons meet each other is disclosed. There is a bar. However, since this construction method is conducted on site, the construction itself is very difficult, and after construction, the caissons are completely integrated by the concrete placed in the space facing the two caissons. There is a very high possibility that the interlocking effect disappears due to the phenomenon that the caisson on the ground cannot naturally settle down, and the stress generated due to the failure of the ultra-heavy caisson to concentrate is concentrated in a specific area and the connection part is destroyed.

On the other hand, it is not a structure for interlocking, but as a water-blocking structure for preventing gaps (joints) between caissons, by filling the slag material 10 which is gradually fixed between the caissons, it is freely deformed at the beginning of construction, and each caisson and foundation A caisson structure has been disclosed that allows the flow of water between caissons to be blocked by being cured and solidified over time while being able to follow the deformation of the mound (Patent Document 2). However, such a structure also has a difference in time to become a solidified body, and it remains unchanged that it becomes a solidified body. That is, after becoming a solidified body, it still has the problems of the above-described prior art, such as inability to cope with differential settlement.

Therefore, the inventor of this application has invented and patented an open cell interlocking caisson. This forms an open cell having a width of about 1/2 of the closed cell between two neighboring caissons, and is designed to withstand the shear force to the intercell configured by facing the open cells of two neighboring caissons. The branch was a method of filling the filling material (Patent Documents 3 to 5). In this method, since the filling material of the intercell, which functions as an interlocking function for the caisson, remains continuously flexible, it can permanently respond to uneven settlement and continuously enjoy the effect of dispersing shear force. In addition, the intercell itself can function as a cell of the caisson to increase the self-weight of the caisson. In addition, when the lower portion of the cell is opened, the filling material of the intercell directly contacts the mound and the friction coefficient can be further increased.

This interlocking method has a large shear resistance in the horizontal direction, so a large horizontal wave dispersion effect is large, and a shear resistance (or friction resistance) in the direction in which the caisson is conducted can be expected to play a large role in increasing the structure stability. However, since the friction coefficient between concrete and sandstone is about 0.6, a method for increasing the friction coefficient is needed to increase the safety of the structure. When the friction coefficient between the caisson surface and the sandstone that touches the sandstone increases, it is easy to secure stability and economical design is possible.

Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 707340 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-19132 Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 1613886 Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 1727510 Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 1780982

The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problem, and increases the friction coefficient between the caisson and the mound, thereby providing a caisson having a bottom surface structure capable of increasing resistance to blue without increasing the size and weight of the caisson. It is aimed at providing.

In addition, the present invention applies the structure applied to the bottom surface of the caisson to increase the coefficient of friction between the mound base stone and the bottom surface of the caisson, by applying the structure to the inner wall surface of the open cell, the interlocking structure of the sandstone interlock of the intercell is not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction It is an object of the present invention to provide a caisson, a port structure using the same, and a construction method so as to have sufficient shear resistance.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a caisson structure including a caisson having the following characteristics as a caisson structure mounted on an mound formed on the seabed by a basestone.

The caisson used in the structure comprises: a closed cell 12 which is open upwards and whose sides are defined by a wall 11; And a friction protrusion 60 provided on the bottom surface facing the mound and protruding further downward than the bottom surface.

The friction protrusion 60 includes a first friction surface 61 with its normal j facing rear and a second friction surface 62 with its normal k facing forward, and the friction protrusion 60 A plurality of dogs are spaced apart in the front-rear direction.

The first friction surface 61 of the friction protrusion 60 is engaged with the foundation sandstone forming the mound, resisting the force pushed backward by the caisson, and the second friction surface 62 of the friction protrusion 60 Is engaged with the foundation sandstone forming the mound, resisting the force that the caisson is pushed forward.

The friction protrusion 60 may be continuously extended in the lateral direction of the caisson.

The friction protrusion 60 may be intermittently extended in the left and right width directions.

The portion 67 where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended in the left and right width directions is disposed at a position shifted from the part where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended in the horizontal direction, which is disposed at the front or rear side, and is more than that. Can be placed.

And the protrusion side 68 facing the broken portion 67 of the friction protrusion 60 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 69 of the space between the friction protrusions 60 formed by the broken portion 67 expands It can be made into the form.

The width (c) of the inlet (66) of the space (65) between the friction projections (60) spaced apart in the front-rear direction is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the foundation sandstone forming the mound, and the space between The depth d of 65 may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length l of the foundation sandstone forming the mound.

On the other hand, the caisson used in the structure includes: a closed cell 12, which is opened upward and the side is defined by the wall 11; And a friction groove 70 provided on the bottom surface facing the mound and recessed upward from the surface of the bottom surface.

The friction groove 70 may be provided in place of the friction protrusion 60 or may be provided together with the friction protrusion 60. The friction protrusion 60 and the friction groove 70 may be alternately arranged along the front-rear direction.

The friction groove 70 has a first friction surface 71 with its normal j facing rear and a second friction surface 72 with its normal k facing forward, and the friction groove 70 A plurality of silver may be spaced apart in the front-rear direction.

The first friction surface 71 of the friction groove 70 is engaged with the foundation sandstone forming the mound, resisting the force pushed backward by the caisson, and the second friction surface 72 of the friction groove 70 Is engaged with the foundation sandstone forming the mound, resisting the force that the caisson is pushed forward.

The friction groove 70 may extend continuously in the lateral direction of the caisson.

The friction groove 70 may be intermittently extended in the left and right width directions.

The width (c) of the inlet of the friction groove (70) is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the foundation sandstone that creates the mound, and the depth (d) of the friction groove (70) is the foundation that creates the mound It may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone.

The filling material 30 is filled in each of the closed cells 12.

The angle formed by the normal (j, k) and the horizontal plane may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

The angle a formed between the normal j and the horizontal plane may be smaller than the angle b formed by the normal k to the horizontal plane.

An angle a formed between the normal j and the horizontal plane may be 0 degrees, and an angle b formed between the normal k and the horizontal plane may be 45 degrees. That is, the first friction surfaces 61 and 71 may be vertical surfaces, and the second friction surfaces 62 and 72 may be inclined surfaces that are inclined so that the distance from the first friction surface increases as it goes downward.

The caisson 10 is formed on the side of the caisson facing the neighboring caisson, and is opened upward and the inner side and the front and rear are defined by the wall 11 and at least a part of the side facing the neighboring caisson is opened It may be provided with an open cell (13).

The plurality of caissons 10 are installed in a row on the mound so that the open cells 13 face each other, and the open cells are continuously spaced in the intercell 22 space formed by the two open cells 13 facing each other. Since the sandstone maintaining the flexible state is filled, the sandstone inside the intercell 22 can interlock two neighboring caissons.

At least a portion of the wall 11 defining the inner side and front and rear surfaces of the open cell 13, friction protrusions 80 protruding from the surface of the wall 11 and depressions recessed from the surface of the wall 11 At least one of the grooves 90 may be formed.

The friction protrusion 80 has an upper surface 81 with its normal j facing upward and a lower surface 82 with its normal k facing downward, and the friction groove 90 has its normal ( j) may be provided with an upper surface 91 facing downward and a lower surface 92 with its normal k facing upward. Here, the angle (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the vertical line may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

A plurality of friction protrusions 80 may be spaced apart in the vertical direction, and a plurality of friction grooves 90 may be spaced apart in the vertical direction.

The upper surface 81 of the friction projection 80 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22 to resist the force that the caisson formed with the friction projection 80 is lifted upward, and the friction projection 80 The lower surface 82 of the mesh with the sandstone filled in the intercell 22, to form the intercell 22 and resists the force that neighboring caissons lift upward.

The lower surface 92 of the friction groove 90 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22, resists the force that the caisson formed with the friction groove 90 is lifted upward, and the friction groove 90 The upper surface 91 of the intercell 22 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22, thereby forming the intercell 22 and resisting the force that neighboring caissons lift upward.

The width (c) of the inlet (86) of the space (85) between the friction protrusions (80) spaced in the vertical direction is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone filled in the intercell, and the space between The depth d of 85 may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length l of the sandstone filled in the intercell.

The width (c) of the entrance of the friction groove (90) is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone filled in the intercell, and the depth (d) of the friction groove (90) is filled in the intercell May be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone.

The friction protrusion 80 and the friction groove 90 may be provided in the caisson 10 together.

The friction protrusion 80 may be provided in one open cell 13 of the caisson 10, and the friction groove 90 may be provided in the other open cell 13.

The friction protrusion 80 and the friction groove 90 may be provided together on the inner wall of one open cell 13.

The friction protrusion 80 may be continuously extended in the horizontal direction.

The friction protrusion 80 may be intermittently extended in the horizontal direction.

The portion 87 of the friction protrusion 80, which is disposed at the bottom and intermittently extended in the horizontal direction, is cut off from the part where the friction protrusion 80, which is disposed at the top and intermittently extended in the horizontal direction, is broken. Can be deployed.

The protrusion side 88 facing the broken portion 87 of the friction protrusion 80 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 89 of the space between the friction protrusions 80 formed by the broken portion 87 is expanded It can be in the form.

The friction groove 90 may extend continuously in the horizontal direction.

The friction protrusion 80 may be intermittently extended in the horizontal direction.

On the inner side defining the open cell 13, a shear key 18 for load distribution and generation of frictional force may be formed when the open cell area is flexibly filled with sandstone.

The closed cell 12 may be disposed at least in front of the front of the open cell 13 and behind the rear of the open cell 13.

The bottom member 16 may be disposed below the open cell 13 at the rear of the caisson.

The lower portion of the open cell 13 may be partially or completely open.

The sandstone filled in the space of the intercell 22 may be a standard corresponding to the sandstone of the mound.

An upper teeth concrete may be installed on the caisson.

A backfill sandstone 50 may be installed at the rear of the caisson.

In addition, the present invention is a method of constructing the caisson structure, forming a mound by laying a foundation stone on the bottom surface of the sea floor; Flattening the mound top surface; Forming an intercell 22 by arranging and stopping a plurality of caissons 10 sideways so that the open cells 13 face each other on an even surface of the mound; And a filling material is filled in the cell 12 of the caisson 10 that is stationary, and the intercell 22 is filled with a sandstone of a size corresponding to the basic sandstone, and the sandstone inside the intercell 22 is the mound of the mound. It provides a caisson construction method comprising a; step to be kept flexible in a connected state.

After filling the cell 12 and the intercell 22 with a filling material, the step of installing an upper block may be further included.

After filling the cell 12 and the intercell 22 with a filling material, a step of laying the rear filling stone 50 may be further included.

According to the caisson structure of the present invention, since the friction coefficient between the bottom and the mound of the caisson can be greatly increased, the weight of the caisson corresponding to the design crest can be greatly reduced.

In addition, the weight reduction of the caisson according to the present invention is directly related to economic efficiency and ease of construction.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the stability of the sea breakwater, significantly reduce the maintenance-related budget due to the destruction of the caisson, and design and utilize a new concept of port structure that can respond to climate change.

The open cell of the caisson greatly increases the coefficient of friction in the vertical direction between the inner wall surface of the open cell and the sandstone filled in the intercell, thereby significantly increasing the resistance to differential moments acting on neighboring caissons. That is, such an open cell caisson can enjoy a definite interlocking effect not only for the interlocking force acting in the front-rear direction, but also for the external force capable of conducting the caisson.

The intercell is filled with a flexible sandstone-shaped filling material, so that stress concentration does not occur, and structural safety is higher than that of the existing interlocking caisson.

In addition, the effect of dispersing the maximum load acting on the port structure is permanently maintained by the interlocking effect generated by the sandstone that maintains a permanently flexible state between adjacent caissons, thereby permanently increasing the stability of the structure's activity and conduction. Can.

In addition, according to the structure in which the bottom member of the open cell is eliminated, the ground reaction force due to the action load on the structure is also significantly reduced by the effect of dispersion, and in particular, the ground reaction force reduction effect is generated even by the friction of the wall. You can save money.

In addition, according to the present invention, since the interlocking portion is filled with a flexible sandstone type filling material, the caisson mounted on the subsided ground can move flexibly and independently of neighboring caissons even when the ground is unevenly subsided. The risk of destruction of the caisson structure and the interlocking portion due to the differential settlement of the can be blocked in advance.

In addition, the present invention is easier and economical to construct because there is no need to perform underwater work or additional equipment for interlocking.

In addition, according to the present invention, the interlocking structure of the caisson is flexible and is integrally formed with the mound, so that the interlocking effect of the caisson can be greatly increased.

In addition, according to the present invention, since the interlocking continuously maintains a flexible state, when dismantling the caisson, there is a strength that it is possible to dismantle the caisson structure without much difference from a caisson structure that is not interlocked.

In addition to the above-described effects, the concrete effects of the present invention will be described together while describing the specific matters for carrying out the invention.

1 is a perspective view of a floor friction increasing caisson as a first embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a floor friction increasing caisson constructed as an open cell as a first embodiment according to the present invention.
3 is a plan view of the caisson of FIG. 2.
4 is a side view of the caisson of FIG. 2.
5 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson to which the first modification of the friction protrusion of FIG. 5 is applied.
7 is a view showing a bottom surface of the caisson to which the second modification of the friction protrusion of FIG. 5 is applied.
8 to 10 are views showing the results of measuring the coefficient of friction of the bottom surface of the caisson of the first embodiment in which friction protrusions are formed on the bottom surface of the caisson.
11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1.
12 is a view of the wall of FIG. 11 viewed from the side.
13 is a view showing a first modification of the friction projection of FIG. 12.
14 is a view showing a second modification of the friction projection of FIG. 12.
15 is a plan view showing a state where a plurality of caissons of FIG. 1 are mounted.
16 shows a state in which the filling material is filled in the cell of the caisson of FIG. 15.
17 is a view showing a construction step of the port structure using the caisson of FIG.
18 is a perspective view of a floor friction increasing caisson as a second embodiment according to the present invention.
19 is a plan view of the caisson of FIG. 18.
20 is a side view of the caisson of FIG. 18.
21 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson of FIG. 18.
22 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson to which the first modification of the friction projection of FIG. 21 is applied.
23 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson to which the second modification of the friction projection of FIG. 21 is applied.
24 is a state in which a plurality of caissons of FIG. 18 are mounted, and a filling material is filled in the cells of the caissons? It is a plan view showing the state.
25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 24.
26 is a side view of the caisson of the third embodiment provided with a friction groove instead of the friction protrusion of FIG. 20.
27 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson of FIG. 26.
28 is a view showing a bottom surface of the caisson to which the first modification of the friction groove of FIG. 27 is applied.
FIG. 29 is a view showing the bottom surface of the caisson to which the second modification of the friction groove of FIG. 28 is applied.
30 is a plan view of a floor friction increasing caisson as a fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
31 is a plan view of a floor friction increasing caisson as a fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
32 is a plan view of a floor friction increasing caisson as a sixth embodiment according to the present invention.
33 is a perspective view of a caisson of the seventh embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 34 shows a part of the CC cross-section in FIG. 33.
35 is a view showing a first modification of the friction groove in FIG. 33;
36 is a view showing a second modification of the friction groove in FIG. 33;

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and various modifications can be made and implemented in various different forms. However, this embodiment is provided to make the disclosure of the present invention complete and to fully inform the person of ordinary skill in the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but also replaces or adds the configuration of one embodiment to the configuration of another embodiment, as well as all modifications and equivalents included in the technical spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood to include an alternative.

The accompanying drawings are only for easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, and the technical spirit disclosed in the specification is not limited by the accompanying drawings, and all changes and equivalents included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention It should be understood to include water to substitutes. In the drawings, the components may be exaggeratedly large or small in size or thickness in consideration of convenience of understanding, but for this reason, the protection scope of the present invention should not be limitedly interpreted.

The terms used in this specification are only used to describe specific embodiments or examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. And a singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the specification, terms such as ~include, ~consist of, etc. are intended to designate the existence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification. In other words, in the specification, terms such as ~include, ~consist of. It should be understood that one or more other features or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts or combinations thereof are not excluded in advance.

Terms including ordinal numbers such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components.

When an element is said to be "connected" or "connected" to another component, it is understood that other components may be directly connected to or connected to the other component, but there may be other components in between. It should be. On the other hand, when a component is said to be "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that no other component exists in the middle.

It should be understood that when an element is referred to as being “above” or “below” another element, other elements may be present in the middle as well as being disposed immediately above the other element. .

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms, such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary, should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with meanings in the context of related technologies, and should not be interpreted as ideal or excessively formal meanings unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

<First Example>

1 to 8, a caisson having a structure in which a friction protrusion 60 is applied to a bottom surface is shown.

On the bottom surface of the caisson 10, that is, the surface facing the mound, a friction protrusion 60 having a shape extending in a width direction (left and right direction) may be formed. The friction protrusion 60 may have a shape that protrudes downward more than the surface of the bottom surface of the caisson 10. A plurality of friction protrusions 60 may be spaced apart in the front-rear direction.

The friction protrusion 60 may protrude in a trapezoidal shape in which its width narrows as it protrudes or protrudes in a rectangular cross-sectional shape from the bottom surface of the caisson 10. Accordingly, the friction protrusion 60 may include a first friction surface 61 with the normal j facing the rear, and a second friction surface 62 with the normal k facing the front. When the friction protrusion 60 is in the form of a rectangular cross-section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the horizontal line may be 0 degrees. When the friction protrusion 60 is in the form of a trapezoidal cross section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the horizontal line may be greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

5, the friction protrusion 60 may be continuously extended in the left and right direction. The width c of the inlet 66 of the space 65 between the friction protrusions 60 spaced in the front-rear direction is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length l of the sandstone forming the mound, and the space The depth d of 65) may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length l of the mound basestone.

The base sandstone that forms the mound may have a specification of 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA. If the length of one side of the basic sandstone specification is the nominal length, the length of one side can be referred to as the minimum nominal length (l) when the size of the stone corresponding to 0.015 m ³ /EA is converted into a cube. For example, it may be on the order of 0.25 m.

The width c of the inlet of the interspace 65 may be 1/2 or more of the minimum nominal length l. When the width is smaller than 1/2, the sandstone does not mesh well with the interspace 65, and the effect of increasing the coefficient of friction between the base sandstone and the bottom of the caisson is significantly reduced. In addition, if the width is greater than four times the minimum nominal length (l), the number of friction projections engaging the sandstone decreases, and the effect of increasing the friction coefficient is hardly seen.

The first friction surface 61 of the friction protrusion 60 is engaged with the base sandstone of the mound, resists the force pushed backward by the caisson 10 on which the friction protrusion 60 is formed, and the second friction surface ( 62) guides the foundation stone to be smoothly inserted into the interspace 65. Of course, when the force pushed forward by the caisson 10 acts, the second friction surface 62 can resist the force pushed forward.

The angle (a) of the normal (j) of the first friction surface (61) with the horizontal surface and the angle (b) of the normal (k) of the second friction surface (62) with the horizontal surface may be different from each other. Since the force that the caisson pushes backward is generally greater than the force pushed forward, the angle (a) of the normal (j) of the first friction surface (61) with the horizontal surface is normal (k) of the second friction surface (62). It may be smaller than the angle (b) formed with the horizontal plane. For example, a may be 0 degrees and b may be 45 degrees. According to this, the sliding resistance of the first frictional surface 61 is further increased, and the second frictional surface 62 can guide the stone into the interspace 65 more naturally.

According to the embodiment, although the cross-sectional shape of the friction protrusion is rectangular or trapezoidal, the structure may be circular or serrated.

The friction protrusion 60 may have a shape extending continuously in the left and right width directions, as shown in FIG. 5.

While the friction coefficient of the bottom surface of the caisson having a flat bottom without any friction protrusion is less than 0.5, when the friction protrusion 60 as described above is formed, the friction coefficient of the bottom surface of the caisson increases to 0.6 to 0.8. It became (refer to FIGS. 8-10).

As a first modification to the friction protrusion 60 shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 6, the friction protrusion 60 may be intermittently extended in the left and right width directions. And the protrusion side 68 facing the broken portion 67 of the friction protrusion 60 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 69 of the space between the friction protrusions 60 formed by the broken portion 67 is expanded Can be in the form of Accordingly, FIG. 6 illustrates a structure in which the friction protrusion 60 has a square pyramid shape.

7 shows a second modification of the friction protrusion 60. This is the shape of the individual friction protrusion 60 is the same as the first modification example of Fig. 6, but the arrangement is different. That is, the portion 67 where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended in the horizontal direction is disposed adjacent to the front or rear side, and is located at a position where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended to the side. Can be deployed. The protrusion side 68 facing the broken portion 67 of the friction protrusion 60 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 69 of the space between the friction protrusions 60 formed by the broken portion 67 is expanded It can be in the form.

According to this structure, the mound base sandstone engaged between the lateral neighboring friction protrusions 60 is also the result of being engaged with the friction protrusions 60 located at the front or rear side thereof, so the coefficient of friction in the front-rear direction between the mound and the caisson Increases.

As described above, the width of the opening 69 is the minimum nominal length of the mound base stone (also described above), also in the cut portion 67 provided between the adjacent friction protrusions 60 in the lateral direction of the first variant and the second variant. l) of 1/2 to 4 times, the depth may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the mound base stone.

In addition, the angle between the normal of the protruding side 68 and the horizontal surface may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

The friction protrusions in the intermittent form, such as the friction protrusions in the lateral direction or the modification examples, may be used in combination with each other in the front-rear direction and/or in the left-right direction. In addition, although not shown, the shape is not necessarily limited to a trapezoidal cross section or a square truncated shape, and various modifications are possible. It is obvious that friction projections of various shapes such as a truncated cone, a regular octagonal truncated cone, and a regular hexagonal truncated cone may be applied.

The caisson of the first embodiment may be an open cell caisson as shown in FIG. 2.

The caisson of FIG. 1 forms a closed cell of width*length 4*3, and for this purpose, four sidewalls extending in the left-right direction are arranged side by side, and the sidewalls extending in the front-rear direction are turned left and right. It may be in the form of five spaced apart. These conventional caissons are arranged left and right, and then, after the filling material is filled in the closed cell, the upper teeth block is installed.

On the other hand, looking at the structure of the unit structure caisson 10 shown in FIG. 2, the caisson according to the present invention is provided with a cell 12 of width*length 3*3, and an open cell of width*length 1/2*3 (22) is provided at both ends, the cell having the same number and volume as the caisson of FIG. 1 as a whole, while the sidewalls in the form extending in the left and right directions are arranged side by side in four, and extending in the front and rear direction The sidewalls of the shape are four spaced side by side. That is, the number of sidewalls is reduced by one compared to the conventional caisson. If the length of the front and rear face members is about 0.5 to 3 m, the lengths of the two front and rear face members facing each other correspond to twice the length of the front and rear face members, thereby forming an inter alia cell by two front and rear face members. The cell 22 can be formed.

In addition, when the front-rear member is configured in the form of a cell (see FIGS. 30 to 32), the length of the cell corresponding to the front-rear member may be set to about 6 m or less corresponding to the length of the closed cell 12. . Since the intercell itself functions as a cell with the meaning of one intact cell, it forms a joint on the surface facing each other between the caissons and blocks the flow of water through the gaps between the caissons by occluding this part. It is clearly distinguished from the structure of Patent Document 2. That is, the intercell functions as a cell for preventing the weight and pushing of the caisson, but does not function to suppress the flow of water through the gap between the caissons. Rather, the intercell does not block the flow of water because the inside is filled with sandstone, as will be described later.

The walls of both sides of the conventional caisson are formed relatively thicker than the walls formed in the middle. Because the wall formed in the middle is filled with filling material in both cells based on the wall, the load applied to both sides of the wall is the same, but the walls on both sides of the caisson are filled with filling material on one side while seawater is on the other side. This is because the load applied to both sides of the wall is different because they are in contact. Therefore, looking at the conventional caisson, the walls at both ends are formed relatively thicker than the walls formed in the middle.

However, according to the present invention, the walls 11 at both ends of the caisson 10 may be thicker than the walls formed in the middle. That is, according to the present invention, since the walls on both sides of the caisson are also filled with the filling material on the cell 12 on one side and the filling on the intercell 22 on the other side, the load applied to both sides of the wall is substantially It is worth noting that it becomes the same. Therefore, according to the features of the present invention, as compared to a typical caisson, not only the sidewall is reduced by one more, but also the thickness of the sidewalls formed on both sides can be relatively thinner than in the prior art, thereby saving the material as a whole. The cost of making caissons can be significantly reduced.

Of course, since the construction itself is much simpler than the conventional interlocking structure, it is obvious that the construction cost can be greatly reduced while implementing the interlocking structure. In addition, if the weight of the caisson itself can be reduced, it is possible to reduce installation equipment cost, ground reinforcement cost, etc., thereby reducing the overall construction cost.

If the structure of the first embodiment of the caisson according to the present invention is described in more detail, the unit structure caisson 10 is in the form of a cell 12 formed in the hollow portion as shown. Each cell 12 is defined by its volume by the walls 11. The bottom of the caisson is blocked so that the filling material does not flow downward when the filling material is filled in the cell 12.

At both front and rear ends of the caisson, front and rear members 14 protruding in both directions are respectively formed. The front and rear face members 14 have a shape in which the walls 11 defining the front and rear surfaces of the caisson are further extended to each side. In this way, the spaces between the front and rear face members defined by the front and rear face members 14 on both sides of the caisson are open toward each other, that is, open, respectively, and the open cell 13 in describing the present invention It is called.

Next, the open cell 13 of the caisson has an open top, like the other cells 12. This is a natural structure to fill the filling material in the form of a sandstone in the space of the intercell 22 to be described later generated by the open cell 13.

The open cell 13 of the caisson of the first embodiment is provided with a bottom member 16. The bottom member 16 is loaded with a filling material filled in the intercell 22. Therefore, it should be noted that the load of the intercell 22 not only interlocks two neighboring caissons, but also acts as a caisson load.

The closed cell 12 of the caisson 10 is filled with a filling material, and the lower part of the closed cell 12 is blocked, so that the filled material filled in the closed cell serves as the weight of the caisson.

Between the front and rear face members 14 formed on the front and rear ends of both sides of the caisson, a plurality of shear keys 18 protruding outward to the side of the caisson are further formed. The front end key 18 may protrude outward by the same length as the front and rear member 14, or may be formed to protrude from the wall at a rate smaller than the protruding length of the front and rear member 14, as shown. In addition, the shear key 18 may have a trapezoidal shape as shown, protruding from the wall 11. When two neighboring caissons try to move relative to each other in the front-rear direction by the load applied from the outside by waves or the like, if there is no shear key 18 on the side of the wall 11, the filling material in the form of a sandstone is a front-rear member 14 Since all of the load is transmitted to the front, there is a fear that a high load is applied to the front and rear members 14. However, when the shear key 18 is formed as in the embodiment of the present invention, because the shear key 18 may have a frictional force with respect to the side surface of the wall due to the sandstone shape, the load is applied to the side surface of the wall 11 and the shear key ( 18) and the front and back members 14 are evenly distributed, so it is possible to significantly distribute the load applied to the front and back members 14. In particular, when the protruding length of the shear key 18 is formed to protrude at a smaller ratio than the protruding length of the front and rear members 14, the load is sufficient to distribute evenly between the shear key 18 and the front and rear members 14.

As described above, the shear key 18 supports the load dispersively when an external force is intensively applied to the caisson, and the sandstone filled in the intercell portion 22 interlocks. Here, it should be noted that the shear key 18 is a structure having little meaning in the case of a rigid body, rather than a flexible sandstone, that is filled in the intercell 22. Because, as described above, in the interlocking process, the rigid body concentrates the load at a certain point on the wall of the caisson, so even if the shear key 18 is formed, the phenomenon that the load is concentrated at a certain point changes regardless of this. Because there is no.

On the other hand, looking at such a shear key 18 from a different point of view, the front and rear member 14 described above can be seen in a form in which the front and rear walls of the caisson 10 are further extended to both sides, and the aforementioned shear key 18 is a caisson. In order to form the cell 12 of (10), the walls 11 extending in the left and right directions can be seen to be extended in both sides. This means that there is not much difference in the caisson manufacturing method of the present invention compared to the conventional caisson manufacturing method. That is, the caisson of the present invention is not different from the conventional caisson in the manufacturing process as well as the construction method to be described later. Rather, compared to the conventional caisson, it can be said that the material cost is less because one side wall formed in the front-rear direction and the bottom portion of the open cell are reduced.

In order to prevent the front and rear member 14 from being damaged by the load in the front and rear direction acting on the front and rear member 14, the walls 11 at the left and right ends of the caisson and the inner corners of the front and back member 14 are illustrated. Hunch 15 is formed to reinforce the front and rear members as shown. Since the front and rear member 14 can be said to be mechanically similar to the cantilever, the hench 15 is formed in the inner edge of the wall 11 and the front and rear member 14, where the stress is expected to be concentrated. The formation of the haunch 15 has a special meaning when compared with the prior art. For example, when two caisson parts facing each other are integrally reinforced concrete blocks, such as the conventional technology (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2847694, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-28981), the interlocking portion is integrally blocked with the caisson. Therefore, there is no reason to use the haunch 15 as in the present invention, but when the filling material of a flexible sandstone type is filled in an open cell (strictly an intercell to be described later) portion as in the present invention, the filling material is kept in a flexible state, When two neighboring caissons receive different sizes of force in the front-rear direction and the two caissons move relative to each other in the front-rear direction, the filling material in the form of a sandstone exerts a distributed load on the inner surface of the front-rear surface member 14, so that it is static In order to prevent damage to the front and rear face members 14 having a cantilever shape, the haunch 15 has great engineering significance.

The above-described front and rear members 14 and the shear key 18 share the reinforcing bar arrangement arranged in the horizontally extended form with the caisson wall 11 in that the wall of the caisson is extended, or in the vertical direction. The reinforcing bars arranged in the extended form can be shared with the upper teeth block, which will be described later. Therefore, the front and rear members 14 and the shear key 18 are integrally formed with the caisson wall in the horizontal direction, and integrally formed with the upper teeth block in the vertical direction, so that their strength can be sufficiently guaranteed.

On the other hand, reinforcements 19 may be formed at the lower ends of the front and rear sides of the caisson. The reinforcing portion may have a shape formed to protrude in the horizontal direction to the lower end of the front wall and the rear wall, such as ribs.

Just as the friction protrusion 60 is formed on the bottom surface of the caisson, at least a part of the wall 11 defining the inner side and the front and rear surfaces of the open cell 13 of the caisson protrudes from the surface of the wall 11 Friction projections 80 may be formed. The friction protrusion 80 may be formed to extend in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of friction protrusions 80 may be spaced apart vertically.

The friction protrusion 80 may protrude in a trapezoidal shape in which its width narrows as it protrudes or protrudes in the form of a rectangular cross-section from the surface of the wall 11. Accordingly, the friction protrusion 80 may include an upper surface 81 with its normal j facing upward and a lower surface 82 with its normal k facing downward. When the friction protrusion 80 is in the form of a rectangular cross-section, the angles (a, b) between the normal (j, k) and the vertical line may be 0 degrees. When the friction protrusion 80 is in the form of a trapezoidal cross section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the vertical line may be greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

2 to 12, the friction protrusion 80 may extend continuously in the horizontal direction. In the first embodiment, the friction projection 80 is a wall defining the open cell 13 {11; It is provided on the inner wall of the side wall portion that contacts the closed cell 12, and the front and rear members 14}, and is provided on the surface of the inner wall, but is not formed on the heonchi 15 and the shear key 18 portion The structure is shown. However, it is needless to say that the friction protrusion 80 may also be formed on the surface of the heonchi or shear key.

Referring to Figure 11, the width (c) of the inlet (86) of the space (85) between the friction protrusions (80) spaced in the vertical direction is 1/2 to 1/2 of the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone filled in the intercell 4 times, and the depth d of the interspace 85 may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length l of the sandstone filled in the intercell. This is the same as the relationship between the friction protrusion 60 formed on the bottom surface of the caisson and the minimum nominal length of the base sandstone of the mound.

The interlocking stone 32 filled in the intercell 22 may have a specification of 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA. This can correspond to the specifications of the foundation sand used to create the mound. The length of one side when the size of a sandstone is converted into a cube is the nominal length, and the length of one side when the size of a stone corresponding to 0.015 m ³ /EA is converted into a cube is the minimum nominal length (l). For example, it may be on the order of 0.25 m.

The width c of the inlet of the interspace 85 may be 1/2 or more times the minimum nominal length l. When the width is smaller than 1/2, the sandstone does not mesh well with the interspace 85, and the effect of increasing the friction coefficient between the sandstone and the inner wall of the intercell is significantly reduced. In addition, if the width is greater than four times the minimum nominal length (l), the number of friction projections engaging the sandstone decreases, and the effect of increasing the friction coefficient is hardly seen.

The upper surface 81 of the friction projection 80 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22 to resist the force that the caisson formed with the friction projection 80 is lifted upward, and the friction projection 80 The lower surface 82 of the mesh with the sandstone filled in the intercell 22, to form the intercell 22 and resists the force that neighboring caissons lift upward.

Since the intercell 22 has a large friction coefficient between the sandstones, the interlocking effect is certain. And in the front-rear direction of the caissons, when receiving different horizontal forces between neighboring caissons, due to the front-rear member 14 and the shear key 18, the two caissons 10 constituting the intercell 22 can be interlocked. have.

In addition, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in the vertical direction of the caisson, even when different moments are applied between neighboring caissons and receive a vertical force, the upper block and the bottom member 16, which will be described later, and the intercell 22 By the friction protrusion 80 formed on the inner wall surface, the two caissons 10 constituting the intercell 22 may be interlocked. This is realized by the friction protrusion 80 having an upper surface 81 and a lower surface 82 so as to mesh with the sandstone of the intercell 22 in the vertical direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the friction protrusion 80 may be continuously extended in a horizontal direction. As a first modification to this, as shown in FIG. 13, the friction protrusion 80 may be intermittently extended in the horizontal direction. And the protrusion side 88 facing the broken portion 87 of the friction protrusion 80 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 89 of the space between the friction protrusions 80 formed by the broken portion 87 extends Can be in the form of According to this structure, the friction protrusion 80 not only interferes with the sandstone of the intercell 22 in the vertical direction, but also interferes in the front-rear direction, and thus the friction between the sandstone and the inner wall of the intercell 22 also in the front-rear direction. The coefficient can be increased. 13 illustrates a structure in which the friction protrusion 80 has a square pyramid shape.

The friction projection 80 of the first modification is provided in a portion of the wall 11 facing the closed cell 12, and the inner surface of the front and rear member 14 has a continuous shape in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. The friction protrusion 80 may be applied. Since the friction projections 80 of the front and rear face members 14 do not have an effect of increasing the friction coefficient in the front and rear directions, when the continuous friction protrusions 80 in the horizontal direction are applied to the inner surface of the front and rear face members 14, conduction When the moment acts, it can develop a very large coefficient of friction.

14 shows a second modification of the friction protrusion 80. Although the shape of the individual friction protrusion 80 is the same as that of the first modification example in Fig. 13, the arrangement is different. That is, the portion 87 of the friction protrusion 80 which is disposed at the bottom and extends intermittently in the horizontal direction is displaced from the portion where the friction projection 80 which is disposed at the top and intermittently extended in the horizontal direction is broken. Can be placed on. The protrusion side 88 facing the broken portion 87 of the friction protrusion 80 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 89 of the space between the friction protrusions 80 formed by the broken portion 87 is expanded It can be in the form.

According to this structure, since the sandstone meshes between the adjacent friction protrusions 80 in the horizontal direction, the friction coefficient is increased in the front-rear direction. In addition, since the sandstone meshed between the adjacent friction protrusions 80 in the horizontal direction also results in engagement with the friction protrusions 80 at the top and bottom, the friction coefficient is increased together in the vertical direction.

Therefore, the friction projection 80 of the second modification is provided on the wall 11 portion facing the closed cell 12 and can be applied to the inner surface of the front and rear member 14 as well.

In the horizontal direction of the first modification and the second modification, the broken portion 87 provided between the adjacent friction protrusions 80 also has the width of the opening 89, as described above, of the sandstone filled in the intercell. The minimum nominal length (l) is 1/2 to 4 times, and the depth may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone filled in the intercell.

Also, the angle formed by the normal line of the protrusion side 88 with the horizontal line extending in the front-rear direction of the caisson may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

The friction protrusions of the intermittent type, such as the friction protrusions of the continuous form in the horizontal direction or the modified examples, may be used in combination with each other in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction. In addition, although not shown, the shape is not necessarily limited to a trapezoidal cross section or a square truncated shape, and various modifications are possible.

[Construction method of caisson structure according to the present invention]

Next, a brief look at the construction method of the caisson according to the present invention.

First, a caisson yard is selected and a caisson yard is selected for a nearby land that is accessible to the offshore site, and land construction is conducted. On-shore construction is done in the order of floor stop work, rebar assembly, formwork assembly, and concrete pouring, and the caisson is produced and completed on the yard.

Next, the caissons are moved to the sea and placed in a tent. The movement of the caisson may be, for example, a method of forming a claw in the caisson and fastening it to the hook of the marine crane, and the like, and various conventionally known methods may be applied.

Then, a foundation stone is laid and laid on the work site of the sea to form a mound and evenly select the top surface. The specifications of the foundation stone laid to install the mound can be based on the standard specifications, and these specifications are currently 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA in Korea.

After the basic selection is completed, the caissons that have been laid are supported and towed to the sea.

Next, the water is poured into the interior of the caisson towed to the sea site, and the caisson 10 is settled to stop on the mound. At this time, the sedimentation speed of the water can be maintained around 10 cm per minute. When the caisson 10 is settled close to about 50 cm to the mound side of the seabed, stop pouring water to the caisson and finally check and fix the location where the caisson will be installed, and quickly pour the caisson back to set the caisson on the floor Order. The caisson structure is heavy, and it is not easy for the caisson's mounting work to be completed at once due to the weather conditions at the work site, the current, and the condition of the basic picking surface.However, it is generally completed through repetition of 3-4 times. Can.

Subsequently, the operation of mounting the caisson on the side of the caisson adjacent to the caisson that has been stationary is carried out again. At this time, the tires are mounted on the caissons to prevent the caissons and the caissons from being damaged by contact with each other. It prevents damage in case of car contact and removes tires during precision mounting.

When the caissons 10 are arranged in the lateral direction and then stopped, the intercell 22 is formed by two open cells 13 facing each other of two neighboring caissons as shown in FIG. 15. That is, the space divided by the front and rear face members 14 of the two neighboring caissons and the sides of the caisson functions as a'cell'. The intercell 22 means that two neighboring caissons must be aligned to function as a cell. Since the volume of the intercell 22 is also defined by the front and rear members, a sandstone may be filled in the interior. Considering that the gap error between the two caissons is 10 cm to 20 cm according to the current standard specification, the gap between the front and rear members of two neighboring caissons may also have a gap error of 10 cm to 20 cm.

Next, as shown in FIG. 16, the filling material 30 is filled in the closed cell 12 inside the caisson, and the filling material is also filled in the intercell 22. Filling material is preferable as the specific gravity is larger than that of seawater. As the filling material 30 filled in the closed cell 12, natural sandstone, or slag generated from steel smelting or the like, bottomstone generated from a thermal power plant, or the like may be used. On the other hand, as the filling material filled in the intercell 22, slag generated from steel smelting or the like is not preferable. This is because slag reacts with water to expand and harden and harden adjacent slags together, eventually deforming like a rigid body. Therefore, it is preferable to use a filling material that maintains a permanently flexible state, for example, natural stone, as a filling material filled in the intercell 22. In addition to this, the filling material to be filled in the intercell 22 is sufficient as long as it is a filling material in the form of a sandstone that can maintain a continuously flexible state over time without being brittle. As described above, the filling material filling the intercell 22 portion may be an interlocking sandstone 32 that maintains a permanently flexible state. The interlocking stone is larger than 10 cm to 20 cm, which is the distance between the front and rear members of the two caissons, so that it is prevented from flowing out through the gap in the intercell 22, but it is not too large and when the interlocking action occurs It is desirable that the load is sufficiently distributed. On the other hand, even if the filling material 30 in the form of a sandstone filled in the intercell 22 does not have a larger diameter than the gap between the two front and rear members 14, if a tight interference is made between the filled sandstone, It is also worth noting that significant spills can be prevented.

Since the sandstone filled in the intercell 22 must resist the displacement of two neighboring caissons in the front-rear direction in different directions, it is preferable that the sandstone filled in the intercell 22 closely interfere with each other, unlike the sandstone filled in the normal cell 12. To this end, a compaction process may be performed on the filling material 30 in the form of a sandstone filled in the intercell 22. By compacting the filling material 30 in the form of a sandstone filled in the intercell 22 as described above, the sandstones closely interfere with each other, and thus, even if the diameters of all the sandstones are not larger than the gap between the front and rear members, the leakage of the sandstone can be substantially prevented Can. However, considering the possibility that the sandstone is broken during the filling or compaction process, for more stable interlocking, the diameter of all the stones filled in the intercell 22 is larger than the gap between two adjacent front and rear members 14. It would be desirable to construct.

In such an interlocking structure, when a greater external force is applied to a particular caisson and a load is applied to the interlocking portion, the load is not concentrated by the sandstones and acts as a certain distribution load. The possibility of breakage can be greatly reduced.

As a result of the experiment, when the specification of the interlocking stone filled in the intercell 22 was 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA, it was confirmed that the standard stones acted as apparent distribution loads without being damaged and well intertwined with each other. In addition, unfortunately, the specifications of 0.015 m ³ /EA or more are larger than the tolerances for gaps between caissons of 10 cm to 20 cm, so they are not leaked to the outside.

On the other hand, if the filling material has a specification of 0.05 m ³ /EA or more, the interlocking stone starts to break due to the concentrated load between the stones, which may cause external leakage of the filling material. If the interlocking sandstone is less than 0.001 m ³ /EA, it is rather entangled between the sandstones and external leakage may be caused when a load is applied.

Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the backfill material 50 is installed on the rear surface of the caisson, and the installation of the upper block (not shown) completes the construction of the port structure. That is, after filling the stationary caisson 10 with the filling material 30, an upper block may be installed on the top of the caisson, and the backfill material 50 may be filled with sandstone according to the construction purpose of the caisson.

On the other hand, in order to prevent the sandstone filled in the intercell 22 from leaking to the outside, the padding member is used to close the gap between the front and rear members of two neighboring caissons facing each other to constitute the intercell. It is also worth considering. However, as described above, if the specification of the interlocking sandstone corresponds to that of the mound, the sandstone can be prevented from leaking into the gap between the two caissons, so there is no need to repeatedly use the padding member.

<Example 2>

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the caisson will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 25. However, in order to omit overlapping descriptions, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 20, a friction protrusion 60 may be provided on the bottom surface of the caisson 10 of the second embodiment as in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21, the friction protrusion 60 may continuously extend in the left and right width directions. As a first modification example, as shown in FIG. 22, the friction protrusion 60 may be intermittently extended in the left and right width directions. 23 shows a second modification of the friction protrusion 60. Since the shapes of the friction projections 60 and their modifications are the same as in the first embodiment, repeated descriptions are omitted.

24 and 25, a friction protrusion 80 extending in a horizontal direction may also be provided on the inner wall surface of the open cell 13. The friction protrusion 80 may be continuously extended or intermittently extended in the horizontal direction, and the modified examples are the same as in the first embodiment, so repeated description is omitted.

The caisson 10 of the second embodiment has a structure in which the bottom member 16 of the open cell 13 is eliminated as compared with the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, a structure in which the bottom member 16 is completely removed is illustrated, but it is needless to say that a part of the bottom member 16 may be deleted.

In the second embodiment, since the lower portion of the intercell 22 is all or partly open, as shown, the interlocking sandstone 32 filled in the intercell 22 comes into direct contact with the mound. On the other hand, as already mentioned above, the specification of the sandstone laid on the mound is a larger specification than the gap between the front and rear members of the intercell 22, and a specification such that the load can be sufficiently distributed when the interlocking action occurs. Considering the point corresponding to, if the specification of the interlocking stone 32 also corresponds to this mound stone, it prevents the interlocking stone 32 from leaking to the outside through the mound, but when an external force is applied, the interlocking stone 4 The friction coefficient between (32) and the mound sandstone can be maximized (about 0.8 friction coefficient). This has the result that the mound's sandstone also contributes to the resistance for interlocking.

As a result of the experiment, when the specification of the interlocking stone filled in the intercell 22 was 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA, it was confirmed that the standard stones acted as apparent distribution loads without being damaged and well intertwined with each other. In addition, unfortunately, the specifications of 0.03 m ³ /EA or more are larger than the tolerance between the caissons of 10 cm to 20 cm, so they are not leaked to the outside. On the other hand, if the filling material has a specification of 0.05 m ³ /EA or more, the interlocking stone starts to break due to the concentrated load between the stones, which may cause external leakage of the filling material. If the interlocking sandstone is less than 0.01 m ³ /EA, it is rather entangled between the sandstone and external leakage is caused when a load is applied. However, as described above, if the specifications of the mound sandstone and the interlocking sandstone correspond to each other (for example, the specifications of the basic sandstone described above are 0.015 to 0.03 m ³ /EA, and the interlocking stone is the standard of the interlocking stone). 0.01 to 0.05 m ³ /EA correspond to each other), as shown in FIG. 10, while preventing the interlocking stone 32 from leaking through the gap between the stones placed on the mound, the friction coefficient between the mound and the interlocking stone It is the way to increase the most. That is, the interlocking stone 32 and the mound are both able to provide resistance to external force for interlocking while the flexible part of the interlocking stone 32 is maintained.

In addition, it may be possible to consider a method of filling the intercell 22 space with the sandstone in a flexible mesh such as a gabion or geotextile so that the filling material does not leak to the outside and obtaining construction convenience. However, if the specification of the interlocking stone is to match the specification of the mound stone, it is possible to prevent the stone from leaking into the gap between the two caissons, so there is little need to use a gabion or geotextile. It is desirable to avoid using a gabion or geotextile in that it blocks the close connection between the gabion or geotextile that is filled in the intercell and the mound of the mound.

According to the structure in which the bottom member of the open cell is removed as in the second embodiment, the ground reaction force due to the action load on the structure is also significantly reduced by the effect of dispersion, and in particular, the uneven shape and the inter The friction between the rocking stones also reduces the ground reaction force, which further reduces the ground reinforcement cost.

<Example 3>

26 and 27 show a caisson having a structure in which a friction groove 70 is applied instead of the friction protrusion 60 to the bottom surface of the caisson of the second embodiment of the present invention. On the bottom surface of the caisson 10, that is, the surface facing the mound, a friction groove 70 having a shape extending in a width direction (left and right direction) may be formed. The friction groove 70 may have a shape recessed upward from the surface of the bottom surface of the caisson 10. A plurality of friction grooves 70 may be spaced apart in the front-rear direction.

The friction groove 70 may be recessed in the form of a rectangular cross-section from the bottom surface of the caisson 10, or may be recessed in a trapezoidal shape with a narrower width. Accordingly, the friction groove 70 may include a first friction surface 61 with the normal j facing the rear, and a second friction surface 62 with the normal k facing the front. When the friction groove 70 is in the form of a rectangular cross-section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the horizontal line may be 0 degrees. When the friction groove 70 is in the form of a trapezoidal cross section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the horizontal line may be greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

26 and 27, the friction groove 70 may extend continuously in the left and right directions. The width (c) in the front-rear direction of the entrance of the friction groove (70) is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone forming the mound, and the depth (d) of the friction groove (70) is the mound base stone It may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l).

The first friction surface 71 of the friction groove 70 is engaged with the base sandstone of the mound, resists a force pushed backward by the caisson 10 on which the friction groove 70 is formed, and the second friction surface ( 72) guides the foundation stone to be smoothly inserted into the friction groove (70). Of course, when the force pushed forward by the caisson 10 acts, the second friction surface 72 can resist the force pushed forward.

The angle j formed by the normal j of the first friction surface 71 with the horizontal plane and the angle b formed with the normal k of the second friction surface 72 with the horizontal plane may be different from each other. Since the force that the caisson is pushed to the rear is generally greater than the force to be pushed forward, the angle (a) that the normal j of the first frictional surface 71 forms with the horizontal surface is normal (k) of the second frictional surface 72 It may be smaller than the angle (b) formed with the horizontal plane. For example, a may be 0 degrees and b may be 45 degrees. According to this, the sliding resistance of the first friction surface 71 is further increased, and the second friction surface 72 can guide the sandstone into the friction groove 70 more naturally.

According to the embodiment, although the cross-sectional shape of the friction groove is a rectangular or trapezoidal structure, it may be circular or serrated.

26 and 27, the friction grooves 70 may be continuously extended in the horizontal direction. As a first modification example, as shown in FIG. 28, the friction groove 70 may be intermittently extended in the horizontal direction. In addition, the left and right sides of the friction groove 70 form an inclined surface, so that the opening of the friction groove 70 may be extended in the left and right directions. Accordingly, FIG. 28 illustrates a structure in which the friction groove 70 is in the form of a square pyramid.

29, a second modification of the friction groove 70 is shown. Although the shape of the individual friction grooves 70 is the same as that of the first modification in Fig. 28, the arrangement is different. That is, the friction grooves 70 intermittently extending in the horizontal direction may be disposed adjacent to the front or rear side, and may be disposed at positions displaced from the friction grooves 70 intermittently extending laterally.

The friction grooves 70 of the first variant and the second variant also have a width of 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length l of the mound foundation sandstone and a depth of the minimum of the mound foundation sandstone as described above. It may be 1/2 to 1 times the nominal length (l).

In addition, the angle between the normal of the side surface of the friction groove 70 and the horizontal surface may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

The friction grooves of the intermittent type, such as the friction grooves of the lateral continuous shape or the modification examples, may be used in combination with each other in the front-rear direction and/or in the left-right direction. In addition, although not shown, the shape is not necessarily limited to a trapezoidal cross section or a square truncated shape, and various modifications are possible. It is obvious that friction grooves of various shapes, such as a truncated cone, a regular octagonal truncated cone, and a regular hexagonal truncated cone, may be applied.

<Other examples of caissons>

30 to 32 are views showing other embodiments of the caisson according to the present invention.

Looking at the caisson shown in FIG. 30 and the caisson of FIG. 2, in order to define the open cell 13, a simple front and rear member is installed at the front and rear of the position where the open cell is disposed (see FIG. 2) as well as that. It can be seen that the cell 12 can be further formed at the position. According to this, it is possible not only to increase the self-weight of the caisson itself, but also to form the one or more cells, and to define the front and rear surfaces of the open cell, without having to thicken the front and rear members or configure the haunch 15. have.

In the caisson of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 30, the closed cell 12, which replaces the front-rear member 14, has a triangular cross-section, and the bottom member 16 is provided at the bottom of the open cell 13. It is provided, it is illustrated that the friction protrusion 80 of the horizontally extended form is formed on the inner wall surface of the open cell 13.

In the caisson of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 31, the closed cell 12, which replaces the front and rear member 14, has a rectangular or square cross-section, and the bottom member 16 at the bottom of the open cell 13 ) Is deleted, and it is exemplified that the friction protrusion 80 in the form of intermittently horizontally extending as in the first modification is formed on the inner wall surface of the open cell 13.

In the caisson of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 32, the closed cell 12, which replaces the front and rear member 14, has a triangular and rectangular or square cross section, and the bottom member at the bottom of the open cell 13 It is illustrated that (16) is omitted, and the friction protrusion 80 in the form of intermittently horizontally extending as in the second modification is formed on the inner wall surface of the open cell 13.

<Example 7>

33 to 36, a caisson having a structure in which the friction protrusion of the bottom surface of the caisson and the friction protrusion of the open cell are both changed to a friction groove shape.

33 and 34 illustrate a caisson provided with a friction groove 90 continuously extending in a horizontal direction on the inner wall surface of the open cell 13. The plurality of friction grooves 90 may be spaced vertically.

The friction groove 90 may be recessed in a trapezoidal shape in which the width is narrowed as it is recessed or recessed in the form of a rectangular cross-section from the surface of the wall 11. Accordingly, the friction groove 90 may include an upper surface 81 with its normal j facing downward and a lower surface 82 with its normal k facing upward. When the friction groove 90 is in the form of a rectangular cross section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the vertical line may be 0 degrees. When the friction groove 90 is in the form of a trapezoidal cross section, the angles (a, b) formed by the normal line (j, k) and the vertical line may be greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

33 and 34, the friction protrusion 80 may extend continuously in the horizontal direction. In Fig. 33, the friction groove 90 defines a wall 11 defining an open cell 13; It is provided on the inner wall of the side wall portion that contacts the closed cell 12, and the front and rear members 14}, and is provided on the surface of the inner wall, but is not formed on the heonchi 15 and the shear key 18 portion The structure is shown. However, it is needless to say that the friction groove 90 may also be formed on the surface of the heonchi or shear key.

Referring to Figure 34, the width c of the entrance of the friction groove 90 is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length l of the sandstone filled in the intercell, and the depth d of the friction groove 90 is It may be 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone filled in the intercell.

The lower surface 92 of the friction groove 90 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22, resists the force that the caisson formed with the friction groove 90 is lifted upward, and the friction groove 90 The upper surface 91 of the intercell 22 is engaged with a sandstone filled in the intercell 22, thereby forming the intercell 22 and resisting the force that neighboring caissons lift upward.

35 is a view showing a first modification of the friction groove 90 of FIG. 33, and FIG. 36 is a view showing a second modification of the friction groove of FIG. 33.

As a first modification of the friction groove 90 of FIG. 33, as shown in FIG. 35, the friction groove 90 may be intermittently extended in the horizontal direction. And the side surface of the friction groove 90 may be in the form of an inclined surface. According to this structure, the friction groove 90 not only interferes in the vertical direction with the sandstone of the intercell 22, but also interferes in the front-rear direction, and thus the friction between the sandstone and the inner wall of the intercell 22 also in the front-rear direction. The coefficient can be increased. 35, the structure in which the friction groove 90 is in the form of a square pyramid is illustrated.

The friction groove 90 of the first modification example of FIG. 35 is provided in the portion of the wall 11 facing the closed cell 12, and the inner surface of the front-rear member 14 is continuous in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. It is also possible to apply the frictional groove 90 in the form. Since the friction grooves 90 of the front and rear face members 14 do not have an effect of increasing the friction coefficient in the front and rear directions, applying the continuous grooves in the horizontal direction to the inner surface of the front and rear face members 14, conduction When the moment acts, it can develop a very large coefficient of friction.

As another modification of the friction groove of FIG. 33, FIG. 36 shows a second modification of the friction groove 90. As shown in FIG. Although the shape of the individual friction grooves 90 is the same as that of the first modification of Fig. 35, the arrangement is different. That is, the friction grooves 90 disposed at the bottom and intermittently extending in the horizontal direction may be disposed at positions displaced from the friction grooves 90 at the top.

According to this structure, the friction groove 90 not only interferes in the vertical direction with the sandstone of the intercell 22, but also interferes in the front-rear direction, and thus the friction between the sandstone and the inner wall of the intercell 22 also in the front-rear direction. The coefficient can be increased.

The friction groove 90 of the second modification of FIG. 36 is provided in a portion of the wall 11 facing the closed cell 12, and the inner surface of the front-rear member 14 is continuous in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. It is also possible to apply the frictional groove 90 in the form. Since the friction grooves 90 of the front and rear face members 14 do not have an effect of increasing the friction coefficient in the front and rear directions, when the continuous friction grooves 90 in the horizontal direction are applied to the inner surface of the front and rear face members 14, conduction When the moment acts, it can develop a very large coefficient of friction.

The horizontal width of the inlets of the friction grooves 90 of the first modification and the second modification may also be 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length l of the sandstone filled in the intercell. In addition, the angle formed by the horizontal line extending in the front-rear direction of the caisson may be 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.

The friction grooves of the intermittent type, such as the friction grooves of the continuous form in the horizontal direction or the modification examples, may be used in combination with each other in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction. In addition, although not shown, the shape is not necessarily limited to a trapezoidal cross section or a square truncated shape, and various modifications are possible.

In addition, it is also possible to combine the friction groove and the friction protrusion, and the arrangement of the protrusion and the groove described in the embodiment can also be combined or substituted with each other.

As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to the exemplified drawings, but the present invention is not limited by the examples and drawings disclosed in the present specification, and can be varied by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. It is obvious that modifications can be made. In addition, although the operation and effect according to the configuration of the present invention is not explicitly described while describing the embodiments of the present invention, it is natural that the predictable effect by the configuration should also be recognized.

10: caisson
11: Wall
12: closed cell
13: Open cell
14: front and rear members
15: Haenchi
16: Bottom member
18: Shear key
19: reinforcement
22: Intercell
30: Filling material
32: Interlocking stone
50: backfilling material
60: friction protrusion
61: first friction surface
j: normal
a: the angle at which the normal forms the horizontal line
62: second friction surface
k: normal
b: the angle at which the normal forms the horizontal line
65: space between
66: Entrance
c: width
d: depth
67: broken part
68: projection side
69: opening
70: friction groove
c: width
d: depth
71: first friction
j: normal
a: the angle at which the normal forms the horizontal line
72: second friction surface
k: normal
b: the angle at which the normal forms the horizontal line
80: friction protrusion
81: upper surface
j: normal
a: The angle that the normal forms with the vertical line
82: lower surface
k: normal
b: the angle that the normal forms with the vertical line
85: space between
86: entrance
c: width
d: depth
87: broken part
88: projection side
89: opening
90: friction groove
c: width
d: depth
91: top surface
j: normal
a: The angle that the normal forms with the vertical line
92: lower surface
k: normal
b: the angle that the normal forms with the vertical line

Claims (15)

As a caisson structure mounted on the top of the mound formed on the seabed by the foundation sandstone,
The caisson used in the structure is:
A closed cell 12 which is open upwards and whose sides are defined by a wall 11; And
It is provided on the bottom surface facing the mound, and protruding further downward than the bottom surface; provided with;
The friction protrusion 60 includes a first friction surface 61 with its normal j facing rear and a second friction surface 62 with its normal k facing forward,
A plurality of friction protrusions 60 are spaced apart in the front-rear direction,
Filling material 30 is filled in each closed cell 12,
The first friction surface 61 of the friction protrusion 60 is engaged with the foundation sandstone constituting the mound, and resists the force pushed backward by the caisson,
The second friction surface (62) of the friction protrusion (60) is engaged with a foundation stone forming the mound, the caisson structure characterized in that the caisson resists the force pushed forward.
The method according to claim 1,
The friction protrusion 60 is a caisson structure, characterized in that continuously extending in the lateral direction of the caisson.
The method according to claim 1,
The friction protrusion 60 is a caisson structure characterized in that it intermittently extends in the left and right width directions.
The method according to claim 3,
The portion 67 where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended in the left and right width directions is disposed at a position shifted from the part where the friction protrusion 60 is intermittently extended in the horizontal direction, which is disposed at the front or rear side, and is more than that. A caisson structure characterized by being arranged.
The method according to claim 4,
The protrusion side 68 facing the broken portion 67 of the friction protrusion 60 forms an inclined surface, so that the opening 69 of the space between the friction protrusions 60 formed by the broken portion 67 is expanded A caisson structure characterized by being in shape.
The method according to claim 1,
The width (c) of the inlet (66) of the space (65) between the friction projections (60) spaced apart in the front-rear direction is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the foundation sandstone forming the mound, and the space between The depth (d) of (65) is a caisson structure characterized in that it is 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the foundation sandstone forming the mound.
As a caisson structure mounted on the top of the mound formed on the seabed by the foundation sandstone,
The caisson used in the structure is:
A closed cell 12 which is open upwards and whose sides are defined by a wall 11; And
It is provided on the bottom surface facing the mound, and is provided with a friction groove 70 recessed upward from the surface of the bottom surface;
The friction groove 70 includes a first friction surface 71 whose normal j faces backward and a second friction surface 72 whose normal k faces forward,
A plurality of friction grooves 70 are spaced apart in the front-rear direction,
Filling material 30 is filled in each closed cell 12,
The first friction surface 71 of the friction groove 70 is engaged with the foundation sandstone constituting the mound, resisting the force pushed backward by the caisson,
A caisson structure characterized in that the second friction surface (72) of the friction groove (70) is engaged with the foundation sandstone forming the mound, and the caisson resists the force pushed forward.
The method according to claim 7,
The friction groove 70 is a caisson structure, characterized in that continuously extending in the lateral direction of the caisson.
The method according to claim 7,
The friction groove 70 is a caisson structure, characterized in that intermittently extending in the left and right width direction.
The method according to claim 7,
The width (c) of the inlet of the friction groove (70) is 1/2 to 4 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the foundation sandstone that creates the mound, and the depth (d) of the friction groove (70) is the foundation that creates the mound A caisson structure characterized by being 1/2 to 1 times the minimum nominal length (l) of the sandstone.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The angle formed between the normal (j, k) and the horizontal plane is a caisson structure characterized in that it is 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The angle (a) formed by the normal (j) and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle (b) formed by the normal (k) with the horizontal plane.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The angle (a) between the normal (j) and the horizontal plane is 0 degrees, and the angle (b) between the normal (k) and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The caisson 10,
It is formed on the side of the caisson facing the neighboring caisson, open upwards, the inner side and the front and rear are defined by the wall 11, and at least a part of the side facing the neighboring caisson opens the open cell 13 Equipped,
At least a portion of the wall 11 defining the inner side and front and rear surfaces of the open cell 13, friction protrusions 80 protruding from the surface of the wall 11 and depressions recessed from the surface of the wall 11 At least one of the grooves 90 is formed,
The friction protrusion 80 has an upper surface 81 with its normal j facing upward and a lower surface 82 with its normal k facing downward, and the friction groove 90 has its normal ( j) is provided with an upper surface 91 facing downward and a lower surface 92 with its normal k facing upward,
A plurality of friction projections 80 or friction grooves 90 are spaced apart in the vertical direction,
A plurality of caissons 10 are installed in a row on the mound so that the open cells 13 face each other,
In the intercell 22 space formed by the two open cells 13 where the open portions face each other, a slate is maintained in a continuously flexible state, so that the masons inside the intercell 22 neighbor two caissons. A caisson structure characterized by interlocking.
A method of constructing the caisson structure of claim 14,
Forming a mound by laying a foundation stone on the bottom surface;
Flattening the mound top surface;
Forming an intercell 22 by arranging and stopping a plurality of caissons 10 sideways so that the open cells 13 face each other on an even surface of the mound; And
The cell 12 of the caisson 10 that is stationary is filled with a filling material, and the intercell 22 is filled with a sandstone of a size corresponding to the basic sandstone, so that the sandstone inside the intercell 22 and the mound A method of constructing a caisson structure comprising a step of maintaining a flexible state in a connected state.

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