KR20170011479A

KR20170011479A - Fibrous solar cell and fibrous solar cell module

Info

Publication number: KR20170011479A
Application number: KR1020150104168A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 최대규
Original assignee: 최대규
Priority date: 2015-07-23
Filing date: 2015-07-23
Publication date: 2017-02-02

Abstract

A solar cell having a fibrous structure includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a fiber form; A light absorbing layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of each of the first electrodes and absorbing light; And at least one second electrode formed in contact with the light absorbing layer of the plurality of first electrodes.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a solar cell module and a fibrous solar cell module,

The present invention relates to a silicon-based solar cell producing a micro-sized silicon-based solar cell, specifically, a silicon-based solar cell using a fibrous structure.

The global market for solar cells accounts for more than 95% of bulk silicon-based solar cells and is mainly used in large-scale PV facilities. However, since the range of products in which solar cells can be used is very diverse, ranging from large-scale solar power generation to small-sized electronic equipment, solar cells suitable for use in building materials such as exterior walls or glass windows, Battery technology development is needed.

Research to utilize pollution-free clean energy such as solar energy as a new energy source instead of chemical fuel such as coal and petroleum is being actively carried out all over the world. Among them, solar cells are devices that convert solar energy directly into electrical energy. To explain the principle of solar cells, when a solar cell, which is a pn junction type semiconductor having a structure of p-type and n-type semiconductor, is exposed to light, electrons and holes are generated, And an electromotive force is generated and photovoltaic generation occurs. Such a solar cell can be divided into a silicon-based solar cell and a compound semiconductive solar cell depending on the material thereof.

Silicon-based solar cells are mainly made of monocrystalline silicon, which is called a dry solar cell. The biggest advantage is that it can be made of thin-film solar cells. However, in terms of price, it is not competitive such as aviation, space industry. Accordingly, the use of amorphous silicon solar cells or polycrystalline silicon solar cells relatively low in manufacturing cost has been increasing, but there is a disadvantage in that the light conversion efficiency is lower than that of single crystal silicon.

On the other hand, the compound semiconductive solar cell composed of CuInSe ₂ , CdTe, GaAs and its associated derivatives has a problem of high cost, low efficiency, and low stability compared with excellent cell characteristics and is difficult to use in various ranges.

Among the solar cell fields having many problems to solve in this way, recently, there is a wet type solar cell having advantages such as low cost, environment friendly, easy manufacturing process and stability.

The wet solar cell is composed of a semiconductor electrode and an electrolyte, and there is a combination solar cell of a single crystal TiO ₂ electrode, which is an n-type semiconductor, and a Pt electrode. When the light is irradiated on the surface of the single crystal TiO ₂ of the wet solar cell, the electrons are excited and transferred to the conduction band. When reaching the platinum electrode through the lead wire, the hydrogen reacts with the proton to generate hydrogen. The electrons in the electron bombard the electrons from the water molecules at the surface of TiO ₂ and disappear to generate oxygen. In this case, instead of decomposing the water, it is possible to generate electric energy by mediating the resistance of the external circuit.

When a wet solar cell made of such a semiconductor absorbs a band gap energy (Eg), the carrier increases to generate current, but light of an energy smaller than the energy gap can not be used. Therefore, a wet solar cell made of TiO ₂ with a band gap energy of 3.2 eV can utilize less than 4% of the total solar light, and its light utilization efficiency is very low.

In order to solve such a problem, after an arbitrary dye which absorbs visible light in order to increase light utilization efficiency of light having energy lower than the band gap energy of TiO ₂ , that is, visible light, is adsorbed on the semiconductor surface, A wet type solar cell in which a carrier of a semiconductor is increased by irradiating light of an absorbable wavelength has been developed. This type of wet solar cell is referred to as a dye-sensitized solar cell or a Gratzell cell.

1. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising an electrode coated with TiO ₂ coated with a ruthenium-bipyridyl complex, which is a photosensitive dye, and an electrolyte, and a method for producing the same, wherein the solar cell is formed of a ruthenium- It is possible to generate an electric current. However, since the dye-sensitized solar cell needs to use a liquid electrolyte, space must be formed between the glass or plastic substrate, which is spaced by a spacer or the like, and sealed, which may lead to inconveniences in fabrication as well as high costs. In addition, there is a problem that the generated voltage is very low (about 0.7 V or so) and there are many restrictions to actual commercialization.

Therefore, it is suitable for activating the solar cell industry to manufacture a silicon-based solar cell that is easy to manufacture and has high efficiency. In addition to the business of manufacturing solar cells as houses, buildings or energy sources, there is a need for a way to advance into potential industrial fields using silicon-based solar cells. Recently, smart textile, High-efficiency solar cells that do not have high temperature and shape restrictions are needed, such as wearable electronics and stealth devices.

As described above, the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, and provides a device that is flexible by manufacturing a fibrous solar cell, is strong in elasticity, and can withstand high temperatures.

The first electrode may be a carbon fiber or a metal wire.

The first electrode comprising at least one carbon fiber; And a metal coating layer formed to surround the entire one or more carbon fibers.

Wherein the first electrode comprises a metal wire; And one or more carbon fibers disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the metal wire.

The light absorbing layer is formed of a combination of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer or a combination of the first semiconductor layer and the intrinsic silicon layer and the second semiconductor layer.

The second electrode is metal or carbon fiber.

The first electrode, the light absorbing layer, and the second electrode are fixed with carbon fibers.

A fibrous structure solar cell module comprises: a first electrode composed of one or more fibers; A light absorbing layer surrounding the first electrode; A plurality of second electrodes contacting one surface or both surfaces of the light absorbing layer; A first connector to which the first electrode is connected; And a second connector to which the second electrode is connected.

The first electrode is carbon fiber or metal or a combination thereof.

The first electrode includes a metal coating layer surrounding at least one carbon fiber.

The second electrode is metal or carbon fiber.

The light absorbing layer and the second electrode are sealed.

The connector is a bidirectional or unidirectional connector.

The present invention relates to a solar cell, and more particularly, to a carbon fiber solar cell using a wire such as a carbon fiber or a metal wire and having a low manufacturing cost, excellent light conversion efficiency, and easy conversion into various forms. Further, by using heat-resistant carbon fiber, a solar cell that can be used at extreme temperatures is provided.

1 is a view showing a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a carbon fiber solar cell module in which a fibrous structure solar cell basic cell according to the present invention is modularized.
3 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is made of carbon fiber, according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a light absorption layer forms a pin junction, according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is composed of a metal wire and a plurality of carbon fibers, as a third embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is composed of a plurality of carbon fibers and metal coating is applied as a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure using a first electrode as a core electrode as a metal, according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
8 and 9 are views showing a connector constituting a fibrous solar cell module according to various embodiments of the present invention.
10 is a view showing various shapes of a light absorption layer laminated on a first electrode of fibrous structure according to the present invention.
11 is a view showing a carbon fiber solar cell module in which a basic cell of a fibrous structure solar cell and a module according to the present invention are fixed with carbon fibers.

For a better understanding of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention may be modified into various forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described in detail below. The present embodiments are provided to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention. Therefore, the shapes and the like of the elements in the drawings can be exaggeratedly expressed to emphasize a clearer description. It should be noted that the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings. Detailed descriptions of well-known functions and constructions which may be unnecessarily obscured by the gist of the present invention are omitted.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, A description will be given of a solar cell module having a fibrous structure and a fibrous structure.

1 is a view showing a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure according to the present invention.

The solar cell basic cell 10 of fibrous structure includes a first electrode composed of a plurality of carbon fibers 100, a first semiconductor layer 110 composed of a pn junction as a light absorbing layer, and a second semiconductor layer 120, And the second electrode 140 is formed across the first electrode made of the plurality of carbon fibers 100 and the pn junction layer in a row. The carbon fiber 100 is used as the first electrode and the first semiconductor layer 110 doped with boron and the second semiconductor layer 120 doped with phosphorus are used as the pn junction, The surface of the fiber 100 is covered in turn. The pn junctions surrounding the carbon fibers 100 are formed in turn along the radial direction of the carbon fibers. The carbon fiber solar cell basic cell 10 may coat the pn junction formed for each carbon fiber 100 with a protective film. Or the second electrode 140 may be entirely sealed except for a part of the carbon fiber 100 and the second electrode 140 connected to the power source . As the protective film material to be coated, a 'block copolymer' in which two or more polymer chains are combined can be used. In addition, a soluble polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone) may be mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 2. The silicon layer doped with boron or phosphorus may be amorphous silicon, but polycrystalline silicon or monocrystalline silicon may be used.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a carbon fiber solar cell module in which a fibrous structure solar cell basic cell according to the present invention is modularized.

FIG. 2 shows a solar cell module 20 having a fibrous structure in which the basic cell 10 of the fibrous structure as described above is modularized. The basic cell 10 of each fibrous structure is connected to the connectors 160a and 160b, Which are connected to the solar cell base cells 10 having different fibrous structures. The first connector 160a connects the carbon fiber 100, which is the first electrode of the solar cell basic cell 10 having a different fibrous structure, and the second connector 160b, to which the second electrode is connected. A connector called a twist-on or wire nut, or an e-clamp may be used. Or a microelectromechanical system such as MEMS, there is a method of bonding the carbon fiber 100, which is the first electrode, with a silver epoxy resin.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is made of carbon fiber, according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the cross-sectional view of the basic cell, a first electrode 100, which is a core electrode, is formed of carbon fibers, a surface of the first electrode 100 is covered with a silicon layer, and a top portion of the carbon fiber 100, ) The doped first semiconductor layer 110 and phosphorus doped k sequentially cover the surface of the carbon fiber 100 which is the first electrode with the second semiconductor layer 120. The order of the doped type is not defined, and as shown in the figure, the pn junction layer covering the plurality of first electrodes, the carbon fibers 100, is formed in the order of the pn junction layer adjacent to pnpn or pnnppnp . Or an upper portion of the pn junction layer may be coated with a protective layer so that each neighboring pn junction layer may be insulated. The silicon layer is preferably polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon may be used. Polycrystalline silicon is possible with polycrystalline silicon having different characteristics through various manufacturing methods such as ELA polycrystalline silicon, MIC polycrystalline silicon, SPC polycrystalline silicon, UV polycrystalline silicon, and the like. A polycrystalline silicon composed of a mixture of these materials is also possible. Next, the second electrode 140 is laminated in such a manner that one surface or both surfaces of the pn junction layer partially covers the surface. The second electrode 140 may include at least one of a transparent conductive material such as ITO and AZO, an opaque conductive material, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, and graphene. Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene are more flexible and are more suitable for the second electrode 140 used in the embodiment of the present invention. The second electrode 140 may be patterned in a fine pattern or an IBC (Integrated-back-contact) cell may be formed to prevent optical and electrical loss when light is incident on the surface of the solar cell due to the formation of the second electrode 140. [ Lt; / RTI > Next, a protective layer 150 is disposed for sealing the entirety of the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 140, which are connected to the power source of the carbon fiber solar cell. Laminating or polymer coating is possible as an encapsulation method. As the protective film material to be coated, a 'block copolymer' in which two or more polymer chains are combined can be used. In addition, a soluble polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone) may be mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 2.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a light absorbing layer forms a p-i-n junction, according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, a basic cell of a carbon fiber solar cell is formed by forming a carbon fiber 100, which is a first electrode that is a core electrode, and by deforming a pn junction layer to a pin junction layer. A pin junction layer, which is a light absorbing layer, is laminated on the carbon fiber 100 as the first electrode. The pin junction has a structure characteristic of light trapping well, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell. An upper portion of the carbon fiber 100 as the first electrode is doped with a first semiconductor layer 110 doped with boron, an intrinsic silicon layer 130 and a second semiconductor layer 120 doped with phosphorus, The surface of the carbon fiber 100 as the first electrode is covered in turn. The order of the doped type is not specified. Next, the second electrode 140 is stacked in such a manner that both surfaces of the pin junction layer are partially covered. Next, a protective layer 150 is disposed for sealing the entirety of the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 140, which are connected to the power source of the carbon fiber solar cell.

5 is a sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is composed of a metal wire and a plurality of carbon fibers, as a third embodiment of the present invention.

First, as shown in FIG. 3, a first electrode (metal wire 114) and a plurality of bundles of carbon fibers 100 are used to form the first carbon fiber 100. Next, the carbon fiber 100, which is the first electrode, and the upper portion of the metal line 114 are doped with the boron-doped first semiconductor layer 110 and the phosphorus (phosphorus) ) Doped second semiconductor layer 120 is sequentially covered on the surface of the first electrode 100. [ The order of the doped type is not defined, and as shown, a pn junction layer covering a plurality of first electrodes 100 may be formed in the order of pn junctions and pnpn... Or pnnppnp. have. Or an upper portion of the pn junction layer may be coated with a protective layer so that each neighboring pn junction layer may be insulated. Next, the second electrode 140 is stacked so as to partially cover both surfaces of the pn junction layer. The second electrode 140 may include at least one of a transparent conductive material such as ITO and AZO, an opaque conductive material, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, and graphene. Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene are more flexible and are more suitable for the second electrode 140 used in the embodiment of the present invention. Next, a first electrode made of a carbon fiber 100 and a metal wire 114 connected to a power source of a carbon fiber solar cell basic cell, and a protection for sealing the entirety except a part of the second electrode 140 Layer 150 is placed.

6 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure in which a first electrode is composed of a plurality of carbon fibers and metal coating is applied as a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, the first electrode includes a plurality of carbon fibers 100 and a metal coating layer 115 formed by metallizing a carbon fiber bundle. Next, the first electrode surface is covered with a silicon layer to cover the first semiconductor layer 110 doped with boron and the second semiconductor layer 120 doped with phosphorus in this order. The order of the doped type is not defined, and as shown, a pn junction layer covering a plurality of first electrodes may be formed in the order of pn junctions and pnpn... Or pnnppnp. Or an upper portion of the pn junction layer may be coated with a protective layer so that each neighboring pn junction layer may be insulated. Next, the second electrode 140 is stacked so as to partially cover both surfaces of the pn junction layer. The second electrode 140 may include at least one of a transparent conductive material such as ITO and AZO, an opaque conductive material, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, and graphene. Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene are more flexible and are more suitable for the second electrode 140 used in the embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a cross-sectional view of a basic cell of a solar cell having a fibrous structure using a first electrode as a core electrode as a metal, according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the cross-sectional view of the basic cell, a first electrode, which is a core electrode, is formed of a metal line 114, a surface is covered with a silicon layer, and an upper portion of the first electrode is doped with a boron- The second electrode layer 110 and the phosphorus-doped second semiconductor layer 120 sequentially cover the first electrode surface. The order of the doped type is not defined, and as shown, a pn junction layer covering a plurality of first electrodes may be formed in the order of pn junctions and pnpn... Or pnnppnp. Or an upper portion of the pn junction layer may be coated with a protective layer so that each neighboring pn junction layer may be insulated. Next, the second electrode 140 is stacked so as to partially cover both surfaces of the pn junction layer. The second electrode 140 may be formed in various ways such as printing, vapor deposition, spin coating, slit coating, connection with a light absorbing layer through an adhesive, or the like. At this time, the second electrode 140 uses a conductive metal line or a conductive metal line as the conductive metal. In addition, as a function of fixing the basic cell of the solar cell having the fibrous structure formed with the second electrode 140, the basic cell of the fibrous structure is woven or the carbon fiber is coated with the adhesive material and fixed.

8 and 9 are views showing a connector constituting a fibrous solar cell module according to various embodiments of the present invention.

The connector serves to connect the first and second electrodes to an external power source, respectively, when the solar cell is modularized. As shown, the connector connected to the electrode may use a bidirectional connector 170 or a unidirectional connector 180. It is also possible to use an optical fiber connector such as an eccentric type, a C-type, a crossover sleeve, a ball bearing sleeve, a mold type and a composite type plastic connector.

10 is a view showing various shapes of a light absorption layer laminated on a first electrode of fibrous structure according to the present invention.

The light absorbing layer formed on one carbon fiber is composed of a first electrode which is a core electrode, a first absorption layer which is composed of a boron-doped first semiconductor layer 110 and a phosphorus-doped second semiconductor layer 120). Although the first electrode is shown as the carbon fiber 100 in the drawing, all the structures of the first electrode of the first to fourth embodiments as described above are applied. Such a stacked structure is the same, but is divided into a structure in which the first semiconductor layer 110 and the second semiconductor layer 120 form a step, and a structure in which the first electrode is exposed in a stepwise manner.

11 is a view showing a carbon fiber solar cell module in which a fibrous structure solar cell basic cell according to the present invention is fixed with carbon fibers.

The solar cell module 20 of the fibrous structure in which the basic cell 10 of fibrous structure as described above is modularized has a structure in which the solar cell 10 of the fibrous structure is connected to the connector 160a, And is connected to the solar cell 10 of fibrous structure. However, it is preferable to fix the solar cell and the module because the fibrous solar cell module 10 or the fibrous solar module module 20 is flexible. Accordingly, the carbon fiber 190 is coated with an adhesive liquid for fixing the solar cell or the module, or is fixed in such a manner that the cell is woven with the solar cell. The first connector 160a connects the first electrode 100 of the solar cell basic cell 10 having a different fibrous structure and the second connector 160b connects the second electrode of the twist- a connector called an on-wire or a wire nut, and an e-clamp. Or microelectromechanical systems such as MEMS, there is a method of bonding the first electrode 100 with a silver epoxy resin.

The embodiments of the sensing panel for the coordinate input device having the electromagnetic shielding layer of the present invention described above are merely illustrative and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and equivalent implementations It will be appreciated that embodiments are possible. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Therefore, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims. It is also to be understood that the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

10: Basic cell of fibrous structure solar cell
20: Fiber module solar cell module
100: first electrode
110: first semiconductor layer
114: metal wire
115: metal coating layer
120: second semiconductor layer
130: intrinsic silicon layer < RTI ID = 0.0 >
140: Second electrode
150: protective layer
160, 160a, 160b:
170: Bidirectional connector
180: Unidirectional connector
190: carbon fiber

Claims

A plurality of first electrodes formed and arranged in a fiber form;
A light absorbing layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of each of the first electrodes and absorbing light;
And at least one second electrode formed to contact a plurality of light absorbing layers of the first electrode.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode is made of a carbon fiber or a metal wire.

The method according to claim 1,
The first electrode comprising at least one carbon fiber;
And a metal coating layer formed to surround the entire one or more carbon fibers.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode comprises a metal wire;
And at least one carbon fiber disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the metal wire.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the light absorbing layer is formed of a combination of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer or a combination of the first semiconductor layer, the intrinsic silicon layer and the second semiconductor layer.

The method according to claim 1,
And the second electrode is a metal or carbon fiber.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode, the light absorbing layer, and the second electrode are fixed with carbon fibers.

A plurality of first electrodes formed and arranged in a fiber form;
A light absorbing layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of each of the first electrodes and absorbing light;
One or more second electrodes formed to contact a plurality of light absorbing layers of the first electrodes;
A first connector to which the first electrode is connected;
And a second connector to which the second electrode is connected.

9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the first electrode is a carbon fiber, a metal, or a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the first electrode comprises a metal coating layer surrounding at least one carbon fiber.

9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the light absorption layer is formed of a combination of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer or a combination of the first semiconductor layer, the intrinsic silicon layer, and the second semiconductor layer.

9. The method of claim 8,
And the second electrode is a metal or a carbon fiber.

9. The method of claim 8,
And the light absorbing layer and the second electrode are sealed.

9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the connector is a bidirectional connector or a unidirectional connector.