KR20160085990A - Experiment device for earthflow - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test device for soil erosion, capable of performing a simulation on soil erosion generated in rainfall. The test device for soil erosion comprises a frame unit, an injection unit, and a soil accommodation unit. The frame unit comprises: a pair of vertical frames erected on the ground to face each other by having a fixed length; and a horizontal frame arranged between the vertical frames having the fixed length from the ground. The injection unit comprises: a water tank accommodating water to be injected to the ground; a pipe having multiple nozzles to inject the water and fixed to the horizontal frame; and a pump pumping the water by being arranged on a connection path of the pipe and the water. The soil accommodation unit is arranged to be inclined to the ground in the lower part of the injection unit while being filled with soil and enables a user to check a rate in which the soil is eroded due to the water injected by the injection unit. The test device for soil erosion measures an erosion form of soil in the grout top, due to the rainwater in actual rainfall and the outflow of the soil in the grout top and grasps a quantitative property value of runoff, surface runoff, and the soil erosion by variously changing a rainfall scale, an inclination condition, soil properties, and a ground state. The grasped quantitative property value can be utilized as a basic study material for development of an outflow and soil erosion reduction technique and a water resource management measure.

Description

EXPERIMENT DEVICE FOR EARTHFLOW

The present invention relates to a soil erosion test apparatus, and more particularly, to a soil erosion test apparatus capable of quantitatively measuring soil erosion caused by surface runoff and surface runoff caused by rainfall simulations, Device.

Earth's soil is constantly disturbed by anthropogenic human activities and natural factors, and heavy rainfall in these disturbed areas greatly increases surface runoff and soil erosion.

The disturbance areas are heavy disturbed land and pasture land, which are severely disturbed by the use of plowing for cultivation activities or heavy equipment for construction such as agricultural land, landfill, development land, etc. due to active economic and social activities of human beings. It can be broadly classified as a light disturbed land which disturbs only soil surface such as logging, forestation, and forest fire, and changes the surface vegetation. In the case of steel bridge area, the ultimate shear stress of the soil particles is lowered due to severe soil disturbance, and a large amount of soil erosion occurs even at a small external stimulus. Subterranean disturbances cause relatively little soil erosion, but the slope is comparatively rapid and occupies a relatively large area, so the sediment discharge from these areas can not be overlooked. As a result of the destruction of the vegetation and surface residues covering the ground, the precipitation directly hits the soil, the soil particles fried by the impact hinder the penetration of the soil and induce the surface runoff, It causes erosion.

In terms of water resources engineering, excessive soil erosion in the disturbed area worsens the water recharge condition. Large amounts of soils are lost along with runoff along rivers in the watersheds, which reduce the drainage capacity of rivers and increase the risk of flooding. To prevent the irrigation canal, or to reduce the capacity of reservoirs and reservoirs to shorten the life of watertight structures.

The environmental impact of excessive soil loss varies depending on land use and land disturbance areas. In farmland or pasture, non-point pollutants of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the soil are overflowed downstream to increase river pollution. Excessive release of heavy metals and trace elements contained in natural rocks and soils in mines and construction development areas, pesticide ingredients such as agricultural land, forest land, golf course area, toxic substances of landfill, and damage to downstream river environment and ecosystem. In addition, rapid changes in the organic and inorganic contents caused by the disappearance of surface vegetation due to fire in a wide range of forest fires are directly impacted on the river environment, and the loss of nutrients due to excessive soil runoff is attributed to poor nutrition in slopes, Resulting in eutrophication and environmental problems.

In terms of watershed management, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the amount of runoff from the slope and the amount of soil erosion primarily in order to understand the amount of flow and amount of sediment flowing into the stream. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rainfall simulated soil erosion test system that can easily measure runoff and soil erosion that occur under various conditions of rainfall scale, soil characteristics, slope and surface condition.

It is an object of the present invention, which has been made in view of the above points, to develop an experimental apparatus for quantitatively evaluating outflow and soil erosion occurring in disturbance slopes during rainfall. Since the surface runoff and the amount of soil erosion that occur on the slope vary considerably depending on the scale and slope condition of the rainfall, the soil characteristics and the condition of the land surface, the rainfall simulation which can easily quantitatively evaluate it, Which will be an important basic data for predicting the amount of soil erosion. The effluent and soil erosion measurement data provided by the soil erosion test equipment can reduce severe soil erosion and earthquake disaster in the disturbance area in terms of prevention of disasters and improve water resources management, It will be used ultimately to minimize non-point pollution and minimize eutrophication of rivers.

The soil erosion testing apparatus for achieving the object of the present invention includes a pair of vertical frames formed to have a predetermined length and being symmetrically symmetrical with each other, a vertical frame having a predetermined height from the ground, A frame portion comprising a horizontal frame disposed in the frame; A pipe connected to the water tank and having a plurality of nozzles for spraying the water, the pipe being fixed to the horizontal frame, and a pipe connecting the water tank and the pipe, And a pump for pumping the water; And a soil accommodating portion disposed below the jetting portion in a state where the soil is filled with the soil receiving portion so as to be inclined with respect to the ground so that the degree of the soil erosion can be confirmed by water sprayed from the jetting portion.

Here, a mesh box may be disposed in the horizontal frame at the lower side of the pipe, and a mesh box may be provided on the lower surface of the pipe to drop water in the form of droplets after the water sprayed from the nozzle is formed on the mesh member.

The pipe is rotatably installed to uniformly spray water from the nozzle toward the mesh member. The pipe is rotatably installed at one side of the pipe so as to rotate the pipe at a predetermined angle. A separate drive motor having movable gears may be installed.

In addition, the pipe may be provided with a pressure gauge for checking the water pressure of the water passing through the pipe.

In addition, the soil receiving portion may include a housing having a top surface opened to allow water to fall down into the soil, a mesh having a mesh network installed at a relatively low position, a front surface of the housing, And the like.

The plate-shaped member is disposed on the upper side of the front of the enclosure and is provided with a first plate-shaped member that flows down the soil and water that is lost in the upper part of the soil. And a second sheet member on which the soil and water flow down.

In addition, a flooded water inflow tank may be provided on the rear side of the soil receiving part disposed at a relatively high position, where water overflows when water sprayed from the jetting part overflows from the upper surface of the soil.

In addition, the soil receiving portion may be provided with a tilt adjusting portion capable of adjusting the tilt angle with the ground.

The inclination adjusting portion includes four link members hinged to each other, a hinge engaging member having a screw thread formed on an inner surface of the link member and hinge-engaged with the hinge engaging member, And a fastening member for adjusting an overall length of the link member by changing the angle formed by the link member by rotating the link member.

In addition, the soil receiving part may be installed on the upper surface of the moving plate provided with the wheel member so as to be movable.

As described above, the soil erosion testing apparatus according to the present invention has developed an indicator slope management method for preventing and reducing extreme soil erosion and soil erosion in disturbance areas, The quantitative evaluation of soil erosion has an effect that can be utilized as a basic research data in the process of establishing water management direction and countermeasures.

1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a structure of a soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a side view illustrating a structure of a soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for testing soil erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view showing a structure of a soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, 3 is a side view showing a structure of the soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the side.

As shown in these figures, the soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of vertical frames 110 formed to have a predetermined length and to be symmetrical with respect to each other, A frame part (100) comprising a transverse frame (120) arranged between the vertical frame (110) and the vertical frame (100); A plurality of nozzles 221 connected to the water tank 210 for spraying the water and being fixed to the horizontal frame 120; A spraying unit 200 having a pipe 220 and a pump 230 disposed on a connection path between the water tank 210 and the pipe 220 to pump the water; A soil receiving portion 300 (see FIG. 1) 300 disposed below the jetting portion 200 so as to be inclined with respect to the ground in a state in which the soil is accommodated, so that the degree of soil erosion can be confirmed by water sprayed from the jetting portion 200 ).

The frame part 100 includes a vertical frame 110 and a horizontal frame 120. The vertical frame 110 is formed in an A shape and is a member provided on the ground so that a pair of the vertical frame 110 and the vertical frame 110 are spaced apart from each other And the horizontal frame 120 are members arranged in a direction parallel to the paper surface so as to connect the vertical frame 110 and the vertical frame 110 at their ends.

The transverse frame 120 is preferably formed in a rectangular shape in consideration of the rectangular longitudinal shape of the mesh member 240 so that the mesh member 240 constituting the jetting unit 200 can be easily installed.

The jetting section 200 is fixed to the horizontal frame 120 and injects water toward the ground so that the jetting section 200 can reproduce a state as close as possible to a state in which rainfall falls during natural rainfall .

The jetting unit 200 includes a water tank 210, a pipe 220 for spraying water contained in the water tank 210, and a pump 230 for pumping the water toward the pipe 220 .

The water tank 210 is a member containing water injected into the soil and the pump 230 pumps the water contained in the water tank 210 at a relatively low position to the pipe 220 at a relatively high position .

The pipe 220 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 221, and it is effective to spray the water sprayed from the nozzle 221 in the radial direction.

A mesh member 241 is provided on a lower surface of the horizontal frame 120 on the lower side of the pipe 220 so that the water sprayed from the nozzle 221 is dropped on the mesh member 241 It is effective that the mesh box 240 is disposed.

The mesh box 240 is configured such that the water injected from the nozzle 221 provided in the pipe 220 does not directly fall into the soil but contacts the mesh member 241 provided in the mesh box 240, ), And then drop it in a droplet form to reproduce a state similar to the natural rainfall form.

To this end, the mesh box 240 is formed with a mesh member 241 provided on an upper surface of the mesh box 240 so that water injected from the nozzle 221 flows into the mesh box 240 and water flowing into the mesh box 240 is formed.

The mesh box 240 is fixedly coupled to the rectangular frame 120 and a pipe 220 is disposed on the mesh box 240. The nozzles of the pipe 220 are disposed in a central region of the mesh box 240, It is effective to arrange them.

For this purpose, the pipe 220 is preferably rotatably disposed to uniformly spray water on the entire upper surface of the mesh member 241, and the pipe 220 is installed so as to rotate.

The angle at which the pipe 220 is rotated may vary according to the area of the mesh member 241, but may be an angle enough to uniformly spray water over the entire area of the mesh member 241.

A separate driving motor 250 having a movable gear 251 engaged with a driven gear 222 provided on a pipe 220 for rotating the pipe 220 is installed at one side of the pipe 220. [

The driving motor 250 repeatedly performs forward rotation and reverse rotation so that the water sprayed from the nozzle 221 provided in the pipe 220 uniformly injects the entire area of the mesh member 241. [

The pipe 220 is provided with a pressure gauge 223 for checking the water pressure of the water passing through the pipe 220.

The soil receiving part 300 includes a housing 310 having a mesh network 311 disposed on a front surface of the soil receiving part 300 so as to allow water to fall into the soil and disposed at a relatively low position, And a plate-shaped member 320 provided on the front surface and having a surface on which soil and water flow down.

The soil receiving portion 300 is a member for receiving the soil so that the water sprayed from the spraying portion 200 drops to ascertain what kind of soil erosion is generated by simulation, In view of the frequent occurrence of soil erosion in the sloping terrain, it is arranged obliquely with respect to the ground.

The housing 310 constituting the soil accommodating unit 300 is constructed such that the soil and water can flow down through the sheet member 320 at the upper and lower surfaces of the relatively low position in an inclined arrangement.

The plate-shaped member 320 serves to form a path through which the soil and the water flow down by the water dropped onto the soil. For this purpose, the plate-shaped member 320 is provided with a flat surface, A side plate is provided to prevent water and soil from leaking to the side.

In order to collect the water and the soil flowing down along the flat surface, a width of the water and the soil is gradually decreased along the direction of the water and the soil. In order to collect the water and the soil, And a collecting cylinder 400 is provided at an end lower end of the collecting cylinder 400.

The plate member 320 includes a first plate member 321 provided on the upper side of the front surface of the enclosure 310 to allow the soil and water to flow down from the upper part of the soil to flow down, And a second sheet member 322 for collecting the water flowing through the soil layer and the water written in the soil.

The first plate member 321 is disposed on the upper side of the front surface of the housing 310 so that the soil eroded by the surface runoff can flow down. The second plate member 322 is provided with a passage And is disposed on the lower side of the front surface of the housing 310 so as to be able to function.

In order to reproduce the case where there are surface runoffs in the upper part of the slope, a flood water is flooded in the case where water overflows from the upper surface of the soil to the back side of the soil receiving part 300 disposed at a relatively high position An inflow tank 330 is provided.

It is preferable that the soil receiving part 300 is provided so as to adjust the inclination angle with the ground so that various types of experiments can be performed. For this purpose, the soil receiving part 300 is provided with a tilt adjusting part (Not shown).

The inclination adjusting portion 340 includes four link members 341 hinged to each other, a hinge engaging member 342 provided on an inner surface of the link member 341 in which the link member 341 is hinged, And a coupling member 343 for adjusting the overall length of the link member 341 by changing the angle formed by the link member 341 by screwing and rotating the link member 341 on the hinge coupling member 342.

The upper ends of the link members 341 are fixed to the lower surface of the housing 310 and the lower ends of the link members 341 are fixed to a moving plate 350 to be described later. The distance between the hinge engaging members 342 is adjusted by the rotation of the engaging member 343 so that the height of the entire link member 341 is adjusted.

It is preferable that the soil accommodating unit 300 is installed on the upper surface of the moving plate 350 provided with the wheel member 351 on the lower surface thereof so as to allow the water accommodating unit 300 to move, So that the soil accommodating unit 300 can be easily moved outdoors during the actual rainfall and the experiment can be performed.

An experiment for soil erosion during rainfall using the soil erosion testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention having such a configuration is as follows.

First, after the housing 310 of the soil accommodating unit 300 is filled with the soil, the angle formed between the soil accommodating unit 300 and the upper surface of the moving plate 350 is adjusted on the upper surface of the moving plate 350. The method of adjusting the angle of the portion 300 with the upper surface of the moving plate 350 includes a pair of hinge engaging members 342 arranged to face each other when the engaging member 343 fastened to the hinge engaging member 342 is rotated ) Is moved closer or farther away.

That is, when the distance between the hinge engaging members 342 is shortened, the length formed by the link member 341 becomes long. On the contrary, when the distance between the hinge engaging members 342 is shortened, The length of the soil accommodating portion 300 can be shortened and the angle of the soil accommodating portion 300 can be adjusted.

When the angle formed by the soil receiving portion 300 and the plate surface of the moving plate 350 is completed, the moving plate 350 is moved to be positioned below the jetting portion 200.

When the pump 230 is operated to allow the water contained in the water tank 210 to flow out to the pipe 220 side, when the water flows into the pipe 220 by the operation of the pump 230, The water is sprayed in the radial direction through the nozzle 221 provided in the mesh member 241 to contact the mesh member 241.

At this time, the pipe 220 is reciprocally rotated at a predetermined angle by the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor 250, so that the water sprayed from the nozzle 221 uniformly contacts the entire area of the mesh member 241.

The water contacted to the mesh member 241 is formed on the mesh member 241 and water is continuously sprayed through the nozzle 221 so that the water formed on the mesh member 241 flows into the soil filled in the soil receiving portion 300 And the situation at the time of rainfall is reproduced.

The soil contained in the soil receiving part 300 is eroded by water falling into the soil so that the water and the soil flow down along the sheet member 320. The flowing water and soil are collected in the collecting cylinder 400 Collected.

In this simulation, the soil eroded by the strike of the water droplets falling on the surface of the soil and the outflow of the soil flows down through the first plate member 321 together with the water flowing on the ground, and the soil which penetrates into the soil and flows through the soil layer And the lower effluent flows down through the second plate member 322.

In order to reproduce the case where the surface runoff occurs in the upper part of the slope, water is injected into the inflow tank 330 at the upper side of the side of the soil receiving part 300 together with the spraying of the water nozzle 221 by the simulation of the rainfall, So that water having passed through the member (331) is uniformly supplied to the soil accommodating portion (300).

The amount of water required is sprayed through the nozzle 221 to observe the erosion of the soil while observing the rainfall simulation. As a result of this observation, it can be seen that the rainfall and the surface run- Measure whether erosion is occurring. It is necessary to identify the quantitative characteristics of surface runoff, soil erosion and subsurface runoff while varying the rainfall scale, slope condition, soil characteristics, and surface condition, and to develop the technology to reduce runoff and soil erosion, Use it as data.

As described above, the soil erosion testing apparatus of the present invention has been described through the preferred embodiments. However, it is needless to say that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. There is no saying.

100: frame part 110: vertical frame
120: Horizontal frame 200:
210: water tank 220: pipe
221: nozzle 222:
223: Manometer 230: Pump
240: mesh box 241: mesh member
250: driving motor 300: soil receiving part
310: Housing 320: Plate member
321: first plate member 322: second plate member
330: inflow tank 340:
341: Link member 342: Hinge member
343: fastening member 350: moving plate
351: wheel member 400: collecting container

Claims (10)

A pair of vertical frames 110 formed on the ground so as to be symmetrical with each other and having a predetermined length, a horizontal frame 120 disposed between the vertical frames 110 and vertical frames 100 having a predetermined height from the ground, (100);
A plurality of nozzles 221 connected to the water tank 210 for spraying the water and being fixed to the horizontal frame 120; A spraying unit 200 having a pipe 220 and a pump 230 disposed on a connection path between the water tank 210 and the pipe 220 to pump the water;
A soil receiving part 300 (hereinafter, referred to as " 300 ") for detecting the degree of soil erosion by the water jetted from the jetting part 200 is disposed on the lower side of the jetting part 200, Wherein the soil erosion test apparatus comprises: The method according to claim 1,
A mesh member 241 is provided on the lower surface of the horizontal frame 120 at the lower side of the pipe 220 and a lower surface of the pipe 220 is provided with a mesh member 241. After the water injected from the nozzle 221 is formed on the mesh member 241, And a mesh box (240) for dropping the soil in the soil. 3. The method of claim 2,
The pipe 220 is rotatably installed to uniformly spray water from the nozzle 221 toward the mesh member 241. The pipe 220 is rotated at a predetermined angle to one side of the pipe 220, Wherein a separate driving motor (250) having a movable gear (251) engaging with a driven gear (222) provided on the pipe (220) is installed to drive the soil erosion test apparatus. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the pipe (220) is provided with a pressure gauge (223) capable of checking water pressure of water passing through the pipe (220). The method according to claim 1,
The soil receiving part 300 includes a housing 310 having a mesh network 311 disposed on a front surface of the soil receiving part 300 so as to allow water to fall down into the soil and disposed at a relatively low position, And a plate member (320) provided on the front surface and having a surface on which soil and water flow down. 6. The method of claim 5,
The plate member 320 includes a first plate member 321 disposed on the front surface of the housing 310 and flowing down the soil and water that is lost at the top of the soil, And a second plate member (322) through which soil and water that are lost by the water written on the soil flow down. 6. The method of claim 5,
A flood water inflow tank 330 in which water overflows when water sprayed from the jetting unit 200 overflows from the upper surface of the soil is provided on the rear side of the soil receiving unit 300 disposed at a relatively high position, Wherein the soil erosion test apparatus comprises: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the soil receiving part (300) is provided with a tilt adjusting part (340) capable of adjusting an inclination angle with the ground surface. 9. The method of claim 8,
The inclination adjuster 340 includes four link members 341 hinged to each other, a hinge engaging member 342 provided on an inner surface of the link member 341 and hinged to the link member 341, And a coupling member 343 for adjusting the overall length of the link member 341 by changing the angle formed by the link member 341 by screwing and rotating the hinge coupling member 342 disposed so as to rotate Soil erosion test apparatus. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Wherein the soil receiving part (300) is installed on the upper surface of a moving plate (350) provided with a wheel member (351) on the lower surface so as to be movable.

Images