KR20160063537A - Expanded graphite, method for preparing the same and thermal conductive resin composition comprising the same - Google Patents
Expanded graphite, method for preparing the same and thermal conductive resin composition comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160063537A KR20160063537A KR1020140166803A KR20140166803A KR20160063537A KR 20160063537 A KR20160063537 A KR 20160063537A KR 1020140166803 A KR1020140166803 A KR 1020140166803A KR 20140166803 A KR20140166803 A KR 20140166803A KR 20160063537 A KR20160063537 A KR 20160063537A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/22—Intercalation
- C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to expanded graphite, a method for producing the same, and a thermally conductive resin composition containing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to expanded graphite having a specific expansion structure, a method for producing the same, and a thermally conductive resin composition containing the expanded graphite.
Because metals have high thermal conductivity, they can diffuse heat quickly around other materials, so they can prevent local high-temperature phenomena such as heat-sensitive electric and electronic parts. In addition, metals are excellent in mechanical strength, and can be processed through sheet metal, metal mold, cutting, and the like, which is useful as a heat dissipation component material in a simple shape. However, metal has disadvantages such as difficulty in weight reduction due to a large specific gravity, high unit cost due to a multistage processing process, and the like.
Therefore, research has been conducted to develop a thermally conductive resin composition (thermoconductive polymer composite) which is easy to design, low in unit cost due to high productivity, light in weight due to low specific gravity, and the like. Since the general polymer resin is a thermal insulator having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.4 W / mK, the thermally conductive resin composition may include a thermally conductive filler such as a metallic filler, a ceramic filler, a carbon filler, . However, in the case of the metallic filler, it is difficult to attain light weight of the resin composition due to a high proportion, and it is difficult to process the resin composition. In addition, in the case of the ceramic-based filler, it is difficult to apply a large amount to the resin composition because the inherent thermal conductivity is relatively low, and the manufacturing cost is high due to the high crystallization treatment for controlling defects in the crystal, which decreases the thermal conductivity. Accordingly, carbon-based fillers such as expanded graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphite are mainly used. However, in the case of the carbon-based filler, the resin composition should also be contained in the resin composition in an amount of about 55% by weight or more in order to obtain a thermal conductivity of about 10 W / mK. In this case, have.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-022130 discloses a thermally conductive resin composition comprising a crystalline filler as a thermally conductive filler, a metallic filler of a low melting point metal and a metal powder, a ceramic filler of an inorganic powder, and a glass fiber as a reinforcing agent . The resin composition contains a high content of a thermally conductive filler having no compatibility with a filler in a crystalline polymer which is a matrix, thereby lowering the physical properties of the resin composition. Accordingly, a glass fiber for reinforcing physical properties It has a disadvantage that it must be added.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-074116 discloses a thermoconductive resin composition to which expanded graphite and ordinary graphite are applied as a thermally conductive filler. The resin composition can increase the thermal conductivity by increasing the probability of black contact by adjusting the ratio of expanded graphite and graphite. However, since excessive graphite is used, the resin composition has high viscosity of the material itself, Slurring problems of graphite may occur.
In addition, when the thermally conductive filler is mixed (used in combination), the filler may be crushed during processing due to the difference in hardness of each filler used. This may increase the surface area of the filler rapidly and degrade the processability of the thermally conductive resin composition .
Therefore, there is a need to develop a thermally conductive filler capable of improving the thermal conductivity while maintaining the processability of the thermally conductive resin composition.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an expanded graphite having a novel expansion structure and a process for producing the same.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight thermally conductive resin composition containing the expanded graphite and having excellent thermal conductivity, processability, and the like.
The above and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by the present invention described below.
One aspect of the present invention relates to expanded graphite. Wherein the expanded graphite is a layered structure including at least one interlaminar bond region and at least one interlaminar expansion region, the interlaminar distance of the interlaminar bond region is 0.4 nm or less, the maximum interlaminar distance of the interlaminar expansion region is 30 to 60 占 퐉, The layered structure is characterized by having an average long diameter of 100 to 450 mu m.
In an embodiment, the expanded graphite may have a tap density of 0.02 to 0.80 g / cm 3 as measured by the ASTM D1895 method.
In an embodiment, the expanded graphite may further include a carboxyl group at the graphite end.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing the expanded graphite. The graphite is put into a mixed acid containing nitric acid and sulfuric acid, heated at 50 to 150 캜, and then washed with water to a pH of the graphite of 0.1 to 7 to produce expansive graphite; And heating the expandable graphite at 180 to 700 ° C.
In embodiments, the volume ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid may be between 1: 1 and 1:12.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a thermoconductive resin composition. The thermally conductive resin composition is characterized by comprising a thermoplastic resin and the expanded graphite.
In an embodiment, the content of the expanded graphite may be 32 to 130 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
In an embodiment, the thermoplastic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamide resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyarylene sulfide resin, a polycarbonate resin polyimide resin, a polysulfone resin, a polyester resin, Or more.
In a specific example, the thermoconductive resin composition may have a thermal conductivity of 10 to 30 W / mK and a thermal diffusivity of 10 to 18 mm 2 / s measured according to ISO 22007-4 (Laser flash method).
In a specific example, the thermally conductive resin composition may have a specific gravity of 1.00 to 1.45 as measured by the ASTM D792 method.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has the effect of providing an expanded graphite having a novel expansion structure, a method for producing the expanded graphite, and a thermally conductive resin composition excellent in thermal conductivity, processability, and physical properties balance including the expanded graphite.
1 is a schematic view of expanded graphite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an SEM photograph of expanded graphite produced according to Example 1 of the present invention.
3 is a SEM photograph of expanded graphite produced according to Example 6 of the present invention.
4 is a SEM photograph of expanded graphite produced according to Example 7 of the present invention.
5 is an SEM photograph of expanded graphite produced according to Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
6 is an SEM photograph of the thermoconductive resin composition prepared according to Example 8 of the present invention.
7 is an SEM photograph of the thermoconductive resin composition prepared according to Example 9 of the present invention.
8 is an SEM photograph of the thermoconductive resin composition prepared according to Comparative Example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an FT-IR spectrum of graphite used in the production of the expanded graphite and the expanded graphite produced in accordance with
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Expanded graphite according to the present invention has a novel structure in the form of honeycomb-shaped particles because the expansion degree (expansion ratio) is lower than that of a worm-like expanded graphite having an insect shape, An interlaminar bonding region, and at least one interlaminar expansion region. In this case, the interlayer distance of the interlayer bonding region may be 0.4 nm or less, for example, 0.33 to 0.38 nm, and the maximum interlayer distance of the interlayer expansion region may be 30 to 60 탆, for example, 40 to 50 탆, The structure may have an average long diameter (for example, an average length in the direction of the graphite surface) of 100 to 450 mu m, for example, 130 to 420 mu m.
1 is a schematic view of expanded graphite according to an embodiment of the present invention for explaining the layered structure. As shown in Fig. 1, the expanded graphite of the present invention is a layered lamellar structure including an
In an embodiment, the expanded graphite may have a tap density of 0.02 to 0.80 g / cm 3 , for example 0.045 to 0.690 g / cm 3 , as measured according to ASTM D1895. In this range, expanded graphite may have the layered structure.
In the specific examples, the expanded graphite may have a carboxyl group introduced at the graphite end so as to improve the compatibility with the resin and the interfacial bonding force.
The expanded graphite of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting graphite to immersion in a mixed acid including nitric acid and sulfuric acid and treating the graphite at 50 to 150 ° C, for example, at 70 to 130 ° C for 30 minutes to 5 hours, And the expandable graphite is washed at a temperature of 180 to 700 ° C, for example, at a temperature of 300 to 700 ° C for 10 minutes to 2 For a period of time (heat treatment).
If the heating temperature of the acid treatment is less than 50 캜 during the production of the expanded graphite, there is a possibility that the reforming reaction does not occur or the reaction time becomes long. When the temperature exceeds 150 캜, the graphite is reformed much and the sp 2 resonance structure of the graphite collapses There is a concern. Further, if it is less than pH after the water washing graphite is 1, the complex may occur decomposition of the resin during manufacture, if it exceeds 7, after the expansion of the produced graphite tab density is larger, the volume increased to 0.014 less than g / cm 3 A resin composite containing expanded graphite may not be formed. If the temperature during the heat treatment is less than 180 占 폚, there is a possibility that the expanded graphite will not be sufficiently expanded to have the maximum inter-layer distance of the interlaminar expansion region within the above range, and if it exceeds 700 占 폚, There is a possibility that it may not have.
In the specific examples, the graphite may be graphite which is used as a common expanded graphite raw material without restriction. For example, graphite having an average particle diameter of 130 to 420 탆 may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In embodiments, the volume ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid (nitric acid: sulfuric acid) may be from 1: 1 to 1:12, such as from 1: 2 to 1: 6. Expansion graphite having the layered structure in the above range can be obtained.
The amount of the mixed acid is not limited as long as the amount of the graphite can be impregnated, but may be 200 to 1,000 parts by weight, for example, 300 to 900 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the graphite.
In embodiments, the temperature during the heat treatment may be from 180 to 500 占 폚 or from higher than 500 占 폚 to 700 占 폚 or lower. When the temperature during the heat treatment is 180 to 500 ° C., expanded graphite having a carboxyl group at the end of the graphite can be produced. When the temperature is more than 500 ° C. and less than 700 ° C., expanded graphite having no terminal carboxyl group can be produced.
In embodiments, the temperature during the acid treatment may be from 50 to 85 占 폚 or from 85 占 폚 to 150 占 폚. When the acid treatment temperature is 50 to 85 ° C, expanded graphite having no terminal carboxyl groups can be produced regardless of the temperature during the heat treatment.
Here, the presence or absence of a terminal carboxyl group of the expanded graphite can be confirmed by the presence or absence of a peak near the 1,180 cm -1 of the FT-IR spectrum.
The thermoconductive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized by containing the expanded graphite as a thermoplastic resin and a thermally conductive filler.
As the thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic resins used in a thermoconductive resin composition capable of extrusion, injection molding, and the like can be used without limitation. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polyamide resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyarylene sulfide resin, A polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, a liquid crystal polymer resin (LCP), a polyimide resin, and a copolymer thereof. Specifically, a polyamide resin such as polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 12 (PA6), high heat resistant polyamide (MDX-6 and the like), polyolefin resin such as polyethylene (PE) , And polyphenylene sulfide; polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol A polycarbonate; polyester resins such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); polyether sulfone resins; and polyetherimide resins Based resin may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The concrete constitution and the production method of these thermoplastic resins can be customized according to the constitution and the production method for each thermoplastic resin.
In an embodiment, the content of the expanded graphite may be 32 to 130 parts by weight, for example, 50 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. In the case of the composite prepared in the above range, it is possible to obtain a thermally conductive resin composition excellent in thermal conductivity, which can be reduced in weight due to its small specific gravity and can be processed into a composite material without greatly deteriorating mechanical properties.
In a specific example, the thermally conductive resin composition may further include additives such as a lubricant, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer, and an antioxidant. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. For example, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, but is not limited thereto.
The thermoconductive resin composition of the present invention is a composite in which the above components are mixed, and the above components are mixed at 150 to 330 캜, for example, at 170 to 310 캜 using a Haake mixer or the like, Extruded at a temperature of 170 to 330 ° C, for example 200 to 310 ° C, but is not limited thereto.
The thermoconductive resin composition can be molded into various molded articles through various molding methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, compression molding, vacuum molding, and casting molding. . Such molding methods are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.
In a specific example, the thermoconductive resin composition may have a thermal conductivity measured according to ISO 22007-4 (Laser flash method) of 10 to 30 W / mK, for example, 15 to 29 W / mK, 10 to 18 mm 2 / s, for example 11 to 17 mm 2 / s.
In a specific example, the thermoconductive resin composition may have a specific gravity of 1.00 to 1.45, for example, 1.05 to 1.45 as measured by the ASTM D792 method.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but these examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example
Example 1: Production of expanded graphite
(Volume ratio (nitric acid: sulfuric acid) = 1: 3) of graphite (manufactured by Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle size: 250 μm) with agar (60%) and concentrated sulfuric acid (96% For 4 hours, and diluted and washed with water at room temperature so as to have a pH of 2.5 to produce expandable graphite. The expanded graphite produced was heat treated in an electric furnace at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare expanded graphite having a carboxyl group at the end of graphite. An SEM image of the expanded graphite was taken and shown in FIG. 2. The tap density was measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below. 9 shows FT-IR spectra of graphite (mixed acid treatment), produced expanded graphite (after heat treatment at 400 ° C.), and graphite (3061) used in the production of the expanded graphite after the acid treatment.
Example 2: Production of expanded graphite
Expansion graphite free of carboxyl groups at the ends of graphite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the produced expandable graphite was heat-treated in an electric furnace at 600 ° C for 30 minutes. The tap density was measured according to the following property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below. The FT-IR spectrum of the expanded graphite produced is shown in Fig.
Example 3: Production of expanded graphite
Expanded graphite having a carboxyl group at the end of graphite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed acid having a volume ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid of 1: 9 was used instead of the mixed acid. The tap density was measured according to the following property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 4: Production of expanded graphite
Expanded graphite free of carboxyl groups at the ends of graphite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graphite was immersed in the mixed acid and then heated at 80 ° C for 4 hours. The tap density was measured according to the following property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 5: Production of expanded graphite
Expansion graphite free of carboxyl groups at the ends of graphite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the produced expandable graphite was heat-treated in an electric furnace at 600 ° C for 30 minutes. The tap density was measured according to the following property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 6: Production of expanded graphite
Except for using graphite (product name: F # 2, average particle diameter: 130 μm) manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industry Co., Ltd. as graphite, expanded graphite having a carboxyl group at the end of graphite was produced Respectively. An SEM image of the expanded graphite was taken and shown in FIG. 3. The tap density was measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 7: Production of expanded graphite
Expanded graphite having a carboxyl group at the end of graphite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite of Timcal Co. (product name: Timres KS150-600SP, average particle size: 250 탆) was used as the graphite. An SEM image of the expanded graphite was taken and shown in FIG. 4. The tap density was measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Comparative Example 1: Production of expanded graphite
The acidic expandable graphite (product name: 1721) of Asbury Co. was heat-treated in an electric furnace at 400 ° C for 10 minutes to produce expanded graphite free of carboxyl groups at the end of graphite. An SEM image of the expanded graphite was taken and shown in FIG. 5, and the tap density was measured according to the following physical property evaluation method. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Comparative Example 2: Production of expanded graphite
The basic expanded graphite (product name: 3721) of Asbury Co. was heat treated in an electric furnace at 400 ° C for 10 minutes to prepare expanded graphite free of carboxyl groups at the end of graphite. The tap density was measured according to the following property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Property evaluation method
* Tab density (apparent density, unit: g / cm 3 ): The expandable graphite produced was expanded according to ASTM D1895, the weight was weighed, transferred to a 25 mL graduation cylinder, The final volume was measured by vibration filling and top filling. The density (g / cm 3 ) was calculated from the measured weight (g) and the final volume (cm 3 ).
From the results of Table 1 and Figs. 2 to 5, the expanded graphite according to the present invention is a novel laminated layered structure including at least one interlaminar bond region and at least one interlaminar expansion region, and has a tap density of 0.045 g / cm 3 or more (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) expanded to an insect shape having a tap density of 0.014 g / cm 3 or less. From the FT-IR spectrum of FIG. 9, it can be seen that the carboxyl group is present in Example 1 depending on whether or not there is a peak near 1,180 cm -1 , and Example 2 and graphite (3061) .
Example 8: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
100 parts by weight of polyamide 6 (PA6, manufacturer: Zigsheng, product name: TP4210) and 100 parts by weight of expanded graphite of Example 1 were put in a Haake mixer and mixed at 260 DEG C and 100 rpm for 10 minutes. This was subjected to a compression molding method (molding temperature: 260 to 300 ° C) to prepare a thermoconductive resin composition sample (for measurement of thermal diffusivity in the in-plane direction) having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 1 inch, Two inch specimens (for measuring the through-plane thermal diffusivity) were prepared. The SEM image of the prepared thermoconductive resin composition specimen was photographed and shown in FIG. 6, and the density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, .
Example 9: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
100 parts by weight of polyamide 6 (PA6, manufacturer: Zigsheng, product name: TP4210) and 100 parts by weight of expanded graphite of Example 1 were put into a Haake mixer and mixed at 260 DEG C and 100 rpm for 10 minutes. A thermally conductive resin composition specimen (for measurement of thermal diffusivity in an in-plane direction) having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 1 inch was prepared by an injection molding method (molding temperature: 260 to 300 ° C) Two inch specimens (for measuring the through-plane thermal diffusivity) were prepared. An SEM image of the prepared thermoconductive resin composition specimen was taken and shown in FIG. 7, and the density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, .
Comparative Example 3: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
A composite and a sample for thermal conductivity measurement were prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that graphite (manufacturer: Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle diameter: 250 μm) was used instead of the expanded graphite. An SEM image of the prepared thermoconductive resin composition specimen was photographed and shown in FIG. 8. The density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, .
Comparative Example 4: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
The procedure of Example 8 was repeated except that graphite (manufacturer: Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle diameter: 250 탆) was used instead of the expanded graphite, and polyamide 6 and graphite were used in a weight ratio of 40:60 Composites and specimens for thermal conductivity measurement were prepared. The density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
Comparative Example 5: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
Composites and specimens for thermal conductivity measurement were prepared in the same manner as in Example 9 except that graphite (manufacturer: Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle diameter: 250 μm) was used instead of the expanded graphite. The density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
Comparative Example 6: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
The same procedure as in Example 9 was carried out except that graphite (manufacturer: Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle diameter: 250 μm) was used in place of the expanded graphite and polyamide 6 and graphite were used in a weight ratio of 40:60 Composites and specimens for thermal conductivity measurement were prepared. The density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
Comparative Example 7: Preparation of thermally conductive resin composition
The same procedure as in Example 9 was carried out except that graphite (manufacturer: Asbury, product name: 3061, average particle diameter: 250 μm) was used in place of the expanded graphite and polyamide 6 and graphite were used in a weight ratio of 30:70 Composites and specimens for thermal conductivity measurement were prepared. The density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the prepared specimen were measured according to the following physical property evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
Property evaluation method
(1) Specific gravity: The specific gravity of the composite was measured according to ASTM D792
(2) Thermal conductivity (unit: W / mK) and thermal diffusivity (unit: mm 2 / s): According to ISO 22007-4 (Laser flash method), the thermal conductivity of LZ447 (Netzsch) The thermal conductivity was measured by measuring the thermal diffusivity in the plane and through-plane directions.
From the results shown in the above Table 2, the thermally conductive resin composition according to the present invention uses expanded graphite in an amount of 50% by weight, The specific gravity is as low as 1.45 or less, the high thermal conductivity of 20 W / mK or more, and the high thermal diffusivity of 12 mm 2 / s or more. This enables the weight of the resin to be reduced despite the high content of the filler, which is advantageous in terms of weight when applied to automobiles or portable electronic devices, and has a high thermal conductivity, which is advantageous in solving the heat dissipation problem due to the high degree of equipment integration.
On the other hand, in the comparative example, when the graphite is used in an amount of not more than 55% by weight (Comparative Examples 3 and 5), the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity are low. When the graphite is used in an amount of 60% A high thermal diffusivity of 12 mm 2 / s or more can be obtained, but it can be seen that the density can not be increased and the weight can not be reduced.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
Wherein an interlayer distance of the interlayer joint region is 0.4 nm or less, a maximum interlayer distance of the interlayer expansion region is 30 to 60 占 퐉, and the layered structure has an average major axis length of 100 to 450 占 퐉.
And heating the expandable graphite at 180 to 700 占 폚.
A thermally conductive resin composition comprising expanded graphite according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018178940A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Graphite-based compositions with increased volume resistivity |
| CN109179402A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-11 | 辽宁新瑞碳材料科技有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving graphite high-temperature expansion furnace system |
-
2014
- 2014-11-26 KR KR1020140166803A patent/KR20160063537A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018178940A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Graphite-based compositions with increased volume resistivity |
| KR20190120405A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-23 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Graphite-based composition with increased volume resistivity |
| CN110536924A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-12-03 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | The composition based on graphite with increased volume resistivity |
| US10676600B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2020-06-09 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Graphite-based compositions with increased volume resistivity |
| CN110536924B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-08-25 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Graphite-based compositions having increased volume resistivity |
| CN109179402A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-11 | 辽宁新瑞碳材料科技有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving graphite high-temperature expansion furnace system |
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