KR20160061888A - Bifacial solar cell - Google Patents
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- KR20160061888A KR20160061888A KR1020150162863A KR20150162863A KR20160061888A KR 20160061888 A KR20160061888 A KR 20160061888A KR 1020150162863 A KR1020150162863 A KR 1020150162863A KR 20150162863 A KR20150162863 A KR 20150162863A KR 20160061888 A KR20160061888 A KR 20160061888A
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0687—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
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- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
This specification claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0164711 filed on November 24, 2014, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This specification relates to a double-sided solar cell.
At present, the usage of fossil fuels used by mankind is rapidly increasing, and it is in danger of depletion in centuries. As a result, the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air are becoming increasingly serious. On the contrary, the use of renewable energy, which is pollution-free green energy, is still only about 2% of the total energy source. Therefore, human beings are interested in the development and research of new and renewable energy sources, and especially, they are increasing the investment in solar energy. Among the renewable energy sources such as wind, water, and sun, solar energy is the most interested. Solar cells using solar energy are expected to be an energy source capable of solving future energy problems because of their low pollution, their infinite resources and their semi-permanent life span.
In this respect, solar cells are expected to play a very important role in the renewable energy field in the future. Today, the next generation solar cells are used as solar cells using organic materials, that is, dye-sensitized solar cells and organic (polymer) solar cells. Full-scale research and development of these solar cells have been under way since the early 1990's and have been carried out so far. However, they have a relatively short research and development period compared to inorganic solar cells.
The initial dye-sensitized solar cell was led by Gratzel professor group in Switzerland EPFL and Organic (polymer) solar cell led by Heeger professor group of US UCSB. Currently, dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells have been born with different research backgrounds and many technologies have been developed, but they are competing with each other with a common goal of developing new solar cells to replace inorganic solar cells . Comparing the degree of technological development until recently, it can be said that dye-sensitized solar cell is dominant in terms of efficiency and organic solar cell is dominant in manufacturing process.
In particular, an electrolyte used in a dye-sensitized solar cell can be classified into a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, and a solid electrolyte according to the properties thereof. The liquid electrolyte has an advantage of high energy conversion efficiency, but evaporation of the organic solvent is caused, and the photochemical process becomes unstable, thereby shortening the lifetime of the solar cell. In the case of a solid electrolyte, there is no problem of leakage or evaporation of the electrolyte as opposed to the liquid electrolyte, but it has a disadvantage that the energy conversion efficiency is generally low.
Until now, next generation solar cells have low energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, in order to secure competitiveness with other solar cells at present, it is very important to improve the efficiency.
This specification intends to provide a double-sided solar cell.
One embodiment of the present invention relates to a solar cell comprising: a first solar cell unit; A second solar cell unit provided opposite to the first solar cell unit; And a bonding layer provided between the first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit,
The first solar cell unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, and a first perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Wherein the second solar cell unit includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode facing the third electrode, and a second perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode,
The bonding layer provides a double-sided solar cell provided between the second electrode and the fourth electrode.
The double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention can bond two solar cell units and absorb light through the surface provided with each solar cell unit, so that a broader light absorption area can be secured And high light conversion efficiency can be realized.
In addition, the double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention may be a wound structure, and in this case, efficiency of light can be efficiently absorbed in various directions.
FIG. 1 illustrates a stacked structure of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show a stacked structure of a first solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 and 5 show a stacked structure of a second solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
When a member is referred to herein as being "on " another member, it includes not only a member in contact with another member but also another member between the two members.
Whenever a component is referred to as "comprising ", it is to be understood that the component may include other components as well, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
One embodiment of the present invention relates to a solar cell comprising: a first solar cell unit; A second solar cell unit provided opposite to the first solar cell unit; And a bonding layer provided between the first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit,
The first solar cell unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, and a first perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Wherein the second solar cell unit includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode facing the third electrode, and a second perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode,
The bonding layer provides a double-sided solar cell provided between the second electrode and the fourth electrode.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode and the third electrode may be transparent electrodes. Specifically, the double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention can absorb light through the first electrode and the third electrode. That is, the double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention can absorb light on both sides through the first electrode and the third electrode.
The term "transparent" in this specification may mean that the light transmittance in the light of 450 nm wavelength is 20% or more and 100% or less.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transparent electrode may be a transparent conductive oxide layer or a metal electrode having a thickness of 20 nm or less. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transparent electrode having a thickness of 20 nm or less may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 10 nm or less.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the metal electrode having a thickness of 20 nm or less may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 1 nm or more, 3 nm or more, or 5 nm or more.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the second electrode and the fourth electrode may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, both the second electrode and the fourth electrode may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the metal electrode may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 100 nm or more. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fourth electrode may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 500 mn or less, 300 nm or less, or 200 nm or less.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode and / or the fourth electrode may be a metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more, and is characterized by high reflectivity and high electrical conductivity. In particular, the metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more can reflect light, which is not absorbed by the first and second solar cell units, into the double-sided solar cell to help reabsorb the light. In addition, the metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more can improve the performance of each solar cell unit by increasing the optical short-circuit current density (J sc ), which is a factor of energy conversion efficiency, due to high electrical conductivity.
In the following embodiments of the present invention, the metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more is formed in a thermal evaporator having a degree of vacuum of 5 x 10 < -7 > torr or less while the hole transport layer is introduced. Au was formed to a thickness of 100 nm.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transparent conductive oxide layer may have a light transmittance of not less than 60% and not more than 100% in a 450-nm wavelength light.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal electrode having a thickness of 20 nm or less may have a light transmittance of not less than 20% and not more than 70% in a 450-nm wavelength light.
The double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may be formed by bonding two solar cell units using a bonding layer.
FIG. 1 illustrates a stacked structure of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 1 shows a structure in which the first
2 shows a laminated structure of a first solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 illustrates that the
3 shows a laminated structure of a first solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 shows that the
4 shows a stacked structure of a second solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 illustrates that the
FIG. 5 shows a stacked structure of a second solar cell unit of a double-sided solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 shows that the
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second perovskite photoactive layers may each independently include a perovskite structure compound represented by the following structural formula (1).
[Structural formula 1]
ABX 3
Wherein A comprises a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen ion, a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted carbon ion, an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion, B comprises a cation of a transition metal, X is a Group 16 and Group 17 And an anion of an element selected from the group selected from the group consisting of
According to one embodiment of the present invention, A in the structural formula 1 may be a cation represented by the following formula (2-1).
[Formula 2-1]
[A ' pa '' (1-p) ] +
A 'and A " each independently represent Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Be 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ or Ba 2+ , .
According to one embodiment of the present invention, A in the structural formula 1 may be a cation represented by the following general formula (2-2).
[Formula 2-2]
In Formula 2-2,
R 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms,
R 12 to R 14 each independently represent hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, A in the structural formula 1 may be a cation represented by the following general formula (2-3).
[Formula 2-3]
In Formula 2-3,
R15 to R17 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, ''ego,
Each of R 'and R' 'independently represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, B in the structural formula 1 is one kind selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, Cd, Co, Mn, Cr, Ge, Yb, Cu, Ni, Ti, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > transition metal. ≪ / RTI >
According to one embodiment of the present invention, X in the formula 1 may be an anion represented by the following formula 3-1.
[Formula 3-1]
[X ' (3-wz) X'' w X'' z ] 3-
X ', X "and X'" are each independently an anion of an element selected from the group consisting of Group 16 and Group 17, 0? W? 3, and 0? Z?
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite-structured compound may be one satisfying any one of the following structural formulas 2-1 to 2-6.
[Structural formula 2-1]
CH 3 NH 3 PbX (3- Z) X 'Z
[Structural formula 2-2]
HC (NH 2 ) 2 PbX (3-Z) X ' Z
[Structural formula 2-3]
CH 3 NH 3 SnX (3-Z) X ' Z
[Structural formula 2-4]
HC (NH 2 ) 2 SnX (3-Z) X ' Z
[Structural formula 2-5]
CH 3 NH 3 Pb y Sn (1-y) X (3-Z) X ' Z
[Structural formula 2-6]
HC (NH 2 ) 2 Pb y Sn (1-y) X (3-Z) X ' Z
In the structural formulas 2-1 to 2-6,
X and X 'are each independently a halogen ion, y is a real number of 0 or more and 1 or less, and z is a real number of 0 or more and 3 or less.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the perovskite-structured compound is CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI (3-z) Br z, it may include CH 3 NH 3 PbI (3- z) Cl z, CH 3 NH 3 PbBr (3-z) 1 or more materials selected from the group consisting of Cl z, CH 3 NH 3 PbIBrCl. Z is as described above. Specifically, the compound of Fe lobe Sky tree structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be a CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the perovskite-structured compound may have an average particle size of 2 nm to 700 nm, and the thickness of the first and second perovskite photoactive layers is 2 nm To 2 [mu] m.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second perovskite photoactive layers may each have a perovskite structure compound dispersed in a polymer having a hole transport function or a single molecule. In addition, the perovskite photoactive layer containing the perovskite structure compound is positioned between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer and forms a heterojunction interface with each of the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer, .
The first and second solar cell units may each include a perovskite photoactive layer and may have a broad solar absorption spectrum from a visible light region to a near infrared region.
Since the first and second solar cell units according to one embodiment of the present invention have a high extinction coefficient, a high current density can be secured even if the thickness of the perovskite photoactive layer is small.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second perovskite photoactive layers may each include a perovskite structure compound that absorbs light having a wavelength of 250 nm to 1,200 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first solar cell unit further comprises a transparent substrate, and the transparent substrate is provided on the opposite surface of the second electrode facing the first perovskite photoactive layer .
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second solar cell unit further comprises a transparent substrate, and the transparent substrate is provided on the opposite surface of the fourth electrode facing the second perovskite photoactive layer .
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first or second solar cell unit may include one or more photoactive layers.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode of the first solar cell unit is a cathode, and the second electrode may be an anode.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the third electrode of the second solar cell unit is a cathode, and the fourth electrode may be an anode.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the bonding layer comprises an air layer; Glass; Transparent or opaque adhesives; And a transparent or opaque insulator.
Transparency in this specification may mean that light can pass through. Specifically, it may mean that light can be transmitted through 50% to 100%. Specifically, it may mean that light can pass 70% to 100%.
Specifically, the air layer may mean a bonding layer in which an adhesive material is not provided in a region corresponding to the photoactive layer of the first and second solar cell units. That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the air layer may mean a bonding layer having an adhesive material in a peripheral region of the first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit.
In the double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention, the bonding layer provided between the two solar cell units may be transparent or opaque. When the bonding layer is transparent, extra light that can not be absorbed by any one of the solar cell units is transferred to another solar cell unit, thereby increasing efficiency. At this time, the second electrode and the fourth electrode of the double-sided solar cell may be transparent or translucent.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the material forming the bonding layer can be used without limitation as long as it can combine the first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent or opaque junction and / or the transparent or opaque insulation may comprise a solid or liquid adhesive; Transparent or opaque double-sided tape; And a transparent or opaque sealant material.
Specifically, the solid or liquid bonding material may be an acrylic adhesive; Epoxy adhesive; PVC-based adhesive, and the like. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The double-sided tape may be a general double-sided tape including PVC-based double-sided insulation tape. The sealant in the present specification may be a surlyn film, a byelane film or the like, but is not limited thereto.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of two surfaces of the bonding layer opposite to the solar cell unit may have a bonding area of 10% or more and 80% or less with respect to the solar cell unit. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the two surfaces of the bonding layer opposite to the solar cell unit has a junction area of 10% or more and 50% or less, or 10% or more and 40% % ≪ / RTI >
The junction area may refer to an area of a region where two solar cell units are joined by glass, an adhesive, a transparent insulator, or the like. In addition, the region excluding the bonding area of the bonding layer is an area not provided with a separate material, which is advantageous in that there is no loss of light wavelength, and thus the light absorption rate of the solar cell unit in the lower layer can be increased .
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the bonding surface of the bonding layer includes a shape including only the edge region of the bonding layer; Or may be in the form of a mesh.
The shape including only the edge region of the bonding layer may mean that no bonding surface is formed in the center region of the bonding layer. Specifically, the shape including only the rim region of the bonding layer may mean that the area of the central portion where the bonding surface is not formed is 20% or more, 40% or more, or 60% or more of the total area of the bonding layer .
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the shape of the bonding layer bonding surface is a shape including only the edge region of the bonding layer, the bonding layer may be transparent or opaque.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bonding layer may include a region excluding a region corresponding to the photoactive layer to form a bonding surface. Alternatively, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the bonding layer may partially overlap the region corresponding to the photoactive layer to form a bonding surface.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shape including only the edge region of the bonding surface may mean that the bonding surface is formed in the edge region excluding the region corresponding to the photoactive layer.
The mesh shape may include a pattern of triangular, square, hexagonal, or polygonal closed shapes.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the bonding layer may be 50 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
The first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit are very light in weight as compared with the inorganic solar cell unit using polysilicon as a main material. Therefore, even when the thickness of the bonding layer is formed into a thin film of 50 nm or more and 100 nm or less, The adhesive strength to the battery unit can be maintained.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transparent conductive oxide layer may be formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyperopylene (PP), polyimide (PI), polycarbornate ), POM (polyoxyethylene), AS resin (acrylonitrile styrene copolymer), ABS resin (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer), TAC (triacetyl cellulose) and PAR (polyarylate) Doped can be used. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent conductive oxide layer may include ITO; IZO; IZTO; ATO; AZO; GZO; FTO; ZTO; ZnO; FZO; IGZO; WO 3 ; ZrO 3; V 2 O 7 ; MoO 3, and ReO 3 . In addition, as the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer, a conductive PEDOT and a conductive polymer, which are conductive materials, can be used. Specifically, the conductive PEDOT and the conductive polymer can be doped and used.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to form the transparent conductive oxide layer, the patterned ITO substrate is sequentially cleaned with a cleaning agent, acetone, isopropanol (IPA), and then heated at 100 ° C to 250 ° C The substrate is dried for 1 to 30 minutes, specifically at 250 DEG C for 10 minutes, so that the substrate can be completely cleaned.
In an embodiment of the present invention described below, a method of oxidizing the surface through ozone generated using UV is used. After the ultrasonic cleaning, the patterned ITO substrate is baked on a hot plate, And the ITO substrate patterned by the ozone generated by the reaction of the oxygen gas with the UV light was cleaned by applying the UV lamp to the next chamber.
However, the method of modifying the surface of the patterned ITO substrate in the present specification is not particularly limited, and any method may be used as long as it is a method of oxidizing the substrate.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the metal electrode comprises a metal; Metal nanoparticles; Core-shell particles comprising metal; And a metal mesh. [0034] The term " metal mesh "
Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the metal electrode may include Ag, Al, Au, or an alloy of the metal.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first solar cell unit and the second solar cell unit each independently include a hole injection layer; A hole transport layer; An inter layer; A hole blocking layer; A charge generation layer; An electron blocking layer; And an electron transport layer may be further included.
The hole transporting layer and / or the electron transporting layer material of the present invention may be a material that increases the probability that electrons and holes are efficiently transferred to the electrode by efficiently transferring electrons and holes to the photoactive layer, but is not particularly limited.
The hole transport layer in this specification may be an anode buffer layer.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the hole transport layer comprises a PEDOT: PSS; Molybdenum oxide (MoO x ); Vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ); Nickel oxide (NiO); And tungsten oxide (WO x ).
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of monomolecular and high molecular materials and copolymers thereof used as an electron donor in an organic solar cell, Or may include, but are not limited to, monomolecular and polymeric hole-transporting materials.
Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport layer is formed of spiro-MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7'-tetrakis- (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenyl- 9,9'-spirobifluorene) can be used.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport layer is formed of a polymer material such as poly (3-hexylthiophene), poly [N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt- - (4'-7'-di-2-thienyl-2 ', 1', 3'-benzothiadiazole)]), PCPDTBT (poly [2,6- -cyclopenta [2,1-5b; 3,4-b '] dithiophene) -tallow-4,7- (2,1,3-benxothiadiazole)], PFO-DBT (poly [2,7- 9-dioctyl-fluorene) -tallow-5,5- (4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)], PTB7 (Poly [[4,8-bis [ ) oxy] benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2 - [(2- ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4- b] thiophenediyl ]), PSiF-DBT (Poly [2,7- (9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole) -alt-4,7-bis (thiophen-2-yl) benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), PTAA (poly (triarylamine) And at least one selected from the group consisting of
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport layer may include at least one additive selected from tBP (tertiarybutylpyridine) and Li-TFSI (Lithium Bis (Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide). By including the additive, the optical open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of the second organic solar battery unit can be increased.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport layer may be formed to a thickness of 5 nm to 20 nm through a thermal deposition system of MoO 3 .
The electron transport layer in this specification may be a cathode buffer layer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electron transport layer may be electron-extracting metal oxides, and specifically titanium oxide (TiO x ); Zinc oxide (ZnO); And cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the double-sided solar cell may be a flexible solar cell. In this case, the substrate may comprise a flexible material. Specifically, the substrate may be a glass, a plastic substrate, or a film-like substrate in the form of a thin film which can be bent.
Although the material of the plastic substrate is not particularly limited, it may be a single layer or a multilayer film such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PEEK (polyether ether ketone) have.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the double-sided solar cell may have a wound structure. Specifically, when the double-sided solar cell is wound, the second electrode may be wound to face the outer surface.
The double-sided solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured in the form of a flexible film, and it can be made into a cylindrical solar cell with a winding structure that is hollow. In the case where the double-sided solar cell is wound, the solar cell can be mounted on a ground surface. In this case, it is possible to secure a portion where the angle of incidence of light becomes maximum while the sun at the position where the double-sided solar cell is installed moves from east to west. Thus, while the sun is floating, it has the advantage of absorbing as much light as possible and increasing efficiency.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments according to the present disclosure can be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present specification is not construed as being limited to the embodiments described below. Embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to more fully describe the present disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[Comparative Example 1] Production of solar cell unit
(1) Cleaning of patterned ITO substrate
Patterned ITO glass (sheet resistance: ~ 11.5 Ω / sq, Shinan SNP) In order to clean the surface of the substrate, ultrasonic cleaning was performed for 20 minutes each using a cleaning agent, acetone, and isopropanol (IPA) After thoroughly blowing, the substrate was dried on a hot plate at 250 ° C for 10 minutes to completely remove moisture. Once the patterned ITO substrate was cleaned, the surface was modified in a UVO scrubber (UVO cleaner, Ahtech LTS, Korea) for 30 minutes.
(2) Preparation of electron transport layer
A ZnO precursor solution was prepared using a hydrolysis reaction in advance. The ZnO precursor solution was spin-coated on the ITO substrate, and then the remaining solvent was removed by heat treatment to complete an electron transport layer.
(3) Production of photoactive layer
Red diiodide (PbI 2 ) was dissolved in a solvent of dimethylformamide (DMF), and the PbI 2 solution was spin-coated on the electron transport layer, followed by heat treatment to remove remaining solvent. Then, methyl ammonium iodide (CH 3 NH 3 I) was dissolved in an isopropanol (IPA) solvent to form a solution, and the ITO substrate coated up to the PbI 2 was immersed in the solution and taken out. To the remaining methyl ammonium that come remove Id (CH 3 NH 3 I), it was taken out and then again soaked in isopropanol (IPA). Thereafter, the ITO substrate was heat-treated to remove remaining solvent to form a photoactive layer containing a perovskite structure compound CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 .
(4) Preparation of hole transport layer
Spiro-MeOTAD, tBP and Li-TFSI were dissolved in a solvent of chlorobenzene (CB), and spin-coated on the photoactive layer to form a hole transport layer.
(5) Manufacturing of solar cell unit
In this order, Au was deposited inside the thermal evaporator at a deposition rate of 100 nm on the hole transport layer at a rate of 1 Å / s to form a metal electrode.
[Example 1] Production of double-sided solar cell
Two solar cell units according to Comparative Example 1 were prepared, and the metal electrodes of each solar cell unit were combined using a transparent adhesive to produce a double-sided solar cell.
Table 1 below shows the electro-optical characteristics of two solar cell units manufactured according to Comparative Example 1 and a double-sided solar cell fabricated according to Example 1, respectively. In Table 1, Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 show two solar cell units manufactured according to Comparative Example 1, respectively.
In order to measure the electro-optical characteristics shown in Table 1 below, weak light of about 10 mW / cm 2 was incident on both sides of each solar cell.
Table 1 below shows the optical short-circuit current density J sc , the open-circuit voltage V oc , the fill factor (FF) and the energy conversion efficiency. Here, the fill factor (FF) ( V max ) × current density ( J max ) / ( V oc × J sc ), and the energy conversion efficiency was calculated as FF × ( J sc × V oc ) / P in and P in = 10 [mW / .
(mA / cm 2 )
(V)
(%)
As can be seen from Table 1, the short-circuit current density of the double-side solar cell of Example 1 is similar to the sum of the current density of each solar cell unit, and the optical open-circuit voltage is similar to that of each solar cell unit. Therefore, it can be seen that the double-sided solar cell according to the embodiment exhibits high efficiency per unit area as compared with the case where only each solar cell unit is formed.
101: first solar cell unit
201: second solar cell unit
301: bonding layer
401: first electrode
501: second electrode
601: First perovskite photoactive layer
701: electron transport layer
801: hole transport layer
411: Third electrode
511: fourth electrode
611: Second perovskite photoactive layer
Claims (18)
The first solar cell unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, and a first perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Wherein the second solar cell unit includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode facing the third electrode, and a second perovskite photoactive layer disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode,
And the bonding layer is provided between the second electrode and the fourth electrode.
Wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are transparent electrodes.
Wherein at least one of the second electrode and the fourth electrode is a metal electrode having a thickness of 50 nm or more.
Wherein the metal electrode comprises a metal; Metal nanoparticles; Core-shell particles comprising metal; And a metal mesh. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > A < / RTI >
Wherein the first and second perovskite photoactive layers each independently comprise a perovskite structure compound represented by the following structural formula 1:
[Structural formula 1]
ABX 3
A represents a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen ion, a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted carbon ion, an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion,
B comprises a cation of a transition metal,
And X comprises an anion of an element selected from the group consisting of Group 16 and Group 17.
Wherein A in the structural formula 1 is a cation represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-1:
[Formula 2-1]
[A ' pa '' (1-p) ] +
A 'and A "are each independently Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Be 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , or Ba 2+ ;
Wherein A in the structural formula 1 is a cation represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-2:
[Formula 2-2]
In Formula 2-2,
R 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms,
R 12 to R 14 each independently represent hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
Wherein A in the structural formula 1 is a cation represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-3:
[Formula 2-3]
In Formula 2-3,
R15 to R17 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, ''ego,
Each of R 'and R''independently represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
B in the structural formula 1 includes cations derived from at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, Cd, Co, Mn, Cr, Ge, Yb, Cu, Ni, Ti, Nb, Lt; / RTI > solar cell.
Wherein X in the structural formula 1 is an anion represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-1:
[Formula 3-1]
[X ' (3-wz) X'' w X'' z ] 3-
X ', X "and X'" are each independently an anion of an element selected from the group consisting of Group 16 and Group 17, 0? W? 3, and 0? Z?
Wherein the first and second perovskite photoactive layers each comprise a perovskite structure compound that absorbs light having a wavelength of 250 nm to 1,200 nm.
Wherein the first solar cell unit further comprises a transparent substrate,
Wherein the transparent substrate is provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the second electrode facing the first perovskite photoactive layer.
Wherein the second solar cell unit further comprises a transparent substrate,
Wherein the transparent substrate is provided on the opposite surface of the fourth electrode facing the second perovskite photoactive layer.
Wherein the bonding layer comprises an air layer; Glass; Transparent or opaque adhesives; And a transparent or opaque insulator.
Wherein at least one of two surfaces of the bonding layer opposite to the solar cell unit has a bonding area to the solar cell unit of 10% or more and 80% or less.
The shape of the bonding surface of the bonding layer includes a shape including only the edge region of the bonding layer; Or in the form of a mesh.
Wherein the bonding layer has a thickness of 50 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
Wherein the double-sided solar cell is a flexible solar cell.
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| KR20180048477A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-05-10 | 양중열 | Scenery lighting system by using dye-sensitized solar cell |
| KR20180084651A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-07-25 | 재단법인 멀티스케일 에너지시스템 연구단 | Perovskite solar cell having improved stability |
| CN108963032A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-07 | 暨南大学 | The two-sided inorganic perovskite solar battery and its preparation method and application adulterated based on alkali metal ion and alkaline-earth metal ions |
| CN111106194A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-05-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Double-sided solar cell and photovoltaic module |
| WO2020141252A1 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-09 | Aalto University Foundation Sr | A double sided solar cell assembly |
| KR20220014109A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-04 | 한국전자기술연구원 | Double-sided organic solar cell and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR102382249B1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-04-04 | 주식회사 유니테스트 | Perovskite tandem solar modules and manufacturing method thereof |
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| KR20180084651A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-07-25 | 재단법인 멀티스케일 에너지시스템 연구단 | Perovskite solar cell having improved stability |
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| CN108963032A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-07 | 暨南大学 | The two-sided inorganic perovskite solar battery and its preparation method and application adulterated based on alkali metal ion and alkaline-earth metal ions |
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| WO2020141252A1 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-09 | Aalto University Foundation Sr | A double sided solar cell assembly |
| US11799041B2 (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2023-10-24 | Aalto University Foundation Sr | Double sided solar cell assembly |
| KR20220014109A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-04 | 한국전자기술연구원 | Double-sided organic solar cell and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR102382249B1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-04-04 | 주식회사 유니테스트 | Perovskite tandem solar modules and manufacturing method thereof |
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