KR20160038089A - Hydrogen getting apparatus for nuclear power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydrogen trapping apparatus for a nuclear power plant. More specifically, the hydrogen trapping apparatus comprises: a hydrogen trapping unit; and an uninterrupted oxygen supply means for generating oxygen to remove hydrogen gas in the hydrogen trapping unit. In other words, by generating and supplying oxygen by the uninterrupted oxygen supply means even when oxygen inside a reactor building is present or oxygen inside the reactor building is short regardless of nuclear accident occurring, oxygen shortage inside the reactor building is prevented, thereby preventing an accident due to hydrogen explosion of a nuclear facility since hydrogen can be continuously removed.

Description

{HYDROGEN GETTING APPARATUS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT}

The present invention provides oxygen generated by non-power supply means for supplying oxygen even when oxygen is exhausted from inside of a reactor building irrespective of the presence of oxygen in the reactor building or the occurrence of a nuclear accident, To thereby prevent the accident caused by the hydrogen explosion of the nuclear power plant, and to provide a hydrogen collecting apparatus for a nuclear power plant.

As a device for removing a small amount of water in a containment vessel of a conventional nuclear power plant, a "hydrogen removal system" is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1996-297194 (hereinafter referred to as "Background Art").

The above background art discloses a hydrogen removing apparatus for removing hydrogen gas in a containment vessel including an upper dry well containing a reactor pressure vessel and a pressure control chamber in which a pressure suppressing pool water is stored, Wherein the blowing means and the catalytic hydrogen removing means connected to the staying furnace are provided in the containment vessel so that the blowing side of the blowing means is connected to the catalytic hydrogen removing means or the blowing side of the blowing means is the catalytic hydrogen removing Is arranged in the vicinity of the means.

However, the background art is installed to remove hydrogen generated from a coolant loss accident or a serious industrial accident,

In this case, the hydrogen removal is only possible within the range of available oxygen (within about 50 hours), and it plays a role of hydrogen control due to depletion of oxygen during the concrete reaction (MCCI, Molten Core Concrete Interaction) There is a problem that can not be done.

In addition, since the hydrogen discharge through the Containment Filtered Venting System (CFVS) is also released simultaneously with the water vapor, there is a limit to lowering the concentration itself.

In addition, if the reactor building is sound, the risk of hydrogen explosion is reduced due to internal depletion of oxygen. However, if air is introduced into a defective part of the reactor building due to a slight defect, contact between air and hydrogen accumulated in the containment vessel The risk of hydrogen explosion increases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a technology capable of collecting hydrogen even when oxygen is depleted.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1996-297194 (November 12, 1996)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a nuclear reactor which can prevent the occurrence of oxygen in a nuclear reactor building, It is an object of the present invention to prevent oxygen from being depleted in a nuclear reactor building by generating oxygen and thereby to continuously remove hydrogen, thereby preventing an accident caused by a hydrogen explosion of a nuclear power plant.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the oxygen supply means is composed of potassium oxide which reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to generate oxygen, so that oxygen can be supplied without power supply, The purpose of this is to prevent the

According to the present invention, the oxygen supplying means is formed of a honeycomb-shaped flat plate-like layered structure, and a plurality of layered structures are provided to separate air from the lower portion of the hydrogen collecting portion to form an air inlet, thereby securing structural stability for removing hydrogen It is another purpose.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a space for spacing the layered structure from the bottom of the housing for the reaction of potassium oxide with carbon dioxide in the layered structure to ensure smooth inflow of air containing carbon dioxide .

Further, according to the present invention, an oxygen sensor is provided in the oxygen supply means, and an opening / closing door is formed in the housing, so that when the oxygen is depleted, the opening / closing door opens according to an oxygen exhaustion signal by the oxygen sensor, Another object is to prolong the service life of the supply means for a long time.

The hydrogen collecting apparatus for a nuclear power plant according to the present invention comprises a hydrogen-containing container having a platinum catalyst or a nickel catalyst; And non-power-supplying oxygen supplying means for generating oxygen for removing hydrogen from the small-cellophane collector.

The oxygen supplying means according to the present invention is characterized by being made of a flat plate-like layered structure composed of potassium oxide (KO2).

The layered structure of the oxygen supplying means according to the present invention is characterized by being formed in a honeycomb shape.

The hydrogen collecting apparatus for a nuclear power plant according to the present invention generates oxygen by means of a non-powered oxygen supplying means even when oxygen is present in a reactor building or oxygen vacancies are exhausted inside a nuclear reactor building regardless of occurrence of a nuclear accident Thereby preventing depletion of oxygen in the inside of the nuclear reactor building, thereby enabling hydrogen to be continuously removed, thereby preventing the accident caused by the hydrogen explosion of the nuclear power plant, thereby improving the safety of the nuclear reactor.

Also, the present invention is characterized in that the oxygen supplying means is composed of potassium oxide which reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to generate oxygen, so that oxygen can be supplied without power supply, so that even when the supply of electricity is cut off during an atomic accident, It is possible to ensure the constantity of the hydrogen removing performance through continuous oxygen supply.

In the present invention, the oxygen supplying means is formed of a honeycomb-shaped flat plate-like layered structure, and a plurality of the layered structures are provided so as to be separated from the lower portion of the hydrogen collecting portion to form an air inflow portion, thereby securing structural stability for removing hydrogen .

Also, in the layered structure, a space is formed in which the layered structure is spaced apart from the bottom of the housing for reaction between potassium oxide and carbon dioxide, thereby ensuring smooth inflow of air containing carbon dioxide.

Further, according to the present invention, an oxygen sensor is provided in the oxygen supply means, and an opening / closing door is formed in the housing, so that when the oxygen is depleted, the opening / closing door opens according to an oxygen exhaustion signal by the oxygen sensor, The service life of the supplying means can be prolonged for a long time, thereby improving the economical efficiency.

1 is a schematic view showing a hydrogen collecting apparatus for a nuclear power plant according to the present invention,
2 is a perspective view showing a hydrogen collecting apparatus according to the present invention,
3 is a perspective view showing an oxygen supply means according to the present invention,
4 and 5 are conceptual views showing the opening and closing door of the oxygen supply means according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, the hydrogen purging apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Generally, in a nuclear power plant, if the reactor primary piping is damaged, the coolant for cooling the reactor is discharged in the form of vapor to the dry well portion in the reactor containment vessel from the broken portion of the pipe, so that the coolant in the reactor (pressure vessel) .

In this case, when the pressure and temperature in the dry well are rapidly increased due to the coolant discharged in the form of vapor in the drywell portion, and the coolant reduction state is long-term, in the reactor of the light water reactor type nuclear power plant, And oxygen gas.

Further, hydrogen gas is generated by causing a reaction between zirconium in the fuel cladding tube, and these gases are released from the rupture portion of the pipe into the containment vessel.

When the hydrogen gas concentration is 4 vol% and the oxygen gas concentration exceeds 5 vol%, the gas becomes flammable and the risk of explosion is generated if it is left as it is.

Therefore, in the light-water reactor type nuclear power plant, a gas containing hydrogen gas is discharged from the containment vessel out of the containment vessel by a blowing means, for example, a blower, heated to an electric heater to recombine hydrogen and oxygen into water, And a hydrogen removing system using a heating plant combiner which is cooled by a cooler and then returned to a containment vessel is used.

Also, in a nuclear power plant having a large containment vessel, a forced ignition system called an igniter is employed, or a system of injecting nitrogen as an inert gas into the containment vessel to dilute the containment vessel atmosphere (CAD).

Conventionally, a forced driving force such as a blower or heater or electricity is used, but a catalytic re-coupling device has recently been developed as a static device that does not use a driving power source or electricity.

The apparatus is manufactured in various forms such as a pellet or the like with a catalytic type hydrogen reaction material in a box, and the cartridges are stacked in a box to recombine hydrogen and oxygen through the flow path between cartridges to remove hydrogen.

That is, although the conventional hydrogen removing apparatus as described above is installed to remove hydrogen from a coolant loss accident or a serious industrial accident,

In this case, the hydrogen removal is only possible within the range of available oxygen (within about 50 hours), and it plays a role of hydrogen control due to depletion of oxygen during the concrete reaction (MCCI, Molten Core Concrete Interaction) In addition, hydrogen emissions through the Containment Filtered Venting System (CFVS) are also released simultaneously with water vapor, so there is a limit to lowering the concentration itself.

In addition, if the reactor building is sound, the risk of hydrogen explosion is reduced due to internal depletion of oxygen. However, there is a danger that the explosion of hydrogen may be caused by the air inflow at the moment when even a slight defect occurs in the reactor building. It is necessary to develop a technology capable of collecting hydrogen even when oxygen is depleted.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a hydrogen collecting apparatus for nuclear power generation according to the present invention includes:

And an oxygen supply means (30) for generating oxygen for removing hydrogen from the water vapor generator (20).

1 and 2, the hydrogen collecting apparatus according to the present invention includes:

A housing 10 disposed inside a reactor building 1 provided with a reactor 3 and a water bottle holder 20 embedded in the housing 10 and a water bottle holder 20 for discharging the hydrogen-depleted air.

An oxygen supply means (30) is disposed under the housing (10) to discharge generated oxygen.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water bottle cap 20 according to the present invention includes a plurality of collector bodies 21 in the form of a plate, and is arranged vertically in a layered structure inside the housing 10, The collecting body 21 is composed of a mesh or a net.

In addition, an insertion portion (not shown) is formed on one side of the housing 10 so that the water bottle holder 20 can be inserted therein, and the water bottle holder 20 is mounted on the inner side of the housing 10, (Not shown) is formed.

Therefore, when the water bottle cap unit 20 is inserted through the insertion unit, both side edges of the water bottle cap unit 20 are slid on the mounting part, the water bottle cap unit 20 is drawn into the housing 10, .

In this case, the water collection container 20 may be formed as a drawer. At this time, the lower surface of the drawer collector is composed of a panel in the form of a porous plate.

The platinum catalyst 23 or the nickel catalyst 23 is coated on the mesh or mesh of the collector 21 to facilitate the bonding of hydrogen and oxygen,

Or a platinum catalyst or a nickel catalyst may be formed in a granular structure such as pellets and disposed on the top of the porous plate panel of the drawer type collector. In this case, the catalyst in the form of pellet is larger than the particle size of the porous plate panel of the drawer type collector The catalyst can be prevented from being released when it is fabricated.

2 and 3, the oxygen supplying means 30 according to the present invention comprises a flat plate-shaped layered structure 31, and the layered structure 31 is formed of a mesh or honeycomb honeycomb and a plate-shaped member 31a having a shape of -comb.

The mesh or mesh of the plate-like member 31a may be coated with potassium superoxide (KO2) 33, or may be disposed in the form of pellets and accommodated in the upper part of the layered structure 31. [

3 (b), in the case where the layered structure 31 is composed of a plurality of the plate members 31a, the plate members 31a are arranged radially in a fan shape, ) As shown in the drawing.

Particularly, potassium oxide (33) reacts with carbon dioxide by the following formula to generate oxygen.

That is, '4KO ₂ + 2CO ₂ -> 2K ₂ CO ₃ + 3O ₂ ', potassium carbonate (K ₂ CO ₃ ) generated from the chemical reaction formula is chemically very stable.

Therefore, the oxygen supply means 30 can generate and supply oxygen through the chemical reaction between the carbon dioxide and the potassium oxide 33 in the air, so that it is possible to generate and supply oxygen without power supply.

Since the supply of electricity to the reactor building 1 is interrupted in the event of a nuclear accident, oxygen can not be supplied and supplied to the oxygen supplying means 30 requiring the supply of electric power. If oxygen is exhausted, it is difficult to remove hydrogen because it can not supply oxygen, and eventually there is a risk of hydrogen explosion.

That is, according to the present invention, oxygen can be generated and supplied in the event of a nuclear accident through the non-powered oxygen supply means 30, so that the risk of hydrogen explosion can be prevented.

2, 4 and 5, the oxygen supply means 30 may be arranged such that the layered structure 31 is disposed in the enclosure 35. In this case, the layered structure 31 is formed in a radial shape The lower end and the side surface of the enclosure 35 are opened or the lower end of the enclosure 35 and the side panel 35a are formed in the shape of a perforated plate to form the layered structure 31, And oxygen generated by the reaction of carbon dioxide and potassium oxide 33 in the air is discharged to the side portion of the layered structure 31 and oxygen is discharged toward the air inlet portion 50.

The layered structure 31 may be accommodated in a structure in which a plurality of sheet members 31a are stacked in the housing 35. [

No matter how the layered structure 31 is arranged, a large number of enclosures 35 are mounted so as to be spaced from each other on both sides of the bottom or the front and rear surfaces of the housing 10, and the air inlet 50 is formed in the spaced spaces.

In the drawings, the housing 35 is mounted on both sides or front and rear surfaces of the housing 10, but it may be mounted on each side of the housing 10 if necessary.

When the layered structure 31 is vertically stacked in the enclosure 35, each enclosure 35 is composed of a box-shaped frame and a plurality of panels 35a mounted on the frame.

It is preferable that at least the panel 35a on the side of the air inflow portion 50 and the bottom or side panel 35a among the panels 35a are provided with a panel 35a in the form of a perforated plate, Air is introduced into the enclosure 35 through the lower or side panel 35a and the generated oxygen must be discharged toward the air inflow part 50 side.

In this case, the upper panel 35a of each enclosure 35 may be formed of a perforated plate. However, in order to prevent the generated oxygen from being discharged in a direction other than the air inflow part 50, that is, Panel 35a.

Each of the enclosures 35 is formed with a space 60 so that the enclosures 35 are separated from the bottom of the housing 10 by a predetermined height so that air can be introduced into the enclosures 35, So that the air can flow smoothly.

1, the oxygen supplying means 30 according to the present invention further includes an oxygen detecting sensor 40, and the respective enclosures 35 are opened and closed in response to a detection signal from the oxygen detecting sensor 40 An opening / closing door 37 may be provided.

This is because, when oxygen is depleted inside the reactor building 1 even in the event of a nuclear accident or a nuclear accident, the oxygen detecting sensor 40 detects an oxygen depletion signal and opens the opening / closing door 37, And oxygen is released only to the outside.

That is, the potassium oxide 33 of the oxygen supplying means 30 is exhausted by generating oxygen through reaction with the diatomaceous carbon, so that the opening / closing door 37 is opened only when oxygen is exhausted regardless of the accident of the nuclear reactor , When the oxygen is present in the reactor building 1, the opening / closing door 37 is closed to prevent the potassium oxide 33 from being exhausted.

Whereby the service life of the oxygen supply means 30 can be prolonged for a long time.

At this time, the opening / closing door 37 can be manufactured in various forms, and it can be operated by a general motor or an actuator, and it is also possible to operate by non-operation in consideration of the power supply being cut off in the event of a nuclear accident Do.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the opening / closing door 37 is operated in a non-powered manner, since the opening / closing door 37 is disposed in the vertical direction on the side of the panel 35a on the side of the air inlet 50, The wire or the rope 39 is connected to the upper end of the door 39 and the closed state is maintained. When the oxygen is exhausted, the worker disconnects or loosens the wire 39 or the rope 39 at the remote site, So that it can be lowered and opened.

Further, it is also possible that the worker pulls the wire or the rope 39 at a remote place to open and close the opening / closing door 37 to open.

In this case, a stopper 38 for supporting the opening / closing door 37 at the lower ends of both frames adjacent to the panel 35a on the side of the air inflow portion 50 is provided to maintain the stopped state in the closed state of the opening / closing door 37 In this case, it is preferable that the opening / closing door 37 is raised or lowered or the stopper 38 is rotated downward so that the opening / closing door 37 can be lowered by its own weight.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the side panel 35a of each enclosure 35 and the lower panel 35a may be provided with an opening / closing door 37, The opening / closing door 37 is closed to block the inflow of air into the enclosure 35. When the oxygen is exhausted, the opening / closing door 37 is opened and air To be introduced.

In this case, since the opening / closing door 37 is vertically arranged in the side panel 35a of each housing 35, it can be opened by its own weight like the open / close door 37 on the public inlet side, In this case, the opening / closing door 37 can be opened in the same manner as the panel 35a on the side of the air inlet 50.

5, the opening / closing door 37 disposed in the lower panel 35a of each housing 35 is arranged in the horizontal direction. Therefore, when the wire and the rope 39 are used, It is possible to pull the wire or the rope 39 in the opening / closing door 37 so that the opening / closing door 37 can be opened laterally through the sliding operation.

In addition, when the layered structure 31 is arranged in a radial fan shape, the air inlet portion 50 side panel 35a, that is, the side panel 35a or the lower panel 35a, ) Can be introduced.

In this case, in the case of the opening / closing door 37 disposed on the side panel 35a, the opening / closing door 37 disposed on the lower panel 35a has its own weight or an open structure based on the elevating operation And is slid in the lateral direction.

On the other hand, the number of the water bottle collector and the number of the oxygen supply means can be increased or decreased according to necessity, that is, the design capacity, the design standard, and the flow characteristics of the hydrogen gas.

In addition, the oxygen supplying means according to the present invention can be applied not only to nuclear power plants, but also to facilities for nuclear waste and facilities with a risk of hydrogen explosion due to the generation of hydrogen gas.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein, but is capable of numerous modifications and alterations, The present invention is not limited thereto.

1: Reactor building 3: Reactor
10: housing 11:
20: water bottle collector 21: collector
23: catalyst 30: oxygen supply means
31: Layered structure 31a: Plate member
33: Potassium oxide 35: Enclosure
35a: panel 37: opening / closing door
38: Stopper 39: Wire or rope
40: oxygen sensor 50: air inlet
60: space portion

Claims (7)

A water bottle holder 20 provided with a platinum catalyst 23 or a nickel catalyst 23; And
A non-powered oxygen supply means (30) for generating oxygen for removing hydrogen from the small vesicle collector;
A small collection device for nuclear power plants.
The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the oxygen supply means (30) comprises a flat plate-like layered structure provided with potassium oxide (33) (KO2).
3. The method of claim 2,
The layered structure 31 of the oxygen supply means 30 is coated with the potassium oxide 33 on a plurality of honeycomb-shaped plate-like members 31a,
Characterized in that the plate-like members (31a) are arranged in a radial fan shape.
3. The method of claim 2,
The plurality of layered structures 31 of the oxygen supply means 30 are disposed at the lower portion of the small cellophane holder and each of the layered structures 31 forms an air inflow portion 50 in a space separated from each other A small collection system for nuclear power plants.
5. The method of claim 4,
A housing 10 to which the water bottle holder 20 or the layered structure 31 or both are mounted is provided,
And a space (60) spaced apart from each other is further provided on the bottom surface portion of the laminated structure and the housing (10).
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the oxygen sensor (40) is further provided in the reactor building (1) so that oxygen is released only when the oxygen supplying means (30) is depleted of oxygen.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the oxygen supply means (30)
The housing 35,
Wherein the housing (35) further comprises an opening / closing door (37) for opening and closing according to a sensing signal of the oxygen sensing sensor (40).

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