KR20160025325A - Method for Variable Charge Motion Operation Maintenance, Variable Charge Motion System thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A variable charge motion (VCM) maintaining method of the present invention is capable of checking a VCM motor voltage value of a VCM motor when the VCM motor is controlled by a controller when an engine starts; storing a VCM motor condition determining voltage value after determining a malfunction of the VCM due to foreign material stuck in the VCM motor by setting a part of a range of the VCM motor voltage value as a VCM motor condition determining voltage value; and maintaining the minimum air intake to the engine even though the engine is affected by the foreign materials stuck in the motor or the lamination of carbon contained in fuel on the VCM motor under an operation angle recognizing condition of an indirect VCM valve (4) by a VCM motor sensor (1-1) by executing a VCM normal mode that a control for turning on or off the VCM motor does not limit revolutions per minute of the engine when it is determined that no foreign materials are stuck in the VCM motor and a VCM limphome mode that the control of turning on or off the VCM motor limits the revolutions per minute of the engine when it is determined that the foreign materials are stuck in the VCM motor. Accordingly, engine knocking, an engine stop, damage to the engine, and the like are prevented.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for maintaining a variable charge motion operation and a variable charge motion system,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a variable charge motion system, and more particularly, to a variable charge motion system capable of maintaining a minimum amount of engine intake even when a VCM valve (VCM valve) And the like, and a variable charge motion system.

Recently, enhanced environmental regulations require more enhanced performance improvement for various fuel efficiency improvement devices and methods applied to vehicles.

This condition can be realized by further improving the combustion characteristics of the engine. By implementing this technology, a tumble is generated in the intake air, and thereby a variable charge (variable charge) Motion, hereinafter referred to as VCM).

The VCM includes a VCM valve provided in an intake air path of a variable charge motion motor (VCM), an intake manifold (Intake Manifold), a linkage link linking a VCM motor and a VCM valve , And an ECU (Engine Control Unit or Electronic Control Unit) for controlling the VCM motor. Hereinafter, the VCM is referred to as a link type VCM.

 When the link type VCM is operated, the VCM motor is controlled on / off by an ECU that senses a change in the engine intake amount (engine mapping parameter) in advance, and the VCM valve controls the on / Off operation, and the intake air flow passes through the in-manifold while being converted into a tumble flow due to the movement of the VCM valve.

Therefore, the operation of the link type VCM generates a tumble flow of the intake air so that the mixing of the air and the fuel in the cylinder is improved, thereby improving the combustion characteristic.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2009-0063912 (June 18, 2009)

However, the link type VCM has a possibility of malfunction due to the inflow or sticking of foreign substances by locating the link with the VCM motor on the outside of the in-manifold, And it becomes a cause of making it difficult to control the engine intake air quantity of the ECU which should be made in accordance with the conditions.

Particularly, in the VCM motor of the link type VCM, since the carbon deposition of the foreign substance or the fuel is deepened by the endurance progress and the VCM valve angle recognition of the ECU is performed in an indirect manner using the operating angle of the VCM motor, The operating angle of the VCM valve can not represent the actual angle of the VCM valve, which makes it difficult to control the engine intake air quantity of the ECU, and in severe cases, it may develop due to engine knocking, start-off or engine failure.

These disadvantages can be solved by mounting a separate position sensor on the VCM valve and by the ECU recognizing the operating angle of the VCM valve directly by the position sensor of the VCM valve, it is not only difficult to set the mounting position in the layout, but also the effect of the VCM application due to the cost increase can be reduced.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method of detecting an operation angle of a VCM valve indirectly by means of a VCM motor sensor, the method comprising: engine knocking, A variable charge motion controller, and a variable charge motion system, in which a start-up shutdown, an engine failure, and the like are prevented.

In order to accomplish the above object, there is provided a variable charge motion holding method of a variable charge motor according to the present invention, comprising: (A) when a VCM motor is controlled by a controller at an engine start time, Control start mode; (B) setting a part of the range of the VCM motor voltage detection value as a VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value, judging an operation abnormality of the VCM motor by foreign matter inclusion as the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value, A VCM condition judgment mode for storing a VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value; (C) a VCM NORMAL mode in which the ON / OFF control (ON, OFF) control of the VCM motor does not limit the number of revolutions of the engine at the time of diagnosis of a foreign object by the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value is executed, A VCM control execution mode in which a VCM LIMPHOME mode in which the ON / OFF control (ON, OFF) of the VCM motor is limited to the engine speed is performed in diagnosis of a foreign substance by the judgment voltage detection value; .

In the VCM control start mode, the VCM motor voltage detection value is obtained by a VCM motor sensor incorporated in the VCM motor.

In the VCM condition determination mode, the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value is an operating range voltage range excluding a voltage detection value when the VCM motor is OFF and a maximum voltage detection value when the VCM motor is ON. The operating range voltage range is divided into the first, second, and third stages, the magnitude of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value of the second stage is greater than the magnitude of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value of the first stage, The magnitude of the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value of the second step is set to be larger than the magnitude of the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value of the second step. In the VCM condition determination mode, the stored value of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value is applied to the VCM motor voltage detection value of the VCM motor at the time of starting the engine or controlling the VCM motor.

When the VCM NORMAL mode is executed in the VCM control execution mode, on / off (ON, OFF) of the VCM motor is controlled on the basis of the engine revolution number 4000 rpm. The VCM motor is turned on at an engine speed of 4000 rpm or more to open the intake passage of the intake manifold and the VCM motor is turned off at an engine speed of 4000 rpm or less. Closing the intake passage (CLOSE) and the intake air passing through the intake passage forms a tumble. The ON control of the VCM motor varies the opening degree of the intake passage in accordance with the operating conditions of the engine.

When the VCM LIMPHOME mode is executed in the VCM control execution mode, on / off (ON, OFF) of the VCM motor is controlled on the basis of the engine speed 2000 rpm. The VCM motor is turned on at an engine speed of 2000 rpm or less to open the intake passage of the intake manifold and the VCM motor is turned off at an engine speed of 2000 rpm or more, Closing the intake passage (CLOSE) and the intake air passing through the intake passage forms a tumble. When the VCM motor is turned on, the opening of the intake passage is such that the intake air flow rate set as the modeling value at the default position can be supplied to the engine.

In order to achieve the above object, the variable charge motion system of the present invention includes a VCM motor having a VCM motor sensor, a link link operated by the rotational force of the VCM motor, a valve arm connected to the link, And a controller for controlling the VCM motor to be turned on and off, wherein the controller includes a voltage detection value of the VCM motor detected by the VCM motor sensor, A VCM motor condition judging unit for judging an operation failure of the VCM valve by the VCM motor and storing the voltage detection value in a memory; The VCM NORMAL mode in which the ON / OFF control of the VCM motor does not limit the engine speed when the foreign matter is not diagnosed and the on / off (ON, OFF) control of the VCM motor at the time of foreign matter diagnosis, A VCM mode processing unit for classifying the VCM mode into a VCM LIMPHOME mode; And an interface for transmitting a voltage detection value of the VCM motor sensor to the VCM motor condition determination unit and transmitting a VCM motor ON / OFF signal of the VCM mode processing unit to the VCM motor .

In the variable charge motion (VCM) system according to the present invention, the engine is maintained at a minimum engine intake amount even if the engine is put under the influence of foreign matter or carbon stacking of the fuel. Thus, engine knocking, It is possible to prevent the engine from being damaged or the like.

Further, according to the present invention, since the VCM valve operating angle recognition for the engine intake air amount control is maintained indirectly by the VCM motor sensor, the mounting position setting by the narrow engine layout when applying the direct method by the VCM valve position sensor There is no problem such as difficulty and cost reduction due to VCM application effect, and performance improvement of VCM (Variable Charge Motion) system can be achieved without any hardware addition or mechanical design change.

In addition, the present invention can provide a fuel injection control apparatus and a fuel injection control method for a fuel injection control apparatus, a fuel injection control apparatus, a fuel injection control apparatus, a fuel injection control apparatus, It is possible to have an expandability that can be easily applied to an EGR system using a flap valve such as a VCM valve without design change, by preventing the flap valve from sticking and foreign substances being caught.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a VCM operation holding method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an example of an operating angle of a VCM valve (VCM valve) FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a state in which the VCM is in a normal mode when there is no foreign matter in the method of holding the VCM according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a state in which the foreign matter is trapped in the VCM operation holding method according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a configuration of a variable charge motion controller for implementing the VCM operation holding method according to the present invention and a variable charge motion system using the same.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

1 is a flowchart of a VCM operation holding method according to the present embodiment. The execution of the VCM operation maintenance method may be performed by a VCM dedicated controller or an engine control unit (Engine Control Unit or Electronic Control Unit).

As shown in the figure, when the VCM motor control of S10 is started between the engine start of S1 and the engine stop of S1, the VCM operation holding method is performed after the foreign matter is diagnosed by judging the VCM motor condition of S20, The VCM LIMPHOME mode, which is executed when the VCM NORMAL mode, which is executed when the foreign substance in S30 is not diagnosed, or when the foreign substance is diagnosed in S40, is entered.

Specifically, the determination of the VCM motor condition in S20 consists of the output voltage of the VCM motor sensor (hereinafter referred to as the VCM sensor voltage). For this, the opening angle of the VCM valve is divided into at least five steps by applying 1.87V <VCM sensor voltage <3.03V. In particular, 1.87V <VCM sensor voltage <3.03V is the voltage detection value excluding the voltage detection value when the VCM motor is off (OFF) and the maximum voltage detection value when ON (ON) Is defined.

A Variable Charge Motion System (hereinafter referred to as a VCM system) to which the VCM motor condition judgment is applied is illustrated in FIG. As shown in the figure, the VCM system includes a VCM motor 1, a VCM motor sensor 1 - 1 incorporated in the VCM motor 1, a link link A valve arm 5B connected to the link 3 and a flap 5A for changing the intake passage area of the intake manifold 20 And a VCM valve (VCM Valve) The controller 10 for controlling the VCM motor 1 is a VCM dedicated controller or an engine control unit (Engine Control Unit or Electronic Control Unit).

Particularly, the flap 5A of the VCM valve 5 has a maximum opening angle of 117 deg., Which is divided into 5-stage opening angle positions P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4 and P- It is classified. For example, P-1 is a CLOSE state in which the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 is kept at a minimum when the VCM valve 5 is OFF, 1-1) has a VCM sensor voltage of 0.50V and 0.2V. P-2 is an open state (a) in which the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 when the VCM valve 5 is turned on is opened 39.15 degrees with respect to P-1. In this case, The VCM sensor voltage of the motor sensor 1-1 is 1.87V? 0.2V. P-3 is an open state in which the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 when the VCM valve 5 is turned on is opened to 72.20 degrees (33.05 degrees from P-2) (b). In this case, the VCM sensor voltage of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 is 3.03 V? 0.2 V. P-4 is an open state in which the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 when the VCM valve 5 is turned on is opened to 74.40 degrees (35.25 degrees relative to P-2) (c). In this case, the VCM sensor voltage of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 is 3.10 V? 0.2 V. P-5 indicates that the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 when the VCM valve 5 is ON is 117 degrees (44.8 degrees relative to P-3, 42.6 degrees relative to P-4) ) Is the maximum open state (d) in which the VCM sensor voltage of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 is 4.60V? 0.2V.

Therefore, the open angle of the flap 5A used in the determination of the VCM motor condition in S20 is applied from P-2 to P_3, and the VCM sensor voltage is applied from 1.87V to 3.03V. For example, when the controller 10 monitors the voltage of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 and satisfies the condition of 1.87V <VCM sensor voltage <3.03V, the VCM enters the VCM NORMAL mode of S30, while 1.87V <VCM sensor If the condition of voltage <3.03V is not satisfied, the VCM LIMPHOME mode of S40 is entered.

Particularly, when the VCM motor condition is determined in S20, the result of applying the VCM valve 5 to the ON / OFF state of the VCM valve 5 under the VCM sensor voltage condition of 1.87V to 3.03V, And stored in the detected voltage value. Thereafter, it is referred to the judgment of the VCM motor condition at the time of starting the engine or operating the VCM system. The memory is obsoleted by the controller 10.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the VCM NORMAL mode, which is executed when the foreign substance is not diagnosed in S30, is set to ON or OFF (OFF) of the VCM motor 1 at 4000 rpm The VCM motor 1 is controlled in accordance with the operating conditions of the engine of ON / OFF (OFF) during normal driving as in S32.

This VCM NORMAL mode is illustrated in FIG. The controller 10 turns off the VCM motor 1 and turns off the VCM motor 1 to turn off the VCM valve 1 via the link 3 as shown in FIG. The flap 5A of the intake manifold 5 switches the intake passage 20-1 of the in-manifold 20 to the CLOSE state. Then, the intake passage 20-1 is kept at the minimum area due to the P_1 position of the flap 5A, so that the intake air passing through the intake passage 20-1 is supplied to the engine while forming a tumble. On the other hand, when the engine speed is 4000 rpm or more, the controller 10 turns on the VCM motor 1, and the VCM motor 1 is turned on to connect the VCM valve 5 via the link 3, The flap 5A of the manifold 20 turns the intake passage 20-1 of the in-manifold 20 into the open state. Then, the flap 5A is changed from the position P_2 to the position P_5, thereby increasing the intake air flow rate passing through the intake passage 20-1. At this time, the change of the position of P_5 from P_2 is changed according to the operating condition of the engine in the normal running state.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the VCM LIMPHOME mode, which is executed when the foreign substance is diagnosed in S40, is changed to a default position of the VCM valve 5 by entering the VCM LIMPHOME mode in S41, The amount of air is controlled by the modeling value at the default position so that the number of revolutions of the engine is limited to 2000 rpm or less. Particularly, the OFF state of the VCM valve 5 (CLOSE of the flap 5A) is when the VCM sensor voltage is greater than 2.0V and less than 3.03V, while when the VCM valve 5 is ON The OPEN of flap 5A is distinguished when the VCM sensor voltage is greater than 1.87V and less than 2.7V.

 This VCM LIMPHOME mode is illustrated in FIG. As shown, the controller 10 turns off the VCM motor 1 so that the flap 5A of the VCM valve 5 closes the intake passage 20-1 of the in-manifold 20 (CLOSE ) So that the intake air passing through the intake passage 20-1 is supplied to the engine while forming a tumble. As a result, the number of revolutions of the engine is limited to 2000 rpm or less. This is the case when the VCM sensor voltage is greater than 2.0V and less than 3.03V.

On the other hand, when the controller 10 turns on the VCM motor 1, the flap 5A of the VCM valve 5 is brought into the open state (OPEN) of the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 So that the intake air flow rate passing through the intake passage 20-1 is supplied to the engine in a state controlled by the modeling value at the default position. As a result, the number of revolutions of the engine is limited to 2000 rpm or less. This is the case when the VCM sensor voltage is greater than 1.87V and less than 2.7V. For example, the modeling value at the default position may be applied when the flap 5A of the VCM valve 5 is P_2, P_3, P_4, but a new value may be specified between P_1 and P_5.

Meanwhile, FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a variable charge motion controller for implementing the VCM operation holding method according to the present embodiment and a variable charge motion system using the same.

As shown in the figure, the VCM system includes a controller 10 for controlling the VCM motor 1, and the controller 10 is provided with a VCM motor condition judging unit 11 for judging the VCM motor condition, performing VCM NORMAL mode and VCM LIMPHOME mode, (10-1), a VCM mode processing unit (10-2), and an interface (10-3).

More specifically, the VCM motor condition determining unit 10-1 forms an electric circuit with the VCM motor 1 and the VCM motor sensor 1-1 built in the VCM motor 1, and the VCM motor sensor 1- 1) of the VCM valve 5 is judged. To this end, the VCM motor condition judging unit 10-1 judges whether the voltage detection value of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 is 0.50 V 0.2 V (P_1 in FIG. 2), 1.87 V 0.2 V (P_2 in FIG. 2 ), 3.03V and 0.2V (P_3 in FIG. 2), 3.10V and 0.2V (P_4 in FIG. 2), and 4.60V and 0.2V (P_5 in FIG. Particularly, the VCM motor condition judging section 10-1 judges whether the VCM motor sensor 1 - 1 applied to the VCM valve 5 is turned on or off under the VCM sensor voltage condition of 1.87 V to 3.03 V, 1) is stored in the memory. The memory storage value of the VCM motor condition determiner 10-1 is used for determining the VCM motor condition at the time of starting the engine or operating the VCM system. However, the memory may be included in the controller 10 as a separate memory.

The VCM mode processing unit 10-2 determines whether the VCM motor 1 is turned on or off to perform the VCM normal mode and the VCM LIMPHOME mode. The OFF state of the VCM motor 1 is the CLOSE of the VCM valve 5 and the ON state of the VCM motor 1 means that the VCM valve 5 is open. Therefore, the VCM mode processing unit 10-2 controls the angle of opening of the flap 5A of the VCM valve 5 by forming a tumble of intake air passing through the intake passage 20-1 of the manifold 20 5 position (VCM motor (not shown)) which opens the intake passage 20-1 of the in-manifold 20 at the maximum opening angle of 117 degrees at a possible P-1 position (OFF of the VCM motor 1) P-3 position (opening angle of P-2) of the P-1 position and the P-5 position is divided into P_2 position (opening 39.15 degrees with respect to the opening angle of P-1) And the P-4 position (35.25 degrees relative to the opening angle of P-2). The VCM mode processing unit 10-2 determines that the intake passage 20-1 of the in-manifold 20 is in the first stage 1 or P-2 (or P-3 or P-2) of the in-manifold 20 by performing the VCM NORMAL mode (S30, S31, -4) in the VCM LIMPHOME mode (S40, S41, and S42 in FIG. 1).

The interface 10-3 transmits the voltage detection value of the VCM motor sensor 1-1 to the VCM motor condition determination unit 10-1 and the VCM motor ON of the VCM mode processing unit 10-2, / OFF signal to the VCM motor 1.

Therefore, the controller 10 can be applied to a VCM dedicated controller having a VCM motor condition determination unit 10-1, a VCM mode processing unit 10-2, an interface 10-3, and a memory, A control unit or an electronic control unit (hereinafter, &quot; ECU &quot;).

In addition, the VCM system connects the VCM motor 1 and the valve arm 5B of the VCM valve 5 to each other via a linkage link 3, and the valve arm 5B is connected to the in- 20 is connected to the flap 5A provided in the intake passage 20-1.

Therefore, the VCM system is composed of a link type VCM and a VCM dedicated controller, or a link type VCM and an ECU. Particularly, the ECU is applied so that the cost burden is minimized and the engine room layout is not changed.

As described above, in the variable charge motion operation holding method according to the present embodiment, when the VCM motor control is performed by the controller at the time of starting the engine, the VCM motor voltage detection value of the VCM motor is checked and the VCM motor voltage detection value , The VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value is stored after judging the abnormal operation of the VCM motor due to the foreign matter stuck by setting the range of some of the range of the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value and the VCM motor ON / , The VCM NORMAL mode in which the control is not limited to the engine speed is executed while the VCM LIMPHOME mode in which the ON and OFF control of the VCM motor is limited to the engine speed in the case of foreign matter diagnosis is executed, Even when the sensor 1-1 is indirectly influenced by the presence of foreign substances or carbon deposition of the fuel in the operating angle recognition condition of the VCM valve 5, The King (Knocking), starting off, engine failure, etc. is prevented.

1: VCM motor (Variable Charge Motion Motor)
1-1: VCM Motor Sensor
3: Linkage Link 5: VCM Valve (VCM Valve)
5A: Flap 5B: Valve arm
10: Controller 10-1: VCM motor condition judging unit
10-2: VCM mode processing section
10-3: Interface
20: Intake Manifold
20-1: Intake passage

Claims (13)

(A) a VCM control start mode in which when the VCM motor is controlled by the controller at engine start, the VCM motor voltage detection value of the VCM motor is checked;
(B) setting a part of the range of the VCM motor voltage detection value as a VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value, judging an operation abnormality of the VCM motor by foreign matter inclusion as the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value, A VCM condition judgment mode for storing a VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value;
(C) a VCM NORMAL mode in which the ON / OFF control (ON, OFF) control of the VCM motor does not limit the number of revolutions of the engine at the time of diagnosis of a foreign object by the VCM motor condition judgment voltage detection value is executed, A VCM control execution mode in which a VCM LIMPHOME mode in which the ON / OFF control (ON, OFF) of the VCM motor is limited to the engine speed is performed in diagnosis of a foreign substance by the judgment voltage detection value;
Wherein the variable charge motion holding method comprises:
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the VCM control start mode, the VCM motor voltage detection value is obtained by a VCM motor sensor built in the VCM motor.
The method of claim 1, wherein, in the VCM condition determination mode, the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value is an operation region voltage range excluding the voltage detection value when the VCM motor is OFF and the maximum voltage detection value when the VCM motor is ON Wherein the variable charge motion operation holding method comprises:
The method according to claim 3, wherein the operation region voltage range is divided into first, second, and third steps, and the magnitude of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value in the second step is larger than the magnitude of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value in the first step And the magnitude of the VCM motor condition judging voltage detection value of the third stage is set larger than the magnitude of the VCM motor condition judging voltage detection value of the second stage.
The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the VCM condition determination mode, the stored value of the VCM motor condition determination voltage detection value is applied to the VCM motor voltage detection value of the VCM motor at engine start or VCM motor control The method comprising:
2. The variable charge-motion control system according to claim 1, wherein, when the VCM NORMAL mode is executed in the VCM control execution mode, on / off (ON, OFF) of the VCM motor is controlled on the basis of an engine rotation speed of 4000 rpm Way.
The intake manifold according to claim 6, wherein the VCM motor is turned on at an engine speed of 4000 rpm or more to open an intake passage of the intake manifold, and the VCM motor is turned off at an engine speed of 4000 rpm or less, Closing the intake passage of the fold so that the intake air passing through the intake passage forms a tumble.
[Claim 7] The method of claim 7, wherein the ON control of the VCM motor varies the opening degree of the intake passage in accordance with operating conditions of the engine.
The variable charge-motion control device according to claim 1, wherein, when the VCM LIMPHOME mode is executed in the VCM control execution mode, the VCM motor is controlled on and off (ON, OFF) Way.
The intake manifold according to claim 9, wherein the VCM motor is turned on at an engine speed of 2000 rpm or less to open the intake passage of the intake manifold, and the VCM motor is turned off at an engine speed of 2000 rpm or more, Closing the intake passage of the fold so that the intake air passing through the intake passage forms a tumble.
The variable charge motion operation holding method according to claim 10, wherein opening of the intake passage when the VCM motor is turned on is a degree capable of supplying an intake air flow rate set as a modeling value at a default position to the engine.
A VCM motor having a VCM motor in which a VCM motor sensor is incorporated, a link link operated by the rotational force of the VCM motor, and a VCM valve constituted by a valve arm connected to the linkage and a flap for changing an intake passage area of the intake manifold, );
A VCM motor condition determination unit, a VCM mode processing unit, and an interface for executing a VCM control start mode, a VCM condition judgment mode, and a VCM control execution mode according to any one of claims 1 to 11, , OFF);
Wherein the variable charge motion system comprises: 13. The variable charge motion system of claim 12, wherein the controller is an ECU (Engine Control Unit).

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