KR20150049007A - Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus using ventilation heat recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle to decrease electric power consumption for heating by reducing the wasted heat and solving an excessive heat loss problem when air ventilation and to contribute to the increase of mileage with one charging and the heating performance of a vehicle. To achieve the purpose, the air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle includes: a first heat exchanger exchanging heat between the refrigerant passing through the inside and the air discharged to the outside, and installed in a discharge path for discharging the air in the vehicle to the outside; a second heat exchanger exchanging heat between the refrigerant passing through the inside and the air discharged to the outside, and installed in an introduction path; a refrigerant duct line connecting the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to circulate the refrigerant; and a compressor and a first expansion valve located on the refrigerant duct line. While the air conditioning apparatus is operated in an outer air mode, the first heat exchanger works as an evaporator absorbing the heat of the air discharged to the outside using the refrigerant, and the second heat exchanger works as a condenser transferring the heat of refrigerant to the air flowing inside.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner capable of recovering indoor air,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner, and more particularly, to an air conditioner capable of reducing heating power consumption while reducing the amount of heat discharged to the outside of a vehicle during heating and contributing to efficient use of vehicle energy, .

Today, internal combustion engine vehicles using fossil fuels have problems such as environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas, global warming due to carbon dioxide, generation of respiratory diseases caused by ozone generation, and fuel exhaustion.

Accordingly, the development of environmentally friendly green vehicles such as pure electric vehicles (EV) or fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), which travel using an electric motor as a driving source, is actively under way.

The eco-friendly automobile is provided with an electric motor (drive motor) for driving the vehicle, a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor, a fuel cell, or another power supply device. In the case of an ordinary electric vehicle, After the battery is charged, the vehicle travels. In the case of a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel is charged after the fuel is charged.

In addition, an eco-friendly automobile using an electric motor as a driving source includes an inverter for driving an electric motor, a converter for power conversion (LDC (Low Voltage DC-DC Converter), etc.), an internal charging device (PE (Power Electronic) parts).

Generally, automobiles using fossil fuels provide cooling by compressing and circulating refrigerant with a compressor connected to an internal combustion engine, using heat generated from an internal combustion engine (heating heat source) or providing an electric heater by adding an electric heater as an auxiliary heat source.

That is, a refrigeration cycle is constituted by using a refrigerant compressor to perform cooling, and heat is performed through heat exchange to the room using heat emitted from the internal combustion engine and heat of the room to perform indoor air conditioning.

On the other hand, since an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle does not have an internal combustion engine that generates much heat unlike a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle, an electric heater (for example, a PTC heater) or a heat pump system When the heat pump system is cooled (normal air conditioner operation), the compressor also uses an electric compressor because the internal combustion engine can not be used as a driving source.

The heat pump system is applied to provide efficient use of electric energy and heating in the winter season. The heat pump system selectively performs a cooling function based on a refrigeration cycle (normal air conditioning function) and a heating function based on outside heat pumping, The condenser (outdoor heat exchanger) of the refrigeration cycle is used as an evaporator and the evaporator (indoor heat exchanger) is used as a condenser.

However, when an air conditioner is operated in an environmentally friendly automobile, a large amount of electric power is consumed due to the operation of the electric heater, the compressor, and the air conditioner blower, and the vehicle traveling distance Resulting in increased fuel consumption and lower fuel economy in battery vehicles.

For this reason, research has been conducted on ways to reduce power consumption in the vehicle during operation of the air conditioner and to utilize the waste heat in the vehicle to the maximum. For example, waste heat generated from power electronic parts such as inverters, converters, Technologies for use in indoor heating have been proposed.

However, in the case of the outside air mode in which the warm air circulated inside the room during the winter heating in winter is discharged to the outside, there is a problem that more power is consumed in order to maintain the room temperature at the set temperature due to heat loss during ventilation. Which is a cause of worsening the charging mileage and merchantability of the vehicle.

In addition, it is required to increase the capacity of the battery in order to increase the charging distance of one day, so that the battery price and the vehicle price can be increased.

In addition, the conventional heat pump system is disadvantageous in that it can not be operated under the condition that the outdoor air temperature is low (-10 ° C or less) in performing vehicle heating using outdoor air as a heat source. It is necessary to develop a technology capable of expanding the scope of the present invention.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and to solve the above problems, And to provide an air conditioner capable of contributing to the improvement of the heating performance of the vehicle and the increase of the travel distance of one charge.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a refrigerator comprising: a first heat exchanger installed in a discharge passage through which indoor air is discharged to the outside of a vehicle and performing heat exchange between refrigerant passing through the inside and air discharged to the outside; A second heat exchanger installed in an introduction passage for introducing air into a passenger compartment and performing heat exchange between a refrigerant passing through the passageway and air introduced into the passenger compartment; A refrigerant pipe connected between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger so that the refrigerant can circulate; An evaporator which has a ventilation heat recovery system including a compressor and a first expansion valve installed on the refrigerant pipe and absorbs the heat of air discharged from the first heat exchanger to the outside while the room is being heated in an outside air mode, And the second heat exchanger is used to act as a condenser for transferring the heat of the refrigerant to the air introduced into the room. The present invention also provides a vehicle air conditioner capable of recovering indoor air heat.

Accordingly, the vehicle air conditioning system of the present invention can reduce the power consumption during heating by providing the ventilation heat recovery system that recovers the heat of the air discharged to the outside of the vehicle while heating in the outside air mode, It is possible to effectively utilize energy and to increase the distance traveled by one charge.

In addition, in the present invention, in addition to the conventional heat pump system in which heating operation can not be performed under a low temperature condition, the indoor air heat recovery system has a high efficiency heat pump system that recovers ventilated heat discharged to the room Operable), resulting in the effect of expanding the operating area of the heat pump system in the vehicle.

1 is a configuration diagram showing a basic configuration of a ventilation heat recovery system in an air conditioner according to the present invention.
2 is an overall configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to the present invention.
3 to 6 are views for explaining respective operation modes of the air conditioner according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

FIG. 1 shows a ventilation heat recovery system 10 for recovering heat (indoor heat of ventilation, heating heat lost in ventilation) discharged to the outside of the vehicle during heating in the outside air mode in the air conditioner according to the embodiment, Of FIG.

As shown in the figure, the exhaust passage (EXIT GRILLE) 3 in which the air in the passenger compartment 1 is discharged to the outside of the vehicle 2 in the outside air mode and the passenger compartment 3 And heat exchangers 11 and 14 for exchanging heat between the air and the refrigerant are provided in the introduction passages 4 for the heat exchangers 4 and 6, respectively.

A compressor (13) and an expansion valve (16) are installed on the refrigerant conduits (12, 15) so that the refrigerant can circulate between the two heat exchangers (11, 14).

In this configuration, the heat exchanger 11 (hereinafter, referred to as "first heat exchanger") installed in the discharge passage 3 functions as an evaporator in which the refrigerant passing through the inside of the heating and outside air mode absorbs the heat of the air And a heat exchanger 14 (hereinafter referred to as a "second heat exchanger") installed in the introduction passage 4 serve as a condenser for transferring the heat of the refrigerant to the air.

At this time, since the compressor 13 sucks the gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator and compresses it to a high temperature and a high pressure and then sends it to the condenser, it must be disposed at the rear end of the refrigerant circulation path and at the front end position of the condenser.

The compressor 13 is connected to the refrigerant line 12 so that the refrigerant can move from the first heat exchanger 11 acting as an evaporator of the ventilation heat recovery system 10 to the second heat exchanger 14 serving as a condenser, Is installed.

In addition, since the expansion valve 16 is required to expand the refrigerant cooled in the condenser to a low-temperature low-pressure humid condition and send it to the evaporator, it must be disposed at the rear end of the condenser and the front end of the evaporator in the circulation path of the refrigerant.

The expansion valve 16 of the ventilation heat recovery system 10 in the air conditioning system of the present invention is installed on the refrigerant pipe 15 connected to the first heat exchanger 11 so that the refrigerant can move from the second heat exchanger 14 to the first heat exchanger 11 Respectively.

As described above, the vehicle air conditioning system of the present invention includes the first heat exchanger 11 of the discharge passage 3 for absorbing the heat of ventilation of the air discharged to the outdoor space 2, the first heat exchanger 11 for discharging heat to the heating air introduced into the room 1 The refrigerant is compressed at a high temperature and a high pressure in the second heat exchanger 14 of the introduction passage 4 which connects the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 14 and the refrigerant pipes 12 and 15 which connect the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 14 And a ventilation heat recovery system (10) comprising an expansion valve (16) for expanding the condensed refrigerant.

In the ventilation heat recovery system 10, the refrigerant flows along the circulation path of the first heat exchanger 11, the compressor 13, the second heat exchanger 14, the expansion valve 16, and the first heat exchanger 11 And the refrigerant in the gaseous state evaporated in the first heat exchanger (evaporator) 11 is sucked into the compressor 13, compressed (isentropic compression), and then discharged to the second heat exchanger (condenser) The refrigerant that has been forcedly cooled (discharged under pressure in the static pressure) in the second heat exchanger 14 is expanded to a low-temperature low-pressure humidified state through the expansion valve 16 (isenthalpic expansion) 1 heat exchanger 11 and is again vaporized to a low-temperature low-pressure gas state (static endothermic heat).

At this time, the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 11 takes in the heat of ventilation of the air discharged from the room 1 to the outdoor 2 through the discharge passage 3, and flows from the first heat exchanger 11 to the second The refrigerant that has moved to the heat exchanger 14 is discharged from the second heat exchanger 14 through the air conditioning blower to heat the air introduced into the room 1, 1 heat exchanger 11 is supplied to the heat exchanger 14 through the second heat exchanger 14 and recovered.

Of course, the main heating device for heating the vehicle may be an electric heater (not shown), and the vehicle heating is performed in such a manner that the ventilation heat recovery system 10 assists the heating by the electric heater in the outdoor mode of the air conditioning device. The power consumption of the electric heater can be reduced.

If the ventilation heat recovery system 10 is applied to a heating / cooling heat pump system (including a conventional air conditioner) and a system for assisting the heating function of the electric heater, the heating performance of the vehicle can be improved .

In particular, when the ventilation heat recovery system 10 described above is applied, the ventilation heat of the indoor air discharged to the outside of the vehicle in heating in the outdoor air mode in the indoor air quality maintenance and air-conditioning mode can be recovered and reused for heating. It is possible to improve the excessive heating loss during ventilation, to efficiently utilize the energy of the vehicle, and to increase the traveling distance of the vehicle to one charge.

FIG. 2 is an overall configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment. As shown in the figure, the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention includes a cooling / heating heat pump system 20 for performing a selective function of heating and cooling, A waste heat recovery system 50 for recovering the waste heat of the power electronic components to assist the heating function, a heat recovery system 50 for recovering the ventilation heat of the indoor air to assist the heating function And a ventilation heat recovery system (10).

Here, the heat pump system 20 for cooling / heating is constituted by an outdoor heat exchanger 21 (hereinafter referred to as a "third heat exchanger") installed in a vehicle front outside air introduction passage into which outside air is introduced, An indoor heat exchanger 22 (hereinafter referred to as a "fourth heat exchanger") installed in an introduction passage 4 for introducing the air to be blown into the vehicle, a first heat exchanger 11 and a third heat exchanger 21 A second expansion valve 16 installed on the refrigerant pipe 15 between the third heat exchanger 21 and the fourth heat exchanger 22 and a second expansion valve 16 disposed on the refrigerant pipe 15c between the third heat exchanger 21 and the fourth heat exchanger 22. [ A compressor 13 installed on the refrigerant line 12 at the front end position of the second heat exchanger 14 on the circulation path of the refrigerant, and a circulation path of the refrigerant according to the cooling / heating / heating / And a switching valve (24, 25, 27).

Here, the cooling / heating heater pump system 20 commonly uses the ventilation heat recovery system 10 and the single compressor 13 for the purpose of compressing and sending the refrigerant.

In the cooling / heating heat pump system 20, the third heat exchanger 21 is connected to the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 14 through the respective refrigerant conduits 15 and 15c, The first expansion valve 16 is interposed between the first heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger and the second expansion valve 23 is interposed between the second expansion valve and the fourth heat exchanger 22. [

The second expansion valve 23 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 15c branched from the refrigerant pipe 15 connected to the first heat exchanger 11 through the third heat exchanger 21 and connected to the fourth heat exchanger 22, ).

The third heat exchanger 21 serves as a condenser during the cooling operation mode (see FIG. 2). During the heating operation mode, the third heat exchanger 21 is selectively used according to the heating demand load. (The maximum heating operation mode of Fig. 3 and the maximum heating dehumidification operation mode of Fig. 4) for supplying the heat to the vehicle interior 1, (The heating operation mode in FIG. 5 and the heating and dehumidifying operation mode in FIG. 6) is not used in the normal heating mode in which pumping is unnecessary, .

The fourth heat exchanger 22 functions as an evaporator during a cooling operation mode (see FIG. 2) and a heating and dehumidifying operation mode (see FIGS. 4 and 6) (which is excluded from the refrigerant circulation path) (see FIGS. 3 and 5) during the heating operation mode in which only heating is required without operation of the defrost switch).

The second heat exchanger 14, which is an indoor heat exchanger, is used as a condenser in each of the operation modes (each mode of FIGS. 2 to 6) of the air conditioner. In the cooling operation mode In the heating operation mode (each mode in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6), the heat exchanger for recovering the ventilation heat during the outside air mode, that is, the ventilation heat taken from the exhaust air is used as a condenser for cooling Is used to act as a condenser (a ventilation heat recovery condenser) of the ventilation heat recovery system 10 that supplies the introduction air.

That is, the second heat exchanger 14 includes a heat pump system 20 for cooling / heating and a condenser of the ventilation heat recovery system 10, that is, a ventilation heat recovery system 10 for ventilation heat recovery and indoor supply in a heating operation mode (The maximum heating operation mode in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 where the outdoor heat pumping is required) while being used as a condenser of the outside air heat pump Is used simultaneously with the condenser of the heat pump system 20 to effect heating operation through the heat pump system (not shown).

The ventilation heat recovery system 10 operated for heating the ventilation heat during heating and the heat pump system 20 operating for heating and pumping the outside heat heat are used as the ventilation heat recovery and heating condenser and the second heat exchanger 14 (Common to the second heat exchanger)

In addition, although the first heat exchanger 14 is an unnecessary heat exchanger in the cooling operation mode, the refrigerant is prevented from passing therethrough (excluded from the refrigerant circulation path), but in the heating operation mode So that it is used as an evaporator which is a heat exchanger for ventilation heat recovery.

A separate device for bypassing the refrigerant is provided so as to bypass the first expansion valve 16 by branching from the refrigerant pipe 15 provided with the first expansion valve 16 so that the first expansion valve 16 can be selectively used. 1 by-pass conduit 15a.

A first switching valve (24) for selectively switching the refrigerant path to one of the refrigerant line (15) provided with the first expansion valve (16) and the first bypass line (15a) is provided as one of the switching valves.

The second expansion valve 23 may be selectively used as a second separate valve for bypassing the refrigerant so as to bypass the second expansion valve 23 by branching from the refrigerant pipe 15c provided with the second expansion valve 23, And a bypass pipe 15d is provided.

The refrigerant line 15 connected to the third heat exchanger 21 is selectively switched to either the refrigerant line 15c or the second bypass line 15d provided with the second expansion valve 23, A second switching valve 25 is provided.

The second switching valve 25 is connected to the refrigerant conduit 15 connected to the third heat exchanger 21 through a refrigerant conduit 15c connected to the second expansion valve 23 and the fourth heat exchanger 22, And the refrigerant pipe 15 connected to the first heat exchanger 11, and is connected to the switching valve.

Among the above expansion valves, the first expansion valve 16 is used during heating operation of the heat pump system (at the time of operation for pumping the heat of the outside air introduced through the vehicle front outside air introduction passage, that is, at the outside air heat pumping operation) And the second expansion valve 23 is an expansion valve for cooling used in the cooling operation of the heat pump system (at the time of pumping operation, that is, operation to the air conditioner for pumping the heat of indoor introduction air outdoors).

Also, the first expansion valve 16 is also used as an expansion valve of the ventilation heat recovery system 10, and the ventilation heat recovery system 10 and the cooling / heating heat pump system 20 can be used as expansion valves for ventilation heat recovery and heating The first expansion valve 16 is commonly used as the valve (common to the first expansion valve)

The second bypass conduit 15d is provided with a shutoff valve 26 for selectively shutting off the flow of the refrigerant and the refrigerant pipeline branching off from the second bypass conduit 15d is connected to the second bypass conduit 15d 1 heat exchanger (11).

The first heat exchanger 11 is connected to the second heat exchanger 14 through the refrigerant pipe 12 and the compressor 13 is installed on the refrigerant pipe 12, A separate refrigerant line 15e connected from the compressor 22 is connected to the refrigerant line 12 at the front end position of the compressor 13 on the refrigerant circulation path.

A third heat exchanger 21 which is an outdoor heat exchanger is selectively used so as to bypass the third heat exchanger 21 so as not to pass through the third heat exchanger 21 by being branched from the refrigerant pipe 15 provided with the third heat exchanger 21. [ 3 bypass pipe 15b are provided.

And a third switching valve 27 for selectively switching the refrigerant path to any one of the refrigerant conduit 15 and the third bypass conduit 15b provided with the third heat exchanger 21 is provided as another one of the switching valves .

The third heat exchanger 21 and the third bypass duct 15b which are the outdoor heat exchangers are connected to the second heat exchanger 15 of the ventilation heat recovery system 10 through the refrigerant line 15 provided with the second switching valve 25, The refrigerant pipe 15 connected to the second bypass pipe 15d is connected to the first heat exchanger 11. In this case,

When the second switching valve 25 opens the refrigerant line 15c on the side of the second expansion valve 23, the refrigerant that has passed through the third heat exchanger 21 or passed through the third bypass line 15b And then flows through the second expansion valve 23 to the fourth heat exchanger 22 as the indoor heat exchanger.

On the other hand, when the second switching valve 25 opens the second bypass conduit 15d, the refrigerant passing through the third heat exchanger 21 or the third bypass conduit 15b flows into the second bypass conduit 15b, The refrigerant can be distributed to the fourth heat exchanger 22 and the first heat exchanger 11 through the path 15d and the refrigerant pipeline 15 branched from the second bypass pipeline 15d.

However, when the shutoff valve 26 provided in the second bypass conduit 15d is closed, the flow of refrigerant from the second bypass conduit 15d to the fourth heat exchanger 22 is shut off and the second bypass conduit 15d of the refrigerant pipeline 15, as shown in Fig.

The refrigerant conduit 15 branched from the second bypass conduit 15d and connected to the first heat exchanger 11 recovers the waste heat of the power electronic component 52 through a separate branch conduit 51 Is connected to a waste heat recovery system (50) for assisting heating, and the branch path (51) is integrated into a refrigerant pipeline (12) at the front end of the compressor (13).

A heat exchanger 53 (hereinafter referred to as a "fifth heat exchanger") of the waste heat recovery system 50 is provided on the branch passage 51 and a branch passage 51 is formed in the refrigerant passage 15 A branch valve for distributing the refrigerant to the first heat exchanger 11 and the fifth heat exchanger 53 (and the second heat exchanger 14) of the waste heat recovery system 50 is provided in the branched branch point. 54 are installed.

In the fifth heat exchanger 53 of the waste heat recovery system 50, cooling water circulating through the electric power components 52 such as an electric motor (drive motor), a battery, an inverter, a converter, And the waste heat recovery system 50 recovers the waste heat generated from the power electronic components 52 through the heat exchange between the cooling water and the refrigerant and transfers the recovered heat to the second heat exchanger 14. [

The air conditioning control unit (not shown) controls the ventilation heat recovery system 10, the heating / cooling heat pump system 20, the air conditioning blower 30, the electric heater 40, and the waste heat recovery system 50 And controls the circulation path of the refrigerant for selective operation of the ventilation heat recovery system 10, the heat / heat pump system 20 and the waste heat recovery system 50, The shut-off valves 27, 27, and the dispensing valve 54. The shut-

The construction of the air conditioner according to the present invention has been described. The operating state according to each operation mode will now be described.

Since the ventilation heat recovery in the air conditioner according to the present invention is performed only in the outside air mode during heating, the distribution valve 54 is operated in the outside air mode during heating to the branch line 51 and the first heat exchanger 11 side A part of the refrigerant distributed to the refrigerant line 15 is circulated to the first heat exchanger 11 side for ventilation heat recovery while all the refrigerant lines 15 are opened.

On the other hand, since the ventilation heat recovery operation is unnecessary in the stall mode, the refrigerant pipeline 15 on the side of the second heat exchanger 11 is closed while the distributing valve 54 opens only the branch line 51, The refrigerant circulation to the refrigerant circuit 11 is interrupted.

At this time, the waste heat recovery system 50 functions to assist vehicle heating by the electric heater 40, which is a main heating device. In the stagnation mode during heating, the electric heater 40, which operates with the power of the battery (BATT) The heating of the vehicle is performed only through the heat generation of the heat recovery unit 40 and the recovery of the waste heat of the waste heat recovery system 50.

The refrigerant is circulated to the first heat exchanger 11 side in the outdoor mode during heating and the first heat exchanger 11 can be used as an evaporator so that the heat of the electric heater 40 and the heat recovery of the waste heat recovery system 50, Vehicle heating is performed through ventilation heat recovery of the heat recovery system 10.

In addition, when the heating demand load in the outdoor mode is higher than a predetermined level, the heat pump system 20 operates for heating the air to pump the outside heat to the vehicle interior 1. In this case, the third heat exchanger 21, which is an outdoor heat exchanger, And the third heat exchanger 21 is used to serve as an evaporator that absorbs the heat of the outside air introduced through the vehicle front outside air introduction passageway so that the heat generated by the electric heater 40, The heating of the ventilation heat of the ventilation heat recovery system 10, and the heating of the outside air of the heater pump system 20 are performed.

In describing the operating state of the air conditioner according to the present invention, the cooling mode, the maximum heating mode, the maximum heating dehumidification mode, the heating mode and the heating and dehumidifying mode will be described as follows.

In addition, it describes the operation mode in which the heating is performed in the ambient mode in the case of heating, and the maximum heating operation mode and the maximum heating and dehumidification operation mode are distinguished from the case in which the heating demand load is less than a certain level, And the heating mode is referred to as a maximum heating dehumidifying operation mode and a heating and dehumidifying operation mode.

1) Cooling Operation mode (Fig. 2: Cooling operation of the heat pump system (normal air conditioner operation))

When the cooling operation mode is selected by the operator in order to maintain the operator air-conditioning set temperature in accordance with the sensor detection information (detection information of the temperature sensor or the like), the air conditioning control unit controls the first, second, The first refrigerant circuit 24, the second refrigerant circuit 24 and the second refrigerant circuit 27 are operated so that the refrigerant flows through the compressor 13, the second heat exchanger 14, the first switching valve 24, the first bypass conduit 15a, 27 to the third heat exchanger 21, the second switching valve 25, the second expansion valve 23, the fourth heat exchanger 22, and the compressor 13.

At this time, the shutoff valve 26 is closed to prevent the refrigerant from passing through the second bypass conduit 15d.

The air conditioning control unit drives the compressor 13 to send the refrigerant compressed to a high temperature and a high pressure so that the refrigerant sequentially passes through the second heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 21, The heat exchanger 14 (indoor condenser) performs heat exchange with air introduced into the room 1 by the air conditioning blower 30 and heat exchange with the outside air through the third heat exchanger 21 (outdoor condenser) Thereby condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.

The refrigerant condensed in the second and third heat exchangers (14, 21) is expanded and decompressed while passing through the second expansion valve (23), and then flows into the fourth heat exchanger (22) It evaporates through heat exchange with air.

At this time, in the fourth heat exchanger 22, the refrigerant absorbs heat of the indoor introduction air, and the air exchanged with the refrigerant in the fourth heat exchanger 22 (heat deprived) The refrigerant that has passed through the fourth heat exchanger 22 is sucked by the compressor 13 and then sent to the second heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 21 to be circulated do.

In this cooling operation mode, the compressor 13, the second heat exchanger 14 (condenser), the third heat exchanger 21 (condenser), the second expansion valve 23, the fourth heat exchanger 22 ) (The operation of pumping the heat of the indoor introduction air to the outside).

2) Maximum heating Operation mode (Fig. 3: electric heater, Ventilation heat  Recovery system, operation of heat pump system (heating) and waste heat recovery system)

If room heating is required by the driver's air conditioning switch operation and the vehicle heating required load is greater than a certain level in order to maintain the operator air conditioning set temperature according to the sensor detection information (detection information of the temperature sensor or the like) The operation mode is selected.

At this time, the air conditioning control unit activates the electric heater 40, and performs a ventilation heat recovery operation of the ventilation heat recovery system 10, a heating operation of the heat pump system 20 for pumping ambient heat And the waste heat recovering operation of the waste heat recovering system 50 is performed.

To this end, the air conditioning control unit operates the first, second, and third switching valves 24, 25, 27 to switch the refrigerant flow path from the compressor 13 to the second heat exchanger 14 to the first switching valve 24 → first expansion valve 16 → third switching valve 27 → third heat exchanger 21 → second switching valve 25 → distribution valve 54 → first heat exchanger 11, And connected to the heat exchanger (53) - > compressor (13).

At this time, the shutoff valve 26 is closed to prevent the refrigerant from passing through the second bypass conduit 15d.

The air conditioning control unit operates the electric heater 40 and drives the compressor 13 to send the refrigerant compressed at a high temperature and a high pressure so that the refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 14, The two-heat exchanger 14 (indoor condenser) condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through heat exchange with the air introduced into the room 1 by the air conditioning blower 30.

The refrigerant condensed in the second heat exchanger 14 is expanded and decompressed while passing through the first expansion valve 16 and then is evaporated through heat exchange with the outside air while passing through the third heat exchanger 21 The refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 21 undergoes an endothermic operation of taking out the heat of the outside air and then flows into the fifth heat exchanger 53 through the second switching valve 25 and the distribution valve 54 , And the remainder is distributed to the first heat exchanger (11).

As a result, in the fifth heat exchanger (53), heat is absorbed by the heat exchanged with the cooling water that has passed through the electric electric component and the heat recovered from the electric electric component is absorbed. In the first heat exchanger (11) Some of the remaining refrigerant is evaporated through heat exchange with the air discharged to the outdoor 2, thereby taking an endothermic effect of depriving the heat of the ventilation.

The refrigerant that has passed through the fifth heat exchanger 53 and the first heat exchanger 11 is sucked by the compressor 13 and then sent to the second heat exchanger 14 to be circulated and then circulated through the second heat exchanger 14), air having been heat-exchanged with the refrigerant (supplied with the heat of the refrigerant) flows into the vehicle interior 1 to heat the room.

In this way, in the maximum heating operation mode, the heating air is recovered by the ventilation heat recovery system 10 along with the heat of the electric heater 40, the pumping heat pumped from the outside air by the heat pump system 20, Heated by the waste heat of the power electronic component 52 recovered by the heat pump system 50 and then introduced into the room 1 and further used for heating (pumping of the outside heat for heating) So that it can cope with a large heating demand load.

In particular, the ventilation heat recovery system 10 recovers the ventilation heat of the air discharged to the outdoor 2 and reuses it for indoor heating, thereby reducing power consumption during heating and efficient use of vehicle energy, . ≪ / RTI >

3) Max Heating dehumidification Operation mode (Fig. 4: electric heater, Ventilation heat  Recovery system, operation of heat pump system (heating) and waste heat recovery system, circulation of refrigerant in fourth heat exchanger)

When the indoor dehumidification (operation in automatic operation according to sensor detection information or operation during user defrost switch operation) is requested and selected during the maximum heating operation mode, the fourth heat exchanger 22 is connected to the evaporator The maximum heating and dehumidifying operation mode is activated.

In this maximum heating and dehumidifying operation mode, the air conditioning control unit opens the shutoff valve 26 so that the refrigerant is also distributed to the fourth heat exchanger 22 (evaporator) through the second bypass line 15d from the second switching valve 25 So that they can pass.

The refrigerant having passed through the fourth heat exchanger 22 is sucked by the compressor 13 and then sucked through the refrigerant line 15e at the front end of the compressor 13 and the waste heat recovery system 50 and the ventilation heat recovery system 10 The air that has been heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the fourth heat exchanger 22 (heat is taken from the refrigerant) flows into the interior of the vehicle 1 It is used for indoor dehumidification.

4) Heating Operation mode (Fig. 5: electric heater, Ventilation heat  Recovery system and waste heat recovery system)

In order to maintain the operator air-conditioning set temperature in accordance with the sensor detection information (detection information of the temperature sensor or the like), or when indoor heating is required by operating the air conditioning switch of the driver and the heating demand load is below a certain level, The heating operation mode in which only the electric heater 40, the ventilation heat recovery system 10 and the waste heat recovery system 50 are operated is performed.

The third heat exchanger 21 of the heat pump system 20 is not used and the electric heater 40 is operated and the ventilation heat recovery system 10 and the waste heat recovering operation of the waste heat recovery system 50 are performed.

For this, the air conditioning control unit controls the operation of the first switching valve 24 so that the refrigerant can flow through the third bypass line 15b instead of the third heat exchanger 21, and the second heat exchanger 14 The refrigerant condensed in the first heat exchanger 15 is expanded through the first expansion valve 16 and bypassed through the third bypass line 15b without passing through the third heat exchanger 21, So that it can flow to the recovery system 10.

That is, the first, second and third switching valves 24, 25 and 27 are operated to switch the refrigerant passage from the compressor 13 to the second heat exchanger 14 to the first switching valve 24, The expansion valve 16 → the third switching valve 27 → the third bypass conduit 15b → the second switching valve 25 → the distribution valve 54 → the first heat exchanger 11 and the fifth heat exchanger 53) to the compressor (13).

At this time, the shutoff valve 26 is closed to prevent the refrigerant from passing through the second bypass conduit 15d.

The air conditioning control unit operates the electric heater 40 and drives the compressor 13 to send the refrigerant compressed at a high temperature and a high pressure so that the refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 14, The two-heat exchanger 14 (indoor condenser) condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through heat exchange with the air introduced into the room 1 by the air conditioning blower 30.

The refrigerant condensed in the second heat exchanger 14 is expanded and decompressed while passing through the first expansion valve 16 and then flows through the third bypass pipe 15b and then flows through the second switching valve 25, The distribution valve 54 to the fifth heat exchanger 53, and the remainder to the first heat exchanger 11. [

As a result, in the fifth heat exchanger (53), heat is absorbed by the heat exchanged with the cooling water that has passed through the electric electric component and the heat recovered from the electric electric component is absorbed. In the first heat exchanger (11) The refrigerant of the outdoor unit 2 is evaporated through heat exchange with the air discharged to the outdoor unit 2, thereby absorbing the heat of ventilation.

The refrigerant that has passed through the fifth heat exchanger 53 and the first heat exchanger 11 is sucked by the compressor 13 and then sent to the second heat exchanger 14 to be circulated and then circulated through the second heat exchanger 14), air having been heat-exchanged with the refrigerant (supplied with the heat of the refrigerant) flows into the vehicle interior 1 to heat the room.

In this manner, the heating air in the heating operation mode is circulated by the heat of the electric heater 40, the ventilation heat recovered by the ventilation heat recovery system 10, and the waste heat of the power electronic component 52 recovered by the waste heat recovery system 50 The air heat of the air discharged to the outside 2 is recovered through the ventilation heat recovery system 10 and can be reused for heating the room Therefore, it is possible to expect reduction in power consumption during heating, efficient use of vehicle energy, and an increase in travel distance of the car.

5) Heating dehumidification Operation mode (Fig. 6: electric heater, Ventilation heat  Operation of the recovery system and waste heat recovery system, refrigerant circulation of the fourth heat exchanger)

When the indoor dehumidification (operation in automatic operation or user defrost switch operation according to the sensor detection information) is requested and selected during the heating operation mode, the fourth heat exchanger 22 acts as an evaporator as compared to the heating operation mode Additional heating dehumidification operation mode is activated.

In this heating and dehumidifying operation mode, the air conditioning control unit opens the shut-off valve 26 in the same manner as in the maximum heating dehumidification operation mode so that the fourth heat exchanger 22 is opened from the second switching valve 25 through the second bypass duct 15d, (Evaporator) so that refrigerant can be distributed and passed through.

The refrigerant having passed through the fourth heat exchanger 22 is sucked by the compressor 13 and then sucked through the refrigerant line 15e at the front end of the compressor 13 and the waste heat recovery system 50 and the ventilation heat recovery system 10 The air that has been heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the fourth heat exchanger 22 (heat is taken from the refrigerant) flows into the interior of the vehicle 1 It is used for indoor dehumidification.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Modified forms are also included within the scope of the present invention.

1: Indoor 2: Outdoor
3: discharge passage 4: introduction passage
10: ventilation heat recovery system 11: first heat exchanger
12: refrigerant pipeline 13: compressor
14: second heat exchanger 15: refrigerant pipe
15a: first bypass pipe 15b: third bypass pipe
15c: refrigerant pipe 15d: second bypass pipe
15e: refrigerant pipe 16: first expansion valve
20: Heat pump system for cooling / heating 21: Third heat exchanger
22: fourth heat exchanger 23: second expansion valve
24: first switching valve 25: second switching valve
26: shutoff valve 27: third switching valve
30: air conditioning blower 40: electric heater
50: waste heat recovery system 51:
52: Power electronic part 53: Fifth heat exchanger
54: Distribution valve BATT: Battery

Claims (13)

A first heat exchanger installed in a discharge passage through which indoor air is discharged to the outside of the vehicle and performing heat exchange between the refrigerant passing through the inside and the air discharged to the outside;
A second heat exchanger installed in an introduction passage for introducing air into a passenger compartment and performing heat exchange between a refrigerant passing through the passageway and air introduced into the passenger compartment;
A refrigerant pipe connected between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger so that the refrigerant can circulate;
A compressor and a first expansion valve installed on the refrigerant pipe;
Wherein the first heat exchanger is used to act as an evaporator for absorbing the heat of the air discharged to the outdoors into the refrigerant while the room is being heated in the outdoor mode and the second heat exchanger is used to function as an evaporator Wherein the indoor heat exchanger is used to act as a condenser for transferring the heat of the refrigerant.
The method according to claim 1,
The compressor is installed to compress the refrigerant sucked from the first heat exchanger through the refrigerant pipe and to send it to the second heat exchanger. The first expansion valve is connected to the refrigerant pipe connected to the refrigerant pipe from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger Wherein the indoor heat exchanger is installed in the indoor heat exchanger.
The method according to claim 1,
An outdoor heat exchanger arranged in the outside air introduction passage on the front side of the vehicle body for passing heat through the outdoor heat exchanger is installed in the refrigerant pipe connected to the refrigerant moving from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger in the heat pump system for heating / Wherein the indoor heat exchanger is capable of recovering indoor heat.
The method of claim 3,
The cooling / heating heat pump system
An indoor heat exchanger installed in an introduction passage through which air is introduced into a passenger compartment and used to act as an evaporator;
A compressor and a second expansion valve installed on a refrigerant pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger;
Wherein the indoor heat exchanger is capable of recovering indoor heat from the indoor air.
The method of claim 4,
Wherein the heat pump system for cooling / heating is a compressor for compressing and sending refrigerant, wherein a ventilation heat recovery system and a compressor are commonly used.
The method according to claim 3 or 5,
A branch pipe branching from a refrigerant pipe connecting between the outdoor heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger is connected to a front end of a compressor of a refrigerant pipe connected from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger,
A distribution valve for controlling the distribution of the refrigerant to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is installed at a branch point where the branch pipe branches from the refrigerant pipe,
Wherein the ventilation heat recovery system and the heat pump system operated for heating to pump the outdoor heat use the second heat exchanger as the ventilation heat recovery and heating condenser. Air conditioning system.
The method of claim 6,
And a heat exchanger of a waste heat recovery system for recovering waste heat of power electronic components through heat exchange between the cooling water circulating the power electronic components and the refrigerant to assist the heating function is installed in the branch pipe. Air conditioning system.
The method of claim 5,
The indoor heat exchanger is connected to the refrigerant pipe at the front end of the compressor through the refrigerant pipe, and the refrigerant passing through the outdoor heat exchanger is passed through the indoor heat exchanger used to serve as the expansion valve and the evaporator, and then is compressed by the compressor and sent to the second heat exchanger Which is capable of recovering indoor air heat.
The method of claim 3,
And an outdoor heat exchanger of the heat pump system for cooling / heating is installed in a refrigerant pipe connected to the first heat exchanger so as to allow the refrigerant to flow from the second heat exchanger through the first expansion valve, Wherein the first expansion valve is used as an expansion valve for ventilation heat recovery and heating, respectively, in a heat pump system operated for heating.
The method of claim 9,
And a first bypass conduit branched from the refrigerant conduit provided with the first expansion valve so as to bypass the refrigerant so that the first expansion valve can be selectively used. The refrigerant conduit provided with the first expansion valve, And a first switching valve for selectively switching the refrigerant path to any one of the first, second, third, and fourth ducts.
The method of claim 4,
Wherein the second expansion valve is installed in a refrigerant pipe branched from a refrigerant pipe connected to the outdoor heat exchanger to a first heat exchanger and connected to an indoor heat exchanger and connected to the refrigerant pipe connected to the outdoor heat exchanger through a refrigerant pipe And a second switching valve for selectively switching the refrigerant path to one of a refrigerant pipe connected to the first heat exchanger and a refrigerant pipe connected to the first heat exchanger.
The method according to claim 4 or 11,
And a second bypass conduit branched from the refrigerant conduit in which the second expansion valve is installed to bypass the refrigerant so that the second expansion valve can be selectively used, Wherein the indoor ventilation heat recovery device is provided with a shut-off valve.
The method of claim 3,
And a third bypass conduit branched from the refrigerant conduit provided with the outdoor heat exchanger so as to bypass the refrigerant so that the outdoor heat exchanger can be selectively used. The refrigerant conduit is connected to the refrigerant conduit through the refrigerant conduit and the third bypass conduit provided with the outdoor heat exchanger, And a third switching valve for selectively switching between indoor air and indoor air.

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