KR20130122168A - The ferroconcrete structure which keeps a buoyant function for 'establishment of the offshore wind turbine' - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reinforced concrete structure which keeps a buoyant function for the establishment of an offshore wind power plant and, specifically, to a new renewable energy technology which transports and installs a wind power plant on the sea to generate power using air (wind) as an energy source. The present invention utilizes buoyant reinforced concrete as a foundation structure for effectively installing the wind power plant on the sea. The reinforced concrete structure which keeps a buoyant function for the establishment of an offshore wind power plant according to the present invention comprises a foundation plant main supporter, a foundation horizontal supporting round pipe, a foundation plant fixing pile auxiliary supporter, a main supporter reinforcing strut pipe, a buoyant reinforced concrete structure, and a pulling lug for towing. The present invention maintains the buoyancy of the reinforced concrete structure in a desired maritime location and is capable of transporting and installing an offshore wind power plant in a desired location on the sea. The reinforced concrete structure which keeps a buoyant function for the establishment of an offshore wind power plant according to the present invention is manufactured and installed in a short time at low costs and is easily maintained using a simple structure.

Description

Ferroconcrete structure which keeps a buoyant function for 'establishment of the offshore wind turbine'}

The present invention relates to a 'buoyant reinforced concrete structure for the installation of offshore wind power generators' for producing electricity by installing wind power devices on the sea, and more particularly, transfer the wind power generators to the sea and install them on the sea. It is related to renewable energy technology that produces power by converting air (wind) passing through it into an energy source. The focus is on utilizing "buoyant reinforced concrete" as a foundation for effectively installing these offshore wind turbines.

Wind power is a power generation technology that generates electricity by converting wind energy. The wind system consists of "mechanical parts, electric parts, control parts".

The mechanical unit is composed of a rotor (rotor) including a shaft, a gearbox, a gearbox for converting the rotor to a proper speed, a brake for improving the efficiency of starting, braking and operation, Pitching System, and Yawing System.

The electric device part is constituted by a power stabilizing device which supplies a generator and other stable electric power.

Control system is composed of control system and yawing controller which is set up and operated to enable unmanned operation of wind turbine generator, active control of output by controlling the pitch of the blade, And a monitoring system that enables control and determination of the state of the system on the ground.

Wind turbine systems are composed of various types.

[Table 1] shows the types of wind turbine systems.

[Table 1] Types of wind turbine systems

When the wind turbine system is divided along the direction of the rotating shaft, it is divided into a vertical axis generator and a horizontal axis generator. Vertical-axis generators have no relation to the direction of the wind, so they can be installed in desert or plains, but they are expensive and inefficient compared to horizontal axis windmills. The horizontal axis generators are simple to install because they are simple to install but they are influenced by the wind direction. Generally, a horizontal axis generator is used for medium to large scale class and a vertical axis generator is used for small class of 100kW or less.

The wind turbine system is classified into a geared type and a gearless type according to the operation mode. Most wind turbines are geared wind turbines using constant-speed induction generators and are equipped with gears that increase the rotational speed of the rotor to match the high rated revolutions of the induction generator.

The Gearless type corresponds to a wind power generation system using a variable-speed operation synchronous (or permanent magnet) generator, and is a direct-drive type in which a rotor and a generator are directly connected to each other without a speed-increasing gear unit using a multi-pole synchronous generator. Although the power generation efficiency is high, it is more expensive than the induction generator and has a large size.

Because wind turbines have higher wind speeds and larger wind turbines can produce more wind energy, the amount of power generated by wind turbines depends on the strength of the wind and the size of the windmill. Also, as the height increases, the wind blows harder, so the generator in the higher place is larger than the generator in the lower place and the generation amount is also higher. For wind power generation, winds blowing at an average speed of more than 4 m / s are required. The velocity of the wind referred to here is not the ground on which we stand, but the speed at which the wind generator is at its wing.

The effects of wind power generation are as follows.

First, the effect of replacing fossil fuels with power generation method using wind kinetic energy is very high.

Secondly, it is possible to supply economical power to the underdeveloped areas such as the islands.

Third, land use can be streamlined by installing in coastal and mountainous areas with excellent wind direction.

Fourth, in some specific areas such as Jeju region, large scale wind farm complexes can be used as tourism resources.

Because wind power generation uses pollution-free and infinite winds scattered everywhere, it has little impact on the environment and can utilize the land efficiently. In the case of large-scale power generation complexes, Is a new energy generation technology. In addition, the area actually used in the wind farm is only 1% of the total area of the whole area including the foundation of the wind turbine, the road, the measurement and the central control room, and the remaining 99% Can be used. In general, the area required for power generation is wind power 1,335 m2 / GWh, coal 3,642 m2 / GWh, solar heat 3,561 m2 / GWh, and solar power generation 3,237 m2 / GWh. Wind power generation is very effective in reducing pollutants, so if a 200 kW wind turbine generates a power of 400,000 kWh for one year, it will replace about 120-200 tons of coal. -3.2 tons of NOx, 1.2-2.4 tons of CO2, 300-500 tons of CO2, 16-28 tons of slag and ash, and the emission of suspended solids is about 160-280 kg per year. . The price of wind power generation system varies depending on the wind resource of the installation area. However, the large-scale wind farms in the US currently have a system installation cost of about $ 750 / kW and a power generation cost of about 5 ¢ / kWh. It is competitive. Moreover, if continuous investment and technology development are combined, wind power generation is expected to achieve 3.9 ¢ / kWh unit price target within 15 years. Since the technology related to wind power generation is already in practical use stage, it tends to concentrate on lowering the price of wind power generators and increasing the size and spread of the wind power generators rather than developing element technology. In many countries, wind power generators are being supplied in a competitive manner. By the end of 1994, the world has installed about 3,7600 MW of wind power generators, producing more than 4.5 billion kWh of electricity annually. In 1994, a new wind turbine with a capacity of 611 MW was newly installed, and in India, a wind farm with a size of 235.5 MW was planned to be built in 1995. Currently, the largest number of wind turbines operate in the United States, Germany, and Denmark. In the United States, a large-scale wind farm in California produces about 3 billion kWh of electricity annually in 1993, In 1994, it produced about 3.5 billion kWh of electricity. However, the country with the largest share of wind power is Denmark, which currently produces 1,135 MW of 4900 wind turbines, accounting for 7% of electricity consumption and supplying to 440,000 households. According to Inara 's "Energy 21" plan, it will raise 10% by 2000 and 50% by 2030. The present state of the domestic technology development was analyzed by the Korea Research Institute of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) to analyze the characteristics of wind resources using the statistical data of 64 meteorological stations and measurement data of some parts of the inland area. Due to the nature of the wind resource, which is heavily influenced, the basic statistical data have not been improved yet. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the evaluation of wind power resources in the prospective wind power generation area and the feasibility evaluation project for wind farm construction.

Let's take a closer look at offshore wind power generation.

Offshore wind power generation refers to a power generation system in which a wind turbine is installed in a lake, a fjord terrain, or a coastal waterside, and the kinetic energy of the wind blowing there is converted into mechanical energy by rotating wings to obtain electricity. The necessity of offshore wind power generation has been limited due to the enlargement of the wind turbine due to the development of onshore wind power generation, and problems such as the noise problem due to the enlargement of the turbine, installation and transportation problems, Therefore, offshore wind power generation has been devised as a solution to solve the problems of onshore wind power generation.

The advantages of offshore wind power generation are as follows.

end. Massive installation site

It is not easy to find an area where a wind turbine can be installed in a country with limited territory. In other words, in the case of onshore wind power generation, there is a limitation of installation site. On the other hand, it is possible to construct a large-scale wind power generation complex with a good land acquisition.

I. Periodic and strong winds

The offshore is able to maintain about 1.5 ~ 2 times higher power generation [2] with relatively low fatigue loads compared to onshore wind power generation under similar conditions because of less turbulence of wind and less wind speed depending on height and direction.

All. Eliminate noise and visual pressure

In case of offshore wind power generation, since it is installed at a distance of about 15 km from the coast, problems such as noise caused by the enlargement of the wind turbine and visual over-pressure can be solved

la. Creation of added value as tourist area

The wind turbines installed on the sea produce excellent scenery. For example, in Denver, Denmark, Lunden is known for being a successful example of building a world-class offshore wind farm.

Major technologies of offshore wind power generation are as follows.

end. Offshore wind turbine

Offshore wind turbines basically apply the same technology as onshore wind turbines. It has a life span of about 20 years, and it uses wind turbines of 3 ~ 5MW or more, which are larger than those on the land. Each element is designed and coated to prevent corrosion damage due to salt.

I. Foundation foundation

Basic construction can be divided into four representative types.

(end). Concrete caisson type

It was applied to Vindeby, Middelgrunden and Nysted offshore wind farms. It can be used at relatively shallow water depths of 6 ~ 10m and maintain its position by its frictional force with its own weight and sea floor. The foundation diameter is 12 ~ 15m and there is a possibility of causing stability problem of eccentric slope in bad ground.

(I). Monopile type

It is the most basic type of offshore wind power plant currently used and can be installed at a depth of 25 ~ 30m. Horns Rev, North Hoyle, and Scroby Sands offshore wind farms. It is economical when used for large-scale complexes by fixing large diameter piles on the sea floor by driving or drilling. The base diameter is 3 ~ 3.5m and there is fatigue load or corrosion problem on the member.

(All). Jacket type

Currently, there is a lot of interest in the countries with offshore wind farms. This type, applied in the UK's "The Talisman Beatrice Wind Farm Demonstrator" project, is supported by a jacketed structure and secured to the seabed by piles or piles. It is a large-scale ocean structure, has high track record and high reliability, and is economically advantageous when used in a large-scale complex construction like the monophasic type. [5]

(la). Floating type

Future deep sea winds The floating type, which is a mandatory task of wind power generation, is being studied by many wind power companies so that it can be installed at a depth of 40 ~ 900m.

All. How to connect to the grid

(end). Individual connection

It does not affect other projects and features the shortest cable length. Although the location of the problem can be clearly identified when a problem occurs, it has a disadvantage that it requires a large area for cable connection, lacks operational flexibility, and has a large environmental impact.

(I). Mesh Grid

It is possible to minimize the efficiency deterioration in the partial load due to the use of the intermediate transmission, but the design considering the technical and commercial aspects is required and the investment cost is great. At full load there is no advantage over other methods. [5]

(All). Radial Configuration

It is easy to receive licenses because there is not enough space for cable connection and the environmental impact is small. However, there is a disadvantage that the length of the cable becomes longer and the operational flexibility is insufficient.

As can be seen from the above, the most important aspect of offshore wind power generation is in the process of installing offshore wind power generators at sea. There is a problem in that it is difficult and costly to install the wind power generation equipment at sea. In addition, since the function is simplified by utilizing only the wind power generator, the function of the offshore wind power generator is not various compared to the high installation cost, and the problem is simple.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing and utilizing the basic structure as a reinforced concrete structure for buoyancy in an offshore wind power generator for generating electricity by installing a wind power generator on the sea in order to recycle the wind passing through the sea. The present invention is a method of installing a new offshore wind turbine generator which can be installed easily and easily, unlike a conventional method of installing an offshore wind turbine generator.

" Reinforced concrete structure for buoyancy for installing offshore wind power generators " according to the present invention is the "main support base support, foundation horizontal support circular pipe, foundation installation fixed pile auxiliary support, main support reinforcement brace pipe, foundation horizontal support auxiliary pipe, buoyancy Reinforced concrete structures, towing pull lugs. Existing offshore wind power generators have complicated processes and enormous costs for installation on the sea, while the " buoyant reinforced concrete structures for installing offshore wind power generators " according to the present invention have a low cost and simple principle of offshore wind power generators. Its main feature is that it can be installed effectively.

" Reinforced concrete structure for buoyancy for installing offshore wind power generators " according to the present invention can be expected the following effects.

First, offshore wind power can be installed at sea at low cost.

Second, it has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and convenient maintenance.

Third, it is possible to shorten the production and installation period. In other words, it has the advantage of minimizing the installation period of offshore wind turbines.

1 is a schematic conceptual view showing the structure of " buoyant reinforced concrete structure for offshore wind power generator installation " according to the present invention.

"The buoyancy reinforced concrete structure for offshore wind power generator installation " according to the present invention is the "base equipment main support (S11), basic horizontal support circular pipe (S16), basic equipment fixed pile auxiliary support (S14), main support reinforcement brace Pipe S15, buoyant reinforced concrete structure S13, towing pulling lugs S12, S17 "and the like.

"Base equipment main zone (S11)" means main zone that is made of steel structure and supports offshore wind generators.

The "buoyant reinforced concrete structure (S13)" means the main housing (Housing) of the structure made of reinforced concrete with a buoyancy function for supporting the offshore wind power generator.

"Basic facility fixed pile auxiliary support (S14)" is attached to the basic horizontal support circular pipe (S16) means a support device for fixing the "buoyant reinforced concrete structure (S13)" on the seabed base.

"Basic horizontal support circular pipe (S16)" means a circular pipe made of an iron structure to maintain the horizontal state of the main structure "buoyant reinforced concrete structure (S13)".

"Main support reinforcing brace pipe (S15)" means the brace function pipe made of a steel structure to perform the support role, so that the "base equipment support zone (S11)" does not fall.

"Towing pull lugs (S12, S17)" means a towing 'pulling lug (Pulling Lug) for use when towing the ship to move the offshore wind turbine to the desired position on the sea.

As described above, " reinforced concrete structure for buoyancy for installing offshore wind power generators " according to the present invention is "base equipment support base (S11), basic horizontal support circular pipe (S16), basic equipment fixed pile auxiliary support (S14), Main support reinforcement brace pipe (S15), buoyant reinforced concrete structure (S13), tug pulling lugs (S12, S17) ", etc., to maintain the floating state to the desired position by using the buoyancy In addition, it has the advantage that it can be conveniently installed in the desired position by transporting the offshore wind power generator.

S11: Infrastructure Grounds S12: Pulling Lug
S13: Reinforced concrete structures for buoyancy S14: Foundation support pile support
S15: Main support reinforcement brace pipe S16: Foundation horizontal support round pipe
S17: Pulling Lug

Claims (1)

"Instrument support base (S11), foundation horizontal support circular pipe (S16), foundation fixed pile auxiliary support (S14), main support reinforcement brace pipe (S15), reinforced concrete structure for buoyancy (S13), pulling pull lug for towing (S12, S17) ", characterized in that the" buoyant reinforced concrete structure for offshore wind turbine installation . "

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