KR20130074815A - All solution processible light-emitting device - Google Patents
All solution processible light-emitting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20130074815A KR20130074815A KR1020110137944A KR20110137944A KR20130074815A KR 20130074815 A KR20130074815 A KR 20130074815A KR 1020110137944 A KR1020110137944 A KR 1020110137944A KR 20110137944 A KR20110137944 A KR 20110137944A KR 20130074815 A KR20130074815 A KR 20130074815A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- layer
- emitting device
- zno
- metal
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 유기발광소자에 관한 것으로, 특히 전 공정이 용액공정으로 제작이 가능한 유기발광소자에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to an organic light emitting device, and more particularly, to an organic light emitting device that can be manufactured in a solution process.
OLED는 우수한 발광효율과 자체발광의 장점을 가지고 있기 때문에, 화면 표시장치 또는 조명 산업 등과 같은 분야에서 여러 가지 목적으로 사용될 잠재성이 매우 높다. 하지만 OLED를 제작하기 위한 기존의 공정은 모든 층을 진공 증착 방식을 이용한다. OLEDs have the advantages of excellent luminous efficiency and self-luminous, and thus have great potential to be used for various purposes in fields such as screen displays or lighting industries. However, existing processes for manufacturing OLEDs use vacuum deposition of all layers.
예를 들어 종래의 저분자(small molecule) 혹은 단분자(monomer) 유기발광소자는 소자를 구성하는 층을 모두 진공에서 증착하여 제조하고 있으며, 이미 상용화되어 있는 기술은 AM 방식으로 구동되며 4인치 급의 디스플레이 용도로 사용되고 있으나, TFT의 대면적 기술이 확보되어있지 못하여 소형 제품군에만 사용되고 있다. 저분자 물질은 정제를 통하여 고순도의 물질을 이용할 수가 있으며, 고성능의 발광 효율을 갖는다는 장점을 지니고 있지만 소자의 대면적화와 단가문제는 아직 해결되지 못하고 있다.For example, conventional small molecule or monomer organic light emitting diodes are manufactured by depositing all the layers constituting the device in a vacuum. Already commercialized technology is driven by AM method and 4 inch class Although it is used for display purposes, the large-area technology of TFTs is not secured, so it is used only in small product lines. The low molecular weight material has the advantage of using a high purity material through purification and having a high-performance luminous efficiency, but the problem of large area and cost of the device has not been solved yet.
진공 증착의 경우 시간적, 비용적, 수량적 측면에서 대량생산에 적합치 못하다는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 대면적화에도 큰 제약을 가지고 있다. 따라서 모든 관점에서 검토해 보았을 때, 진공 증착 방식은 개선이 필요하며, 이에 대한 대안으로 주목 받고 있는 것이 용액 공정이다.Vacuum deposition has the disadvantage that it is not suitable for mass production in terms of time, cost and quantity, and has a large limitation in large area. Therefore, when examined from all points of view, the vacuum deposition method needs to be improved, and the solution process is drawing attention as an alternative.
하지만 용액 공정을 기반으로 한 OLED의 경우, 현재 증착 방식의 소자보다 효율이 높게 나오지 못하고 있으며, 결정적으로 현재까지는 부분적인 용액공정만 가능한 상태이다. 즉 전체 공정을 모두 용액 공정으로 대체하고 있지는 못하고 있는 상황이며, 발광 효율에 대한 문제도 여전히 남아있다.However, OLEDs based on the solution process have not been shown to be more efficient than current deposition devices, and so far, only a partial solution process is available. In other words, the entire process has not been replaced by the solution process, and the problem of the luminous efficiency still remains.
한편, 고분자(polymer) 유기발광소자의 제작 과정에서는 용액 공정이 가능하여 스핀코팅과 같은 간단한 방법으로도 박막을 형성할 수 있다. 이는 공정 설비비용이 매우 저렴하다는 특징을 갖는데, 용액공정 중 재료소모율이 낮은 프린팅 기법 등을 활용하면 단가가 무척 높은 재료비를 1/10 이하로 절감할 수도 있다. 하지만 고분자 유기발광소자에서는 발광효율이 증착공정으로 제작된 저분자 소자들에 비해 아직 상대적으로 낮은 수준에 머물러있기 때문에 이를 끌어올리는 것이 중요하다. 더불어 용액공정이 현재 모든 층에 대해 완전히 검증되지도 않은 상태이기 때문에 이에 대한 개선의 여지도 아직 남아있는 상태이다.Meanwhile, in the manufacturing process of the polymer organic light emitting device, a solution process is possible, and thus a thin film may be formed by a simple method such as spin coating. This is characterized by a very low process equipment cost, and the use of a printing method with a low material consumption rate during the solution process can reduce the material cost of very high to less than 1/10. However, in the polymer organic light emitting device, it is important to raise the luminous efficiency because it is still relatively low level compared to the low molecular weight devices manufactured by the deposition process. In addition, there is still room for improvement as the solution process is not fully validated for all layers at present.
특히, 유기발광소자의 발광효율을 충분히 얻어내기 위해서는 소자의 발광 원리상 음극(cathode)에서 전자가 제공될 때 소요되는 에너지, 즉 전자주입장벽을 낮출 필요가 있는데, 이를 위하여 일반적으로 LiF, CsF, NaF, Cs2CO3등과 같은 재료로 전자주입층을 형성하였다. 하지만 이 같은 재료들은 산소 또는 수분에 매우 불안정하기 때문에, 대기 중에서 공정을 수행하기가 어렵고, 더욱이 0.5~3 nm 수준의 초박막을 형성해야 하기 때문에, 매우 고품질의 성막, 즉 증착 공정을 거치지 않고서는 실제 구현이 불가능했다. 따라서 공정비용 높다는 점과 연속적인 공정이 불가하다는 점으로 인한 공정 생산성에 관한 문제가 크게 대두되고 있다.
In particular, in order to sufficiently obtain the luminous efficiency of the organic light emitting device, it is necessary to lower the energy required when electrons are provided from the cathode (cathode), that is, the electron injection barrier. An electron injection layer was formed of a material such as NaF, Cs 2 CO 3, or the like. However, because these materials are very unstable to oxygen or moisture, it is difficult to perform the process in the air, and furthermore, it is necessary to form an ultra-thin film of 0.5 to 3 nm, so that a very high quality film, i.e., the deposition process is not practical. It was impossible to implement. As a result, problems related to process productivity due to the high process cost and the inability to continuously process are emerging.
유기발광소자의 구성은 일함수(work function)가 높은 양극(anode)과 일함수가 낮은 음극(cathode) 사이에 발광층이 존재하는 형태이다. 일함수가 높은 양극에서는 정공(hole)이 주입(injection)되며, 반대로 낮은 음극에서는 전자(electron)가 주입된다. 주입된 정공과 전자는 각각 정공수송층(hole transport layer, HTL)과 전자수송층(electron transport layer, ETL)을 거쳐 효과적으로 발광층에 도달하게 되며 여기자(exciton)를 형성하는데, 여기자의 전자와 정공이 유기분자 내에서 재결합(recombination)하며 들뜬 상태(excited state)의 에너지 준위가 바닥 상태(ground state)로 안정화되며, 발광 현상이 발생하며, 이를 전계발광(electroluminescence, EL)이라 한다.The organic light emitting device has a structure in which a light emitting layer is present between an anode having a high work function and a cathode having a low work function. Holes are injected at the anode having a high work function, and electrons are injected at the low cathode. The injected holes and electrons reach the emission layer effectively through the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL), respectively, and form excitons, where the electrons and holes of the excitons are organic molecules. Recombination within the energy state of the excited state (excited state) is stabilized to the ground state (ground state), the light emitting phenomenon occurs, which is called electroluminescence (EL).
유기발광소자는 크게 발광층에 사용되는 유기재료의 분자량 및 크기에 따라 저분자 발광소자와 고분자 발광소자로 구분할 수가 있다. 최근의 동향을 보면, 고분자뿐만 아니라 저분자의 유기발광소자의 경우에도 액상공정 (solution process)이 가능하기 때문에 인쇄방법을 적용하려는 시도가 많아지고 있다. 용액공정으로는 잉크젯 인쇄, 롤투롤 코팅, 스크린 인쇄, 스프레이 코팅, 딥(dip) 코팅 등이 있다. 그러나, 양극 및 음극은 여전히 진공에서 스퍼터링이나 증착공정을 통해 제조되고 있다. 이 공정은 매우 비싼 공정장비가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 고진공 기술을 요구하므로, 생산성 및 제조단가 등의 여러 측면에서 보았을 때 진공증착 공정을 용액공정으로 대체해 나가는 것이 소자 제작에 있어서 나아가야 할 방향이다.Organic light emitting devices can be classified into low molecular weight light emitting devices and high molecular weight light emitting devices according to the molecular weight and size of organic materials used in the light emitting layer. In recent years, since a liquid process is possible not only for a polymer but also for a low-molecular organic light emitting device, there are many attempts to apply a printing method. Solution processes include inkjet printing, roll-to-roll coating, screen printing, spray coating and dip coating. However, anodes and cathodes are still manufactured by sputtering or deposition in vacuum. This process requires not only very expensive process equipment but also requires high vacuum technology. Therefore, in terms of productivity and manufacturing cost, replacing the vacuum deposition process with a solution process is a direction in the device fabrication.
전자주입층의 경우에는 LiF, CsF, NaF, Cs2CO3으로 만들어진 1 nm 내외의 초박막을 증착하여 형성하거나 또는 Ca, Li, Ba, Cs, Mg 등으로 만들어진 20nm 내외의 층으로 전자주입층을 이용하게 되는데 이러한 층은 음극의 추가적인 증착 시에도 외부 공기 중 산소와 수분 등에 매우 취약하여 소자의 수명을 단축하는 큰 문제점을 가지고 있으며 이들 재료는 공정 시 다루기가 쉽지 않다.The electron injection layer is formed by depositing an ultra thin film of about 1 nm made of LiF, CsF, NaF, and Cs2CO3, or using an electron injection layer as a layer of about 20 nm made of Ca, Li, Ba, Cs, Mg, or the like. Such a layer is very vulnerable to oxygen and moisture in the outside air even during the further deposition of the cathode, which has a big problem of shortening the life of the device, and these materials are not easy to handle during the process.
이와 더불어, 전자가 주입되는 음극으로는 일함수가 낮은 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 리튬(Li), 바륨(Ba), 알루미늄(Al) 등이 금속 상태, 또는 이들의 합금(alloy)이 사용되며 주로 증착 공정을 통해 층이 형성된다. 이들 금속물질은 일함수가 낮음으로 인해 대기 중에서 쉽게 산화되는 특성이 있기 때문에, 소자의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치는 순도가 높은 상태로 유지되기 위해서는, 보관의 방법이나 사용의 절차가 매우 까다롭고 많은 주의가 필요하다.In addition, as the cathode into which electrons are injected, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), lithium (Li), barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), etc. having a low work function are in a metal state or alloys thereof. This is used and the layer is formed mainly through the deposition process. Since these metal materials are easily oxidized in the air due to their low work function, in order to keep them in a state of high purity, which greatly affects the performance of the device, storage methods and procedures of use are very difficult and much care is required. Is needed.
특히, 전자주입층/음극 구조에서 최근 가장 많이 사용되는 조합인 LiF/Al와 같은 구조에서 초박막 전자주입층의 경우에는 0.5~2nm의 박막을 이용하기 때문에, 초박막 전자주입층이 적층될 하부층의 코팅막의 표면상태가 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 롤투롤 인쇄, 잉크젯 인쇄, 스크린 인쇄, 스프레이 코팅, 딥 코팅과 같은 용액공정으로는 충분한 코팅성능을 갖도록 하는 것이 용이하지 않으므로, 초박막 전자주입층을 용액공정에 적용하기는 상당한 난이도를 요한다고 볼 수 있다.In particular, since the thin film electron injection layer uses a thin film of 0.5 to 2 nm in a structure such as LiF / Al, which is the most frequently used combination in the electron injection layer / cathode structure, the coating layer of the lower layer on which the ultra thin electron injection layer is to be laminated The surface condition of is very important. Therefore, the solution process such as roll-to-roll printing, inkjet printing, screen printing, spray coating, dip coating, etc. is not easy to have sufficient coating performance, so applying the ultra-thin electron injection layer to the solution process requires considerable difficulty can see.
한편, 기존의 대부분의 저분자 또는 고분자 발광소자의 경우, 일함수가 낮은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토금속을 이용하여 음극을 고진공에서 증착하여 유기발광소자를 제조하고 있다. 대기 중에서의 안정성을 위해 일함수가 높은 금속을 음극으로 사용하는 경우에는, 유기발광소자의 성능이 현저히 저하되는 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 반대로 일함수가 낮은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토금속을 음극으로 사용하는 경우에는, 대기 중의 산소 및 수분에 쉽게 반응해 버리기 때문에 고순도를 유지하기가 어렵고, 공정 환경이 고진공 또는 불활성 기체 분위기를 유지해야만 했다.On the other hand, in the case of the existing low-molecular or high-molecular light emitting device, the organic light emitting device is manufactured by depositing the cathode in a high vacuum using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal having a low work function. In the case of using a metal having a high work function as a cathode for stability in the atmosphere, there is a problem that the performance of the organic light emitting device is significantly reduced. On the contrary, when an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal having a low work function is used as a cathode, it is difficult to maintain high purity because it easily reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air, and the process environment has to maintain a high vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.
이로 인하여, 최근에는 은(Ag), 금(Au), 알루미늄(Al)과 같이 다양한 금속을 이용하여 제조된 음극을 사용하는 경우에, 전자주입층이나 전자수송층에 첨가제를 추가하여 코팅하여 유기발광소자의 성능이 저하되는 것을 방지하고자 하는 시도가 행해지고 있다.For this reason, recently, in the case of using a cathode manufactured using various metals such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), and aluminum (Al), an organic light emission is obtained by adding an additive to the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer. Attempts have been made to prevent the performance of the device from deteriorating.
본 출원인은 공개특허공보 제10-2011-0128605호(공개일자: 2011.11.30)에서 용액공정에 의해 쉽게 제작이 가능하고 고온 열처리 공정을 필요로 하지 않으며 발광효율을 개선시킬 수 있는 ZnO 나노입자와 이온기를 포함하는 유기발광소자에 대한 특허를 제안하였으며, 본 발명은 이러한 종래의 유기발광소자를 개량하여 전 공정의 용액화를 도모하며 고효율의 유기발광소자를 제안하고자 하는 것이다.
The present applicant in the Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0128605 (published date: 2011.11.30) ZnO nanoparticles that can be easily manufactured by a solution process, does not require a high temperature heat treatment process and can improve the luminous efficiency and A patent for an organic light emitting device including an ionic group has been proposed, and the present invention is intended to propose a highly efficient organic light emitting device by improving the conventional organic light emitting device to achieve solution of the entire process.
따라서 본 발명에서는 이와 같은 전자주입층의 대기 중 안정성 문제를 극복하여 공정의 용액화를 이끌어내고, 최종적으로는 여러가지 금속성 재료 ?? 산화 금속 재료, 유기 금속 잉크, 혹은 금속 나노입자 잉크 ?? 를 이용한 전극의 용액화를 구현함과 동시에 고효율의 새로운 유기발광소자를 제공하고자 한다.
Therefore, the present invention overcomes the above-mentioned stability problem in the atmosphere of the electron injection layer and leads to solution of the process, and finally various metallic materials. Metal oxide materials, organometallic inks, or metal nanoparticle inks; The present invention is to provide a new organic light emitting device of high efficiency while implementing a solution of the electrode using.
이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 유기발광소자는 유리 또는 유연성이 있는 플라스틱으로 형성된 기판과; 상기 기판 상에 형성된 양극과; 상기 양극 상에 형성된 정공수송층과; 상기 정공수송층 상에 형성된 발광층과; 상기 발광층 상에 형성되고, ZnO 나노입자를 포함하는 전자수송층과; 상기 전자수송층 상에 형성되고, 자기조립단분자막을 형성하거는 표면개질층과; 상기 표면개질층 상에 형성된 음극에 의해 달성된다.The organic light emitting device according to the present invention for achieving this object comprises a substrate formed of glass or plastic having flexibility; An anode formed on the substrate; A hole transport layer formed on the anode; An emission layer formed on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer formed on the emission layer and including ZnO nanoparticles; A surface modification layer formed on the electron transport layer and forming a self-assembled monolayer; It is achieved by the cathode formed on the surface modification layer.
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 양극은, ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), FTO(Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide), ATO(Antimony Tin Oxide), AZO(Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide) 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 투명 금속산화물을 이용하여 증착공정 또는 액상공정을 통해 형성되거나, 나노와이어를 용매 상에 분산시켜 용액공정을 이용하여 제작한 망사형(mesh type)의 전극을 형성해 투과도가 높은 투명전극을 형성시키거나, 유전체(dielectric)/금속(metal)/유전체 구조의 투명다층전극(transparent multilayer electrode)을 이용하여 투과도를 높인 투명전극을 형성시켜서 만드는 것 중의 어느 하나에 의해 제조된 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the anode is indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Transparent metal oxide containing any one is formed through a deposition process or a liquid phase process, or by dispersing a nanowire on a solvent to form a mesh type electrode (mesh type) manufactured by using a solution process, transparent having high transparency Manufactured by any one of forming an electrode or forming a transparent electrode having a high transmittance using a transparent multilayer electrode of a dielectric / metal / dielectric structure. do.
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 정공수송층은, PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly(styrene sulfonate), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole), TFB(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine)), a-NPD(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD(N,N'-Bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-Bis-phenyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine)중에서 어느 하나를 이용하여 액상으로 용해하여 인쇄공정과 같은 용액공정이 적용 가능한 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the hole transport layer is PEDOT: PSS (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly (styrene sulfonate)), PVK (poly (9-vinylcarbazole), TFB (poly (9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2) , 7-diyl) -co- (4,4 '(N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)), a-NPD (N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD (N, N'-Bis- (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-Bis-phenyl (1,1'-biphenyl) -4,4 It is characterized in that a solution process such as printing process is applicable by dissolving to liquid phase using any one of '-diamine).
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 제1항에 있어서, 상기 발광층은, PPV(poly(p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP(poly(p-phenylene)), PT(polythiophene), PF(polyfluorene), PFO(polyfluorene), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole) 중 어느 하나와 그 유도체인 고분자 재료로 형성되거나, 알루미늄(Al) 착화합물 계열, 이리듐(Ir) 착화합물 계열 또는 백금(Pt) 착화합물 계열인 금속 착화합물을 포함하는 저분자 재료로 형성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the light emitting layer is PPV (poly (p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP (poly (p-phenylene)), PT (polythiophene), PF (polyfluorene), PFO ( polyfluorene), PVK (poly (9-vinylcarbazole), any one of its derivatives, or a polymer material containing an aluminum (Al) complex, an iridium (Ir) complex or a platinum (Pt) complex. It is characterized by being formed of a low molecular material.
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 표면 개질층은, BA(benzoic acid) 계열의 자기조립 단분자층(self-assembled monolayer, SAM)으로 이루어지거나, 계면활성제 또는 고분자 전해질을 극성 용매나 비극성 용매에 용해시킨 용액을 코팅한 후에 자기조립 단분자층을 복층(bilayer)으로 형성하거나, 상기 자기조립 단분자층과 계면활성제를 혼합시켜 단일층(monolayer)으로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하며, 보다 바람직하게는 상기 BA계열의 물질은 BA-H(benzoic acid), BA-CH3(4-methylbenzoicacidorp-Toluicacidorp-toluate),BA-OCH3(4-Methoxybenzoicacid),BA-SH(4-Mercaptobenzoicacidor4-carboxythiophenol),BA-CF3(4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoicacid),BA-CN(benzonitrile)에 해당하거나, 또는 상기 표면개질층은, 계면활성제 또는 고분자 전해질 용액에 알칼리 금속이나 알칼리 토금속 이온 및 이들의 염을 포함하거나 또는 유기 양이온을 포함하는 유기재료가 더 첨가되거나, 상기 계면활성제는 에틸렌 옥사이드(ethylene oxide)를 가지는 비이온성(non-ionic)이고, 상기 고분자 전해질은 상기 계면 활성제의 고분자 중합체인 PEO(polyethylene oxide), PEG(polyethylene glycol)인 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the surface modification layer is composed of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a benzoic acid (BA) series, or a surfactant or a polymer electrolyte is dissolved in a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent. After coating the solution, the self-assembled monolayer is formed into a bilayer, or the self-assembled monolayer and a surfactant are mixed to form a monolayer. More preferably, the BA-based material is BA -H (benzoic acid), BA-CH 3 (4-methylbenzoicacidorp-Toluicacidorp-toluate), BA-OCH 3 (4-Methoxybenzoicacid), BA-SH (4-Mercaptobenzoicacidor4-carboxythiophenol), BA-CF 3 (4- ( Trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid), BA-CN (benzonitrile), or the surface modification layer includes alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions and salts thereof in a surfactant or polymer electrolyte solution, or an organic cation Further comprising an organic material is added, or the surfactant is non-ionic (non-ionic) having ethylene oxide (ethylene oxide), the polymer electrolyte is a polymer polymer of the surfactant (PEO (polyethylene oxide), PEG (polyethylene) glycol).
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 전자수송층은 ZnO 나노파티클과 ZnO:Cs, ZnO:Li, ZnO:Mg, ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ca, ZnO:Na, ZnO:Ba의 화합물을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the electron transport layer forms a compound of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO: Cs, ZnO: Li, ZnO: Mg, ZnO: Al, ZnO: Ca, ZnO: Na, ZnO: Ba It is done.
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 음극은, 고상의 금속을 진공에서 증착공정을 통해 형성되거나, 금속이 이온화된 형태, 또는 금속이 액체 속에서 콜로이드화된 형태인 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노잉크를 이용하여 대기 중에서 용액공정을 통해 형성되고, 상기 금속은 은(Ag), 알루미늄(Al), 금(Au), 니켈(Ni), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 리튬(Li), 세슘(Cs) 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, in the present invention, the cathode is formed of an organic metal ink or a metal nano ink in which a solid metal is formed through a vacuum deposition process, a metal ionized form, or a metal colloidal form in a liquid. It is formed through a solution process in the air, and the metal is silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), lithium (Li), cesium It is characterized by any of (Cs).
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, 상기 기판은, PET(polyethylene terephthalate), PES(polyester), PT(polythiophene) 또는 PI(polyimide) 중 어느 하나인 플라스틱으로 형성되거나, 알루미늄 포일, 또는 스테인레스 스틸 포일인 유연한 재료로 형성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Preferably, in the present invention, the substrate is formed of a plastic which is any one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester (PES), polythiophene (PT), or polyimide (PI), aluminum foil, or stainless steel foil. It is characterized by being formed of a material.
본 발명에 따른 유기발광소자는, 유리 또는 유연성이 있는 플라스틱으로 형성된 기판과; 상기 기판 상에 형성된 양극과; 상기 양극 상에 형성된 정공수송층과; 상기 정공수송층 상에 형성된 발광층과; 상기 발광층 상에 형성되고, ZnO 나노입자를 포함하는 전자수송층과; 상기 전자수송층 상에 형성되며, 자기조립단분자막을 형성하는 표면개질층과; 상기 표면개질층 상에 형성된 음극으로 구성되어, 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노입자잉크와 같이 용액화 되어있는 금속 소재를 이용하여 전극을 구성하기 위해서 음극과 전자수송층 사이에 자기조립단분자막을 표면개질층으로써 새로이 적용시킴으로써, 자기조립단분자막이 이미 형성된 전자주입층과 형성되기 전의 음극 사이에 새로운 층을 형성하여 용액화 되어있는 금속 소재가 새로운 층을 형성하는 과정에서 분자 간의 강한 인력에 의한 옴 접촉(ohmic contact)을 형성하여 용액공정으로 완성된 소자가 층간에서 에너지 손실 없이, 충분한 발광 효율을 얻을 수 있는 효과가 있다.
An organic light emitting device according to the present invention comprises a substrate formed of glass or plastic having flexibility; An anode formed on the substrate; A hole transport layer formed on the anode; An emission layer formed on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer formed on the emission layer and including ZnO nanoparticles; A surface modification layer formed on the electron transport layer and forming a self-assembled monolayer; The self-assembled monolayer film is formed between the cathode and the electron transport layer to form an electrode by using a metal material which is composed of a cathode formed on the surface modification layer, such as an organometallic ink or a metal nanoparticle ink. The new application forms a new layer between the electron injection layer in which the self-assembled monolayer is already formed and the cathode before formation, thereby making ohmic contact due to strong attraction between molecules in the process of forming a new layer of the liquefied metal material. ) And the device completed by the solution process has an effect that can obtain a sufficient luminous efficiency, without losing energy between layers.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 유기발광소자의 단면 구성도,
도 2는 본 발명의 유기발광소자에 있어서, 표면개질층의 자기조립단분자층 형성을 위하여 BA계열로 사용 가능한 물질의 구조식들.1 is a cross-sectional configuration of an organic light emitting device according to the present invention,
2 is a structural formula of a material that can be used as a BA series to form a self-assembled monolayer of the surface modification layer in the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
본 발명은 산화아연(ZnO) 나노입자(nanoparticle, NP) 및 이온기를 포함하는 유기발광소자를 용액공정으로 쉽게 형성할 수 있고, 이온성 전자주입물질과 전자의 이동도가 큰 ZnO 나노결정을 전자주입/전자수송 복합층을 이용하므로 유기발광소자의 발광효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. The present invention can easily form an organic light emitting device including zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) and ionic groups by a solution process, and the ZnO nanocrystals with large ionic electron injection material and electron mobility Since the injection / electron transport composite layer is used, the luminous efficiency of the organic light emitting device can be improved.
또한, 본 발명은 친수성의 표면을 갖는 ZnO 나노파티클을 포함하는 전자수송층이 그 위에 성막될 이온기를 가지는 이온성의 전자주입 재료 또는 금속이온이 용해된 극성 용액이 코팅되기에 표면이 매우 적합한 특성을 갖게 하여, 용액공정으로 유기발광소자를 제조하기에 코팅성능이 매우 우수하다.In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the electron transport layer including the ZnO nanoparticles having a hydrophilic surface has a very suitable property for coating a polar solution in which an ionic electron injection material or a metal ion is dissolved having an ionic group to be deposited thereon. As a result, the coating performance of the organic light emitting device is very excellent.
한편, ZnO 나노입자층이 내부 유기발광층을 외부 공기로부터 수분이나 산소의 침투를 막아 보호하는 배리어(barrier) 역할을 하며, 초박막의 표면개질층, 전자주입층을 이용할 경우에도 롤투롤 인쇄, 잉크젯 인쇄, 스크린 인쇄, 스프레이 코팅, 딥 코팅과 같은 용액공정으로 제조되는 다소 거친 코팅막의 표면에 대하여 ZnO 나노파티클 층이 거친 표면을 평탄화 하여 초박막 전자주입층이 용이하게 성막하는 것을 목적으로 한다.On the other hand, the ZnO nanoparticle layer acts as a barrier to protect the internal organic light emitting layer by preventing the penetration of moisture or oxygen from the outside air, and roll-to-roll printing, inkjet printing, ZnO nanoparticle layer is planarized on the surface of a rather rough coating film produced by a solution process such as screen printing, spray coating, dip coating, and the like, and an ultra-thin electron injection layer is easily formed.
뿐만 아니라 고온 열처리공정을 수행하지 않아 열에 약한 발광 유기물에 나쁜 영향을 주지 않으며, Ag, Au, Al, ITO 과 같은 일함수가 큰 재료를 음극으로 사용하여도 고효율의 유기발광소자가 가능해 진다. 특히, 전극으로 널리 쓰이는 소재인 알루미늄(Al)의 경우 대기 중에서 산소에 매우 취약하다. 산소와의 반응성이 높아 아주 미량의 산소 성분만 있어도 반응하기 때문에, 대기 중에 조금이라도 노출되면 쉽게 산화되어버린다. 이러한 특성은, 용액 공정을 수행하기 위해서 금속을 잉크화하려면 나노입자와 같이 표면적이 극대화되는 접근이 필요하기 때문에, 높은 반응성은 폭발의 위험이 있다. 더불어, 상기에 언급된 음극용 소재들은 기본적으로 성막공정에 있어서 용액화가 된 사례가 없기 때문에 이에 대한 용액화가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 궁극적으로는 소자를 제조가 쉬운 인쇄공정과 같은 용액공정을 이용하여 저렴하게 제조할 수가 있다.In addition, since the high temperature heat treatment process is not performed, it does not adversely affect the light emitting organic material that is weak in heat, and even when a material having a large work function such as Ag, Au, Al, or ITO is used as the cathode, a high efficiency organic light emitting device is possible. In particular, aluminum (Al), a material widely used as an electrode, is very vulnerable to oxygen in the atmosphere. Because of its high reactivity with oxygen, it reacts even with a very small amount of oxygen, so it is easily oxidized when exposed to the air at all. This property is highly responsive to explosion because of the need for an approach that maximizes the surface area, such as nanoparticles, to ink the metal to perform the solution process. In addition, since the materials for the negative electrode mentioned above are basically not liquefied in the film forming process, there is an urgent need for liquefaction thereof. Ultimately, the device can be manufactured inexpensively using a solution process such as a printing process that is easy to manufacture.
따라서 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노입자잉크와 같이 용액화 되어있는 금속 소재를 이용하여 전극을 구성하기 위해서 음극과 전자수송층 사이에 자기조립단분자막(self-assembled monolayer, SAM)을 표면개질층(surface reforming layer, SRL)으로써 새로이 적용시킨다. SAM이 이미 형성된 전자주입층과 형성되기 전의 음극 사이에 새로운 층을 형성함으로써 용액화 되어있는 금속 소재가 새로운 층을 형성하는 과정에서 분자 간의 강한 인력에 의한 옴 접촉(ohmic contact)을 형성하여 용액공정으로 완성된 소자가 층간에서 에너지 손실 없이, 충분한 발광 효율을 얻을 수 있는 구조를 완성할 수가 있다.
Therefore, in order to form an electrode using a metal material that is liquefied, such as an organometallic ink or a metal nanoparticle ink, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is formed between a cathode and an electron transport layer. , SRL). By forming a new layer between the electron injection layer where the SAM has already been formed and the cathode before formation, a solution process is performed by forming an ohmic contact due to strong attraction between molecules in the process of forming a new layer of the liquefied metal material. The completed element can achieve a structure in which sufficient luminous efficiency can be obtained without energy loss between layers.
이하, 본 발명의 실시예를 첨부 도면을 참고하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명의 고분자 유기발광소자의 단면 구성을 보여주고 있다.Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the polymer organic light emitting device of the present invention.
도 1을 참고하면, 본 발명의 유기발광소자는 유리 또는 유연성이 있는 플라스틱으로 형성된 기판(110)과; 상기 기판(110) 상에 형성된 양극(120)과; 상기 양극(120) 상에 형성된 정공수송층(130)과; 상기 정공수송층(130) 상에 형성된 발광층(140)과; 상기 발광층(140) 상에 형성되고, ZnO 나노입자를 포함하는 전자수송층(150)과; 상기 전자수송층(150) 상에 형성되며, 자기조립단분자막을 형성하는 표면개질층(160)과; 상기 표면개질층(160) 상에 형성된 음극(170)으로 구성될 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 1, the organic light emitting diode of the present invention includes a
기판(110)은 유리 또는 유연성이 있는 플라스틱으로 형성된다. The
기판(110)이 유연성이 있는 플라스틱일 경우, PET(polyethylene terephthalate), PES (polyester), PT(polythiophene), PI(polyimide) 중에서 어느 하나의 플라스틱으로 형성되거나, 알루미늄 포일(aluminum foil), 또는 스테인리스 스틸 포일(stainless steel foil)과 같은 유연한 재료가 사용될 수 있다. 여기서, 유연성이 있는 플라스틱으로 형성된 기판(110)은 기판(110) 상에 소정의 층들을 롤투롤 인쇄(roll to roll printing)를 이용하여 형성하는 경우에 이용된다.When the
양극(120)은 기판(100) 상에 형성되고, 전도성 고분자 물질, SWCNT(single-walled carbon nanotubes) 또는 MWCNT(multi-walled carbon nanotubes)로 구성되어 정공을 발생시킨다. 한편, 양극(120)의 경우 ITO(indiumtin oxide)라는 금속 산화물을 대부분 이용한다. 그러나, 인듐은 지구상에 매장량이 적어 고가인 희귀금속이며, 진공에서 스퍼터링(sputtering)하여 적층된다. 따라서, 양극(120)을 용액 및 인쇄 공정을 통하여 형성하기 위해서는, 전극재료가 액체상(solution)이거나 인쇄 가능한 페이스트(paste) 형태가 바람직하다. ITO는 졸-겔(solgel) 합성법 또는 스프레이 분해(spray pyrolysis)를 통하여 액체로 만들 수 있다. 그러나, 위 방식은 400℃ 이상의 고온이 요구되므로, 유연한 기판(110)을 사용하는 유연한 유기발광소자의 제조 시에는, 적용할 수 없는 단점을 가지고 있다. 유리 기판(120)을 이용할 경우에는 고온공정이 가능하므로, ITO 졸-겔(sol-gel) 용액을 이용하는 것도 가능하다.The
예를 들어, 본 발명에서 양극(120)은, ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), FTO(Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide), ATO(Antimony Tin Oxide), AZO(Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide) 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 투명 금속산화물을 이용하여 증착공정 또는 액상공정을 통해 형성되거나, 나노와이어를 용매 상에 분산시켜 용액공정을 이용하여 제작한 망사형(mesh type)의 전극을 형성해 투과도가 높은 투명전극을 형성시키거나, 유전체(dielectric)/금속(metal)/유전체 구조의 투명다층전극(transparent multilayer electrode)을 이용하여 투과도를 높인 투명전극을 형성시켜서 만드는 것 중의 어느 하나에 의해 제조될 수 있다.For example, in the present invention, the
정공수송층(130)은 양극(120)의 상부에 형성되며, 양극(120)에서 발생된 정공을 주입하여 발광층(140)으로 수송하는 기능을 하며, 발광층(140)과 양극(120) 사이에 형성된다.The
정공수송층(130)은 PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly(styrene sulfonate), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole), TFB(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine)), a-NPD(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD(N,N'-Bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-Bis-phenyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine)중에서 어느 하나를 이용하여 액상으로 용해하여 인쇄공정과 같은 용액공정이 적용 가능하다.The
발광층(140)은 정공수송층(130)의 상부에 형성되며, 음극(1170)과 양극(120)으로부터 주입 및 이송된 전자와 정공이 재결합(recombination)에 의해 발광이 이루어지며, 발광물질로는 용액화가 가능한 저분자 또는 고분자의 재료가 이용될 수 있다.The
이러한 발광층(140)으로는 PPV(poly(p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP(poly(p-phenylene)), PT(polythiophene), PF(polyfluorene), PFO(polyfluorene), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole) 중 어느 하나와 그 유도체인 고분자 재료로 형성되거나, 알루미늄(Al) 착화합물 계열, 이리듐(Ir) 착화합물 계열 또는 백금(Pt) 착화합물 계열인 금속 착화합물을 포함하는 저분자 재료가 이용될 수 있다.The
전자수송층(150)은 전자를 발광층(140)으로 이동시키는 층으로 발광층(140) 상부에 형성되며, 금속이온을 이용하여 형성되고, 금속이온이 전자수송층의 ZnO 나노파티클과 ZnO:Cs, ZnO:Li, ZnO:Mg, ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ca, ZnO:Na, ZnO:Ba의 화합물을 형성할 수 있다.The
표면개질층(160)은 음극(170)과 전자수송층(150)의 사이에 형성되며, 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노입자잉크와 같이 용액화되어 있는 금속 소재를 이용하여 전극을 구성하기 위해서 자기조립단분자막(self-assembled monolayer;SAM)이 표면개질층으로 이용된다. The
이러한 표면개질층(160)으로는 BA(benzoic acid) 계열의 자기조립 단분자층(self-assembled monolayer, SAM)으로 이루어지거나, 계면활성제 또는 고분자 전해질을 극성 용매나 비극성 용매에 용해시킨 용액을 코팅한 후에 자기조립 단분자층을 복층(bilayer)으로 형성하거나, 상기 자기조립 단분자층과 계면활성제를 혼합시켜 단일층(monolayer)으로 이루어질 수 있다.The
바람직하게는 본 발명에 있어서, BA계열의 물질은 BA-H(benzoic acid), BA-CH3(4-methylbenzoicacidorp-Toluicacidorp-toluate),BA-OCH3(4-Methoxybenzoicacid),BA-SH(4-Mercaptobenzoicacidor4-carboxythiophenol),BA-CF3(4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoicacid),BA-CN(benzonitrile)에 해당하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Preferably, in the present invention, the BA-based material is BA-H (benzoic acid), BA-CH 3 (4-methylbenzoic acidorp-Toluicacidorp-toluate), BA-OCH 3 (4-Methoxybenzoicacid), BA-SH (4 -Mercaptobenzoic acidor 4-carboxythiophenol), BA-CF 3 (4- (Trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid), BA-CN (benzonitrile) is characterized by.
또한 본 발명에 있어서, 표면개질층은, 알칼리 금속이나 알칼리 토금속 이온 및 이들의 염을 포함하거나 또는 암모늄이온과 같은 유기 양이온을 포함하는 유기재료를 이온기로 가지고 있는 이온성 고분자 재료를 이용하여 형성될 수 있다.In addition, in the present invention, the surface modification layer may be formed using an ionic polymer material having an organic material containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions and salts thereof, or an organic material containing an organic cation such as ammonium ion as an ion group. Can be.
음극(170)은 표면개질층(160)의 상부에 형성되며, 고상의 금속을 진공에서 증착공정을 통해 형성되거나, 금속이 이온화된 형태, 또는 금속이 액체 속에서 콜로이드화된 형태인 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노잉크를 이용하여 대기 중에서 용액공정을 통해 형성되고, 금속은 은(Ag), 알루미늄(Al), 금(Au), 니켈(Ni), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 리튬(Li), 세슘(Cs) 중 어느 하나에 의해 제공될 수 있다.
The
실시예Example
본 발명의 구체적인 실시예는 다음과 같다. Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
- 양극: 유리 기판 상에 코팅된 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)로 제조하며, 3개의 비이커에 각각 탈 이온수, 아세톤, 이소프로필 알코올(isopropyl alcohol, IPA)을 넣어 초음파 세척기로 이물질을 제거한 후 자외선 오존램프를 이용하여 세정 및 표면처리.-Anode: It is made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) coated on the glass substrate. Deionized water, acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) are put in three beakers to remove foreign substances with ultrasonic cleaner and then UV ozone lamp Cleaning and surface treatment.
- 정공수송층: ITO 양극 상에 PEDOT:PSS 용액을 떨어뜨리고, 스핀코팅 후 열처리(baking).Hole transport layer: PEDOT: PSS solution is dropped on the ITO anode, followed by spin coating and baking.
- 발광층: 발광고분자 PDY-130(super yellow, S.Y.)를 톨루엔 용매에 녹여 스핀코팅 후 열처리.-Light emitting layer: The light emitting polymer PDY-130 (super yellow, S.Y.) is dissolved in toluene solvent and spin-coated and heat treated.
- 전자수송층: ZnO NP를 1-부탄올(butanol)에 분산시켜 넣고, 스핀코팅한 후 열처리.Electron transport layer: ZnO NP is dispersed in 1-butanol, spin-coated and heat treated.
- 표면개질층: 암모늄 이온을 포함하는 이온성 전해액(절해질, 용매, 전해이온)을 이용하여PEO(polyethyleneoxide)을 전해질로, TBABF4(trtra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate)를 전해이온으로 사용하여, 용매인 MeCN(acetonitile)에 용해한 후 스핀코팅하여 열처리한 후에 BA(benzoic acid) 계열의 자기조립 단분자층(self-assembled monolayer, SAM)을 에탄올에 용해시켜 스핀코팅.Surface modifying layer: PEO (polyethyleneoxide) as an electrolyte using an ionic electrolyte solution (sulfate, solvent, electrolytic ion) containing ammonium ion, and TBABF4 (trtra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate) as an electrolyte After dissolving in MeCN (acetonitile), spin coating and heat treatment, spin coating by dissolving BA (benzoic acid) series self-assembled monolayer (SAM) in ethanol.
- 음극: 표면개질층 상에 은(Ag), 알루미늄(Al), 금(Au), 니켈(Ni), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 리튬(Li), 세슘(Cs) 등의 고상 금속재를 증착하거나 용액 상태의 잉크 재료로 스핀코팅.-Cathode: Solid phase such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), etc. on the surface modification layer Deposition of metal or spin coating with ink material in solution.
상기 정공수송층에 있어서, 적용이 가능한 재료는 PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly(styrene sulfonate), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole), TFB(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine)), CuPc(Copper Phthalocyanine), 또는 a-NPD(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD(N,N'-Bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-Bis-phenyl (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine)이며, 이 중에 하나를 이용하여 액상으로 용해하여 인쇄공정과 같은 용액 공정이 수행 가능하다.In the hole transport layer, applicable materials are PEDOT: PSS (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly (styrene sulfonate)), PVK (poly (9-vinylcarbazole), TFB (poly (9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7) -diyl) -co- (4,4 '(N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)), CuPc (Copper Phthalocyanine), or a-NPD (N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD (N, N'-Bis- (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-Bis-phenyl (1,1'-biphenyl ) -4,4'-diamine), which can be dissolved in a liquid phase using one of them to perform a solution process such as a printing process.
상기 발광층에 있어서, PPV(poly(p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP(poly(p-phenylene)), PT(polythiophene), PF(polyfluorene), PFO(poly(9.9-dioctylfluorene), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole) 중 어느 하나와 그 유도체인 고분자 재료로 형성되거나, Alq3 (Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium)와 같은 Al 착화합물 계열, Ir(ppy)3 (Iridium tris(2-phenylpyidine))과 같은 Ir 착화합물 계열 또는 PtOEP(Platinum octaethylporphine)와 같은 Pt 착화합물 계열인 금속 착화합물을 포함하는 저분자 재료로 형성된다.In the light emitting layer, PPV (poly (p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP (poly (p-phenylene)), PT (polythiophene), PF (polyfluorene), PFO (poly (9.9-dioctylfluorene), PVK (poly (9- any of vinylcarbazole) and derivatives thereof, or complexes of Al complexes such as Alq3 (Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminium), Ir complexes such as Ir (ppy) 3 (Iridium tris (2-phenylpyidine)) Or it is formed of a low molecular material containing a metal complex of the Pt complex, such as platinum octaethylporphine (PtOEP).
상기 표면개질층에 있어서, 자기조립 단분자층 형성을 위한 BA(benzoic acid) 계열의 사용할 수 있는데, 가능한 물질은 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 BA-H(benzoic acid), BA-CH3(4-methylbenzoicacidorp-Toluicacidorp-toluate), BA-OCH3(4-Methoxybenzoicacid), BA-SH(4-Mercaptobenzoicacidor4-carboxythiophenol), BA-CF3(4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoicacid), BA-CN(4-carboxylic benzonitrile)등이 존재한다. In the surface modification layer, BA (benzoic acid) series may be used to form self-assembled monolayers. Possible materials include BA-H (benzoic acid) and BA-CH 3 (4-methylbenzoicacidorp) as shown in FIG. 2. -Toluicacidorp-toluate), BA-OCH 3 (4-Methoxybenzoicacid), BA-SH (4-Mercaptobenzoicacidor4-carboxythiophenol), BA-CF3 (4- (Trifluoromethyl) benzoicacid), BA-CN (4-carboxylic benzonitrile) exist.
표면개질층이 소자의 효율을 증진시키는 원리는 구체적으로 BA-X의 카르복실기(-COOH) 부분이 전자수송층의 ZnO 나노입자와 결합하고, 반대편의 X에 해당하는 부분이 음극의 소재로 쓰이는 여러가지 금속 물잘과 강한 인력에 의해 결합을 함으로써 음극과 전자수송층 사이에 옴접촉(ohmic contact)을 이끌어내게 된다. The principle that the surface modification layer improves the efficiency of the device is that the carboxyl group (-COOH) portion of BA-X is bonded to ZnO nanoparticles of the electron transport layer, and the X corresponding portion on the opposite side is used as the material of the cathode. Coupling by water droplets and strong attraction leads to ohmic contact between the cathode and the electron transport layer.
이는 상이한 두 재료 사이에서 발생할 수 있는 전자이동률의 감소를 완화하고, 궁극적으로는 발광효율을 극대화시킬 수 있다. 이러한 BA 계열의 자기조립 단분자층은 단독으로 형성되어 표면개질층으로 형성될 수가 있으며, 기존의 계면활성제 또는 고분자 전해질을 용매에 용해시킨 용액으로 형성된 층상에 추가적으로 형성되어 기능할 수도 있다. 또는, 자기조립 단분자층과 계면활성제/고분자전해질 용매를 혼합시켜 단일층으로써 표면개질층을 형성하는 공정도 가능하다This can alleviate the reduction in electron transfer rate that can occur between two different materials and ultimately maximize the luminous efficiency. The BA-based self-assembled monolayer may be formed alone and may be formed as a surface modification layer, and may be additionally formed on a layer formed of a solution in which a conventional surfactant or polymer electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent. Alternatively, a process of forming a surface modification layer as a single layer by mixing a self-assembled monolayer and a surfactant / polymer electrolyte solvent is also possible.
본 발명에서는, 기존의 음극(160)으로 사용되는 금속물질을 용액 또는 페이스트 공정으로 음극(160)을 형성시킬 수 있다. 은(Ag), 알루미늄(Al), 금(Au), 니켈(Ni) 등을 포함한 음극은 이온화된 상태(유기금속잉크) 또는 나노입자 상태(나노입자잉크)의 성분을 포함하는 용액을 이용한 용액공정으로 형성될 수 있다.
In the present invention, the metal material used as the
이상에서 설명한 본 발명은 전술한 실시예 및 첨부된 도면에 의해 한정되는 것이 아니고, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 여러 가지 치환, 변형 및 변경이 가능함은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 명백할 것이다.
The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be evident to those who have knowledge of.
110 : 기판 120 : 양극
130 : 정공수송층 140 : 발광층
150 : 전자수송층 160 : 표면개질층
170 : 음극110: substrate 120: anode
130: hole transport layer 140: light emitting layer
150: electron transport layer 160: surface modification layer
170: cathode
Claims (9)
상기 기판상에 형성된 양극과;
상기 양극 상에 형성된 정공수송층과;
상기 정공수송층 상에 형성된 발광층과;
상기 발광층 상에 형성되고, ZnO 나노입자를 포함하는 전자수송층과;
상기 전자수송층 상에 형성되고, 자기조립단분자막을 형성하는 표면개질층과;
상기 표면개질층 상에 형성된 음극;으로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자. A substrate formed of glass or flexible plastic;
An anode formed on the substrate;
A hole transport layer formed on the anode;
An emission layer formed on the hole transport layer;
An electron transport layer formed on the emission layer and including ZnO nanoparticles;
A surface modification layer formed on the electron transport layer and forming a self-assembled monolayer;
An organic light emitting device comprising: a cathode formed on the surface modification layer.
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), FTO(Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide), ATO(Antimony Tin Oxide), AZO(Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide) 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 투명 금속산화물을 이용하여 증착공정 또는 액상공정을 통해 형성되거나,
나노와이어를 용매 상에 분산시켜 용액공정을 이용하여 제작한 망사형(mesh type)의 전극을 형성해 투과도가 높은 투명전극을 형성시키거나,
유전체(dielectric)/금속(metal)/유전체 구조의 투명다층전극(transparent multilayer electrode)을 이용하여 투과도를 높인 투명전극을 형성시켜서 만드는 것 중의 어느 하나에 의해 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the anode,
Deposition using a transparent metal oxide including any one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO) Formed through a process or a liquid phase process,
The nanowires are dispersed on a solvent to form a mesh type electrode manufactured by using a solution process to form a transparent electrode having high transmittance,
An organic light emitting device, which is manufactured by forming a transparent electrode having high transmittance by using a transparent multilayer electrode having a dielectric, metal, or dielectric structure.
PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly(styrene sulfonate), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole), TFB(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine)), a-NPD(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TPD(N,N'-Bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-Bis-phenyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine)중에서 어느 하나를 이용하여 액상으로 용해하여 인쇄공정과 같은 용액공정이 적용 가능한 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the hole transport layer
PEDOT: PSS (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophere poly (styrene sulfonate), PVK (poly (9-vinylcarbazole), TFB (poly (9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) -co- (4,4 ') (N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)), a-NPD (N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine ) Or TPD (N, N'-Bis- (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-Bis-phenyl (1,1'-biphenyl) -4,4'-diamine) The organic light emitting device, characterized in that the solution process, such as printing process is applicable.
PPV(poly(p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP(poly(p-phenylene)), PT(polythiophene), PF(polyfluorene), PFO(polyfluorene), PVK(poly(9-vinylcarbazole) 중 어느 하나와 그 유도체인 고분자 재료로 형성되거나, 알루미늄(Al) 착화합물 계열, 이리듐(Ir) 착화합물 계열 또는 백금(Pt) 착화합물 계열인 금속 착화합물을 포함하는 저분자 재료로 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting layer
PPV (poly (p-phenylenevinylene)), PPP (poly (p-phenylene)), PT (polythiophene), PF (polyfluorene), PFO (polyfluorene), PVK (poly (9-vinylcarbazole) and its derivatives An organic light emitting device, which is formed of a high molecular material or a low molecular material containing a metal complex of an aluminum (Al) complex, an iridium (Ir) complex or a platinum (Pt) complex.
BA(benzoic acid) 계열의 자기조립 단분자층(self-assembled monolayer, SAM)으로 이루어지거나,
계면활성제 또는 고분자 전해질을 극성 용매나 비극성 용매에 용해시킨 용액을 코팅한 후에 자기조립 단분자층을 복층(bilayer)으로 형성하거나,
상기 자기조립 단분자층과 계면활성제를 혼합시켜 단일층(monolayer)으로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the surface modification layer,
It consists of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of BA (benzoic acid) series,
After coating a solution in which a surfactant or a polymer electrolyte is dissolved in a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent, a self-assembled monolayer is formed into a bilayer, or
The organic light emitting device, characterized in that consisting of a monolayer (monolayer) by mixing the self-assembled monolayer and the surfactant.
고상의 금속을 진공에서 증착공정을 통해 형성되거나,
금속이 이온화된 형태, 또는 금속이 액체 속에서 콜로이드화된 형태인 유기금속잉크 또는 금속나노잉크를 이용하여 대기 중에서 용액공정을 통해 형성되고,
상기 금속은 은(Ag), 알루미늄(Al), 금(Au), 니켈(Ni), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 리튬(Li), 세슘(Cs) 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the cathode,
Solid metal is formed by vacuum deposition, or
It is formed through a solution process in the air using an organometallic ink or a metal nano-ink in which the metal is ionized, or the metal is colloidized in a liquid.
The metal is any one of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs) Organic light emitting device.
PET(polyethylene terephthalate), PES(polyester), PT(polythiophene) 또는 PI(polyimide) 중 어느 하나인 플라스틱으로 형성되거나, 알루미늄 포일, 또는 스테인레스 스틸 포일인 유연한 재료로 형성되어 유연성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자.The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate,
Organic material, characterized in that it is formed of a flexible material of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester (PES), polythiophene (PT) or polyimide (PI), or an aluminum foil, or a stainless steel foil, Light emitting element.
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