KR20120108814A - Deodorization effect of fulvic acid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A deodorization composition is provided to measure the concentration of ammonia, methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, isovaleric acid, and propionic acid. CONSTITUTION: A deodorization composition includes fulvic acid as an active component. The fulvic acid removes 95% or more propionic acid, 87.5% or more methylmercaptan, 94% or more invalerate, 98% or more ammonia, and 50% or more hydrogen sulfoxide. The fulvic acid has improved profitability, availability, safety, and effectivity. [Reference numerals] (AA) Fermentation tank; (BB,CC,DD) Stirrer; (EE) Entrance

Description

Deodorization effect of fulvic acid

The present invention relates to a deodorizing composition, and more particularly to a deodorizing composition using fulvic acid extracted from natural humic substances.

Odors occur in pig farms as well as during livestock manure management and storage. This is especially true in pig houses that hold more than 4-5 days of manure at feet. The smell of decomposing the floors, walls, equipment, and manure and leftovers on the pig itself persists for days and months. The surface area covered by these malodorous sources is surprisingly large, which may lead to the emission of strong malodorous gases and dust. The concentration of dust in pigs is very high, and odorous substances are transported by being adsorbed with dust.

There are several strategies for reducing odor emissions from pigs, but only a few are mentioned in this article. The average person is very sensitive to odors. So it's a natural story, but the best strategy is to cut the bad smell around the house. This is based on the integration of technology and the cost. However, depending on the degree of odor control, investment of technology and expenses can only be changed.

◈ Separation Distance

Odor gas and dust, like the basic principles of ventilation, are diluted with low concentrations while mixing with relatively fresh ambient air, so the farther the pigs and the living space are, the less odor they feel. This is because the air released from pig houses is more mixed and diluted with the relatively clean surrounding air. In some hog farms, trees are planted between pig houses and dwelling spaces, or a curtain is used to dilute odors aesthetically. The general industry suggested that before the polluted air falls to the ground surface, the exhaust air should be exhausted at a point of more than 5 to 10m, such as a chimney, to maximize the mixing with clean air. Odor basically flows with the wind, and when the air is cooled at night, it becomes dense and falls to the ground. Therefore, pigs should be located at the point where odors do not fall to neighboring residential areas at night along the main wind direction and air direction. In addition, the pigs should be kept clean at all times to give a good image of pigs to the neighbors, and the odor should be controlled as much as possible.At the same time, strong bonds with neighbors can be established to induce a smooth solution in case of problems. Should be

◈ Cleaning Facilities

A simple and relatively inexpensive way to reduce odor is to clean the manure regularly. Of course, washing also includes pigs. Because manure is also on the skin of pigs. Manure stored in your feet should be removed from your pig every 3-4 days as much as possible. Storing odorous sulfur compounds for more than 4-5 days showed a sharp increase in concentration, but reported that the odorous sulfur compounds dropped sharply after washing. The most effective odor control method is to remove manure from pigs frequently and cover the top of the reservoir exposed to air. Therefore, it is necessary to specifically design pigs to be easy to wash, and it is necessary to construct floor surfaces, worker access passages, management facilities, etc. to facilitate washing.

◈ Sprinkling Small Amounts of Oils

Small amounts of oil can be sprayed on pig aisles, floors, and pig body surfaces to reduce 50-80% of the dust. Oil spraying can reduce odors by 50% as well as volatilization of odorous compounds into the air. The study argued that reducing dust concentrations in pig farms could reduce the health risks of workers and pigs. When spraying oil, it is important to spray at low speed so that the particle size is as large as possible on the surface. If oil is sprayed at high pressure, the grain size is finer, which is likely to be inhaled by workers or pig respirators. Midwest Plan Service (AED 42) sprays 40 ml / m2 for the first two days, 20 ml / m2 for the second two days, and 5 ml / m2 for the remainder of the pig's stay in pigs. Small and medium sized pigs use manual injectors, and large scale pigs develop and use automatic injectors, but they have not been commercialized yet.

◈ Dust Removal

Since the malodorous compound is attached to the dust particles, it should be understood first that reducing the dust level can reduce the malodor level. In the actual industrial process, dry scrubbing is used, in which particles are sprayed into the air to be adsorbed with chemicals and dust is removed to remove chemicals. Since most pigs are dusty in the air, their ability to adsorb high concentrations of odors will be great. However, high concentrations of dust in the air interfere with the filtration function, and fine grains are difficult to capture with a centrifuge, making it difficult to remove dust. The University of Illinois has developed an aerodynamic deduster that can remove fine grain dust with a small pressure difference and is very easy to manage. Two dust removers were attached to the air circulation system, which reported about 50% reduction of dust in the air, but the odor reduction was not measured.

In another study, wet scrubbers were developed to remove dust before ventilating pigs to the atmosphere. Indeed, this system does not interfere with airflow and has the advantage that it can be reused if washed with water. Developed by the University of Illinois, the system reduces fan efficiency by only 1.5 percent, but reduces airborne dust by 80 percent by mass. Since water adsorbs air soluble compounds, wet scrubbers reported that 1 / 3–2 / 3 of the volatile organic compounds in air could be removed depending on the contact time between air and water, and the amount of water used.

◈ Biofilters

When properly designed and operated, the filtration system can remove odors and dust from the air exhausted by the ventilation fans. This system has been widely used in the industry to remove large amounts of compounds in the air. Although the experiment was conducted at the University of Minnesota at a relatively low cost, the biggest problem is that the operating pressure is too high because the pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the biofilter is so large. It should be. The system works well in continuous operation but is less efficient when the temperature control fan is operated intermittently. In conclusion, biofilters can be used for a limited number of special purposes.

◈ Ozone

Ozone is a highly reactive compound that reduces odors by decomposing odor compounds in the air. Therefore, when ozone is exposed to certain concentrations, ozone is dangerous enough to cause respiratory failure. Therefore, people have specified that ozone concentrations in the air should not be exposed to more than 0.1 ppm, but no harmful ozone levels have been reported for pigs. However, because people work in pig farms, the same concentration limits apply to pig farms.

NCSU and the University of Illinois conducted a study on ozone treatment of air to reduce odor at pigs, but could not conclude. Ozone reduces some odor compounds but has little effect on others. In conclusion, the odor characteristics may change, but many odors are still volatilized. For example, sulfur compounds are not affected by ozone, but the concentration of some volatile organic compounds is reduced. High concentration ozone treatment can reduce odor level, but limit concentration because it is harmful to human. The University of Minnesota is currently experimenting with the odor reduction potential of non-thermal plasmas that are highly reactive with odor compounds.

◈ Manure Storage Covers

Various types of coatings of manure storage tanks generally reduce significant amounts of malodorous acid. Various biomaterials, such as rice straw and stems, pass through lava rock, impermeable membranes (supported on floating or top surfaces) and small molecules such as water and oxygen, but odors Large molecules such as compounds may not be able to pass through the coating membrane. These coating membranes trap malodorous gases, and some coating membranes serve to filter and dilute air as biofilters while passing through the membrane.

Floating biological covers The odor reduction system is a very inexpensive system, although the initial purchase cost may be somewhat higher because a large cutter and a blower are required. This cover reduces the odor to a significant level, but does not completely remove it. Its relatively short lifespan requires frequent replacement. Abiotic suspended biofilms have a high initial cost but have a longer lifespan than biomaterials. If rain or snow falls on an impermeable membrane, there is a problem that must be removed on a regular basis, and the gas accumulated under the suspended membrane should also be removed. Impervious membranes supported by air pressure have been used for many years and have recently been applied to manure storage tanks. The membrane is sealed to the edge of the reservoir and under the membrane is pressurized with air with a small fan to keep it about 80-100 Pa higher than outside. Even this small pressure difference expands the coating membrane to avoid rain, tolerate wind, and keeps the appearance of an attractive dome without touching the manure. Occasionally there may be a problem with electrical shutdown, but a well sealed system can withstand 10-12 hours without inflation.

◈ Thermochemical Conversion of Manure to Oil

Many people have been working to convert organic materials into fuel using high temperature and high pressure. Although methane has been produced in manure for the past several years, the methane fermentation process has not received much attention due to the difficulty in transporting and storing methane. Oil can be a more valuable energy source. A recent study at the University of Illinois has shown that manure can be oilified by a thermochemical conversion process, and the raw material of this process has been found to be a mixture of well-processed organic matter. This process produces three times the energy required for processing and significantly reduces BOD and odor.

However, there is a great deal of research and development in order to be economically applicable to farm scale.

The deodorization method currently held in composting facilities uses chemicals, which must be disposed of as industrial waste when the treatment is replaced. This processing also incurs a large processing cost. In addition, even the use of facility equipment consumes a large amount of electricity, so it is necessary to develop and discover a cheap and natural deodorant.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a deodorizing composition using fulvic acid, which is a natural substance extracted from a natural humic substance.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a deodorizing composition comprising fulvic acid as an active ingredient.

According to the present invention, fulvic acid showed an excellent deodorant effect (reduction of odor). That is, more than 95% of propionic acid, more than 87.5% of methylmercaptan, more than 94% of invalerate, more than 98% of ammonia, and more hydrogen sulfoxide. Economical by removing more than 50% (deodorization / odor removal at low cost), usability (effective for various odors), safety (safe for humans and the environment because it is a pollutant), specificity (chemical decomposition and elimination of odor components) ), It has been confirmed that it can be used as a next-generation deodorant or odor reducing agent because of its high fast-acting effect (promoting organic degradation by proliferating useful microorganisms).

1 is a diagram showing the installation of a KITAGAWA gas detector in 10 places in the composting center of Tarumizu City

purpose

In order to examine the deodorizing effect of fulvic acid, the concentrations of ammonia, methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, isovaleric acid and propionic acid were measured by gas detection method.

Materials and Methods

Gas detecting tube test (screening gas tube method)

Scent Bag (35cm X 50cm)

Ammonia: gas generated from ammonia water (28% express)

methylmercaptan: A gas produced by adding a rare acid to a methylmercaptan sodium solution (15%).

Hydrogen sulfide: Gas generated by adding dilute acid to iron (II)

isovaleric acid: Gas from isovaleric acid

propionic acid: A gas produced from propionic acid (Express)

Gastec Corporation

After putting the sample and fulvic acid into each odor bag and heat sealing, add 9L of air and add the test gas to the gas concentration. Let this stand still and measure the gas concentration in the bag every time elapsed using a gas detector tube.

Specimen without experiment and fulvic acid are designated as negative control.

Table 1 Sample Usage, Initial Gas Concentration, Measurement Time and Conditions

Sample usage 50 g Initial gas concentration Ammonia: 500 ppm
methylmercaptan: 4.0ppm
Hydrogen Sulfide: 20ppm
isovaleric acid: 15ppm
propionic acid: 10ppm Temperature Room temperature Measuring time Ammonia, isovaleric acid: 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours
methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide: 10 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours
propionic acid: 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes

2. Deodorization from Fermentation Tank

The experiment was carried out to reduce the odor caused by ammonia in the fermentation tank in TARUMIZU. As shown in FIG. 1, a KITAGAWA gas detector was installed at a position of 1 ~ ⑩. Add 50 liters of water to 50 kg of fulvic acid to make a mixture and leave it for 2-3 days. For 5 tons of fermentation tank, 5 liters of mixed liquor is sprayed and added to fermentation tank.

Results

Gas detecting tube test (screening gas tube method)

As time goes by, the deodorizing effect of each gas can be confirmed.

1-1. Ammonia Reduction by Fulvic Acid

As a result of measuring the ammonia reduction effect of fulvic acid, fulvic acid showed a decrease of about 40% after 10 minutes at an initial concentration of 500 ppm, and showed a reduction of 95% by 27 ppm after 3 hours.

Table 2.Change of ammonia by fulvic acid

(initial gas concentration: about 500ppm) Times 10 min 30min 1h 3h Fulvic acid 290 170 58 27 NC 500 500 500 490

1-2. Reduction of methylmercaptan by fulvic acid

Fulvic acid showed a relatively low deodorizing effect of 25% after 24 hours of methylmercaptan production. However, when HNC was used, it exhibited a deodorizing effect of 87.5% after 24 hours.

Table 3 Change of methylmercaptan by fulvic acid

(initial gas concentration: about 4.0ppm) Times 10 min 1h 3h 6h 24h Fulvic acid 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 NC 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

1-3. Disulfide hydrogen reduction by fulvic acid

Fulvic acid showed a deodorizing effect of 25% after 24 hours of hydrogen sulfide generation.

Table 4.Change of disulfide hydrogen by fulvic acid

(initial gas concentration: about 20ppm) Times 10 min 1h 3h 6h 24h Fulvic acid 19 18 18 18 15 NC 20 20 20 20 20

1-4. Reduction of isovaleric acid by fulvic acid

The effect of reducing isovaleric acid by fulvic acid was measured. It was found to be less than 1 ppm after 3 hours, showing 93.4% of deodorizing effect.

Table 5.Change of isovaleric acid by fulvic acid

(initial gas concentration: 15ppm) Times 10 min 30min 1h 3h Fulvic acid 8.3 5.6 3.0 ≪ 1.0 NC 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.0

1-5. Reduction of propionic acid caused by fulvic acid

Fulvic acid showed 80% reduction of the propionic acid after 10 minutes and less than 0.5 ppm after 1 hour, showing more than 95% deodorizing effect.

Table 6.Change of propionic acid by fulvic acid

(initial gas concentration: 10ppm) Times 10 min 30min 60min Fulvic acid 2.0 1.0 <0.5 NC 10.0 10.0 9.8

2. Deodorization from  Fermentation tank

During the experiment, the ammonia gas concentration of each part showed a significant decrease.

Starting from January 22, 2010 and inspected on March 26, 2010, an average of 73.36% ammonia deodorizing effect was confirmed as shown in Table 7. At the inlet of the fermentation tank, the ammonia gas concentration was the lowest and the deodorization rate was 72.50%. Among the presentation tanks, the ammonia concentration was the highest and the deodorization rate was 74%. ]

Table 7. Changes in ppm detected at different points in the fermentation tank

Times ratio Before use after use ① Branch 200 ppm 55 ppm 72.50% ② Branch 310 ppm 95 ppm 69.40% ③ Branch 400 ppm 120 ppm 70% ④ Branch 380 ppm 100 ppm 73.7% ⑤ Branch 350 ppm 80 ppm 77.1% ⑥ branch 500 ppm 130 ppm 74% ⑦ branch 380 ppm 120 ppm 68.4% ⑧branch 320 ppm 55 ppm 82.8% ⑨ Branch 420 ppm 120 ppm 71.4% ⑩ branch 350 ppm 90 ppm 74.3% average 361 ppm 96.5 ppm 73.36%

Conclusion

Fulvic acid showed an excellent deodorant effect (reduction of odor). That is, more than 95% of propionic acid, more than 87.5% of methylmercaptan, more than 94% of invalerate, more than 98% of ammonia, and more hydrogen sulfoxide. Economical by removing more than 50% (deodorization / odor removal at low cost), usability (effective for various odors), safety (safe for humans and the environment because it is a pollutant), specificity (chemical decomposition and elimination of odor components) ), It has been confirmed that it can be used as a next-generation deodorant or odor reducing agent because of its high fast-acting effect (promoting organic degradation by proliferating useful microorganisms).

Claims (1)

Deodorizing composition comprising a fulvic acid as an active ingredient.

Images