KR20120096346A - Fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20120096346A
KR20120096346A KR1020110015714A KR20110015714A KR20120096346A KR 20120096346 A KR20120096346 A KR 20120096346A KR 1020110015714 A KR1020110015714 A KR 1020110015714A KR 20110015714 A KR20110015714 A KR 20110015714A KR 20120096346 A KR20120096346 A KR 20120096346A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
fluid
cooling system
fluid cooling
jacket
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KR1020110015714A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
김호진
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삼성테크윈 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020110015714A priority Critical patent/KR20120096346A/en
Publication of KR20120096346A publication Critical patent/KR20120096346A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

PURPOSE: A fluid cooling system of a solar power generation module is provided to efficiently radiate heat generated in a solar light module by installing a circulation type fluid cooling device in a bottom surface of the solar light module. CONSTITUTION: A solar power generation module(110) comprises a solar battery cell consisting of a PN junction. A metallic thermal conductive plate(120) contacts to a bottom surface of the solar light module. A jacket(130) contacts to a bottom surface of the thermal conductive plate. The jacket comprises an inlet unit(131) and an outlet unit(132). A radiator(140) contacts or non-contacts to the jacket.

Description

FLUID COOLING SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

The present invention relates to a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module, and more particularly, to a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module for efficiently managing heat generated from a photovoltaic module using a fluid cooling method. .

Recently, the new growth engine industry is rapidly developing technology, and the solar power system with growth potential is being applied in various ways, from simple power supply to applications. In particular, the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) area is applied as a building material by attaching to roofs, exterior walls, fuel cell modules as auxiliary power production facilities, as well as power generation. The photovoltaic power generation system applied to the outside as part of the building material can function as an aesthetic factor as well as material saving and building construction cost. In order to fuse the photovoltaic system with buildings, fuel cell modules, etc., it is important to be able to derive maximum efficiency in consideration of construction, function, convenience, and stability of the device.

The performance of the photovoltaic system depends on the amount of solar radiation, and the temperature of the photovoltaic module is directly affected by the amount of solar radiation. As the solar cell temperature of the photovoltaic module increases by 1 ° C, It is known that the efficiency deteriorates (decreases) by approximately 0.5%. Therefore, during the time when the solar radiation reaches the highest point and the time when the external temperature increases, thermal management of the photovoltaic system is an essential item to be installed in the equipment installation because it is not only affected by the solar radiation but also by the conduction heat between the photovoltaic module and the attachment. Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system in which electric, electronic and energy related fields are integrated, measures for heat dissipation and cooling occupy an important technical area, and development of efficient materials, structures, systems, and the like for realizing this is It is required.

Meanwhile, in the case of systems operated and maintained under various environmental conditions such as power chips, supercomputers processing high-capacity data, security equipment / robots, etc., fluid cooling using various fluids (liquids) as heat transfer mediums to reduce errors caused by heat The system is being applied. Compared to air-cooling, which uses air with a thermal conductivity (k) of about 0.025 W / m? K, the fluid cooling method has a very high thermal conductivity (k) of 0.6 W / m? K for water. Efficient heat transfer allows excellent noise, performance and stability.

Although the recognition of applying such a fluid cooling method to a photovoltaic power generation system applied to a large-capacity, large-area facility, a building, etc., the thermal management part is being studied as a part of improving the performance of the system. 1 is a fluid cooling system 10 of a method of cooling by directly spraying the heat of insolation, ambient temperature, deposits, and the like with a fluid spray f. This fluid spray (f) method is an efficient method in terms of noise and stability compared to the air-cooled method. However, in addition to the photovoltaic module 11, the tower 12 for spray injection and a separate system for driving the same have to be installed externally, which is not good in appearance and difficult to maintain. In addition, considering the environmental aspects, it can be seen that the application of a medium other than water as a fluid is impossible, and when the water droplets are formed on the outside of the photovoltaic module 11, the incident sunlight is refracted, reflected, collected, etc. The possibility exists. In case of refraction and reflection, the loss deteriorated due to heat generation may be reduced, but incident energy may be reduced, resulting in a problem of stability of efficiency, and when condensed, damage to the surface of the photovoltaic module 11 may cause damage to the system. May affect operation.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and to provide a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module that can effectively dissipate heat generated from the photovoltaic module.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module that is noise-free, stable and environmentally friendly.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module without damaging the appearance, there is no problem of damaging the surface of the photovoltaic module and convenient maintenance.

According to an aspect of the present invention,

(1) solar power modules; A metallic thermal conductive plate in contact with a bottom surface of the photovoltaic module; A jacket in contact with a lower portion of the heat conduction plate and having an inlet and an outlet part to move fluid therein; And a radiator in contact with or not in contact with the jacket, wherein the fluid is circulated by a pump to radiate heat generated from the photovoltaic module through the radiator. To provide.

(2) In the above (1), the photovoltaic module provides a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module.

(3) The fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module according to (1), wherein the metallic heat conduction plate is a heat conduction plate made of aluminum or copper.

(4) In the above (1), the jacket provides a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that a plurality of micro pins are attached to the top.

(5) In the above (1), the jacket provides a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that the nanoparticles are coated on the inner wall.

(6) The fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module according to (1), wherein the fluid is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. to provide.

(7) The fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module according to the above (1), wherein the fluid is a nano colloid in which nanoparticles are dispersed.

(8) In the above (7), the nanoparticles are gold (Au), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (II) (Fe 2 O 3 ) , Iron (III) (Fe 3 O 4 ), silver (Ag), copper (II) (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO), characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of Provided is a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module capable of efficiently dissipating heat generated from the solar module by installing a circulating fluid cooling device on the bottom of the solar module.

In addition, it does not use the method of spraying water directly on the surface of the photovoltaic module, it has no noise and stability, and does not harm the appearance, there is no problem of damaging the surface of the photovoltaic module and it is easy to maintain. Can be provided.

In addition, it is possible to provide a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module that can further increase the heat dissipation performance by using the nano-colloid dispersed nanoparticles in the fluid as a medium and coating the nanoparticles on the inner wall of the fluid transfer jacket.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cooling system of a photovoltaic module according to a conventional spray method,
2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module when the radiator of FIG. 2 is not in contact with a jacket;
4 is a graph comparing thermal conductivity of a fluid according to nanoparticle dispersion,
5 is a graph showing the change in thermal conductivity according to the concentration of nanoparticles of nanoparticles (gold) dispersed in water,
6 is a graph showing the change in thermal conductivity of nanoparticles (gold) according to the nanoparticle concentration of nanocolloids dispersed in ethylene glycol,
7 is a view for explaining a nano-colloidal fluid manufacturing method used in the present invention,
8 is a graph comparing heat-transfer coefficient ratio according to pumping power,
9 is a graph showing a change in efficiency according to the cell temperature of the photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention,
10 is a graph comparing the efficiency according to the cell temperature control of the photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, the same or equivalent reference numerals are given to the same or equivalent materials, and the directions are described based on the drawings. In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that unless otherwise stated, it may further include other components other than the other components.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module when the radiator of FIG. 2 is not in contact with a jacket. Schematic diagram.

2 and 3, the fluid cooling system 100 of the photovoltaic module according to the present invention, the photovoltaic module 110, the metallic thermal conductive plate in contact with the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 110 ( 120), a jacket 130, which is in contact with a lower portion of the metallic thermal conductive plate 120, and has an inlet and outlet portion 131 and 132, in which the fluid f is moved into and out of or in contact with the jacket 130. Including the radiator 140, the fluid f is circulated by the pump 150 to radiate heat generated from the photovoltaic module 110 through the radiator 140.

The photovoltaic module 110 is a panel including a plurality of solar cells composed of a semiconductor PN junction, the solar cell is a photovoltaic effect generated by the photovoltaic effect when the sunlight is irradiated to the current connected to the external load Let flow. The photovoltaic module 110 used in the present invention may include a general module operating on the above principle, but in the case of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module requiring a large or large area capacity. In order to improve the water-cooled system, which had to rely on the existing spray method, it is more suitable for such integrated solar modules.

In the fluid cooling process of the photovoltaic module 110 according to the present invention, first, the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 110, which is a heat generating source whose temperature rises due to solar radiation, is transferred to the fluid f, which is a heat transfer medium. In order to contact the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 110, the metallic thermal conductive plate 120 having high thermal conductivity is connected between the fluid transfer jacket 130. The fluid f inside the jacket 130 is discharged through the radiator 140 while moving at a constant speed, and circulated again by the pump 150 to become a low temperature fluid f, and then the jacket ( 130).

The fluid cooling system 100 of the photovoltaic module according to the present invention does not use a fan that regulates the air flow by water cooling, thereby enabling stable device cooling without noise. In addition, it can be installed in the form attached to the bottom surface of the solar power generation module 110 without using a spray method, there is no fear of harming the aesthetics, no need for expensive tower installation, less cost burden, water droplets on the surface of the module There is no fear of problems such as deterioration of heat radiation efficiency, surface damage.

The metallic thermal conductive plate 120 is not limited as long as it is made of a metallic material having high thermal conductivity, but it is preferable that the metallic thermal conductive plate 120 is an aluminum or copper thermal conductive plate having excellent thermal conductivity.

The jacket 130 is a heat transfer place through the fluid (f), the inlet 131 and the outlet 132 is formed relatively narrow, heat transfer time by maintaining the fluid f residence time in the heat transfer place It is possible to increase the heat transfer efficiency.

In addition, a plurality of micro pins 133 are tightly attached to the upper inner wall of the jacket 130 to increase the surface area, thereby further increasing the heat transfer effect.

The radiator 130 may be formed in contact with the lower portion of the jacket 130 as shown in FIG. 2, but may be installed in a section after the fluid f passes from the jacket 130.

The fluid (f) is generally excellent in thermal conductivity, but may be water commonly used in a water-cooled cooling system, but may be any one or a combination of water, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing thermal conductivity of fluids according to nanoparticle dispersion, and FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating changes in thermal conductivity according to nanoparticle concentration of nanocolloids in which nanoparticles (gold) are dispersed in water. 6 is a graph showing the change in thermal conductivity according to the nanoparticle concentration of nanocolloids in which nanoparticles (gold) are dispersed in ethylene glycol. Here, the x-axis of Figures 5 and 6 represents the thermal conductivity ratio (thermal conductivity ratio) for the case of pure water.

4 to 6, in order to use the heat transfer fluid f having better thermal conductivity, the fluid f used in the fluid cooling system 100 of the photovoltaic module 110 according to the present invention is The nanoparticles may be dispersed nano colloids. The nano-colloids can ensure the dispersion stability of the nano-colloid level without using a dispersion stabilizer. The nanocolloid manufacturing method has been disclosed by the inventor in the patent application 2010-56218, and the nanocolloid in the present invention is prepared according to the above production method.

7 is a view for explaining a nano-colloidal fluid manufacturing method used in the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, the nanoparticles are directly irradiated onto the dispersion medium 220 by irradiating a laser 240 to the target 230 charged in the dispersion medium 220 in the reaction vessel 210 of the nano colloid manufacturing apparatus 200. 231 is produced in a single process of producing and dispersing, so that the dispersion medium 220 is exchanged into and out of the reaction vessel 210 with the laser 240 irradiation. Thus, by maintaining the presence of the nanoparticles 231 in the plasma reaction region 250 of the dispersion medium 220 in a relative blank or steady state, the laser 240 for the particular dispersion medium 220 and the target 230 material Based on data on the intensity of irradiation and the production rate according to the colloid concentration, it is possible to secure dispersion stability by accurately and accurately predicting or controlling the colloid concentration after the reaction time through the fluid analysis at steady state. Will be. Here, the other configuration shown in Figure 7, reference numeral 211 is the inlet, 212 is the outlet, 232 is the target mounting portion, 241 is a laser generator, 242 is a condenser lens, 260 is a motor stage, 270 is a stirrer, 280 represents a reservoir and 290 represents a motor unit.

In this case, the nanoparticles 231 may include gold (Au), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (II) (Fe 2 O 3 ), and iron oxide (III). (Fe 3 O 4 ), silver (Ag), copper (II) (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) may be one or more, considering the heat transfer efficiency compared to economical aluminum oxide, iron oxide It is preferable that they are 1 or more of (II), copper (II), and titanium dioxide.

8 is a graph comparing heat-transfer coefficient ratio according to pumping power.

Referring to FIG. 8, unlike the case of using water as the fluid f, in the case of the nano colloidal fluid f using the gold nanoparticles 231, the gold nanoparticles may be formed at a steady state without a change in temperature and flow rate. 231) It is possible to improve the thermal conductivity through a change in concentration, such that effective heat conduction without increasing the pumping power or expanding the size when acting as a heat transfer fluid (f) of the fluid cooling system (100). . Therefore, since it is not necessary to supplement the facility to improve the cooling performance, the cooling efficiency can be increased only by replacing the fluid according to the fluid characteristics without increasing the weight of the device, thereby improving the device performance and reliability.

Meanwhile, in the case of the simple fluid f or the combined fluid f in which the nanoparticles 231 are not dispersed, many bubbles may be formed in response to the flow and fluctuation of the fluid f when the dispersion stabilizer is used. Such bubbles act as an element that hinders the heat transfer effect in the fluid f, and as a result, causes the heat transfer performance to be hindered. Accordingly, the present invention increases the surface wettability by coating (160) the nanoparticles on the inner wall of the jacket 130 to reduce or reduce the bubbles generated by the heat transfer of the fluid (f) to reduce the heat transfer performance Can be prevented.

In addition, when the nano-colloid (f) is used as a fluid, the dispersion stability itself is high and bubbles are significantly reduced. In this case, however, the nanoparticles are still generated by coating (160) the nanoparticles on the inner wall of the jacket 130. It is possible to maximize the prevention of heat transfer performance degradation caused by the bubbles.

As described above, the degree of effect of controlling the temperature of the solar cell with the fluid cooling system 100 of the solar cell module according to the present invention was calculated as follows. Table 1 is a specification (standard conditions) of the photovoltaic module 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Output (W) 50 Maximum voltage (V) 16.8 Current (A) 2.97 Warranty output (W) 45 Short circuit current (A) 3.23 Open voltage (V) 21

The amount of power generated by the photovoltaic module 110 generated in such a specification may be calculated as in Equation 1 below. Where P m is the power, I m is the maximum current, V m is the maximum voltage, FF is the fill factor, I sc is the short-circuit current, V oc is the open voltage, I scl is the standard condition short-circuit current, q is the solar radiation, V ocl Is the standard condition open voltage, T a is the ambient temperature, T c is the cell temperature, and P maxl is the maximum output.

Figure pat00001

Referring to Equation 1, it can be seen that the solar radiation, which is an energy source flowing into the photovoltaic module 110 to generate power, is related to a short circuit current, and the outside temperature and the cell temperature are related to an open voltage. Although the solar radiation cannot be controlled due to natural factors, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110 by maintaining an open voltage through cell temperature control.

9 is a graph showing a change in efficiency according to the cell temperature of the photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9, it can be seen that the efficiency for each cell temperature in the standard condition is linearly decreased as the cell temperature increases by using Equation 1 above. This means that when the thermal management of the solar cell is not made, the efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110 cannot be secured stably.

10 is a graph comparing the efficiency according to the cell temperature control of the photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, an efficiency ratio according to cell temperature adjustment is set for each time period in which solar radiation fluctuates. If the cell temperature is 70 ℃ or higher, there is no installation effect during the daytime when the solar radiation is high, and the efficiency is less than 10% when the temperature is 60 ℃, and 20% even during the daytime when the temperature is lower than 50 ℃ and the solar temperature is high. As shown above, it can be seen that the cooling efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110 can be improved by applying the fluid cooling system 100 according to the present invention.

The foregoing is a description of specific embodiments of the present invention. The above embodiments according to the present invention are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention or the matter disclosed for the purpose of description, and those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention various changes and modifications It should be understood that this is possible. It is therefore to be understood that all such modifications and alterations are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed in the following claims or their equivalents.

100: fluid cooling system of photovoltaic module
110: solar power module 120: metallic heat conduction plate
130: jacket 131: entrance
132: outlet 133: micro pin
140: radiator 150: pump
160: coating f: fluid

Claims (8)

Solar power module;
A metallic thermal conductive plate in contact with a bottom surface of the photovoltaic module;
A jacket in contact with a lower portion of the heat conduction plate and having an inlet and an outlet part to move fluid therein; And
And a radiator in contact or non-contact with the jacket,
The fluid is circulated by a pump to cool the heat generated from the photovoltaic module through the radiator fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module. The method of claim 1,
The photovoltaic module is a fluid integrated system of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module. The method of claim 1,
The metallic thermal conductive plate is a fluid cooling system of a solar power module, characterized in that the thermal conductive plate made of aluminum or copper. The method of claim 1,
The jacket is a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that a plurality of micro pins are attached to the top. The method of claim 1,
The jacket is a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that the nanoparticles are coated on the inner wall. The method of claim 1,
The fluid is a fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of water, ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol) and propylene glycol (ethylene glycol). The method of claim 1,
The fluid is a fluid cooling system of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that the nanoparticles are dispersed nanoparticles. The method of claim 7, wherein
The nanoparticles are gold (Au), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (II) (Fe 2 O 3 ), iron (III) (Fe 3 O 4 ), Silver (Ag), copper (II) oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluid cooling system of a photovoltaic module.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109724265A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-07 廊谷(天津)新能源科技有限公司 A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal integral component
KR102585948B1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2023-10-06 주식회사 칼선 Metal-Integrated BIPV Module including Honeycomb Structure amd Method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109724265A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-07 廊谷(天津)新能源科技有限公司 A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal integral component
KR102585948B1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2023-10-06 주식회사 칼선 Metal-Integrated BIPV Module including Honeycomb Structure amd Method

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