KR20120025104A - Variable selection method and apparatus for waste water reclamation and reusing system - Google Patents

Variable selection method and apparatus for waste water reclamation and reusing system Download PDF

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KR20120025104A
KR20120025104A KR1020100087281A KR20100087281A KR20120025104A KR 20120025104 A KR20120025104 A KR 20120025104A KR 1020100087281 A KR1020100087281 A KR 1020100087281A KR 20100087281 A KR20100087281 A KR 20100087281A KR 20120025104 A KR20120025104 A KR 20120025104A
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South Korea
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water
conductivity
wastewater
treatment
absorbance
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KR1020100087281A
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Korean (ko)
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최지연
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최지연
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A variable selective heavy water treating system and a method for the same are provided to cost-effectively replace an advanced analyzing system by using ultraviolet ray absorbance, which functions as a total organic carbon analyzer, and conductivity, which functions an ion chromatograph and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CONSTITUTION: A variable selective heavy water treating method separates the region of wastewater and treats the wastewater. A variable selective heavy water treating system includes an activated carbon absorbing bath, a bio-reactor(19), and ultra-filtration(34). An ion exchanging column(35) is further prepared for the system. The region of wastewater is separated into four parts according to ultraviolet ray absorbance and conductivity.

Description

Variable selection method and apparatus for waste water reclamation and reusing system

The present invention seeks to find a method for reusing wastewater generated by the wastewater treatment field of the present invention without discharging it to nature. The present invention indirectly predicts the water quality characteristics of wastewater generated by using conductivity and ultraviolet rays, and is a method of efficiently operating a downstream treatment system. To do this, it is important to accurately understand the characteristics of organic contamination and UV absorbance, and to simplify the process and process cost by selectively changing the system to be treated later according to the conductivity analysis for the ionic components in the inorganic material. It is in the technical field of the present invention to maximize the reduction and processing efficiency.

Wastewater Reclamation and Reusing System (Wastewater Reclamation and Reusing System) is a facility that reprocesses once-used tap water into living water, industrial water, etc., and is located in the middle of water supply and sewerage. Water, cleaning water, car wash water, sprinkling water, landscaping water (ponds, fountains, etc.), firefighting water, etc. because it is only used for general purpose, it is also called a general water. Heavy water can reduce water consumption and reduce sewage, resulting in water conservation, reducing water supply, dam construction demand, and reducing water shortages.

In the past, collecting and reusing waste water with good water quality in Korea is considered to be heavy water in the broad sense. However, modern water in the 18th century began with the use of sewage as irrigation water in Europe. Korea's economic development plan since the 1960s accelerated the concentration of population into large cities and caused a sharp increase in water demand due to the improvement of living standards according to economic and industrial development. As a result, there are many ways to use limited water resources more efficiently, such as developing new water resources to secure water resources, or protecting water resources from pollution to promote the use of currently available water resources. The efficient use of available water resources is expected to dramatically increase the use of treated water by reprocessing the water once used, as well as freeing up the available water resources and reducing the pollutants emitted.

Advanced countries such as the United States have already recycled 2.6 × 10% ㎥ / d of sewage treatment water in 1979.In Tokyo, Japan, since 1984, the building has a construction area of more than 30,000㎡ or water consumption of 100㎥ / d. It is legally recommended to install water.

In 1991, Korea recommended the establishment of a heavy water system in the Water Act, which would be installed in facilities that use a large amount of water. As of 2007, there are 221 sites of water supply facilities in Korea, and the daily treatment capacity is 599,979m3. Under the current water law, installation is only mandatory for accommodation facilities with a total floor area of 60,000m2, bath facilities, and factories with over 1,500m3 of daily wastewater discharge.

In order to use water efficiently, more than 10/100 of the quantity used should be reused either alone or jointly when the facility is newly built (including extension, reconstruction or reconstruction). Target facilities include accommodation facilities or bathing facilities, with a building area of 60,000㎡ or more, factories with waste water discharged more than 1,500㎥ / day, large stores with a building area of 60,000㎡ or more, and transportation facilities (home delivery facilities). There are facilities prescribed by ordinance in offices, offices, prisons, broadcasting and telegraph stations and municipalities.

The composition of the water treatment system is a pretreatment process. The function of the pretreatment is to remove various impurities in the wastewater that obstruct the main treatment, and to stabilize the main treatment function by eliminating fluctuations in the flow rate of the wastewater. Next, in the main treatment process, in order to make the drainage water quality suitable for reuse, it is used to remove suspended matter, organic matter, etc. in the drainage, using either bio treatment or membrane treatment. Finally, in the post-treatment process, fine particles, residual organic matters, etc. are removed in order to adjust the quality of the water as reused water. There are filtration, flocculation precipitation, biotreatment, activated carbon adsorption, ozone treatment, and chlorine disinfection.

Heavy water treatment technology is the same treatment technology used for water and sewage treatment, and additional treatment is sometimes required to remove specific contaminants and inactivate pathogens. In selecting the heavy water treatment technology, it is important to analyze the reliability of the operation per unit process and the performance of the overall treatment system that can supply the heavy water that meets the required water quality standards. Below is a description of water treatment systems that can be treated.

Physical treatment is based on the physical unit operation using the physical phenomena of the natural system. Mixing, (a) flocculation, (i) physical precipitation, (c) high-speed gravity settling, (k) flotation, (e) granular filtration (wave) microscreens, and so on.

In chemical treatment, a variety of chemicals are used in the chemical treatment unit to improve the functioning of physical or biological unit processes. Therefore, compared with physical and biological treatments, other chemicals are added to remove certain contaminants from the wastewater, resulting in an increased amount of dissolved components. Adding chemicals to increase sedimentation efficiency increases the total dissolved components in the water.

The main purpose of biological treatment is to reduce organic matter, ie BOD and COD, and in some cases is used to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus or toxic trace organic compounds.

Ultra filtration is a method of separating and concentrating relatively large molecules or particles in a membrane under low pressure, such as high molecular materials or colloidal materials in solution. Therefore, proteins and bacteria can also be removed by the membrane.

Reverse osmosis (RO) was originally used as a desalting unit, but is widely used as a concentrator because of its excellent separation characteristics. In the case of reusing plant wastewater, it is used for desalination treatment to remove salts that cause corrosion or scale, depending on the quality of raw water.

Electrodialysis is a method used to remove and concentrate salts by combining selective permeability and electrophoresis of ion exchange membranes, and a plurality of cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes are arranged between an anode and a cathode to apply a DC voltage between two electrodes. The cations move towards the cathode and the anions move towards the anode. In addition, cations prevent the migration of anions in the cation exchange membrane. As a result, salts are concentrated between the membranes. Therefore, desalted water is collected if fresh water is to be obtained, and concentrated water is collected for concentration purposes.

The ion exchange method is widely used to recover valuable substances in industrial and pure water as well as wastewater, and to obtain highly treated water. The functional group possessed by the ion exchange resin adsorbs the ionized substances under certain conditions. By exchange, the treated water of desired water quality is obtained. When the exchange capacity (perfusion capacity) of the resin reaches the saturation state, the function of the resin is restored by the chemicals.

Softening treatment is to avoid the problem of water for due to the calcium ion in the operation to remove the hardness components of water hardness (Ca 2 +), magnesium ion (Mg 2+). Hardness components in boiler water hinder heat conduction, cause an explosion, etc., and high hardness water is unsuitable for washing. Chemical softening methods include lime soda ash method, phosphate method, zeolite method, ion exchange method and the like, and physical treatment methods include heating method and distillation method. These methods should be selected in consideration of the amount of raw water, the form of the hardness component, the use of the treated water, and the like.

Electrolytic treatment is a method of electrochemically removing BOD and COD components contained in wastewater by applying electric energy to the inorganic and organic electrolyte wastewater from the outside. Most of the colloids contained in the wastewater are charged with (-) and rebound with each other. In this state, electric energy is applied to disrupt the electric field, thereby being neutralized electrically to cause agglomeration reaction, and at the same time, a redox reaction occurs. In general, such electric neutralization results in the production of metal hydroxides by hydrolysis using soluble anodes. Metals that can be used as the anode for this purpose are mainly aluminum, iron and the like.

Sludge treatment is sludge generated from the sludge treatment system and wastewater treatment plant alone or mixed in the source and is usually dehydrated because it contains a lot of water. Aerobic or anaerobic digestion may be used or incinerated to reduce and stabilize the amount of sludge. The sludge is ultimately disposed of in wet or dry conditions.

In the present invention, it is important to grasp the characteristics of wastewater in a short time for various kinds of wastewater. Organics are very sensitive to UV absorbance wavelengths.

Ultraviolet wavelengths are absorbed by the unique chromophoric groups of organic matter. Broadly speaking, all atomic groups capable of causing electron transitions can be referred to as chromophores, but light absorbing atomic groups including unsaturated coupling are usually called chromophores. In organic materials, a functional group is a representative example. It can be seen that these chromophores mostly absorb in the ultraviolet region and are n → π * or π → π * electron transitions. Absorption data for these chromophores is very important information to search for organofunctional groups. The absorption wavelength of a chromophore is sensitively changed depending on the chemical environment around the chromophore. When double and triple bonds are separated by only one single bond, they are said to be conjugated.

The principle of the spectrophotometer, as shown in Figure 1 can be expressed by the following equation for the reduction of light due to the absorption of ultraviolet light when passing through the urea, the intensity of the ultraviolet ray is I 0 and the thickness of the sample b.

d Ⅰ = -k I d b

Where k is the proportional constant and-sign means the reduction of light.

The principle of the spectrophotometer follows the lambert law that the fraction of absorbed light is proportional to the thickness of the material layer passing through it when the intensity of ultraviolet light is I 0 and the thickness of the sample is b. In addition, according to the beer law that the fraction of absorbed light is proportional to the concentration of the substance, a standard curve can be prepared by using an absorption vessel of a constant thickness and measuring absorbance at several known concentrations. This is lambert-beer's law.

The light source uses a deuterium lamp to irradiate a wavelength of 190 to 400 nm, and a monochromator capable of grating 254 nm among various ultraviolet wavelengths, and a quartz cell and a detector of a sample part are used as photoelectric tubes. Phototube type) is composed of a device that amplifies the sensitivity of 10 6 ~ 10 9 by accelerating electrons from the photocathode by an electric field.

Conductivity provides an important degree for ionic materials in water. The conductivity sensor measures the conductivity of a solution that causes a current to flow between two electrodes. The current flows by the flow of ions in the solution. Thus, the higher the concentration of ions in the solution, the higher the measurement. The probe measures the inverse of the resistance, or conductance. If the resistance is measured in ohms, the conductance is measured using Simens. Siemens is a very large unit, so the demand sample uses mainly micro Siemens units. Even if the sensor measures the actual conductivity, we are often interested in measuring the conductivity of the solution.

C = G k c

G is the conductivity and k c is the constant of the cell. The constant of the battery is determined by the formula below.

k c = d / A

d is the distance between the two electrodes, and A is the portion of the electrode surface.

k c = d / A = 1.0 cm / 1.0 cm 2 = 1.0 cm -1

Conductivity values are represented by multiple conductivities and cell constants. Since the vernier conductivity probe has a cell constant of 1.0 cm −1 , the conductivity and conductivity are the same. The conductivity of a solution with a conductivity of 1,000 uS is C = G k c = (1,000 uS) x (1.0 cm -1 ) = 1,000 uS / cm.

As described above, the higher the conductivity, the more likely the ionic materials are to exist, and accordingly, an appropriate change in the treatment system is required.

In this design, it is important to measure the accurate conductivity and UV absorbance in the generated wastewater and transfer the wastewater to the treatment system. Conductivity is divided into inorganic ions, heavy metals, and organic materials. Among them, organic ionic material is a negatively charged functional group like carboxylic acid, causing conductivity by corresponding salts. Therefore, since conductivity is an indicator for ionic substances, it is reasonable to analyze soluble substances with particulates removed from raw waste water. Ultraviolet absorbance also increases the absorbance values due to chromaticity and turbidity, so that it is easy to measure the relative concentrations of pollutant sources, and thus, initial pretreatment is necessary.

Initial pretreatment requires a settling tank or activated carbon adsorption tank. This is because the correct UV absorbance and conductivity must be measured by removing particulate matter. In addition, it is necessary to classify wastewater according to ultraviolet absorbance and electrical conductivity. These classifications will be the data for transfer to the system to be processed later. Another important point is the use of recycled water. If the wastewater from some process water is used again as a process water after a little treatment, it should have water quality characteristics close to that of the initial raw water, and for some washing water, flower beds, or toilet cleaning, it is more efficient than process water. Water will be produced at a lower cost using this lower system.

Reusing the wastewater generated through the present invention can bring about a water saving effect in Korea, a water shortage country. Instead of the enormous cost of wastewater treatment, companies can use water treatment systems to reuse water quickly and at low cost. In the case of the present invention, UV absorbance acts as a total organic carbon analyzer to check the actual concentration of organic matter and conductivity replaces the role of ion chromatograph and atomic absorption spectrometer. Has an advantage.

Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of a variable selective heavy water treatment system representative of the present invention.
2 is a correlation graph of TOC manufacturing concentration and UV 254 nm absorbance.
3 is a graph of correlation between conductivity solution and inorganic concentration.

According to the present invention, specific contents can be summarized as follows.

First, the wastewater flows into the sedimentation tank 12 through the inflow line 11 of the raw wastewater and enters the activated carbon tank to remove color, turbidity, and suspended / particulate matter. Next, it is injected into the flow regulating tank 13. The flow regulating tank is attached with a sensor for measuring the UV absorbance 14 and the conductivity 15. These UV absorbances and conductivity are transmitted to the control panel 16 and transferred to the desired treatment system. The waste water is sent to respective treatment systems by automatic valves 17, 32, 33. Only the best water is transferred to the bioreactor 19 by the bioreactor pump 18. The sludge produced in the bioreactor is introduced into the storage tank 21 through the sludge storage tank transfer pipe 20. The sludge decontamination supernatant is conveyed back to the flow reservoir 13 via line 22. The flow storage tank has a separation membrane 23, and is separated into a chamber and a sludge stripping solution input tank for measuring conductivity and UV absorbance of the raw wastewater initially introduced. In the sludge storage tank, the generated sludge is separated off 24. The treatment liquid treated in the bioreactor is transferred to the UF system 25 by the UF supply pump 24. Finally, the treatment water storage tank inlet line 26 is introduced into the treatment water storage tank 27. It is finally conveyed 29 through a suitable chlorine treatment 28 before use as discharged or recycled water.

If the quality of the raw waste water is better, it flows into the secondary flow control tank 31 and is then transported from the inflow pump 30. At this time, the conductivity is transferred to the two lines. The best water is transferred to the UF 37 line by the tertiary automatic valve 32 by the control panel, and the rest is transferred to the UF 34 and ions by the secondary automatic valve. After being transferred to the exchange tower 35, the water is sent to the treated water storage tank 27 and moved to the place of use. The water with the best water quality is transferred to the place of use after being transferred to the treated water reservoir after UF treatment.

In the present invention, three UFs are installed but all have different functions. The UF 25 at the back of the bioreactor is highly affected by microbial flocs and therefore uses a pore size membrane of 30,000 Daltons. In the case of the best water quality, it can produce enough water to be reintroduced into the process water line. . Thus, UF 37 has a pore size of 8,000 Daltons because UF 34 in the middle of 3,000 Daltons has an ion exchange tower at the rear end.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.

Inflow Line of Raw Wastewater (11) Sedimentation Tank (12)
Flow Control Tank (13) UV Absorbance (14)
Conductivity (15) Control Panel (16)
Automatic Reactor (17) Bioreactor Pump (18)
Bioreactor (19) Sludge Storage Tank Transfer Pipe (20)
Reservoir (21) Sludge Dewatering Liquid Supernatant Line (22)
The flow storage tank is separated from the separator (23) and disposed of (24)
UF System (25) Treated Water Storage Tank Inlet Line (26)
Treated Water Storage Tanks (27) Chlorine Treatment (28)
Inlet pump (30)
Secondary flow control tank (31) Automatic valve (32)
Automatic Valve (33) UF (34)
Ion Exchange Tower (35) Ion Exchange Tower (37)
Treated Water Line (38)

Claims (3)

Variable selective heavy water treatment system and method for selectively treating the characteristics of water quality by separating the area of wastewater with UV absorbance and conductivity
The method of claim 1,
Method and apparatus for treating a treatment system with activated carbon adsorption tank, bioreactor, UF in the water treatment method and method and apparatus for treating with UF and ion exchange tower and apparatus and method for treating with UF only
The method according to claim 1, wherein the water quality region is divided into four levels according to UV absorbance and conductivity, and a method of evaluating and separating water quality through indirect prediction of UV absorbance and conductivity.

KR1020100087281A 2010-09-07 2010-09-07 Variable selection method and apparatus for waste water reclamation and reusing system KR20120025104A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200070888A (en) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 한국과학기술연구원 Method for pretreatment of capacitive deionization based on ingredient of raw water

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200070888A (en) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 한국과학기술연구원 Method for pretreatment of capacitive deionization based on ingredient of raw water

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