KR20110139397A - 다약제 내성 저해 활성을 갖는 5,6-벤조플라본 화합물, 그의 제조 방법 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성 저해용 조성물 - Google Patents
다약제 내성 저해 활성을 갖는 5,6-벤조플라본 화합물, 그의 제조 방법 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성 저해용 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20110139397A KR20110139397A KR1020100059460A KR20100059460A KR20110139397A KR 20110139397 A KR20110139397 A KR 20110139397A KR 1020100059460 A KR1020100059460 A KR 1020100059460A KR 20100059460 A KR20100059460 A KR 20100059460A KR 20110139397 A KR20110139397 A KR 20110139397A
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- benzoflavone
- cancer
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Abstract
본 발명은 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 저해 활성을 갖는 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물, 그의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 다약제 내성 저해용 조성물에 관한 것으로, 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물은 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 프로모터 활성을 억제하는 기능이 우수하므로 항암제 내성을 보이는 암의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물, NF-κB의 전사 활성 억제제, 건강기능식품의 개발에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다.
Description
본 발명은 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 저해 활성을 갖는 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물, 그의 제조 방법 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성 저해용 조성물에 관한 것이다.
암치료 요법에 있어서 항암제 투여는 외과적으로 암부위를 제거한 이후에 육안으로 관찰하기 어려운 아주 작은 암 조직이나 원발성 부위에서 타 조직으로 전이된 암세포를 제거하는 중요한 치료법이다. 그러나 장기적으로 특정 항암제를 투여할 때, 암세포가 약물에 대한 내성을 획득하여 항암 효과를 제대로 볼 수 없게 되는 경우가 발생될 수 있다.
암세포에서 한 종류 약물에 대한 내성이 획득되면 약리 작용이 다른 종류의 약물에 대해서도 내성 효과를 가지게 되는데, 이러한 현상을 "다제 내성(multidrug resistance; MDR)"이라 한다(Endicott JA,and LingV.(1989) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 137-171; Gottesman MM, and Pastan I.(1993) Annu.Rev. Biochem.62,385-427).
암세포의 다제 내성은 주로 친수성의 양쪽 친매성 분자 화합물, 예를 들어, 탁산(taxane), 빈카 알카로이드(vinca alkaloid) 계열 약물(vinorelbine, vincristine, vinblastine), 안스라사이클린(anthracycline) 계열 약물(doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin), 에피도필로톡신(epidophyllotoxin: etoposide, teniposide), 대사길항제(antimetabolites: methorexate, fluorouracil, cytosar, 5-azacytosine, 6-mercaptopurine, gemcitabine), 토포테칸(topotecan), 닥티노마이신(dactinomycin), 미토마이신(mitomycin) 등의 항암 약물을 사용하였을 경우 나타날 수 있다(Thomas H and Coley HM, Cancer Control (2003) 10, 159-165; Ambudkar SV et al., Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (1999) 39, 361-398; Krishna R and Mayer LD (2000) Eur J pharm Sci. 11, 265-283; Stavrovskaya AA (2000) Biochemistry(Mosc.) 65, 95-106; Endicott JA and Ling V (1989) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 137-171; Ling V (1992) Cancer 69, 2063-2069; Gottesman MM and Pastan I(1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62, 385-427; Ford JM (1995) Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am. 9, 337-361; Zhu BT (1999) Mol. Carcinog. 25, 1-13; Johnstone RW et al,(2000) Trends.Biochem. Sci. 25,1-6).
암세포에서 다제 내성을 획득하는 분자 기전은 주로 mdr 유전자의 과발현과(Julino R., and Ling V. (1976) Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 455, 152-161; Gottesman MM, and Pastan I. (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62, 385-427), MRP(mdr-associated protein: Cole RM 등 (1992) Science 258, 1650-1654)와 LRP(lung resistant protein) 단백질의 과발현(Scheffer GL 등 (1995) Nature Med. 1, 578-582) 등으로 생각되고 있다. 또한, DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ의 돌연변이(Beck WT. (1989) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 1683-1685) 또는 발현 감소(Gottesman MM. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 747-754), 글루타티온 S-전이효소(glutathione S-transferase; GST)의 활성 증가(Volm M 등 (1993) Cancer 71, 3981-3987) 등에서도 다제 내성 획득과 관련성이 있다고 보고되었다.
P-당단백질(P-glycoprotein; P-gp)은 150-180 kDa 분자량의 막단백질로서(Julino R and Ling V (1976) Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 455, 152-161), ABC(ATP-binding cassette) 그룹에 속하는 수송 단백질(transporter)이다. P-gp는 신장의 근위 세뇨관(proximal tubule), 장내피 세포, 췌장과 부신, 고환, 태반, 간세포 등에서 높게 발현되고 있으며, 유해 이물질이 세포내로 유입되면 체외로 배출시키는 기능을 한다(Gros P 등 (1986) Cell 47, 371-380; Fojo AT 등 (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 265-269; Thiebaut F 등 (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7735-7738). 그러나 P-gp가 암세포에서 과발현되면 항암제 효과를 세포내로 배출시킴으로써 항암제의 다제 내성 효과가 유도된다.
인간의 유방암과 백혈병, 임파종, 다발성 근종, 신경아세포종, 육종 등과 설치류의 간암 세포 등에서 P-gp의 과발현이 보고된바 있다(Cole SPC 등 (1992) Science 258, 1650-1654; Scheffer GL 등 (1995) Nature Med. 1, 578-582; Beck WT (1989) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 1683-1685; Ng IO 등 (2000) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 113, 355-363; Soini 등 (1996) J. Clin. Pathol. 49, 470-473; Teeter LD 등 (1993) Mol. Carcomog. 8, 67-73).
P-gp를 발현시키는 유전자(mdr)는 사람에서 두 종류(mdr1, mdr2)가 밝혀졌으며, 설치류에서는 세 종류(mdr1a, mdr1b, mdr2)가 존재하는 것으로 보고되었다(Hsu SI 등 (1989) J Biol Chem 264, 12053). 이중에서 사람의 mdr1과 설치류의 mdr1a, mdr1b 유전자가 항암제 다제 내성과 관련된 P-gp를 발현시키며, 유전자는 항암제 다제 내성과 무관한 것으로 알려져 있다(Gotteaman MM 등 (2002) Nature Rev Cancer 2, 48-58).
현재까지 P-gp 활성을 억제시키는 효과를 가지는 많은 약물들이 보고되었다. 특히, 칼슘 채널 차단제인 베라파밀(verapamil)과 니페디핀(nifedipine)(Scheffer GL 등 (1995) Nature Med. 1, 578-582) , 칼모듀린 길항제인 트리플루오페라진(trifluoperazine), 스테로이드제인 프로게스테론(progesterone)과 타목시펜(tamoxifen), 퀴논(quinone)계 약물인 클로로퀸(chloroquine)과 퀴니딘(quinidine), 면역억제제인 사이클로스포린(cyclosporine)과 라파마이신(rapamycin), 항생제인 리팜피신(rifampicine)과 테트라사이클린(tetracyclin), 표면활성제인 크레모포어-이케이(Cremorphor-EK), 요힘빈 알카로이드 약물인 레세르핀(recerpine)과 요힘빈(yohimbine)(Laing NM and Tew KD. (1997) in Encyclopedia of cancer, ed. Bertino JR. (Academic Press, San Diego), Vol. 1, pp. 560-570; Fan 등 (1994) in Reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer, ed Kellen JA. (CRC, Boca Raton, FL), pp. 93-125; Picker R 등 (1989) Int. J. Cancer 45, 916-919; Ross DD 등 (1994) Blood 82, 1288-1299; Malayeri R 등 (1996) Lerkemia Lymphoma 23, 451-458), 헥사사이클릭 인돌 알카로이드(hexacyclin indole alkaloid)인 아르디민(ardeemin)(Chou TC 등 (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95, 8369-8374) 등은 P-gp의 활성을 억제시켜 암세포의 다제 내성 효과를 차단기킨다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 다제 내성 극복에 효과가 있다고 보고된 많은 약물들은 부작용이 너무 심하거나 독성이 강해, 실제로 임상적으로 사용되고 있는 예는 극히 제한적이다(Ross DD 등 (1994) Blood 82, 1288-1299; Malayeri R 등 (1996) Leukemia Lymphoma 23, 451-458). 따라서 효과적인 암치료를 위해서는 약제 내성을 극복할 수 있는 분자 화합물을 발명하는 것이 매우 절실한 실정이다.
한편, NF-κB(nuclear factor Kappa B)는 세포사(apoptosis), 면역반응, 염증반응 등의 다양한 세포 반응 조절에 관여하고 있는 전사인자로, p50과 p65 단백질의 복합체로 구성되어 있다.
자극에 없는 상태에서 IκB(Inhibitor of κB) 단백질은 NF-κB와 결합하여 NF-κB 단백질의 활성을 억제시킨다. 그러나, 종양괴사인자-알파(TNF-α), 인터루킨-1(Il-1), 지질다당체(lipopolysaccharide; LPS), 아드리아마이신(adriamycin), 자유라디칼(free radical), 방사선 조사(radiation), 세포성장인자(growth factor) 등의 다양한 자극에 의해 IKK(IκB kinase)가 활성되면 IκB는 단백분해되어 NF-κB 복합체는 핵으로 이동하여 표적 유전자 프로모터(promotor)에 결합하여 전사(transcription)을 촉진시킨다(P.A. Baeurie and D. Baltimore, Cell87, 13-20, 1996).
또한, NF-κB는 각종 염증반응에서 사이클로옥시제네이즈-2(cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), NO2 합성효소(inducible nitric oxide synthase) 등의 유전자 발현과 TNF-α 등의 각종 사이토카인(cytokine), E-셀렉틴(E-selectine), ICAM(Intercellular Adhesion Molecule), VCAM(Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule) 등의 접착분자 발현과 암세포의 세포사멸 신호를 억제하는 중요한 전사인자이다(Epsterin FH (1997) New 뚜히 J Med 336, 1066-1071; Collins T 등 (1995) FASEB J 9, 899-909). 그 예로서 사멸수용체(death receptor)를 매개하여 세포사(apoptosis) 억제활성을 나타내는 단백질로 알려진 Mn-SOD(Mn Superoxide dismutase, A20(zinc finger protein), IAP(inhibitor of apoptosis protein) 등의 유전자 발현조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다(Antwerp DJ 등 (1998) Trends in Cell Biology 8, 107-111; Wang CY 등 (1998) Science 281, 1680-1683).
뿐만 아니라, NF-κB는 mdr1 유전자 프로모터에 직접 결합하여 mdr1 유전자 발현을 촉진시킴으로써 암세포의 다제 내성 유도에 중요한 역할을 한다(Gotteaman MM 등 (2002) Nature Rev Cancer 2, 48-58).
이와 같은 이유로 암세포의 다제 내성 현상을 근복적으로 차단하기 위해서는 mdr 유전자 발현을 유전자 프로모터 수준에서 억제시키는 것이 중요하다.
이에 본 발명자들은 다약제 내성 저해제로 사용가능한 화합물을 찾고자 예의 노력한 결과, 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물이 암세포에서 NF-κB에 의해 유도되는 mdr 유전자 프로모터 활성을 억제함을 확인하고 본 발명을 완성하였다.
결국, 본 발명의 주된 목적은 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물의 새로운 용도를 제공하는데 있다.
본 발명의 목적 및 장점은 하기의 발명의 상세한 설명, 청구범위 및 도면에 의해 보다 명확하게 된다.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 암세포에서 NF-κB에 의해 유도되는 mdr 유전자 프로모터 활성 억제 효과를 갖는 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물을 제공한다.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물의 제조방법을 제공한다.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 저해용 약학 조성물을 제공한다.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 활성 저해제를 제공한다.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 저해용 건강기능식품을 제공한다.
이하, 본 발명을 상세히 설명한다.
본 발명은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물을 제공한다.
본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본은 다약제 내성(multidrug resistace) 프로모터에 대한 저해 활성 효과가 우수하여 암에 관련된 질병 치료제의 내성 예방 또는 치료용 조성물로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
상기 5,6-벤조플라본은 식물로부터 추출, 분리하거나 당업계에 잘 알려진 합성방법에 의해 제조가 가능하며, 본 발명에서는 하기 반응식 1의 방법으로 합성될 수 있다.
[반응식 1]
구체적으로, 본 발명은 (1) 2-하이드록시-1-아세토나프톤(2-Hydroxy-1-acetonaphthone, Ⅰ)을 출발물질로 하여 벤즈알데하이드(benzaldehyde)와 함께 유기용매에 용해한 후 온도를 낮추는 단계; (2) 상기 용액에 알칼리 용액을 천천히 가한 후 온도를 상온으로 올려 상온에서 5~8시간 동안 교반하는 단계; (3) 상기 반응 혼합물을 얼음 위에서 냉각한 후 산 용액으로 pH를 4까지 낮추는 단계; 및 (4) 상기에서 얻어진 고체(Ⅱ)를 가압여과한 후 건조시켜 목적 화합물 5,6-벤조플라본(Ⅲ)을 얻는 단계;를 포함한다. 이때, 상기 (1) 단계의 유기용매는 에탄올을 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 상기 (2) 단계 및 (3) 단계의 알칼리 용액과 산 용액은 각각 50% KOH(w/w) 및 6 N HCl을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.
또한, 본 발명의 제조방법은 상기 수득된 목적 화합물이 불순한 경우, 관 크로마토그래피(cloumn chromatography)를 통해 정제하는 과정을 더 포함할 수 있다.
구체적으로, (a) 상기 화합물을 디메틸설폭사이드(DMSO)에 녹인 후 아이오딘(I2)를 가하여 환류하는 단계; (b) 상기 환류 용액을 상온으로 낮춘 후 얼음물에 넣고 메틸렌클로라이드(CH2Cl2) 용액으로 추출하는 단계; 및 (c) 상기 추출 용액을 황산마그네슘(MgSO4)을 사용하여 물을 제거한 후 감압증류하여 잔사를 관 크로마토그래피를 통해 정제하는 단계;를 포함하며, 이때 상기 (c) 단계에서 관 크로마토그래피의 용출용매로는 에틸아세테이트(Ethylacetate) : 헥산(hexane)을 1 : 4의 비율(v/v)로 혼합한 용매를 사용하는 것이 좋다.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 5,6-벤조플라본 화합물은 또는 약학적으로 허용 가능한 그의 염을 유효 성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성의 예방 또는 저해용 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.
본 발명에서 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염으로는 유리산(free acid)에 의해 형성된 산부가염이 유용하다. 이때, 유리산으로는 유기산과 무기산을 사용할 수 있으며, 무기산으로는 염산(hydrochloric acid), 인산(posphoric acid), 황산(sulfuric acid), 질산(nitric acid) 등을 사용할 수 있고, 유기산으로는 메탄술폰산(methane sulfonic acid), p-톨루엔술폰산(p-toluen sulfonic acid), 아세트산(acetic acid), 트리플루오로아세트산(trifluoroacetic acid), 시트르산(citric acid), 말레익산(maleic acid), 숙신산(succinic acid), 옥살산(oxalic acid), 벤조산(benzoic acid), 타르타르산(tartaric acid), 푸마르산(fumaric acid), 프로피온산(propionic acid), 구연산(citric acid), 젖산(lactic acid), 글리콜산(glycollic acid), 글루콘산(gluconic acid), 갈락트우론산(galacturon acid), 글루탐산(glutamic acid), 글루타르산(glutaric acid), 글루쿠론산(glucuronic acid), 아스파르트산(aspartic acid), 아스코르빈산(ascorbic acid), 카본산(carbonic acid), 바닐릭산(vanillic acid), 히드로아이오딕산(hydroiodic acid) 등을 사용할 수 있다.
또한, 염기를 사용하여 약학적으로 허용 가능한 금속염을 만들 수 있다. 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리토 금속염을, 예를 들면 화합물을 과량의 알칼리 금속 수산화물 또는 알칼리토 금속 수산화물 용액 중에 용해하고, 비용해 화합물염을 여과한 후 여액을 증발, 건조시켜 얻는다. 이때, 금속염으로는 특히 나트륨, 칼륨 또는 칼슘염을 제조하는 것이 제약상 적합하며, 또한 이에 대응하는 은염은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리토 금속염을 적당한 은염(예를 들면, 질산은)과 반응시켜 얻는다.
또한, 본 발명의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염은, 달리 언급되지 않는 한, 본 발명의 화합물에 존재할 수 있는 산성 또는 염기성기의 염을 포함한다. 예를 들면, 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염으로는 히드록시기의 나트륨, 칼슘 및 칼륨 염이 포함되며, 아미노기의 기타 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염으로는 히드로브로마이드(hydrobromide), 황산염(sulfate), 수소 황산염(hydrogen sulfate), 인산염(phosphate), 수소 인산염(hydrogen sulfate), 이수소 인산염(dihydrogen sulfate), 아세테이트(acetate), 숙시네이트(succinate), 시트레이트(citrate), 타르트레이트(tartrate), 락테이트(lactate), 메탄설포네이트(메실레이트, methane sulfonate) 및 p-톨루엔설포네이트(토실레이트, p-toluen sulfonate)염이 있으며, 당업계에서 알려진 염의 제조방법이나 제조과정을 통하여 제조될 수 있다.
상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 또는 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 그의 염은 사용 목적에 따라 적절하게 조절할 수 있으며, 특별한 제약은 없다. 본 발명의 약제 조성물은 일반적인 경구 또는 비경구 투여 방법으로 환자에게 투여될 수 있으며, 고체 또는 액체 형태 어떠한 형태로도 가능하다.
본 발명의 조성물에 의한 개선, 예방 또는 치료 대상 질병인 다약제 내성은 한 종류 약물에 대한 내성이 획득되면 약리 작용이 다른 종류의 약물에 대해서도 내성 효과를 가지는 현상을 총칭하는 의미이다. 본 명세서에서 상기 암은 악성 종양(malignant tumor)과 동일한 의미로도 사용되며, 고체 종양 및 혈액 종양(blood born tumor)을 포함하되 이에 한정되지 않는다.
또한, 암이라는 용어는 방광, 뼈 또는 혈액, 뇌, 유방, 자궁목, 가슴, 결장, 엔드로메트리움(endrometrium), 식도, 눈, 머리, 신장, 소장, 신장, 갑상선, 부갑상선, 내분비조직, 골수, 간, 림프절, 폐, 입, 목, 난소, 췌장, 전립선, 직장, 위, 고환, 인후, 항문 및 자궁의 암을 포함하되 이에 한정되지는 않는 피부 조직, 기관, 혈액 및 혈관의 질병을 의미한다. 특정 암은 진행성 암(advanced malignancy), 아밀로이드증, 신경모세포종, 수막종, 혈관주위세포종, 다발성 뇌 전이(multiple brain metastase), 다형성 아교모세포종(glioblastoma multiforms), 아교모세포종(glioblastoma), 뇌 줄기 신경아교종(brain stem glioma), 나쁜 예후 악성 뇌 종양(poor prognosis malignant brain tumor), 악성 신경아교종(malignant glioma), 재발성 악성 신경아교종(recurrent malignant glioma), 역형성별세포종(anaplastic astrocytoma), 역형성 희소돌기아교세포종(anaplastic oligodendroglioma), 신경내분비 종양, 직장 샘암종(adenocarcinoma), Dukes C & D 직장결장 암, 수술에 의해 제거될 수 없는(unresectable) 직장결장암, 전이성 간세포 암종, 카포시육종, 카로타입(karotype) 급성 골수모구 백혈병, 호지킨 림프종(Hodgkin's lymphoma), 비-호지킨 림프종, 피부 T-세포 림프종, 피부 B-세포 림프종, 확산 거대 B-세포 림프종(diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma), 낮은 등급 감상샘소포암종(low grade follicular lymphoma), 악성 흑색종, 악성 중피 세포암종(mesothelioma), 악성 가슴막삼출 중피세포암종 신드롬(pleural effusion mesothelioma syndrome), 복강 암종, 유두샘 장액 암종(papillary serous carcinoma), 부인성 암종(gynecologic sarcoma), 연 조직 암종(soft tissue sarcoma), 스셀로더마(scelroderma), 피하 맥관염, 란게르한스 세포 조직구증, 평활근육종, 선천골화섬유형성이상(fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive), 호르몬 무반응 전립샘 암, 수술제거 고-위험 연조직 암(resected high-risk soft tissue sarcoma), 수술로 제거되기 어려운 간세포 암종(unrescectable hepatocellular carcinoma), 왈덴스트롬 마크로글로블린혈증, 노출성 골수종(smoldering myeloma), 무통성 골수종, 자궁관 암, 안드로겐 비의존성 전립샘 암, 안드로겐 의존성 스테이지 IV 비-전이성 전림샘 암, 호르몬-비감작성(hormone-insensitive) 전립샘 암, 화학요법제-비감작성 전립샘 암, 유두 감상샘 암종, 소포(follicular) 갑상생 암종, 속질(medullary) 갑상생 암종, 및 평활근종(leiomyoma), 두경부암을 포함하되 이에 한정되지는 않는다.
본 명세서에서 용어 "예방"은 질환 또는 질병을 보유하고 있다고 진단된 적은 없으나, 이러한 질환 또는 질병에 걸리기 쉬운 경향이 있는 동물에서 질환 또는 질병의 발생을 억제하는 것을 의미한다. 본 명세서에서 용어 "치료"는 (1) 질환 또는 질병의 발전의 억제; (2) 질환 또는 질병의 경감; 및 (3) 질환 또는 질병의 제거를 의미한다.
본 발명의 조성물들은 암의 예방 또는 치료를 위하여 항암제 전에, 동시에 또는 차후에 투여될 수 있다. 이를 임상적인 목적으로 투여시에 치료학적으로 유효한 양으로 투여한다. 용어 "치료학적으로 유효한 양(therapeutically effective amout)"는 의학적 치료에 적용 가능한 합리적인 수혜/위험 비율로 질환을 치료하기에 충분한 양을 의미하며, 특정 환자에 대한 유효량은 연령, 성별, 체중, 건강 상태, 투여시간, 투여 경로, 배출 비율, 약제혼합 및 질환의 중증도에 따라 변화될 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 1종 이상의 액체 또는 고체 담체를 더 포함할 수 있다. 또한 보통 사용하는 충진제, 증량제, 결합제, 습윤제, 붕해제, 활택제, 계면활성제 등의 희석제 또는 부형제를 사용하여 조제될 수 있으나 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
상기 고체 형태의 제제에는 정제, 환제, 산제, 과립제, 캡슐제, 펠렛제, 세립제 또는 분제일 수 있으며, 이러한 고형제제는 상기 화합물에 담체, 부형제 및/또는 희석제를 첨가하여 조제할 수 있다. 상기 담체, 부형제 및/또는 희석제로는 락토오스(lactose), 수크로오스(sucrose), 덱스트로오스(dextrose), 만니톨(mannitol), 말리톨(malitol), 소르비톨(sorbitol), 자일리톨(xylitol), 에리트리톨(erithritol), 전분(starch), 아카시아고무(acacia rubber), 알지네이트(alginate), 젤라틴(gelatin), 칼슘 포스페이트(calcium phosphate), 칼슘 실리케이트(calcium silicate), 셀룰로오스(cellulose), 폴리비닐 피롤리돈(polyvinyl pyrrolidone), 마그네슘 스테아레이트(magnesium stearate) 및 광물유 등이 있다.
상기 액체 형태의 제제는 용액, 현탁액 또는 유탁액일 수 있으며, 흔히 사용되는 단순 희석제인 물, 리퀴드 파라핀 이외에 여러 가지 부형제, 예를 들면 습윤제, 감미제, 방향제, 보존제 등이 포함될 수 있다. 경구용으로 적당한 수성 현탁제로는 미분된 활성 성분을 천연 또는 합성검, 수지, 메틸셀룰로오스(methyl cellulose), 소디움카르복시메틸셀룰로오스(Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) 및 공지의 현탁제와 같은 점성 물질에 분산시켜 제조될 수 있다.
본 명세서에서 개시된 약학적 조성물 및 투여 형태에서의 사용될 수 있는 충진제의 예는 탈크, 칼슘 카보네이트(예를 들어, 과립 또는 파우더), 미결정 셀룰로오스,분말 셀룰로오스, 덱스트레이트, 카올린, 만니톨, 실리식산, 소르비톨, 전분, 프리-젤라틴환 전분, 및 그들의 혼합물을 포함하나 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 본 발명의 약학적 조성물의 결합제 또는 충진제는 일반적으로 약학적 조성물 또는 투여 형태의 약 50 내지 약 99 중량% 존재한다.
본 명세서에서 개시된 약학적 조성물 및 투여 형태에서의 사용될 수 있는 붕해제는 정제가 수성 환경에 노출되었을 때 붕해되도록 하기 위한 것이다. 너무 많은 붕해제를 함유한 정제는 보관 중에 붕해될 수 있는 반면, 너무 적게 함유한 정제는 바람직한 조건 하에서 바람직한 속도로 붕해되지 않는다. 따라서 활성 성분의 방출을 조절하는데 나쁘지 않도록 너무 많지도 너무 적지도 않은 충분한 붕해제의 양이 본 발명의 고형 경구 투여 형태를 형성하기 위해 사용되어야 한다. 사용된 붕해제의 양은 제제의 타입에 따라 다양하고, 본 발명이 속한 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 쉽게 판단할 수 있다. 전형적인 약학적 조성물은 약 0.5 내지 약 15 중량%의 붕해제, 바람직하게는 약 1 내지 약 5 중량%의 붕해제를 함유한다.본 발명의 약학적 조성물 및 투여 형태에서 사용될 수 있는 붕해제는 아가-아가, 알지닉 산, 칼슘 카보네이트,미결정 셀룰로오스, 크로스카멜로스 소디움, 크로스포비돈, 포라크릴린 포타시움, 소디움 전분 글리콜렝미트,감자 또는 타피오카 전분, 다른 전분, 프리-젤라틴화 전분, 다른 전분, 점토, 다른 알진, 다른 셀룰로오스, 검류, 및 그들의 혼합물을 포함하나 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
본 발명의 약학적 조성물 및 투여 형태에서 사용될 수 있는 활택제는 칼슘 스테아레이트, 마그네슘 스테아레이트, 미네랄 오일, 경(light) 미네랄 오일, 글리세린, 소르비톨, 만니톨, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜, 다른 글리콜, 스테아릭 산, 소디움 라우릴 설페이트, 탈크, 수소화 식물유(예를 들어, 땅콩 유, 면실 유, 해바라기 유, 참깨 유,올리브 유, 옥수수 유, 및 콩 유), 진크 스테아레이트, 에틸 올레에이트, 에틸 라우레에이트, 아가, 및 그들의혼합물을 포함하나 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 부가적 활택제는 예를 들어, 실로이드 실리카(AEROSIL200, W.R. Grace Co. 제조, Baltimore, MD), 합성 실리카의 응고 에어로솔(coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica,Degussa Co. 제조, Plano, TX), CAB-O-SIL(pyrogenic silicon dioxide product, Cabot Co., Boston, MA), 및 그들의 혼합물을 포함한다. 만약 사용된다면, 활택제는 일반적으로 그것이 포함된 약학적 조성물 또는 투여 형태의 약 1 중량% 이하의 양으로 사용된다.
본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 경구 또는 비경구로 투여할 수 있고, 비경구로 투여되는 경우, 정맥내 주입, 피하 주입, 근육 주입, 복강 주입, 경피 투여 등으로 투여할 수 있다. 본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 적용되는 질환의 종류에 따라, 투여 경로가 결정되는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 비경구 투여제로는 주사제, 점적제, 수액, 연고, 스프레이제, 현탁제, 유제, 좌제 등을 들 수 있다. 비경구 투여를 위한 제제에는 멸균된 수용액, 비수성용제, 현탁제, 유제, 동결건조 제제 및 좌제가 포함된다. 비수성용제, 현탁제로는 프로필렌글리콜(propylene glycol), 폴리에틸렌글리콜(polyethylene glycol), 올리브 오일과 같은 식물성 오일, 에틸올레이트(ethyl oleate)와 같은 주사 가능한 에스테르 등이 사용될 수 있다. 좌제의 기제로는 위텝솔(witepsol), 마크로골(macrogol), 트윈(tween) 61, 카카오지, 라우린지, 글리세로젤라틴(glycerogelatin) 등이 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 암을 치료, 예방 또는 처리하는데 통상적으로 사용되어온 치료법과 병용하여 투여된다. 그러한 통상적 치료법의 예는 외과수술, 화학요법, 방사선 요법, 호르몬 요법, 생물학적 요법 및 면역요법을 포함하되 이에 한정되지는 않는다.
또한 본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 다른 항암제와 병용 사용함으로써, 암의 예방이나 치료에 효과적일 수 있다. 본 발명의 약학적 조성물과 병용 투여될 수 있는 다른 항암제는 아래와 같다.
본 발명의 조성물과 병용 투여될 수 있는 항암제의 예는 아시비신(acivicin); 아클라루비신(aclarubicin); 아코다졸 아이드로클로라이드(acodazolehydrochloride); 아크로닌(acronine); 아도젤레신(adozelesin); 알데스루킨(aldesleukin); 알트레트아민(altretamine);암보마이신(ambomycin);아메탄트론아세테이트(ametantroneacetate); 암사크린(amsacrine); 아나스트로졸(anastrozole); 안트라마이신(anthramycin); 아스파라기나제(asparaginase); 아스페린(asperlin); 아자시티딘(azacitidine); 아제테파(azetepa); 아조토마이신(azotomycin); 바티마스타트(batimastat); 벤조데파(benzodepa); 비칼루트아미드(bicalutamide); 비산트렌 하이드로클로라이드(bisantrene hydrochloride); 비스나피드 디메실레이트(bisnafide dimesylate); 바젤레신(bizelesin); 블레오마이신 설페이트(bleomycin sulfate); 브레퀴나 소디움(brequinar sodium); 브로피리민(bropirimine); 부술판(busulfan); 칵티노마이신(cactinomycin); 칼루스테론(calusterone); 카라세마이드(caracemide); 카베티머(carbetimer); 카보플라틴(carboplatin); 카무스틴(carmustine); 카루비신 하이드로클로라이드(carubicin hydrochloride); 카젤레신(carzelesin); 세데핀골(cedefingol) ; 셀레콕시브(celecoxib)(COX-2 억제제); 클로암부실(chlorambucil); 시롤레마이신(cirolemycin); 시스플라틴(cisplatin); 글라드리빈(cladribine); 크리스나톨 메실레이트(crisnatol mesylate); 시클로포스파미드(cyclophosphamide); 시타라빈(cytarabine); 다카바진(dacarbazine); 닥티노마이신(dactinomycin); 다우노루비신 하이드로클로라이드(daunorubicin hydrochloride); 데시타빈(decitabine); 덱소마플라틴(dexormaplatin); 데자구아닌(dezaguanine); 데자구아닌 메실레이트(dezaguanine mesylate); 디아지쿠온(diaziquone); 도세탁셀(docetaxel); 독소루비신(doxorubicin); 독소루비신 하이드로클로라이드(doxorubicin hydrochloride); 드롤록시펜(droloxifene); 드롤록시펜 시트레이트(droloxifene citrate); 드로모스타놀론 프로피오네이트(dromostanolone propionate); 두아조마이신(duazomycin); 에다트렉세이트(edatrexate); 데플로니틴 하이드로클로라이드(eflornithine hydrochloride); 엘사미드루신(elsamitrucin); 엔로플라틴(enloplatin); 엔프로메이트(enpromate); 에피프로피딘(epipropidine); 에피루비신 하이드로클로라이드(epirubicin hydrochloride); 에루불로졸(erbulozole); 에소루비신 하이드로클로라이드(esorubicin hydrochloride); 에스트라무스틴(estramustine); 에스트라무스틴 포스페이트 소디움(estramustine phosphate sodium); 에타니다졸(etanidazole); 에토포시드(etoposide); 에토포시드 포스페이트(etoposide phosphate); 에토프린(etoprine);파드로졸 하이드로클로라이드(fadrozole hydrochloride); 파자라빈(fazarabine); 펜레티니드(fenretinide); 플록수리딘(floxuridine); 플루다라빈 포스페이트(fludarabine phosphate); 플루오로우라실(fluorouracil); 플로오로시타빈(flurocitabine); 포스퀴돈(fosquidone); 포스트리에신 소디움(fostriecin sodium); 젬시타빈(gemcitabine); 젬시타빈 하이드로클로라이드(gemcitabine hydrochloride); 히드록시우레아; 이다루비신 하이드로클로라이드(idarubicin hydrochloride); 이포스파미드(ifosfamide); 일모포신(ilmofosine); 이프로플라틴(iproplatin); 이리노테칸(irinotecan); 이리노테칸 하이드로클로라이드(irinotecan hydrochloride); 란레오티드 아세테이트(lanreotide acetate); 레트로졸(letrozole); 류프롤리드 아세테이트(leuprolide acetate); 리아로졸 하이드로클로라이드(liarozole hydrochloride); 로메트렉솔 소디움(lometrexol sodium); 로무스틴(lomustine); 로속산트론 하이드로클로라이드(losoxantrone hydrochloride); 마소프로콜(masoprocol); 마이탄신(maytansine); 메크로레타민 하이드로클로라이드(mechlorethamine hydrochloride); 메게스트롤 아세테이트(megestrol acetate); 멜렌게스트롤 아세테이트(melengestrol acetate); 멜파란(melphalan); 메노가릴(menogaril); 메캡토퓨린(mercaptopurine); 메토트렉세이트(methotrexate); 메토트렉세이트 소디움(methotrexate sodium); 메토프린(metoprine); 메투레데파(meturedepa); 미틴도미드(mitindomide); 미토카신(mitocarcin); 미토크로민(mitocromin); 미토길린(mitogillin); 미토말신(mitomalcin); 미토마이신(mitomycin); 미토스퍼(mitosper); 미토테인(mitotane); 미토잔트론 하이드로클로라이드(mitoxantronehydrochloride); 미코페놀릭 애시드(mycophenolic acid); 노코다졸(nocodazole); 노갈라마이신(nogalamycin);오마플라틴(ormaplatin); 옥시수란(oxisuran); 파클리탁셀(paclitaxel); 페가스파가제(pegaspargase); 펠리오마이신(peliomycin); 펜타무스틴(pentamustine); 페플로마이신 설페이트(peplomycin sulfate); 퍼포스파미드(perfosfamide); 피포브로만(pipobroman); 피포술판(piposulfan); 피로잔트론 하이드로클로라이드(piroxantrone hydrochloride); 플리카마이신(plicamycin); 플로메스탄(plomestane); 포피머 소디움(porfimersodium); 포피로마이신(porfiromycin); 프레드니무스틴(prednimustine); 프로카바진 하이드로클로라이드(procarbazine hydrochloride); 푸로마이신(puromycin); 푸로마이신 하이드로믈로라이드(puromycinhydrochloride); 피라조푸린(pyrazofurin); 리보프린(riboprine); 사핀골(safingol); 사핀골 하이드로클로라이드(safingol hydrochloride); 세무스틴(semustine); 심트라젠(simtrazene); 스파포세이트 소디움(sparfosatesodium); 스파소마이신(sparsomycin); 스피로게르마늄 하이드로클로라이드(spirogermanium hydrochloride); 스피로무스틴(spiromustine); 스피로플라틴(spiroplatin); 스트렙토니그린(streptonigrin); 스트렙토조신(streptozocin); 술로페너(sulofenur); 탈리소마이신(talisomycin); 테코갈란 소디움(tecogalan sodium); 탁소테레(taxotere); 테갈퍼(tegafur); 텔로잔트론 하이드로클로라이드(teloxantrone hydrochloride); 테모포르핀(temoporfin); 테니포시드(teniposide); 테록시론(teroxirone); 테스토락톤(testolactone); 티아미프린(thiamiprine); 티오구아닌(thioguanine); 티오테파(thiotepa); 티아조푸린(tiazofurin) ; 티라파자민(tirapazamine); 토레미펜 시트레이트(toremifene citrate); 트레스톨론 아세테이트(trestolone acetate); 트리시리빈 포스페이트(triciribine phosphate); 트리메트렉세이트(trimetrexate); 트리메트렉세이트 글루쿠로네이트(trimetrexate glucuronate); 트리프토렐린(triptorelin); 투불로졸 하이드로클로라이드(tubulozolehydrochloride); 우라실 머스타드(uracil mustard); 우레데파(uredepa); 바프레티드(vapreotide); 베르테포르핀(verteporfin); 빈블라스틴 설페이트(vinblastine sulfate); 빈크리스틴 설페이트(vincristine sulfate); 빈데신(vindesine); 빈데신 설페이트(vindesine sulfate); 빈에피딘 설페이트(vinepidine sulfate); 빈글리시네이트 설페이트(vinglycinate sulfate); 빈루로신 설페이트(vinleurosine sulfate); 빈오렐빈 타르트레이트(vinorelbine tartrate); 빈로시딘 설페이트(vinrosidine sulfate); 진졸리딘 설페이트(vinzolidine sulfate);보로졸(vorozole); 제니플라틴(zeniplatin); 지노스타틴(zinostatin); 및 조루비신 하이드로클로라이드(zorubicin hydrochloride)를 포함하되 이에 한정되지는 않는다.
다른 항암 약물은 20-에피-1, 25디히드록시비타민 D3; 5-에티닐우라실(ethynyluracil); 아비라테론(abiraterone); 아클라루비신(aclarubicin); 아실풀벤(acylfulvene); 아데시페놀(adecypenol); 아도젤레신(adozelesin); 알데스루킨(aldesleukin); ALL-TK 대항제; 알트레타민(altretamine); 암바무스틴(ambamustine);아미독스(amidox); 아미포스틴(amifostine); 아미노레불리닉 애시드(aminolevulinic acid); 암루비신(amrubicin); 암사크린(amsacrine); 아나그레리드(anagrelide); 아나스트로졸(anastrozole); 안드로그라폴리드(andrographolide); 혈관신생 억제제; 대항제 D; 대항제 G; 안타렐릭스(antarelix); 안티-도살라이징 형태발생단백질-1(anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1); 안티안드로겐(antiandrogen), 전립샘 암종(prostaticcarcinoma); 안티에스트로겐(antiestrogen); 안티네오플라스톤(antineoplaston); 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오티드(antisense oligonucleotides); 아피디콜린 글리시네이트(aphidicolin glycinate); 아포프토시스 유전지 조정자(apoptosis gene modulators); 아포프도시스 조절자(apoptosis regulators); 아푸리닉 애시드(apurinicacid); 아라(ara)-CDP-DL-PTBA; 아르기닌 디아미나제(arginine deaminase); 아술아크린(asulacrine); 아타메스탄(atamestane); 아트리무스탄(atrimustine); 악시나스타틴 1(axinastatin 1); 악시타스타틴 2(axinastatin2); 악시나스타틴 3(axinastatin 3); 아자세트론(azasetron); 아자톡신(azatoxin); 아자티로신(azatyrosine);박카틴 III 유도체(baccatin III derivatives); 발라놀(balanol); 바티마스타트(batimastat); BCR/ABL 대항제;벤조클로린(benzochlorins); 벤조일스타우로스포린(benzoylstaurosporine); 베타락탐 유도체(beta lactamderivatives); 베타-알레틴(beta-alethine); 베타클라마이신 B(betaclamycin B); 베툴리닉 애시드(betulinicacid); bFGF 억제제; 비칼루타미드(bicalutamide); 비스안트렌(bisantrene); 비스아지리디닐스퍼민(bisaziridinylspermine); 비스나피드(bisnafide); 비스트라텐 A(bistratene A); 비젤레신(bizelesin); 브레플레이트(breflate); 브로피리민(bropirimine); 부도티탄(budotitane); 부티오닌 설폭시민(buthioninesulfoximine); 칼시포트리올(calcipotriol); 칼포스틴 C(calphostin C); 캄프토테신 유도체(camptothecinderivatives); 카페시타빈(capecitabine); 카르복스아미드-아미노-트리아졸; 카르복시아미노트리아졸; CaRestM3; CARN 700; 연골 유래 억제제(cartilage derived inhibitor); 카젤레신(carzelesin); 카제인 키나제 억제제(casein kinase inhibitors) (ICOS); 카스타노스퍼민(castanospermine); 세크로핀 B(cecropin B); 세트로렐릭스(cetrorelix); 클로른(chlorlns); 클로로퀴녹살린 술폰아미드(chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide); 시카프로스트(cicaprost); 시스-포르피린(cis-porphyrin); 클라드리빈(cladribine); 클로미펜 유사물(clomifeneanalogues); 클로트리마졸(clotrimazole); 콜리스마이신 A(collismycin A); 콜리스마이신 B(collismycin B);콤브레타스타틴 A4(combretastatin A4); 콤브레트스타틴 유사물(combretastatin analogue); 코나게닌(conagenin); 크람베시딘 816(crambescidin 816); 크리스나톨(crisnatol); 크립토피신 8(cryptophycin 8); 프립토피신 A 유도체(cryptophycin A derivatives); 쿠라신 A(curacin A); 시클로펜탄트라퀴논(cyclopentanthraquinones); 시클로플라탐(cycloplatam); 시페마이신(cypemycin); 시타라빈 옥포스페이트(cytarabine ocfosfate); 시톨리틱 인자(cytolytic factor); 시토스타틴(cytostatin); 다클릭시맙(dacliximab); 데시타빈(decitabine); 디하이드로디데민 B(dehydrodidemnin B); 데슬로렐린(deslorelin); 덱사메타손(dexamethasone); 덱시포스파미드(dexifosfamide); 덱스라족산(dexrazoxane); 덱스베라파밀(dexverapamil); 디아지쿠온(diaziquone); 디뎀닌 B(didemnin B); 디독스(didox); 디에틸노르스퍼민(diethylnorspermine); 디하이드로-5-아자시티딘(dihydro-5-azacytidine); 디하이드로탁솔(dihydrotaxol); 디옥사마이신(dioxamycin); 디페닐 스피로무스틴(diphenyl spiromustine); 도세탁셀(docetaxel); 도코사놀(docosanol); 도라세트론(dolasetron); 독시플루리딘(doxifluridine); 독소루비신(doxorubicin); 드롤록시펜(droloxifene); 드로나비놀(dronabinol); 두오카마이신(duocarmycin) SA; 에브셀렌(ebselen); 에코무스틴(ecomustine); 에델포신(edelfosine); 에드로콜로맙(edrocolomab); 에플로니틴(eflornithine); 엘레멘(elemene); 에미테퍼(emitefur); 에피루비신(epirubicine); 에피스테리드(episteride); 에스트라무스틴 유사물(estramustine analogue); 에스트로겐 대항제; 에타니다졸(etanidazole); 에토포시드 포스페이트(etoposidephosphate); 엑서메스탄(exemestane); 파드로졸(fadrozole); 파자라빈(fazarabine); 펜레티니드(fenretinide);필그라스팀(filgrastim); 피나스테리드(finasteride); 플라보피리돌(flavopiridol); 플레젤라스틴(flezelastine); 플루아스테론(fluasterone); 플루오로다우노루니신 하이드로클로라이드(fluorodaunorunicinhydrochloride); 포페니멕스(forfenimex); 포메스탄(formestane); 포스트레신(fostrecin); 가돌리늄 텍사피린(gadolinium texaphyrin); 갈륨 니트레이트(gallium nitrate); 갈로시타빈(galocitabine); 가니렐릭스(ganirelix); 젤라티나제 억제제(gelatinase inhibitors); 젬시타빈(gemcitabine); 글루타치온 억제제(glutathione inhibitors); 헤프술감(hepsulgam); 헤레굴린(heregulin); 헥사메틸렌 비스아세트아미드; 하이페리신(hypericin); 이반드로닉 애시드(ibandronic acid); 이다루비신(idarubicin); 이독시펜(idoxifene); 이드라만톤(idramantone); 일모포신(ilmofosine); 일로마스타트(ilomastat); 이마티닙(imatinib) (예를 들면,Gleevec ), 이미퀴모드(imiquimod); 면역자극 펩타이드; 인슐린 유사 성장인자-1 수용체 억제제(insulin-likegrowth factor-1 receptor inhibitor); 인터페론 대항제; 인터페론; 인터루킨; 아이오벤구안(iobenguane); 아이오도독소루비신(iododoxorubicin); 이포미아놀(ipomeanol); 이로플락트(iroplact); 이르소글라딘(irsogladine); 이소벤가졸(isobengazole); 이소호모할리콘드린 B(isohomohalicondrin B); 이타세트론
(itasetron); 자스플라키놀리드(jasplakinolide); 카할랄리드 F(kahalalide F); 라멜라린-N 트리아세테이트(lamellarin-N triacetate); 란레오티드(lanreotide); 레이나마이신(leinamycin); 레노그라스팀(lenograstim);렌티난 설페이트(lentinan sulfate); 렙톨스타틴(leptolstatin); 레트로졸(letrozole); 루케미아 억제 인자(leukemia inhibiting factor); 루코사이트 알파 인터페론(leukocyte alpha interferon); 루프롤리드(leuprolide)+에스트로겐+프로게스테론; 루프로렐린(leuprorelin); 레바미솔(levamisole); 리아로졸(liarozole); 선형 폴리아민 유사물; 친유성 디사카라이드 펩타이드(lipophilic disaccharide peptide); 친유성 플라티눔 화합물(lipophilic platinum compounds); 리소클린아미드(lissoclinamide) 7; 로바플라틴(lobaplatin); 롬브리신(lombricine); 로메트렉속(lometrexol); 로니다민(lonidamine); 로속잔트론(losoxantrone); 록소리빈(loxoribine); 루토테칸(lurtotecan); 루테티움 텍사피린(lutetium texaphyrin); 리소필린(lysofylline); 리틱 펩타이드(lytic peptides); 마이탄신(maitansine); 만노스타틴 A(mannostatin A);마리마스타트(marimastat); 마소프로콜(masoprocol); 마스핀(maspin); 마트리리신 억제제(matrilysininhibitors); 매트릭스 메탈로프로테인나제 억제제(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors); 메노가릴(menogaril); 메르바론(merbarone); 메테렐린(meterelin); 메티오니나제(methioninase); 메토클로프라미드(metoclopramide); MIF 억제제; 미페프리스톤(mifepristone); 밀테포신(miltefosine); 미리모스팀(mirimostim); 미토구아존(mitoguazone); 미토락톨(mitolactol); 미토마이신 유사물(mitomycin analogues); 미토나피드(mitonafide); 미토톡신 피브로블라스트(mitotoxin fibroblast) 성장인자-사포린(saporin); 미토잔트론(mitoxantrone); 모파로텐(mofarotene); 몰그라모스팀(molgramostim); 에르비툭스(Erbitux), 인간 융모막 고나도트로핀(human chorionic gonadotrophin); 모노포스포릴 리피드(monophosphoryl lipid) A+미오박테리움 세포벽 sk(myobacterium cell wall sk); 모피다몰(mopidamol); 머스타드 항암제; 미카페록사이드 B(mycaperoxideB); 미코박테이라 세포벽 추출물(mycobacterial cell wall extract); 미리아포론(myriaporone); N-아세틸디날린; N-치환 벤즈아미드; 나파렐린(nafarelin); 나그레스팁(nagrestip); 날록손(naloxone)+펜타조신(pentazocine); 나파빈(napavin); 나프테르핀(naphterpin); 나토그라스팀(nartograstim); 네다플라틴(nedaplatin); 네모루비신(nemorubicin); 네리드로닉(neridronic) 애시드; 닐루트아미드(nilutamide); 니사마이신(nisamycin); 니트릭 옥사이드 조정자(nitric oxide modulators); 니트록사이드 항산화제(nitroxideantioxidant); 니트룰린(nitrullyn); 오블리머센(oblimersen) (Genasense); 벤질구아닌; 옥트레오티드(octreotide); 오키세논(okicenone); 올리고뉴클레오티드(oligonucleotides); 오나프리스톤(onapristone); 온단세트론(ondansetron); 온단세트론(ondansetron); 오라신(oracin); 경구 사이토카인 유발인자; 오마플라틴(ormaplatin); 오사테론(osaterone); 옥살리플라틴(oxaliplatin); 옥사우노마이신(oxaunomycin); 파클리탁셀(paclitaxel); 파클리탁셀 유사물(paclitaxel analogues); 파클리탁셀 유도체(paclitaxel derivatives); 팔라우아민(palauamine); 팔미토일리족신(palmitoylrhizoxin); 팔미드로닉(pamidronic) 애시드; 파낙시트리올(panaxytriol); 파노미펜(panomifene); 파라박틴(parabactin); 파젤립틴(pazelliptine); 페가파가제(pegaspargase); 펠데신(peldesine); 펜토산 폴리설페이트 소디움(pentosan polysulfate sodium); 펜토스타틴(pentostatin); 펜트로졸(pentrozole); 퍼플루브론(perflubron); 퍼포스파미드(perfosfamide); 페릴릴 알코올(perillyl alcohol); 페나지노마이신(phenazinomycin); 페닐아세테이트; 포스파타제 억제제(phosphataseinhibitors); 피시바닐(picibanil); 필로카핀 하이드로클로라이드(pilocarpine hydrochloride); 피라루비신(pirarubicin); 피리트렉심(piritrexim); 플라세틴(placetin) A; 플라세틴 B; 플라스미노겐 활성자 저해제(plasminogen activator inhibitor); 플라티눔 복합체(platinum complex); 플라티눔 화합물(platinumcompounds); 플라티눔-트리아민 복합체(platinum-triamine complex); 포르피머 소디움(porfimer sodium); 포르피로마이신(porfiromycin); 프레드니손(prednisone); 프로필 비스-아크리돈(propyl bis-acridone); 프로스탄글란딘 J2; 프로테아좀 억제제; 단백질 A-기초 면역 조절자; 단백질 키나제 C 억제제; 단백질 키나제 C 억제제,레오시드 포스포릴라제 억제제; purpurins; 피라졸로아크리딘; 피리독실레이티드 헤모글로빈 폴리옥시에틸렌 컨쥬게이트; 라프(raf) 대항제; raltitrexed; 라모세트론; 라스 파네실 단백질 트랜스퍼라제 억제제; 라스 억제제; 라스-GAP 억제제; 레텔리프틴 디메틸레이티드; 레늄 Re 186 에티드로네이트(rhenium Re 186 etidronate); 리족신(rhizoxin); 리보자임; RII 레티나미드; 로히투킨; 로무티드(romurtide); 로퀴니멕스(roquinimex); 루비기논(rubiginone) B1; 루복실; 사핀골; 사인토핀; SarCNU; 사르코피톨 A; 사르그라모스팀(sargramostim); Sdi 1 유사체(mimetics); 세무스틴; 노화 유래 억제제1(senescence derived inhibitor 1); 감각 올리고뉴클리오티드(sense oligonucleotides); 신호전달 억제제(signal transduction inhibitors); 시조피란(sizofiran); 소부족산; 소디움 보로캅테이트; 소디움 페닐아세테이트; 솔베롤; 소마토메딘 결합 단백질; 소네르민(sonermin); 스파르포식(sparfosic) 애시드; 스피카마이신(spicamycin) D; 스피로무스틴(spiromustine); 스플레노펜틴(splenopentin); 스폰지스타틴(spongistatin) 1; 스쿠알아민(squalamine); 스티피아미드(stipiamide); 스트로멜리신(stromelysin) 억제제; 술피노신(sulfinosine); 수퍼액티브 바소액티브 인테스티날 펩타이드(superactive vasoactive intestinal peptide) 대항제; 수라디스타(suradista); 수라민(suramin); 스웨인소닌(swainsonine); 탈리무스틴(tallimustine); 타목시펜 메티오디드(tamoxifen methiodide); 타우로무스틴(tauromustine); 타자로텐(tazarotene); 테코갈란 소디움(tecogalan sodium); 테카푸르(tegafur); 텔루라피릴륨(tellurapyrylium); 텔로머라제 억제제(telomeraseinhibitors); 테모포르핀(temoporfin); 테니포시드(teniposide); 테트라클로로데카옥사이드(tetrachlorodecaoxide); 테트라조민(tetrazomine); 탈리블라스틴(thaliblastine); 티오코랄린(thiocoraline);트롬보포이에틴(thrombopoietin); 트롬보포이에틴 유사체(thrombopoietin mimetic); 티말파신(thymalfasin);티모포이에틴 수용체 작용제(thymopoietin receptor agonist); 티모트리난(thymotrinan); 티로이드 자극 호르몬(thyroid stimulating hormone); 틴 에틸 에티오푸푸린(tin ethyl etiopurpurin); 티라파자민(tirapazamine); 티타노센 비클로라이드(titanocene bichloride); 토프센틴(topsentin); 토레미펜(toremifene); 번역 저해제(translation inhibitors); 트레티노인(tretinoin); 트리아세틸우리딘(triacetyluridine); 트리시리빈(triciribine); 트리메트렉세이트(trimetrexate); 트리프토렐린(triptorelin);트로피세트론(tropisetron); 투로스테리드(turosteride); 티로신 키나제 억제제(tyrosine kinase inhibitors);티르포스틴(tyrphostins); UBC 억제제; 유베니멕스(ubenimex); 비뇨생식굴-유래 성장 억제 인자(urogenitalsinus-derived growth inhibitory factor); 유로키나제 수용체 (urokinase receptor) 대항제; 바프레오티드(vapreotide); 바리올린(variolin) B; 베라레솔(velaresol); 베라민(veramine); 베르딘(verdins); 베르테포르핀(verteporfin); 비노렐빈(vinorelbine); 빈잘틴(vinxaltine); 비탁신(vitaxin); 보로졸(vorozole); 자노테론(zanoterone); 제니플라틴(zeniplatin); 질라스코릅(zilascorb); 및 지노스타틴 스티말라머(zinostatinstimalamer)를 포함하되 이에 한정되지는 않는다.
그러나, 다약제 내성 예방 효과를 목적으로 하는 본 발명에 따른 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 함유 제제는 상술된 것으로 제한되는 것은 아니며, 암의 치료나 예방에 유용한 제제라면 어떠한 것도 포함될 수 있다.
또한 본 발명은 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone)을 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성 활성 저해제를 제공한다.
상기 다약제 내성 활성 저해제는 암의 예방 또는 치료를 위한 NF-κB 활성 저해제로도 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 암 뿐만 아니라 세포의 항증식(antiproliferative) 효과가 뛰어나서 염증 질환, 혈관 협착증 및 혈관 생성 등 세포 증식에 관련된 질병의 예방 또는 치료를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명은 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone)을 유효성분으로 포함하는 식품 조성물을 제공한다.
본 발명의 식품 조성물은 기능성 식품(functional food), 영양 보조제(nutritinal supplement), 건강식품(health food) 및 식품 첨가제(food additives) 등의 모든 형태를 포함한다. 상기 유형의 식품 조성물은 그대로 첨가하거나 다른 식품 또는 식품 성분과 함께 사용될 수 있고, 당 업계에 공지된 통상적인 방법에 따라 다양하게 사용될 수 있다.
예를 들면, 기능성 식품으로는 육류, 소세지, 빵, 쵸코렛, 캔디류, 스넥류, 과자류, 피자, 라면, 기타 면류, 껌류, 아이스크림류를 포함한 낙농제품, 각종 스프, 음료, 차, 드링크제, 알콜 음료 및 비타민 복합제 등에 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 또는 약학적으로 허용 가능한 그의 염을 첨가하여 제조할 수 있다.
상기 음료 조성물로는 통상의 음료와 같이 여러 가지 향미제 또는 천연 탄수화물 등을 추가 성분으로서 함유할 수 있다. 상술한 천연 탄수화물은 포도당, 과당과 같은 모노사카라이드(monosaccharide), 말토오스(maltose), 수크로오스(sucrose)와 같은 디사카라이드(disaccharide) 및 덱스트린(dextrin), 사이클로덱스트린(cyclodextrin)과 같은 폴리사카라이드(polysaccharide), 자일리톨(xylitol), 소르비톨(sorbitol), 에리트리톨(erythritol) 등의 당알콜이다. 감미제로서는 타우마틴(thaumatin), 스테비아 추출물(Stevia extracts)과 같은 천연 감미제나 사카린(saccharin), 아스파르탐(aspartame)과 같은 합성 감미제 등을 사용할 수 있다.
또한, 건강식품으로는 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 자체를 과립화, 캡슐화 및 분말화하여 섭취할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone)과 항암 효과가 있다고 알려진 공지의 활성 성분과 함께 혼합하여 조성물의 형태로 제조할 수 있다.
상기 외에 본 발명의 식품 조성물은 여러 가지 영양제, 비타민, 전해질, 풍미제, 착색제, 펙트산 및 그의 염, 알긴산 및 그의 염, 유기산, 보호성 콜로이드 증점제, pH 조절제, 안정화제, 방부제, 글리세린, 알콜, 탄산 음료에 사용되는 탄산화제 등을 함유할 수 있다. 그 밖에 본 발명의 조성물은 천연 과일쥬스, 과일쥬스 음료 또는 야채 음료의 제조를 위한 과육을 함유할 수 있다. 이러한 성분은 독립적으로 또는 조합하여 사용할 수 있다.
식품에 대한 용이한 접근성을 고려하면, 본 발명의 식품 조성물은 암의 예방 또는 개선용으로 매우 유용하다.
본 발명에 따른 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물은 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 프로모터 활성을 억제하는 기능이 우수하므로 항암제 내성을 보이는 암의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물, NF-κB의 전사 활성 억제제, 건강기능식품의 개발에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다.
도 1은 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본의 수소핵자기공명분광 스텍트럼을 나타낸 것이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본의 탄소핵자기공명분광 스텍트럼을 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본에 의한 다약제 내성 저해 활성을 분석한 리포터 유전자 분석표이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본의 탄소핵자기공명분광 스텍트럼을 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본에 의한 다약제 내성 저해 활성을 분석한 리포터 유전자 분석표이다.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 이들 실시예는 오로지 본 발명을 예시하기 위한 것으로서, 본 발명의 범위가 이들 실시예에 의해 제한되는 것으로 해석되지는 않는 것은 당업계에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 자명할 것이다.
실시예 1. 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone)의 제조
2-하이드록시-1-아세토나프톤(2-Hydroxy-1-acetonaphtone) 1.86 g(10 mmol)과 상응하는 벤즈알데하이드(benzaldehyde) 12 mmol을 에탄올 40 ㎖에 녹인 후 얼음물을 사용하여 온도를 낮추었다. 차가운 혼합물에 50% KOH(w/w) 용액을 10 ㎖ 천천히 가한 후 온도를 상온으로 올리고 상온에서 5~8시간 교반한 다음 반응 혼합물을 얼음 위에서 6 N HCl로 pH 4까지 낮추었다.
이때 얻어진 노란색 고체는 가압여과한 후 건조시켜 목적 화합물 5,6-벤조플라본을 수득하였다(수율 55~80%).
실시예 2. 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone)의 정제
상기 실시예 1에서 얻은 화합물 608 ㎎(2 mmol)을 둥근바닥 플라스크에 넣고 약 10 ㎖의 디메틸설폭사이드(DMSO) 용액에 녹인 후 50 ㎎의 아이오딘(I2)를 가하여 3시간 동안 환류시켰다.
온도를 상온으로 낮춘 후 상기 용액을 얼음물에 넣고 메틸렌클로라이드(CH2Cl2) 용액으로 2번 추출한 다음 추출된 용액을 합쳐 황산마그네슘(MgSO4)으로 수분을 제거하였다. 수분이 제거된 용액은 감암증류 후 그 잔사를 관 크로마토그래피(column chromatography)를 실시하여 정제하고 원하는 5,6-벤조플라본을 42~78%의 수율로 얻었다.
상기에서 얻은 5,6-벤조플라본의 수소핵자기공명분광스펙트럼과 탄소핵자기공명분광스펙트럼은 각각 도 1과 도 2에 나타내었다(브루커 400 ㎒ 핵자기공명분광기기 이용).
실험예 1. 5,6-벤조플라본에 의한 다제내성 유전자 (
mdr
) 프로모터 활성 억제 효과 확인
본 발명에서는 상기 실시예에서 얻은 5,6-벤조플라본을 암세포에 처리하였을 때 전사인자 NF-κB에 의한 다제 내성(mdr) 유전자 프로모터 활성이 억제되는 효과를 확인하기 위하여, 루시퍼라아제 리포터 실험법(luciferase reporter assay)을 이용하였다.
구체적으로, NF-κB 발현 벡터(vector)를 암세포에 주입하여 mdr 유전자 프로모터 활성을 증가시킨 후 5,6-벤조플라본을 암세포 배양액에 첨가하여 변화되는 루시퍼라제 효소 활성을 측정하였다.
다제 내성(mdr) 유전자의 프로모터 활성을 분석하기 위해 사람 mdr1 유전자의 염기서열 -1721 ~ +80(+1: 전사 시작 부위) 부위를 중합효소연쇄반응(Polymerase Chain Reaction; PCR) 방법에 따라 합성하였다. 이때 사용한 프라이머 서열은 하기와 같다.
forward primer: 5'-aagacaatgccaggttgg-3'(서열번호 1)
reverse primer(+13R): 5'-cacttcaggaagcaacca-3'(서열번호 2)
또한, 주형 DNA와 프라이머를 95℃에서 4분간 pre-denaturation을 실시한 후, 30회 PCR 반응을 실시하였으며, 이때 PCR 조건을 하기와 같다.
(1) denaturation: 95℃에서 30초,
(2) annealing: 55℃에서 30초,
(3) extension: 72℃에서 30초.
합성된 DNA는 Promega에서 구입한 pGL2-basic 벡터에 삽입하여 mdr1 유전자 프로모터 리포터 [pGL4/mdr1-Luc(-1721/+80)]를 제작하였다. 사람 태아 신장 세포(HEK293)와 대장암 세포(HCT116)을 ATCC(American Type Culture Collection, USA)에서 구입하여 10% 우태아 혈청(bovine fetal serum)이 함유되어 있는 DMEM 배양액으로 배양한 후, 제작된 pGL4/mdr1-Luc 플리스미드 0.5 ㎍과 p65와 p55 NFκB 유전자 발현 플라스미드 각각 0.1 ㎍을 퓨진6(Fugene-6; Roche, Mannheim, Germany) 트렌스펙션 시약(transfection reagent)과 잘 혼합하여 사람 Mid-lig phase로 배양된 HEK293 세포와 HCT116 세포 배양액에 첨가하여 DNA 플라스미드가 세포 내로 주입(transfection) 되도록 하였다.
DNA 플라스미드 주입 48시간 후에 세포배양액에 아무 처리도 하지 않은 세포(대조구)와 10 ㎍/㎖ 농도가 되도록 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-BF)을 처리한 그룹에서 루시퍼라제 효소 활성을 측정함으로써 NF-κB에 의한 mdr 유전자 프로모터 활성을 5,6-벤조플라본이 억제하는지의 여부를 관찰하였다.
리포터인 루시퍼라제 효소 활성 측정은 5,6-벤조플라본을 처리하고 12시간 후, 대조 세포와 약물 처리 세포를 수확하여 세포를 용해시킨 다음 세포 용액에 기질인 루시페린(luciferin)을 50 ㎕ 첨가하여 발광되는 형광량을 측정하였다. 이때, 세포 용해액과 기질 루시페린은 Promega(Madison, WI, USA)에서 구입한 듀얼-글로 루시퍼라제 시스템 키트(Dual-Glo Luciferase System Kit)를 사용하였으며, 푸리세핀 형광량 측정은 Centro LB 960 루미노미터(Berthold Technology, German)을 이용하였다.
그 결과, 도 3A에 나타난 바와 같이 HEK293 사람 태아 신장세포에서 NF-κB 활성을 유도하는 TNF-α의 단독 처리와 NF-κB 유전자 주입에 의해 루시퍼라제 효소 활성이 각각 4배와 8배가 증가하였다.
상기와 같은 결과는 NF-κB 활성에 의해 mdr1 유전자 발현이 촉진되는 것을 의미한다. 또한, NF-κB 유전자 주입 후 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본을 처리해 주면 NF-κB 유전자 주입에 의해 증가되는 루시퍼라제 활성이 완전히 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
반면, HCT116 사람 대장암 세포에서는 NF-κB 유전자 주입에 의해 루시퍼라제 효소 활성이 1.8배 증가하였으나, 5,6-벤조플라본 처리에 의해 루시퍼라제 활성은 대조 세포보다 50% 이상 감소되었다(도 3B 참조).
결론적으로, 본 발명의 5,6-벤조플라본은 정상세포나 암세포에서 NF-κB 활성에 의해 유도되는 mdr 유전자 발현을 억제하여 약제 내성이 증가되는 암의 예방 효과뿐만 아니라 암세포의 항암 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.
이상, 본 발명의 내용의 특정한 부분을 상세히 기술하였는바, 당업계의 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서, 이러한 구체적인 기술은 단지 바람직한 실시양태일 뿐이며, 이에 의해 본 발명의 범위가 제한되는 것이 아닌 점은 명백할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 실질적인 범위는 첨부된 청구항들과 그것들의 등가물에 의하여 정의된다고 할 것이다.
<110> Konkuk University Industrial Cooperation Corp.
<120> 5,6-BENZOFLAVONE HAVING MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY,
A METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
COMPRISING THE SAME
<130> P10-E220
<160> 2
<170> KopatentIn 1.71
<210> 1
<211> 18
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> PCR primer
<400> 1
aagacaatgc caggttgg 18
<210> 2
<211> 18
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> PCR primer
<400> 2
cacttcagga agcaacca 18
Claims (8)
- 제 1항에 있어서,
상기 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염은 암세포에서 NF-κB에 의해 유도되는 mdr 유전자 프로모토 활성을 억제함으로써 다약제 내성을 예방 또는 치료하는 것을 특징으로 하는 다약제 내성 저해용 약학 조성물.
- 제 1항에 있어서,
상기 약학 조성물을 항암제와 병용투여함으로써 다약제 내성의 유발을 억제하여 항암제의 항암 효과를 증진시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 다약제 내성 저해용 약학 조성물.
- 제 1항에 있어서,
상기 약학 조성물은 정제, 캡슐제, 환제 또는 액제 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 다약제 내성 저해용 약학 조성물.
- 제 1항의 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 활성 저해제.
- 제 5항에 있어서,
상기 다약제 내성 활성 저해제는 암의 예방 또는 치료를 위한 NF-κB 활성 저해제로 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다약제 내성 활성 저해제.
- 제 1항의 5,6-벤조플라본(5,6-benzoflavone) 화합물 및 식품학적으로 허용 가능한 식품보조 첨가제를 유효성분으로 포함하는 다약제 내성(multidrug resistance) 저해용 건강기능식품.
- 제 7항에 있어서,
상기 건강기능식품은 정제, 캡슐제, 환제 또는 음료 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 다약제 내성 저해용 건강기능식품.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101394292B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-05-13 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | 벤조플라보놀 유도체 및 그 제법 및 항암제로서의 용도 |
US20150057343A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-02-26 | Thesan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | AGONISTS OF THE AhR RECEPTOR PATHWAY HAVING SEBOSUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY AND A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SAID AGONISTS |
US9963701B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2018-05-08 | Korea Institute Of Radiological & Medical Sciences | Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of radiation- or drug-resistant cancer comprising HRP-3 inhibitor |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150057343A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-02-26 | Thesan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | AGONISTS OF THE AhR RECEPTOR PATHWAY HAVING SEBOSUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY AND A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SAID AGONISTS |
EP2850429A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-03-25 | Thesan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for identifying ligands of the ahr receptor having therapeutic sebosuppressive activity, and said ligands |
US9480674B2 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2016-11-01 | Thesan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method and composition for treating acne |
KR101394292B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-05-13 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | 벤조플라보놀 유도체 및 그 제법 및 항암제로서의 용도 |
US9963701B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2018-05-08 | Korea Institute Of Radiological & Medical Sciences | Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of radiation- or drug-resistant cancer comprising HRP-3 inhibitor |
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