KR20110053986A - Method and system for an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for the integrated gasifier 106 and the syngas cooler 110. The system comprises a gasifier with a reaction chamber 116, a syngas cooler 110 integrally formed with the gasifier and having at least one heat exchanger element 126, and an integral with the reaction chamber and syngas cooler. A transition portion 112 formed between and extending therebetween, the transition portion further comprising a throat 114 extending between the reaction chamber and the syngas cooler, the transition portion surrounding the throat. Further includes a heat exchanger 126.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AN INTEGRATED GASIFIER AND SYNGAS COOLER}

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to partial oxidizer gasifiers and gas coolers, and more particularly to reducing wear of internal components of integrated gasifier and gas cooler combinations.

At least some known gasification vessels have areas where the degree of wear is likely to increase, which increases the wear characteristics of the raw effluent gases passing through these areas and the temperature, pressure and chemicals to which they are exposed. It is due to the bad condition of matter. Gasifier bottom transitions, gasifier throats, and syngas cooler throats are non-limiting examples of high wear zones for refractory linings, because the lining walls are restricted by narrow flow paths. This is because the mass flow rate of the molten slag that follows increases. Some attempts have been made to mitigate the effects of adverse conditions affecting refractory, but such attempts tend to cause other problems. For example, one known attempt to actively cool the affected area has resulted in a vertical expansion gap in the throat lining between the actively cooled and passively cooled sections. The gap provides a potential leakage path for syngas in the annular space behind the vertical tube cage. Another attempt used a vertical steel cylindrical gas barrier with a flanged bottom behind throat refractory to prevent gas escaping into the stagnant annular zone. However, the steel cylinder is not cooled, resulting in overheating of the metal or shortening of the refractory life. In addition, in known gasification vessels, the inner diameter of the flow path in the throat is suppressed by the inner diameter of the flange of both the gasifier and the syngas cooler. The flow path diameter cannot be changed without significantly changing the steel vessel.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler made by integrally forming a gasifier and a syngas cooler to reduce wear of internal components, a system thereof and a method of assembly thereof.

In one embodiment, an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler comprise a gasifier comprising a reaction chamber, a syngas cooler integrally formed with the gasifier and having at least one heat exchanger element, and the reaction chamber and the syngas cooler And a transition portion integrally formed with and extending therebetween, the transition portion further comprising a throat extending between the reaction chamber and the syngas cooler, the transition portion surrounding the throat. Further comprising a heat exchanger.

In another embodiment, the integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system includes a first pressure vessel portion surrounding the gasifier reaction chamber, the first portion extending from the vessel head to the bottom portion. The system further includes a second pressure vessel portion surrounding the gas cooler configured to cool the hot live exhaust gas stream from the gasifier reaction chamber. The second portion extends vertically downward from the top towards the solid removal end. The system further includes a transition portion extending between the bottom portion and the top portion, wherein each of the first portion, second portion and transition portion is in a substantially vertical coaxial alignment along the central longitudinal axis of each portion. The system includes a throat coaxially aligned with each portion and extending between each portion for free passage of the hot live exhaust gas stream from the gasifier reaction chamber to a gas cooler, the throat being radius It is lined with refractory material around the directional inner surface. The system further comprises a concentric coaxial vertical tube cage surrounding the throat along at least a portion of the length of the throat, and a plurality of annular retaining rings coupled to at least one of the first portion and the tube cage, The securing ring extends radially inward and is configured to support the throat refractory material.

In another embodiment, a method of assembling an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler provides a syngas cooler vessel that is integrally formed with a gasification vessel, wherein the gasification vessel includes a reaction chamber and the syngas cooler vessel is a heat exchanger. And providing a group. The method further comprises coupling the reaction chamber and syngas cooler vessel in flow communication using a throat lined refractory material, wherein the refractory material is supported in the throat using one or more annular retaining rings. It includes. The method further includes arranging the refrigeration tube surrounding the throat such that the refractory material is cooled using the cooling tube cage during operation.

Provision of a gasifier with an integrated cooler integrally formed with the gasifier eliminates forged flanges on the gasifier and forged flanges on the cooler vessel. The elimination of these two large flanges in the integrated gasifier / cooler significantly reduces the cost of the gasifier / cooler compared to the individual gasifier and cooler structures. The absence of flange-to-flange coupling between the gasifier and syngas cooler can significantly reduce the combined axial length of the two vessels. The reduced length reduces the thermal growth of the combined vessel and thus reduces the misalignment with connecting piping (injectors, steam drums, steam piping, instruments) with minimum thermal growth fixed to the support structure at room temperature. The absence of flange-to-flange coupling further improves the integrity of the container, facilitates the removal of components (flanges, supports, etc.) and reduces assembly work.

1-5 are diagrammatic illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the methods and systems described herein.
1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical elongated hot steel pressure vessel in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a schematic diagram of a throat area of a container according to one embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a schematic view of a throat area of a container according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a schematic view of a throat area of a container according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a schematic view of a throat area of a container according to another embodiment of the present invention.

While embodiments of the present invention are described for an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler combination, those skilled in the art should recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not limited to being used only for an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler combination. Rather, embodiments of the present invention may be used with any integrated container.

The following detailed description describes embodiments of the invention by way of example and not limitation. The present invention is believed to have a universal application for the internal components for cooling of containers such that their lifespan is extended in industrial, commercial and residential applications.

As used herein, an element or step, referred to in the singular and used with an article, should be considered not to exclude a plurality of elements or steps unless the exclusion is stated. Moreover, references to "one embodiment" of the present invention are not intended to be construed to exclude the presence of further embodiments that also include the referenced features.

1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical elongated hot steel pressure vessel 100 in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the container 100 has a single integrally formed shell 102. The shell 102 is an upper shell 104 surrounding the gasification reaction zone 106 of a partial oxidizing gasifier used for the production of syngas, reducing gas or fuel gas, and a lower shell surrounding the gas cooler portion 110. 108, and a transition portion 112 surrounding a throat 114 extending between the reaction zone 106 and the gas cooler portion 110. The upper shell 104 has a top outlet 120 having a bottom outlet passage 116 along the central longitudinal axis 118 of the vessel 100 and a coaxial inlet 122 for insertion of a downwardly discharged gasification burner (not shown). ). The throat 114 has a converging inlet. The upper shell 104 has a heat resistant lining 124 that surrounds the gasification reaction zone 106 and extends radially between the upper shell 104 and the reaction zone 106. The throat 114 is a vertical cylindrical annular elongated conduit lined with a heat resistant brick lining 126. The throat 114 is generally coaxial with the upper shell 104 and the lower shell 108, and the hot live exhaust flows downward from the reaction zone 106 to the gas cooler portion 110 in the lower shell 108. effluent) extends between these shells for free passage of the gas stream. In this specification, the "axial direction" is a direction generally parallel to the axis 118, the "upper" and "upward" directions are generally directions toward the inlet 122, and the "lower" and "downward" directions are generally the inlets. It is a direction away from 122.

2 is a schematic diagram of a throat area of a vessel 200 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper shell 104 is a first layer 202 of refractory bricks that are circumferentially stacked around the outer circumference of the reaction zone 106, and radially outwardly from the first layer 202. A second layer 204 of refractory bricks is provided. The first layer 202 is supported at the bottom 206 by a first annular anchoring ring 208 extending radially inward from the top shell 104. The second annular securing ring 210 provides support for the second layer 204, which is also radially inward from the upper shell 104 at a position axially spaced from the first annular securing ring 208. Is extended. The first layer 202 and the second layer 204 are stacked such that a seam between adjacent bricks in the first layer 202 does not align with a seam between adjacent bricks in the second layer 204. This misalignment provides a labyrinthic path between the reaction zone 106 and the upper shell 104, whereby hot live exhaust gas from the reaction zone 106 leaks from the reaction zone 106, causing The corrosion component facilitates the prevention of entry into the space 212 adjacent the upper shell 104, which may attack the upper shell 104.

The transition portion 112 has a tube cage that includes a membrane wall of the cooling tube 214 extending circumferentially around the throat 114. The stagnant annular space 216 extending radially outward from the cooling tube 214 to the transition portion 112 includes a riser and a downcomer (both shown) that supply water and remove water and vapor from the cooler 110. Area). The throat 114 is lined with a throat layer 218 of refractory brick extending upward from the third annular stationary ring 220 coupled to the cooling tube 214 to the bottom outlet passageway 116. Retaining ring 220 extends radially inward from cooling tube 214 and supports throat layer 218. Between the throat layer 218 and the first layer 202, the inclined layer 222 of refractory brick is coupled to the cooling tube 214 and the fourth annular stationary ring 224 extending radially inward from the cooling tube. Supported by). The first layer 202 is supported by a first annular securing ring 208 coupled to the upper shell 104 and the inclined layer 222 is coupled to the cooling tube 214 during the particular operation of the vessel 200. Because supported by the three fixing rings 220, the first layer 202 and the inclined layer 222 can move axially relative to each other due to the difference in expansion between the upper shell 104 and the cooling tube 214. have. Thus, the abutting joint between the first layer 202 and the inclined layer 222 allows the first layer 202 and the inclined layer 222 to slide past each other relatively freely during differential expansion and contraction periods. So that it is aligned vertically. This slidable combination avoids compression of the first layer 202 and the inclined layer 222, which may result in cracking of the first layer 202 and / or the inclined layer 222 and with the first layer 202. It is easy to avoid gap formation between the sloped layers 222.

The stagnant annular space 216 is located outside the fire-lined transition throat cylinder 114 and inside the transition portion 112 and has an increased volume compared to the flanged joint configuration. This increased volume enables an embodiment of the present invention having a boiler feed pipe and support structure inside the annular space 216. This embodiment allows for more flexible pipe routing, thereby reducing the thermal stresses in the pipe components and joints the vessel has due to thermal expansion mismatch. This embodiment also provides enough space to route the upper header (not shown) into the annular space 216 above the horizontal tube wall (not shown). This embodiment adds an additional tube panel surface area that increases heat recovery performance or reduces the overall axial length of the syngas cooler assembly inside the hot gas path below the horizontal tube wall. The embodiment also simplifies the support structure for the vertical tube panels by enabling direct connection to the container wall, which frees more annular space for better access and design flexibility.

3 is a schematic diagram of a throat area of a vessel 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The vessel 300 is almost similar to the vessel 200 (shown in FIG. 2), and the components of the vessel 300 that are identical to the components of the vessel 200 are shown using the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 2. It is identified in 3. In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling tube 214 does not extend to the area of the bottom outlet passageway 116. Thus, stagnant annular space 216 is smaller than that shown in FIG. 2. The support skirt 301 extends obliquely inward from the upper shell 104.

The first layer 302 of refractory brick is laminated circumferentially around the outer circumference of the reaction zone 106, and the second layer 304 of refractory brick is laminated radially outward from the first layer 302. The first layer 302 is supported at the bottom 306 by a first annular securing ring 308 extending radially inward from the support skirt 301. The second annular anchoring ring 310 provides support for the second layer 304, which is also radially inward from the support skirt 301 at a position axially spaced from the first annular anchoring ring 308. Is extended. The first layer 302 and the second layer 304 are stacked such that the seams between adjacent bricks in the first layer 302 are not aligned with the seams between adjacent bricks in the second layer 304. This misalignment provides a labyrinthic path between the reaction zone 106 and the upper shell 104, whereby hot live exhaust gas from the reaction zone 106 leaks from the reaction zone 106, causing The corrosion component facilitates the prevention of entering the space 212 where it can attack the upper shell 104.

The transition portion 112 has a tube cage that includes the membrane wall of the cooling tube 214 extending circumferentially around the throat 114. The stagnant annular space 216 is a transition portion from the cooling tube 214 to provide an area for the riser and downcomers (both not shown) that supply water and remove water and steam from the gas cooler 110. Extends radially outwardly; The throat 114 is lined with a throat layer 218 of refractory brick extending upward from the third annular stationary ring 220 coupled to the cooling tube 214 to the bottom outlet passageway 116. Retaining ring 220 extends radially inward from cooling tube 214 and supports throat layer 218.

The fourth fixing ring 312 extends radially inward from the support skirt 301 toward the radial outer circumference of the throat layer 218. The fixing ring 312 supports the transition layer 314 made of refractory bricks and / or castable refractory materials. The transition layer 314 transitions between the first layer 302 and the transition layer 314 and with the throat layer 218 to offset the differential expansion and contraction between the cooling tube 214 and the upper shell 104. A sliding bond is provided between the layers 314.

4 is a schematic diagram of a throat area of a vessel 400 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The vessel 400 is almost similar to the vessel 300 (shown in FIG. 3), and the components of the vessel 400 that are identical to the components of the vessel 300 are shown using the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 3. It is identified at 4. In an exemplary embodiment, the throat layer 218 has a converging-diffusing cross-sectional area that facilitates removal of entrained particles and slag from the reaction zone 106. Converged cross-sectional area at the throat inlet 123 tends to increase the rate of hot live exhaust gas exiting the reaction zone 106 and to increase the back pressure inside the reaction zone 106, which also affects the reaction zone 106. Reduce gas backflow into the vessel. The divergent cross-sectional area provides an overhang for allowing the slag to drip through the throat 114 rather than flow down into the refractory bricks of the lower portion of the throat layer 218.

5 is a schematic diagram of a throat area of a vessel 500 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The vessel 500 is almost similar to the vessel 300 (shown in FIG. 3), and the same components of the vessel 500 as those of the vessel 300 are shown using the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 3. It is identified at 5. In an exemplary embodiment, the throat layer 502 has a first layer 504 and a second layer 506 and there are steps in the connection 510 between the first layer 504 and the second layer 506. Unit 508 is provided. A gap 512 is provided to allow axial movement between the first layer 504 and the second layer 506 during differential expansion and contraction of the cooling tube 214 and the upper shell 104. The gap 512 is cracked and / or cracked of a refractory brick comprising a first layer 504 and a second layer 506 with a protrusion 514 of the layer 506 mounted on the protrusion 516 of the layer 504. Do not cause displacement. The step 508 also provides an additional winding path for the hot live exhaust gas stream to pass before reaching the top shell 104, cooling tube 214, or other metal portion of the vessel 500.

The illustrative embodiments of systems and methods for combination integrated gasifiers and syngas coolers have been described in detail above. The illustrated systems and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, the components of the system may be used independently and separately from the other components described herein. In addition, the steps described in the method may be used independently and separately from other steps described herein. For example, the stepped portion 508 shown in FIG. 5 may be combined with a throat layer 218 having a converging-diffusing cross-section shown in FIG. 4. Other combinations of various embodiments of the invention are also contemplated.

Embodiments of the integrated vessel enclosing the reactor, syngas cooler, and transition portion therebetween eliminate flanged connections between the reactor, syngas cooler, and transition portion, and thus the gas path transition portion (throat) 114. Is separated from the outer vessel transition portion 112. This configuration allows for a shorter throat length compared to a container configuration having individual containers with flanged transition portions therebetween while maintaining the same or larger annular space 216. The integrated configuration also enables cooling throat refractory lining 218 and / or cooling transition refractory layer 314 along its entire length.

Embodiments of the present invention reduce overall vessel length, reduce piping length and pipe stress, reduce material and fabrication costs, and improve the concepts and advantages described below, namely steam-cooled throat fire lining, steam-cooling. It provides an expression transition portion and throat refractory lining, a "drip point" in the throat flow path, which is only effective when using a reduced length throat that allows embodiments of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention also provide for gas flow deceleration and longer life transition points, expansion features of gasification part-to-throat transition bricks that allow thick bricks for longer life at high wear points, ship lap ) Expansion joints, steam cooled refractory brick linings, modified support features of gasifier sidewalls, gasifier transition sections, gasifier throat and syngas cooler throat linings, integrated gasifier and syngas cooler vessels, and fire lining Flexible flow path diameters and shapes at the specified throat allow variable diameters to be realized using a stepwise increase in lining thickness.

Steam cooled refractory linings at the transition part and / or throat allow for longer operating life and short downtime for refractory change, which increases the availability of gasification treatments and reduces operating costs. Steam cooled refractory lining also adds flexibility in adjusting the syngas velocity and / or mass flow rate and momentum flux exiting the throat by varying diameters in the refractory lined throat. Active cooling of the refractory line is achieved by extending the vapor cooled tube from the syngas cooler to the gasifier and / or the tube cage. Integrated vessels and refractory linings allow the flexibility of changing the refractory lined throat flow path diameter and shape without replacing the steel vessel flanges. The throat shape may be a cylindrical, conical or morning glory shape in which the diameter increases as the flow approaches the downstream outlet of the throat.

The foregoing embodiments of the method and system for an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system can be used to gasify using a refractory-lined gasification reaction chamber and a discontinuous inner vessel that encloses the syngas cooler heat exchanger together in a single vessel. It provides a cost-effective and reliable means for removing the horizontal flange-to-flange joint between the gas and the syngas cooler. In addition, embodiments of the present invention provide a sufficient internal volume in the gasifier-to-syngas cooler transition region to extend the throat tube cage to the bottom transition portion of the gasifier, which is a full length fireproof lining and And / or enable vapor cooling of the entire throat plus 45 degree bottom transition portion in the gasifier. Steam-cooled refractory linings have a longer life without active steam cooling in the throat. In addition, the support of the refractory lining in the gasifier sidewalls, the transition part and the throat section accommodates the expansion and contraction of the gasifier sidewalls, the transition part and the throat section during the temperature change period. Thus, a direct leakage path in the refractory lining for the synthesis gas to enter the transition zone is substantially eliminated. As a result, the methods and systems described herein promote gasification and cooling of fuels in a cost effective and reliable manner.

While the invention has been described with reference to various specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that modifications may be made within the spirit and spirit of the claims.

Claims (20)

In integrated gasifier and syngas cooler,
A gasifier having a reaction chamber,
A syngas cooler formed integrally with the gasifier and having at least one heat exchanger element, and
A transition portion integrally formed with and extending between the reaction chamber and the syngas cooler,
Said transition portion further comprising a throat extending between said reaction chamber and said syngas cooler, said transition portion further comprising a heat exchanger surrounding said throat.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. The method of claim 1,
The heat exchanger comprises a vapor cooled tube cage disposed radially outward from the throat to promote cooling of the throat
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. The method of claim 1,
A support skirt extending radially inward from at least one of said gasifier and said transition portion, and
Further comprises at least one securing ring coupled to the support skirt,
The at least one securing ring extends radially inward from the support skirt and the at least one securing ring extends at least partially around the perimeter of the support skirt
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. The method of claim 3, wherein
Further comprising a layer of refractory material supported by the at least one fixing ring,
The refractory material layer is supported by the at least one securing ring such that adjacent refractory material layers are slidably coupled to facilitate maintaining contact between the refractory material layers during expansion and contraction periods.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. The method of claim 1,
The throat has a converging / diffusing cross section
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. In an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system,
A first pressure vessel portion surrounding the gasifier reaction chamber and extending from the vessel head to the bottom portion;
A second pressure vessel portion surrounding the gas cooler configured to cool the hot raw exhaust gas stream from the reaction chamber, the second pressure vessel portion extending vertically downward from the top toward the solid removal end;
A transition portion extending between the bottom portion and the top portion, each of the first portion, the second portion and the transition portion being in a substantially vertical coaxial alignment along the central longitudinal axis of each portion;
A throat coaxially aligned with each of the sections and extending between the respective sections for free passage of the hot live exhaust gas stream from the gasifier reaction chamber to the gas cooler, the refractory around the radial inner surface. Throat lined with material;
A concentric coaxial vertical tube cage surrounding the throat along at least a portion of the length of the throat; And
A plurality of annular retaining rings coupled radially inwardly and coupled to at least one of the first portion and the tube cage, the plurality of annular retaining rings configured to support the throat refractory material.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
And at least one support skirt inwardly extending from at least one of said first portion and said tube cage.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method of claim 7, wherein
At least one of the plurality of annular securing rings is coupled to at least one of the first portion and the tube cage through the support skirt
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein said first portion has a first outer diameter and said second portion has a second outer diameter, said transition portion extending between said first outer diameter and said second outer diameter.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein said first and second pressure vessel portions comprise respective elongate vertical cylinders.
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
The throat is lined with a molded brick refractory material around a radially inner surface
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
The throat comprises a substantially cylindrical vertical sidewall
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
The throat comprises a divergent sidewall
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
The throat comprises a converging inlet
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. The method according to claim 6,
The plurality of annular retaining rings comprise a first layer of refractory material supported by a first annular retaining ring of refractory material supported by a second annular retaining ring during expansion and contraction of the integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. Arranged to slide along the second layer
Integrated gasifier and syngas cooler system. In the assembling method of the integrated gasifier and syngas cooler,
Providing a syngas cooler vessel integrally formed with a gasification vessel, the gasification vessel having a reaction chamber and the syngas cooler vessel having a heat exchanger;
Coupling the reaction chamber and syngas cooler vessel in flow communication using a throat lined refractory material, wherein the refractory material is supported in the throat using one or more annular retaining rings; And
Arranging the refractory material to be cooled using the cooling tube cage during operation in the cooling tube cage surrounding the throat.
How to assemble an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. 17. The method of claim 16,
Further comprising coupling the heat exchanger and the cooling tube cage in flow communication relationship.
How to assemble an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. 17. The method of claim 16,
Lining the throat inlet with refractory material such that the throat inlet converges from the reaction chamber into the throat.
How to assemble an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. 17. The method of claim 16,
And lining the throat with the refractory material such that the throat is diverted from the throat to the syngas cooler.
How to assemble an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler. 17. The method of claim 16,
Further comprising lining the throat with the refractory material such that the throat is substantially cylindrical.
How to assemble an integrated gasifier and syngas cooler.

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