CN114196443A

CN114196443A - Gasification furnace

Info

Publication number: CN114196443A
Application number: CN202111662924.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裴世钊; 马宏波; 管清亮; 岳军; 范旭晨; 宋文军; 王帅; 李相军; 雷玉龙; 张本凤; 王云杰; 岳博; 李瑞丹; 孟菲
Original assignee: Beijing Qing Chuang Jin Hua Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Qing Chuang Jin Hua Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-30
Filing date: 2021-12-30
Publication date: 2022-03-18

Abstract

The invention provides a gasification furnace, which comprises a burner, an upper-section furnace body, a heat recoverer and a synthesis gas outlet. The burner is used for spraying materials; the upper furnace body comprises a water jacket furnace body and an inner liner, the inner liner is arranged on the inner wall of the water jacket furnace body, and a cavity defined by the inner liner is used for receiving materials input by the burner to perform gasification reaction; the heat recoverer is arranged below the upper-section furnace body and comprises a shell and an internal water-cooled wall, and the heat recoverer is communicated with the upper-section furnace body; the synthetic gas outlet is arranged on the heat recoverer. According to the gasification furnace provided by the invention, part of heat can be recovered by the water jacket furnace body of the gasification chamber, and the product of the gasification chamber enters the lower heat recoverer and then further exchanges heat with the water-cooled wall, so that the temperature of the product is reduced and the heat is further recovered by the water-cooled wall. The water jacket furnace body can bear pressure and cool the water jacket furnace body and the lining layer, overcomes the technical defect that the membrane water-cooled wall can only be used as an internal part in the gasification furnace shell and can not be used as the furnace body independently, and reduces the waste of effective space.

Description

Gasification furnace

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of coal gasification, in particular to a gasification furnace.

Background

Coal gasification technology refers to the conversion of suitably treated coal into gas by an oxidant (air or oxygen and steam) in a flowing manner (moving bed, fluidized bed or entrained flow) at a certain temperature and pressure in a reactor such as a gasifier. The entrained flow gasification method is a coal gasification method, which adopts dry coal powder, coal water slurry or other carbon-containing substances as raw materials, and sprays the raw materials and a gasification agent into a gasification furnace together, the reaction temperature is very high, and ash content is discharged in a molten state. The main media in the entrained flow water wall gasification furnace are carbon monoxide and hydrogen with the temperature of over 1200 ℃, and the entrained flow water wall gasification furnace is flammable and explosive and has high danger degree, so that the entrained flow water wall gasification furnace needs to react in a pressure-bearing shell. The membrane water-cooling wall is generally formed by circumferentially welding fins and cooling water pipes, the number of welding seams is large, and no proper means is used for carrying out nondestructive detection on the welding seams, so that the membrane water-cooling wall can only be used as an internal part and exists in a pressure-bearing shell of a gasification furnace, and cannot be used as a furnace body independently. An annular cavity of at least 500mm exists between the pressure-bearing shell and the membrane water wall to meet the requirement of maintenance, so that a large amount of effective space for gasification reaction is occupied. In order to overcome the expansion difference between the pressure-bearing shell and the water-cooled wall, flexible structures are required to be adopted for processing when water inlet and outlet pipes of the water-cooled wall are led in from the outside of the shell, and the structure is complex.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

To this end, the present invention proposes

A gasification furnace comprises a burner, an upper-section furnace body, a heat recoverer and a synthetic gas outlet. The burners are used for spraying materials, and the number of the burners is one or more; the upper furnace body comprises a water jacket furnace body and an inner liner, the inner liner is arranged on the inner wall of the water jacket furnace body, and a cavity defined by the inner liner is used for receiving materials input by the burner to perform gasification reaction; the heat recoverer is arranged below the upper-section furnace body and comprises a shell and an internal water-cooled wall, and the heat recoverer is communicated with the upper-section furnace body; the synthetic gas outlet is arranged on the heat recoverer.

In a first possible implementation manner, the water-cooled wall is cylindrical in whole and defines a cooling cavity, and the cooling cavity is used for receiving and cooling the gas product of the upper-section furnace body.

In combination with the above possible implementation manner, in a second possible implementation manner, the water-cooled wall is a membrane water-cooled wall, a gas ascending channel is defined between the membrane water-cooled wall and the shell, and the lower end of the gas ascending channel is communicated with the cooling cavity.

In a third possible implementation, in combination with the above possible implementation, the syngas outlet is located at the end of the gas uptake channel.

In combination with the above possible implementation manners, in a fourth possible implementation manner, a chilling and blowing device is arranged at a gas turning back position at the lower part of the membrane water wall.

In combination with the above possible implementation manners, in a fifth possible implementation manner, the casing of the heat recovery device is of a water jacket structure.

In a sixth possible implementation manner, in combination with the above possible implementation manners, the casing of the heat recovery device is a steel casing, and the inner wall of the steel casing is protected by a refractory heat insulation layer.

With reference to the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a seventh possible implementation manner, the water jacket structure of the heat recovery device includes a cylindrical barrel and a cooling water pipeline arranged along the periphery of the cylindrical barrel, or the water jacket furnace body is a double-layer furnace body including an annular cavity.

With reference to the above possible implementation manners, in an eighth possible implementation manner, the upper furnace body and the heat recovery device are separated, and an expansion buffer device is arranged between the upper furnace body and the heat recovery device.

In combination with the above possible implementation manners, in a ninth possible implementation manner, a water screen assembly arranged along the circumferential radial direction is arranged on the inner side or the outer side of the water wall.

In combination with the above possible implementation manners, in a tenth possible implementation manner, the water jacket furnace body includes a cylindrical barrel and a cooling water pipeline arranged along the periphery of the cylindrical barrel, or the water jacket furnace body is a double-layer furnace body including an annular cavity.

According to the gasification furnace provided by the invention, part of heat can be recovered by the water jacket furnace body of the gasification chamber, and the product of the gasification chamber enters the lower heat recoverer and then further exchanges heat with the water-cooled wall, so that the temperature of the product is reduced and the heat is further recovered by the water-cooled wall. And the water jacket furnace body can bear pressure and cool the water jacket furnace body and the lining layer, so that the technical defect that the membrane water-cooled wall can only be used as an internal part in the gasification furnace shell and can not be used as the furnace body independently is overcome, and the waste of the effective space of the gasification reaction is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention;

reference numerals:

100. 100a, 100 b-gasifiers; m, ma and mb-upper furnace body; n, na, nb-heat recoverer;

1. 1a and 1 b-a water jacket furnace body, 10-a gasification chamber, 11-an inner lining layer, 12-a coil pipe and 13-a burner;

2. 2 b-a shell, 20-an ascending channel, 21-a synthesis gas outlet, 22-a chilling and blowing device, 23-a cooling water inlet, 24-a slag outlet, 25-a cooling cavity, 26-a water-cooled wall, 261-a lower header and 262-an upper header;

and 3-burner.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in fig. 1-2, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functionality throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the gasification furnace 100 includes an upper furnace body m, a heat recovery unit n, a burner 3, and a syngas outlet 21. The burner 3 is arranged at the top of the upper-section furnace body m, the heat recoverer n is arranged below the upper-section furnace body m, and the synthetic gas outlet 21 is arranged on the heat recoverer n.

Specifically, the main body of the upper furnace body m is a water jacket furnace body 1, the inner wall of the upper furnace body m is provided with a lining layer 11, the lining layer 11 is a refractory heat-insulating layer, and the inner cavity of the lining layer 11 is a gasification chamber 10. The water jacket furnace body 1 is of a pressure-bearing structure. In this embodiment, the water jacket furnace body 1 is a double-layer shell, an annular cavity is arranged between the two layers of shells, and cooling water is arranged in the annular cavity. The top of the water jacket furnace body 1 is provided with a burner mounting port 13, the burner 3 is mounted thereon, and a coil 12 is provided therebetween to cool the burner 3. The shell can be a cylinder body rolled by a steel plate.

The burner 3 is used for injecting a reaction material such as pulverized coal and oxygen into the gasification chamber 10, and the content thereof is incorporated herein in its entirety, for example, the burner disclosed in CN 206692606U. The burner is ignited by the ignition rod, the height of the ignition rod is controlled by the actuating mechanism, oxygen or fuel gas is introduced into the gasification furnace by the central pipe, carbonaceous materials such as coal slurry or dry coal powder are introduced into the gasification furnace by the coal slurry pipe, oxygen is introduced into the gasification furnace by epoxy, and meanwhile, the multi-channel burner is cooled by continuously circulating cooling water in the cooling water jacket, so that the multi-channel burner is protected. The number of burners in this embodiment is 1, and in some alternative embodiments, the number of burners 3 may be two or more. When multiple burners are provided, the flow field of each burner forms a swirling flow field or impingement flow field within the gasification chamber 10, which helps the reactants to fill the gasification chamber 10 to adhere to the inner wall. The lower end of the water jacket furnace body 1 is provided with an outlet which is closed. The water jacket furnace body can bear pressure and absorb heat to reduce temperature, and the technical defect that the membrane water-cooled wall can only be used as an internal part in the gasification furnace shell and can not be used as the furnace body independently is overcome. The waste of effective space of gasification reaction is reduced, the structure of the gasification furnace is simplified, and the process consumption of high-pressure nitrogen is reduced. Preferably, the burner arrangement disclosed in CN 112779059a is used, which is incorporated herein by reference. Through the position arrangement mode of combustion chamber, reach nozzle and the direct not relative purpose of cinder notch axial to reduce nozzle spun fine coal granule and directly escape from the cinder notch, can show to improve fine coal granule and along with the air current backmixing entrainment rate in the combustion chamber, improve the entrapment rate of the liquid slag blanket of combustion chamber inner wall to fine coal granule, reduce the carbon residue of lime-ash, improve carbon conversion rate.

The heat recovery device n is connected with the outlet at the lower end of the water jacket furnace body 1. The heat recovery vessel n comprises a shell 2, a syngas outlet 21, a quench blowing device 22, a cooling water inlet 23, a slag tap 24 and a water cooled wall 26. The upper end of the shell 2 is hermetically connected with an outlet at the lower end of the water jacket furnace body 1, and the upper end is also provided with a synthesis gas outlet 21. The lower end of the shell 2 is funnel-shaped, the funnel-shaped structure is a slag bath, the bottom of the funnel-shaped structure is a slag outlet 24, and a cooling water inlet 23 is formed in the side wall of the slag bath. The slag pool can catch ash and slag falling and separated from the descending channel and the ascending channel. Is carried by the cooling water and discharged from the slag outlet. The case 2 may be a cylinder rolled with a steel plate.

The water wall 26 is formed by connecting a plurality of cooling water pipelines side by side, is of a cylindrical structure as a whole, and defines a cooling cavity 25 in the cylindrical body. In this embodiment, the water cooling wall is a membrane water cooling wall, and is composed of a group of circumferentially arranged vertical fins, an upper header 262, and a lower header 261. The upper end of the cylindrical structure is communicated with the outlet of the water jacket furnace body 1 to receive gas products, the lower end is open, and the space between the cylinder body and the inner wall of the shell 2 is an ascending channel 20. The gas in the cooling chamber 25 may enter the uptake channel 20 from its lower end from top to bottom and finally be discharged from the syngas outlet 21. The lower end of the water wall 26 is also provided with a chilling and blowing device 22 which can spray chilling water to the outlet at the lower end of the cooling cavity 25.

Since the syngas outlet 21 is located at the upper end of the casing 2, the cooling chamber 25 and the uptake passage 20 form a long airflow path. The synthesis gas enters the cooling cavity 25 and then exchanges heat with the water-cooled wall, the synthesis gas is cooled, and heat is taken away by water in the water-cooled wall and is recycled; the synthesis gas is cooled by the chilling water again when reaching the lower end outlet after being cooled in the cooling cavity 25, and continues to exchange heat with the water wall 26 after reaching the ascending channel 20. In this embodiment, the shell 2 is a water jacket structure, the synthesis gas exchanges heat with the cooling water in the shell 2 in addition to exchanging heat with the water wall 26 in the ascending channel 20, and the radiant heat of the high-temperature raw gas is recovered in the form of steam, so that the heat efficiency of the gasification furnace is improved, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved. The synthesis gas is cooled in the heat recovery device n for a plurality of times, the heat can be fully recovered, and the damage of the shell 2 caused by high temperature is reduced. In addition, the gas flow path in the heat recovery device comprises a cooling cavity and a rising channel, so that large-particle ash carried in the crude gas can be separated, and the ash deposition and blockage of a rear working section are reduced. In addition, if the film water-cooled wall is accumulated with dust, the heat transfer effect is poor, the temperature of the crude gas is too high, the liquid slag is not changed into a solid state, the high-temperature crude gas has strong adhesion, the slag is formed on the heating surface, the heat recovery efficiency is reduced, and the long-period operation of the device is influenced. The chilling and blowing device can effectively control the temperature of the crude gas at the turning-back position and avoid the slag bonding of the heating surface.

Water jacket furnace body 1 and casing 2 structure as an organic whole in this implementation, if the hydrodynamic force of the heat production that water jacket furnace body 1 received is not enough to satisfy its natural circulation, can compensate the hydrodynamic force not enough through the hydrodynamic force that the water jacket that casing 2 set up produced, realize the natural circulation. In some alternative embodiments, the two are separate structures, and an expansion buffer device, such as an expansion joint, is arranged between the two sections. When the water jacket furnace body 1 and the shell 2 are independently arranged, steam with different pressure grades can be respectively generated as a byproduct. In addition, the height of the equipment can be reduced, so that the difficulty and cost of equipment transportation and lifting are reduced.

Preferably, the water jacket of the water jacket furnace body 1 and/or the shell 2 is formed by a cylindrical barrel rolled by a steel plate, a semicircular pipe and angle steel which are wound on the barrel along a spiral line; or a cylindrical barrel body rolled by a steel plate, and vertical semicircular pipes, angle steel and the like which are arranged on the barrel body in the circumferential direction.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace 100a according to another embodiment of the present invention; in this embodiment, the water jacket furnace body 1a and the membrane water wall are composed of a group of circumferentially arranged vertical fin tubes, an upper header, and a lower header. The vertical finned tube structure has small resistance and can naturally and circularly run.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace 100b according to another embodiment of the present invention; in this embodiment, the upper furnace mb and the heat recovery device nb are in a split structure, and an expansion joint 4 is arranged between the upper furnace mb and the heat recovery device nb for buffering. The water jackets of the water jacket furnace body 1b and the shell 2b in the embodiment are formed by surrounding spiral fin tubes. The spiral fin tube has high heat exchange coefficient, and can increase the gas production rate. In some alternative embodiments, the water wall is provided with a water screen assembly along the radial direction inside or outside, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gasification furnace, comprising:

the burner is used for spraying materials, and the number of the burners is one or more;

the upper-section furnace body comprises a water jacket furnace body and an inner liner layer, the inner liner layer is arranged on the inner wall of the water jacket furnace body, and a cavity defined by the inner liner layer is used for receiving materials input by the burner to perform gasification reaction;

the heat recoverer is arranged below the upper-section furnace body and comprises a shell and an internal water-cooled wall, and the heat recoverer is communicated with the upper-section furnace body; and

and the synthetic gas outlet is arranged on the heat recoverer.

2. The gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the waterwalls are generally cylindrical and define a cooling chamber for receiving and cooling the gaseous products of the upper furnace body.

3. The gasifier according to claim 2, wherein the water wall is a membrane water wall, a gas rising channel is defined between the membrane water wall and the shell, and a lower end of the gas rising channel is communicated with the cooling chamber.

4. A gasifier according to claim 3, wherein said syngas outlet is located at the end of said gas uptake channel.

5. The gasifier according to claim 3, wherein a quench-blowing device is provided at a gas turn-back portion of a lower portion of the membrane wall.

6. The gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the shell of the heat recovery vessel is a water jacket structure.

7. The gasification furnace according to claim 6, wherein the shell of the heat recovery device is a steel shell, and the inner wall of the steel shell is provided with a fire-resistant heat insulation layer.

8. The gasification furnace according to claim 6, wherein the water jacket structure of the heat recovery device comprises a cylindrical barrel and a cooling water line provided along the outer periphery of the cylindrical barrel, or the water jacket furnace body is a double-layer shell comprising an annular cavity.

9. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the upper furnace body and the heat recovery unit are separated from each other, and an expansion buffering device is provided therebetween.

10. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled wall is provided with a water-cooled screen assembly arranged radially along a circumference inside or outside.

11. The gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the water jacket furnace body comprises a cylindrical barrel and a cooling water line arranged along the periphery of the cylindrical barrel, or the water jacket furnace body is a double-layer furnace body comprising an annular cavity.