KR20110044788A - A treatment agent for asbestos materials and a method for treating asbestos materials using the same - Google Patents
A treatment agent for asbestos materials and a method for treating asbestos materials using the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR20110044788A KR20110044788A KR1020117006078A KR20117006078A KR20110044788A KR 20110044788 A KR20110044788 A KR 20110044788A KR 1020117006078 A KR1020117006078 A KR 1020117006078A KR 20117006078 A KR20117006078 A KR 20117006078A KR 20110044788 A KR20110044788 A KR 20110044788A
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- asbestos
- asbestos material
- silicate
- formic acid
- treatment agent
- Prior art date
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- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 144
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- GCTOSMYFALESJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-methylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound N.CC(C)(C)O GCTOSMYFALESJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0066—Disposal of asbestos
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/41—Inorganic fibres, e.g. asbestos
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment agent and a method for treating asbestos, which can enhance the safety of handling asbestos in the disposal site, when handling it at the disposal site, and after landfill disposal. The treatment agent for treating waste asbestos according to the present invention includes (a) an alkali metal silicate, (b) a quaternary ammonium silicate, and (c) water.
Description
This invention relates to the processing agent which processes the asbestos material used for a building, etc., and the processing method of the asbestos material using this.
Asbestos (asbestos) has been widely used in buildings and the like since it has good properties such as fire resistance and heat insulation.
In recent years, however, asbestos has been found to be a cause of health problems due to suction of dust, and asbestos is removed and disposed of on a large scale (see
And as for the place where the removal of asbestos material is difficult, it seals with a chemical | medical agent, and prevents asbestos scattering.
As for removal, the asbestos material is constructed by spraying or the like, and the asbestos material is removed by peeling from a building or the like.
The removed asbestos is packed and disposed of at an industrial waste disposal site. Asbestos is disposed of at a specially managed industrial waste disposal site, not at a general industrial waste disposal site, due to concerns about its harmfulness.
As a method of treating the asbestos material, in addition to landfill disposal, there are melt disposal and cement solidification disposal, but these are rarely used due to problems such as cost.
About sealing asbestos, it sprays with a predetermined chemical | medical agent, and solidifies and seals the surface of asbestos, or it penetrates and seals a chemical | medical agent inside, and prevents scattering.
Asbestos treatment requires safety considerations not only in the removal work site but also when the removed asbestos is transported to an industrial waste disposal site, handled at the disposal site, and even after landfill disposal. It is becoming.
Moreover, also about sealing asbestos, the processing agent which suppresses scattering of asbestos reliably and maintains the non-combustibility and heat insulation which are the characteristics of asbestos itself is calculated | required.
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and the processing agent and asbestos which can improve the safety after handling of asbestos, especially when handling asbestos, when handling it at a disposal site, and after landfill disposal are carried out to the disposal site. It is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment agent for safely sealing the metal, and a treatment method using the same.
Asbestos treatment agent of this invention contains (a) alkali metal silicate, (b) quaternary ammonium silicate, and (c) water.
In the asbestos treating agent of the present invention, the blending amount of the (a) alkali metal silicate with respect to the whole of the treating agent is 5 to 45 mass%, and the blending amount of the (b) quaternary ammonium silicate with respect to the whole treating agent. It is preferable that it is 3-25 mass%.
Also, the (a) alkali metal silicate, M 2 SiO 3: is preferably represented by (M an alkali metal).
Also, the (b) quaternary ammonium silicate, (R 3 N) 2 O · nSiO 2 is preferably represented by (R is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 or more, n is an integer of 1 or more).
The method for treating asbestos material of the present invention comprises the steps of: (i) removing the asbestos material from a construction object;
(ii) spreading the asbestos treatment agent according to any one of
(iii) packing the asbestos material in which the asbestos treatment agent is dispersed into a waste bag.
In the asbestos material treatment method of the present invention, after the step (ii) and before the step (iii), the asbestos material in which the asbestos treatment agent is dispersed may be compressed.
The asbestos treating agent of the present invention contains (a) an alkali metal silicate, (b) a quaternary ammonium silicate, and (c) water, and the (a) alkali metal silicate detoxifies the asbestos material. )can do.
Asbestos is considered to change into a compound having a harmless and stable chemical structure by reaction with alkali metal silicate, and the compound obtained by this reaction is unlikely to be re-disintegrated due to environmental changes such as pH. .
Therefore, even if the waste bag packed with the waste asbestos is broken and the waste asbestos leaks, safety can be ensured.
In addition, the (b) quaternary ammonium silicate in the asbestos treatment agent of the present invention has an effect of increasing the permeability of other components in the composition containing this to asbestos. Therefore, the said detoxification reaction can be accelerated | stimulated by making the component contained in the asbestos processing agent of this invention penetrate deeply inside the asbestos material, and acting on the whole asbestos material.
(b) The quaternary ammonium silicate produces calcium silicate, which is a glassy substance, by reaction with calcium hydroxide contained in a building material in which asbestos is constructed. Therefore, the asbestos can be immobilized by this component, and the asbestos can be reliably prevented from being released to the surrounding environment.
Moreover, in the asbestos treatment agent of this invention. Since (c) water is used as a solvent, it is excellent also in the viewpoint of safety of the solvent itself compared with the organic solvent. In addition, since (a) alkali metal silicate and (b) quaternary ammonium silicate have low hazard, there is no problem in terms of safety.
Therefore, when transporting to the disposal site as well as to the disposal site and handling at the disposal site, external leakage of harmful asbestos can be prevented in advance even after disposal of the landfill, thereby improving safety.
According to the method for treating asbestos material of the present invention, since the asbestos material treatment agent of the present invention is used for asbestos material removed from a construction object, the asbestos material is reliably harmless before packing into a disposal bag, and asbestos even after disposal. Since it is possible to prevent the ash from scattering to the external environment, safety can be ensured.
In addition, by spreading the asbestos material after spreading the asbestos treatment agent and before packing the asbestos material in the bag for disposal, the volume of the asbestos material can be reduced, so that the transportation and disposal costs can be significantly reduced. . In addition, the amount of use of the place in the asbestos dumping site can be suppressed, which is more advantageous in terms of operating costs on disposal. In a specially managed industrial waste disposal site requiring strict leakage prevention management, the lack of disposal space is a problem, and therefore, the technical significance of the present invention which can reduce the volume is large.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the procedure of an example of the processing method of the asbestos material of this invention.
It is a schematic diagram which shows the compression apparatus which can be used for the compression process of asbestos material.
3A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
3B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
4A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
4B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
5A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
5B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
6A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
6B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
7A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
7B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
8A is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
8B is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is not performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method. This is the result when formic acid treatment is performed.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method.
It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the component analysis of the surface of asbestos material using the SEM-EDX method.
Asbestos treatment agent of the present invention (hereinafter may be simply referred to as a treatment agent) is a treatment agent for treating waste asbestos materials, and includes (a) alkali metal silicate, (b) quaternary ammonium silicate, and (c) water. It is to include.
Examples of the (a) alkali metal silicate used in the asbestos treating agent of the present invention include M 2 SiO 3 , MHSi 2 O 5 (M: alkali metal), and, in particular, M 2 SiO 3 (M: alkali metal) desirable.
Here, as alkali metal, 1, 2 or more are preferable in K, Na, and Li.
Moreover, as for the compounding quantity of the alkali metal silicate in an asbestos material processing agent, 5-45 mass% is preferable with respect to the whole processing agent.
If the blending amount is less than 5% by mass, the effect of harming the asbestos material is insufficient, and if it exceeds 45% by mass, the proportion of other components is lowered, and the effect by the components is reduced. While maintaining the effect, it is possible to sufficiently exhibit the effect of the other components.
The quaternary ammonium silicate used in the treatment agent of the present invention is preferably represented by (R 3 N) 2 O.nSiO 2 (R is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms and n is an integer of 1 or more). Liquid silicates such as dimethyl ethanol ammonium silicate, monomethyl tripropanol ammonium silicate, dimethyl dipropanol ammonium silicate and monomethyl tripropanol ammonium silicate.
As the quaternary ammonium silicate, one or two or more of these compounds can be used.
The SiO 2 content of quaternary ammonium silicate is more preferably 15 to 40 mass%, far preferably from 20-30% by weight.
As for the compounding quantity of (b) quaternary ammonium silicate in a processing agent, 3-25 mass% is preferable with respect to the whole processing agent.
When the blending amount is less than 3% by mass, the effect of promoting penetration of the alkali metal silicate is lowered, and when the amount exceeds 25% by mass, the proportion of other components is lowered to reduce the effect of other components. The metal silicate can be sufficiently penetrated into the asbestos material to promote the detoxification, and to fully exhibit the effect of other components.
(c) Water functions as a solvent of (a) alkali metal silicate and (b) quaternary ammonium silicate, and infiltrates them to the deep part of asbestos material.
(D) Surfactant can also be added to a processing agent.
As surfactant, nonionic, anionic, cationic, silicone type, etc. can be used. The surfactant has a function of increasing the dispersibility of the alkali metal silicate and the quaternary ammonium silicate and increasing the penetration of the treatment agent into the asbestos material.
0.1-1 mass% is preferable with respect to the whole processing agent, and, as for the compounding quantity of surfactant, it can make it spread uniformly over the wide range of asbestos material by setting it as this range.
Specific examples of preferred formulations include (a) 5 to 45 mass% of alkali metal silicate, (b) 3 to 25 mass% of quaternary ammonium silicate, and (d) 0.1 to 1 mass% of surfactant. (C) there is a formulation in which water is present.
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, one Embodiment of the processing method of the asbestos material of this invention is described.
1 is a diagram showing the procedure of this processing method.
(1) preliminary work
In the present invention, the asbestos construction object is, for example, a building such as a concrete building, a wooden building, or the like. Specifically, for example, a skeleton in a boiler room, a machine room, an air conditioning machine room, a parking lot, or the like ( Steel frame, etc.), ceiling and wall materials.
Asbestos material is formed on the surface of the building material (steel frame etc.) of a building as a coating layer by spraying etc., for example. In addition, building materials containing asbestos materials (such as slate plates) may be used in buildings.
Asbestos materials are often used together with cement materials such as concrete and mortar. Cement-based materials usually include calcium oxide (CaO) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). A part of CaO becomes Ca (OH) 2 by reaction with water. In addition to these, the cement material often contains aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
As shown in Fig. 1, prior to removal of asbestos, it is preferable to take measures to prevent external leakage of asbestos as follows.
After the removal work site is cleaned, in order to prevent adhesion of asbestos material, curing is performed by covering the bottom surface, wall surface, and the like of the portion where asbestos material is not constructed with a sheet or the like.
A security area having the removal work site as an enclosed space is provided, and a negative pressure vibration suppressor for negative pressure of the security area is provided.
(2) asbestos removal work
Asbestos material installed on the construction object is scraped off or removed by a suitable tool. Hereinafter, the removed asbestos material may be referred to as waste asbestos material.
At this time, scattering of an asbestos material can be suppressed by spreading the scattering inhibitor which consists of metal silicates etc. to an asbestos material. In addition, the dust of asbestos scattered in the air is cleaned by the negative pressure dust collector and disposed of to the outside.
It is desirable for workers to wear protective clothing to prevent exposure to asbestos.
(3) Dispersant spreading work
The above-mentioned treatment agent is dispersed in the asbestos material. As a dispersion method, you may employ | adopt spraying and you may employ | adopt the method of apply | coating using an application | coating tool, such as a brush. As for the dispersion amount of a processing agent, 30-70 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of asbestos materials. By setting the amount of dispersion in this range, a high detoxification effect is obtained. In addition, the amount of dispersion of the treatment agent may be set out of the above-described range according to the kind, components, and the like of the asbestos material.
(A) Alkali metal silicate contained in a processing agent reacts with an asbestos material, and makes it harmless.
(a) Although the reaction of an alkali metal silicate and an asbestos material is not clear in detail, it can be estimated as follows.
For example, the asbestos material having the structure shown in formula (1) is reacted with (a) alkali metal silicate (potassium silicate: K 2 SiO 3 ) under strong base conditions (for example,
In order to make it a strong base condition, you may react in presence of a strong base compound, for example, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 , NaOH. In this example, KOH is used.
[Formula 1]
[Formula 2]
(3)
In the above-mentioned reaction, some magnesium is leaving as a product shown by Formula (3)-(5) by reaction with KOH.
In addition, as shown in formula (6), the magnesium chelate-bonded with a pair of silanol groups (Si-OH) in asbestos material is bonded to potassium silicate spaced apart from one silanol group, and the silanol group in which magnesium is spaced apart Potassium is ionically bound.
The structure in which potassium silicate is bonded to the silanol group is considered to be chemically stable, and even if pH is lowered, the reverse reaction of formula (6) is unlikely to occur.
[Formula 4]
In this way, the asbestos material is made harmless by the desorption reaction of magnesium and the bonding reaction with potassium silicate.
As mentioned above, asbestos is unlikely to be harmful again because it is believed that the reaction of Formula (6) is unlikely to occur in reverse reaction.
The use of the treatment agent of the present invention makes it possible for the asbestos material to be in a form in which harmfulness is unlikely to occur again due to pH change, which is the first finding by the inventors of the present invention, and its technical significance is very high.
In contrast, (a) without using an alkali metal silicate and simply placing the asbestos material represented by formula (1) under strong base conditions (for example, adding KOH), Similarly, the structural change occurs, but the pH is low and the reverse reaction occurs easily, and the hydrolysis is returned to the structure shown in the formula (1).
[Chemical Formula 5]
(b) The quaternary ammonium silicate has the effect of increasing the permeability (wetting) to the asbestos material. Therefore, the other components in the treatment agent can be deeply penetrated into the asbestos material and spread uniformly throughout. Therefore, (a) alkali metal silicate can be made to act on the whole asbestos material, and the said detoxification reaction can be promoted.
The quaternary ammonium silicate reacts with calcium hydroxide [(Ca (OH) 2 ], if present, to produce calcium silicate, which is a glassy substance.
When an asbestos material is used together with a cement material (concrete, mortar, etc.), the asbestos material reacts with calcium hydroxide contained in the cement material to generate calcium silicate, which is a glassy material, and thus can fix the asbestos material.
Formula (8) is an example of the formation reaction of calcium silicate.
[Formula 6]
In order to produce calcium silicate, which is a quaternary ammonium silicate and fix the asbestos material, even if the detoxification reaction by alkali metal silicate is insufficient, it is possible to prevent harmful asbestos material from being released by scattering or the like. have.
Table 1 is an experimental result which shows the solidification effect | action by quaternary ammonium silicate.
In Example 1, 17.4 mass% aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium silicate was apply | coated to the test body which consists of concrete using a brush [average arrival amount 0.14 g / cm <2> ], and the strength and hardness are measured It was. In order to compare, the result of Example 2 which did not apply the quaternary ammonium silicate aqueous solution is shown in parallel.
Compressive strength was measured according to JIS A1108. Schmidt Hammer strength was measured according to JSCE-G504.
Micro Vickers Hardness was measured using a Micro Vickers hardness tester (scratch tester).
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, in Example 1, since the mechanical strength is higher than that in Example 2, the solidification action by the quaternary ammonium silicate was confirmed.
(4) Asbestos material recovery and compression work
The asbestos material which spread | dispersed the processing agent can be put into the discarding bag and can be compressed using a compression apparatus.
2 shows an example of a compression device. In order to compress the
Thereby, the volume reduction of the
Therefore, the transportation and disposal costs can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, the usage-amount of a processing agent can be suppressed and it becomes more advantageous in terms of cost.
In particular, in a specially managed industrial waste disposal site which requires strict leakage prevention management, the lack of disposal space becomes a problem, so the technical significance of the method which can reduce the volume is large.
Since the volume is reduced, the effect of spreading the treatment agent uniformly throughout the
In addition, since the capacity of the
Protective clothing and a curing sheet used in the asbestos removal work can be put in a
In order to reliably prevent the external leakage of the
(5) Take it out to the disposal ground
After the opening of the
Since the processing agent of this invention contains (a) alkali metal silicate and (b) quaternary ammonium silicate, asbestos material can be made harmless by (a) alkali metal silicate.
Asbestos is considered to be harmless due to the reaction with alkali metal silicate and change into a stable chemical structure, and this compound is unlikely to be harmful again due to environmental changes such as pH. Even if is leaked, safety can be secured.
In addition, since the (b) quaternary ammonium silicate has the effect of enhancing the permeability, the treatment agent can be penetrated deeply into the asbestos material, and the alkali metal silicate can be applied to the entire asbestos material to promote the detoxification reaction.
In addition, (b) the quaternary ammonium silicate generates calcium silicate, which is a glassy substance, by reaction with calcium hydroxide contained in a building material in which asbestos is constructed. Asbestos material is immobilized by solidification between cement particles, thereby asbestos. The ash can be reliably prevented from being released to the outside.
Moreover, since (c) water is used as a solvent, it is excellent also in the safety of the solvent itself compared with the organic solvent. In addition, (a) alkali metal silicate and (b) quaternary ammonium silicate also have low hazards, so there is no problem in terms of safety.
Therefore, when transporting to the disposal site as well as to the disposal site and handling at the disposal site, external leakage of harmful asbestos can be prevented in advance even after disposal of landfill, and safety can be improved.
According to the method for treating asbestos material of the present invention, since the treatment agent is used, the asbestos material can be reliably harmless and safety can be ensured.
In addition, by compressing the asbestos material, the volume of the asbestos material can be reduced, so that the transportation and disposal costs can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, the usage-amount of a processing agent can be suppressed and it becomes more advantageous in terms of cost.
In particular, in a specially managed industrial waste disposal site which requires strict leakage prevention management, the lack of disposal space becomes a problem, so the technical significance of the method which can reduce the volume is large.
[Example]
Hereinafter, the effect of this invention is shown by the specific example.
Quantitative determination of asbestos was carried out as follows.
Asbestos material (standard sample) and the standard material [Talk: Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ] for mixing a known amount of asbestos material (standard sample) and the standard material The diffraction line intensity ratio was measured with the X-ray diffraction apparatus, and the calibration curve was created. Asbestos material (standard sample) is a standard sample of 95% of chrysotile provided by the Japan Working Environment Measurement Association.
A known amount of internal standard material was added to the sample to be measured, and the diffraction line intensity ratio between the sample to be measured and the standard material was determined by an X-ray diffraction apparatus. Asbestos material quantity ratio was calculated | required from this diffraction line intensity ratio using the said calibration curve, and asbestos material content was computed from the value.
Test Example 1 (Blank Test)
Asbestos materials (standard samples) were subjected to component analysis by the X-ray diffraction method.
For comparison, the same test was conducted except that the asbestos material was subjected to formic acid treatment.
Formic acid treatment is a process which adds 20 mass% aqueous formic acid solution to an asbestos material, and makes it dry.
The results are shown in Table 2.
3A and 3B are graphs showing the results of X-ray diffraction. The horizontal axis is the incident angle of X-rays, and the vertical axis is the X-ray intensity. 3A is a result when formic acid treatment is not performed, and FIG. 3B is a result when formic acid treatment is performed. P1 and P2 are peak values representing an asbestos material (standard sample), and P3 and P4 are peak values representing an internal standard substance (talc).
(Test Example 2) (treated only with calcium hydroxide)
9.Og of 20 mass% calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2 ] aqueous solution was added to 0.6 g of asbestos material (standard sample) and mixed.
After drying for one week at 40 ° C, the asbestos was separated by X-ray diffraction to determine the asbestos content.
Asbestos content rate is the ratio (mass%) of the asbestos amount obtained by this test example with respect to the asbestos amount in test example 1 (blank test).
In order to compare, the same test was done to the already asbestos material which was dried except having performed a formic acid treatment prior to component analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
4A is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when no formic acid treatment is performed, and FIG. 4B is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when formic acid treatment is performed.
Test Example 3 (Treatment with Cement Water Only)
To 0.6 g of asbestos material (standard sample), 7.5 g of cement water was added and mixed. Cement water is a suspension of portland cement in water (cement: water = 1: 3) (mass basis).
After drying for 1 week at 40 ° C, the asbestos material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction to evaluate the asbestos content.
In order to compare, the same test was done to the already asbestos material which was dried except having performed a formic acid treatment prior to component analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
FIG. 5A is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when no formic acid treatment is performed, and FIG. 5B is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the formic acid treatment is performed.
Test Example 4 (Treatment Only With Treatment Agent)
To 0.6 g of asbestos material (standard sample), 3 ml of the treatment agent was added and mixed, and dried at 40 ° C for 24 hours.
The formulation of the treatment agent is, (a) an alkali metal silicate (potassium: K 2 SiO 3) 9.3% by weight, (b) a quaternary ammonium silicate (dimethyl ethanol ammonium silicate) 10.6% by weight, (d) 0.5% by weight surfactant And (c) 79.6 mass% of water.
As the surfactant, a nonionic surfactant was used.
To this asbestos material, 3 ml of the treating agent was added and mixed again, dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours, and then 3 ml of the treating agent was added and mixed again, and dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours.
Component analysis was performed about this asbestos material by the X-ray diffraction method, and asbestos content rate was calculated.
In order to compare, the same test was done to the already asbestos material which was dried except having performed a formic acid treatment prior to component analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
6A is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when no formic acid treatment is performed, and FIG. 6B is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when formic acid treatment is performed.
Test Example 5 (Treating Agent + Calcium Hydroxide Treatment)
To 0.6 g of asbestos (standard sample), 3 ml of the same treatment agent as in Test Example 4 was added, mixed, and dried at 40 ° C for 24 hours.
9.0 g of 20 mass% calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2 ] aqueous solution was added to the asbestos material, mixed, dried at 40 ° C. for 1 week, and then 3 ml of the treating agent was added and mixed at 40 ° C. for 24 hours. After drying, 3 ml of the treatment agent was further added and mixed, followed by drying at 40 ° C. for 24 hours.
Component analysis was performed about this asbestos material by the X-ray diffraction method, and asbestos content rate was calculated.
In order to compare, the same test was done to the already asbestos material which was dried except having performed a formic acid treatment prior to component analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
7A is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when no formic acid treatment is performed, and FIG. 7B is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when formic acid treatment is performed.
Test Example 6 (Treating Agent + Cement Water Treatment)
To 0.6 g of asbestos (standard sample), 3 ml of the same treatment agent as in Test Example 4 was added, mixed, and dried at 40 ° C for 24 hours.
7.5 g of cement water similar to Test Example 3 was added to the asbestos material, mixed, dried at 40 ° C. for 1 week, then 3 ml of the treatment agent was added and mixed, dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours, and again. 3 ml of treatment agent was added and mixed, and it dried at 40 degreeC for 24 hours.
Component analysis was performed about this asbestos material by the X-ray diffraction method, and asbestos content rate was calculated.
In order to compare, the same test was done to the already asbestos material which was dried except having performed a formic acid treatment prior to component analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
FIG. 8A is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when no formic acid treatment is performed, and FIG. 8B is a graph showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the formic acid treatment is performed.
TABLE 2
As shown in Table 2, from Test Examples 2 and 3, when the asbestos material was treated with calcium hydroxide or cement water, the asbestos content was decreased, but when the pH was lowered by formic acid treatment, the asbestos content was 100% or excitation. You can see that it returns to the value close to.
In contrast, as shown in Test Examples 4 to 6, when the treatment agent was used, the asbestos content was low, and this content rate did not increase greatly by formic acid treatment.
From this fact, it can be seen that by using the treatment agent of the present invention, part of the asbestos is made innocuous and harmfulness hardly occurs again due to the change of the pH environment.
This can be considered to be due to the irreversible change of the asbestos chemical structure into a harmless structure by reaction with the treatment agent of the present invention.
In addition, in the presence of calcium hydroxide or cement water, the asbestos content was further lowered.
9A and 9B are graphs showing the results of component analysis of the surface of the asbestos material (standard sample) used in Test Example 1 using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis method (SEM-EDX method). The vertical axis represents the content rate (mass%).
FIG. 9A is a result when the formic acid treatment is not performed, and FIG. 9B is a result when the formic acid treatment is performed.
From these results, it turns out that the change of the component of asbestos material by a formic acid process hardly occurs.
10A and 10B are the results of component analysis according to the SEM-EDX method of asbestos material treated in Test Example 2. FIG. FIG. 10A is a result when the formic acid treatment is not performed, and FIG. 10B is a result when the formic acid treatment is performed.
11A and 11B are the results of component analysis according to the SEM-EDX method of asbestos material treated in Test Example 3. FIG. FIG. 11A is a result when the formic acid treatment is not performed, and FIG. 11B is a result when the formic acid treatment is performed.
These results show that when the asbestos material is treated with calcium hydroxide or cement water, the magnesium content decreases but returns to 100% or a value close to this by formic acid treatment (pH decrease).
12 is a component analysis result according to the SEM-EDX method of the asbestos material treated in Test Example 5 (formic acid treatment), and FIG. 13 is a result of component analysis of asbestos material treated in Test Example 6 (formic acid treatment).
From these results, it was confirmed that magnesium content does not increase even if formic acid treatment (pH lowering) is performed by the use of the treatment agent, and recombination of the separated magnesium hardly occurs.
(Test Examples 7-12)
The aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium silicate (2.5 mass% in solid content conversion) was apply | coated to the test body surface which consists of materials shown in Table 3, and it dried. The contact angle of water on this surface was measured.
[Table 3]
As shown in Table 3, the contact angle was greatly reduced by the quaternary ammonium silicate.
From this fact, it turns out that quaternary ammonium silicate has an effect which raises permeability (wetting property).
(Test Examples 13-15)
About 300 g of asbestos material (volume specific gravity: about 0.1 to 0.2 g / cm 3 ), the same treatment agent as used in Test Example 4 was dispersed. The amount of the treatment agent was 10 g (Test Example 13), 150 g (Test Example 14), or 200 g (Test Example 15). Asbestos material was compressed by using the compression apparatus shown in FIG. 2. The compression ratio was about 70 to 80%.
In all of Test Examples 13-15, the asbestos material solidified by the compression process was obtained.
Particularly, in Test Example 14, the shape of the asbestos solidified is hardly deformed even if a strong pressure is applied from the outside, and in Test Example 15, the shape of the asbestos solidified is almost the same even if a strong pressure is applied from the outside. It was not deformed and became a form which was easy to handle at the time of conveyance.
(Test Example 16)
The asbestos treated in the same manner as in Test Example 6 was immersed in water having a pH of 7.8 to 8.3, and the amount of elution of heavy metals and the like was measured. The measuring method was based on "the Holy Spirit (Japanese General Ministry No. 5) which sets the judgment standard regarding industrial waste containing metals etc .." The results are shown in Table 4.
[Table 4]
From Table 4, it can be seen that in the asbestos material treated by the present invention, elution of heavy metals or the like hardly occurs in all of the detection items, thereby satisfying the regulation value.
[Industry availability]
According to the present invention, the asbestos material can be harmless in a form that is unlikely to cause re-harm due to environmental changes. Leakage can be prevented in advance, increasing safety.
1: Asbestos material 2: Disposal bag
3: compression vessel 4: pressurized body
Claims (6)
(b) quaternary ammonium silicate: and
(c) water
Asbestos treatment agent comprising a.
The asbestos processing agent of the said (a) alkali metal silicate compounding quantity with respect to the said whole processing agent is 5-45 mass%, and (b) the compounding quantity of the said quaternary ammonium silicate with respect to the said whole processing agent is 3-25 mass%.
The (a) alkali metal silicate, M 2 SiO 3 (M: alkali metal) is, treatment of asbestos material.
The (b) quaternary ammonium silicate is (R 3 N) 2 O.nSiO 2 (R is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 or more).
(ii) packing the asbestos material in which the asbestos treatment agent is dispersed into a waste bag;
How to process asbestos comprising a.
And after the step (i), before the step (ii), a step of compressing the asbestos material in which the asbestos treatment agent is dispersed.
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