KR20110021899A - Solar array support methods and systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for placing and supporting solar panel arrays are described. Embodiments include various combinations of pod configurations for supporting cables, support columns, and solar panels. Solar panels can enhance solar acquisition by integrating single or dual tracking capabilities. In embodiments, the ground may be doubled to minimize ground breakage upon installation of the system. Auxiliary power can be provided by a vertical axis windmill integrated with the column. Special installations of the system may include systems mounted on structures such as parking lots, roads and waterways.

Description

SOLAR ARRAY SUPPORT METHODS AND SYSTEMS

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of solar energy condensing, and more particularly, to apparatus, systems, and methods for solar energy condensing comprising photovoltaic (PV) solar panels supported by systems consisting of cables and columns.

Current systems that support solar panels tend to be larger and more expensive. Given the size and weight of these systems, it is difficult and expensive to realize remote solar panel arrays. If large installations are required, it is very difficult to install solar panel arrays in environmentally sensitive areas without impacting the surrounding living environment. Typically, secondary use of solar panel arrays is not permitted in such support systems.

Photovoltaic technology continues to advance not only in terms of the efficiency of PV cells converting solar energy into power, but also in the basic composition of PV panels when changing installations. One example of the generation of PV panels is tubular or cylindrical PV devices. This type of PV device has the advantage of condensing sunlight at a large angle and increasing the surface area for condensing sunlight when used in a tightly packaged manner.

Despite advances in PV technology, there is still a need for solar panel systems that require fewer and less expensive materials to support the panels. In addition, solar panel systems have to be developed that can provide power in areas where solar panel systems cannot be used conventionally due to rough terrain or lack of ground for installation.

The present invention, in one embodiment, includes a system that supports a solar panel array. The system includes at least two pairs of vertical columns, each column pair comprising a long column and a short column. These two pairs of vertical columns are located at some distance. The first support cable is fixed between the short columns and the second support cable is fixed between the long columns. A wire or other anchoring device may be attached to the column to provide lateral support to the columns against stretching caused by suspending the support cable between the spaced columns. The system also includes a solar panel receiver or pod secured to these two support cables. Solar panel receivers or panels are used to support the solar panels. The receiver / pod may include a maintenance path or other element that provides access to an individual receiver / pod for maintenance.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a shelter and a system for providing electricity. The system includes a column, a support cable, and one or more solar panel receivers that support the solar panel as in the solar panel array support system described above. The column can be sized to allow for activities that can occur under the solar panel receiver. For example, if it is desired activity to provide a shaded parking lot, the columns can have a height to park the vehicle under the solar panel receiver, and the columns can be created to create a shelter area sized to correspond to the desired area of the parking lot. You can even space them.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a system for supporting a solar panel array, the system having at least four anchor points, wherein a first support cable is suspended between the first pair of anchor points, and Two support cables are suspended at the anchor points of the second pair. The system includes a solar panel receiver supported by first and second support cables, wherein the solar panel receiver is also adapted to receive one or more solar panels.

In another embodiment, the present invention includes methods of supporting a solar panel array. The method includes using a cable to support a solar panel receiver adapted to receive one or more solar panels. In another embodiment, the present invention includes a method of creating a free space using a solar panel array that produces electricity, the method comprising using electricity to cool an area below the array. For example, electricity produced in an array can be used to power a water pump that delivers water to a water-misting device that is secured to the array. A network of water lines and mist-nozzles can be distributed through the array to provide cooling beneath the array, which effectively cools the area under the array when connected to the shade created by the overhead array. It can be used to

In other embodiments, various combinations of curved and flat panel receivers are used in the solar array to meet specific installation conditions.

In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses a system comprising various combinations of support cables, anchor lines, anchors, and support columns.

The system and method for supporting a solar panel array can be configured such that the panel array is supported by a member that is in elongation, compression, or a combination of both. To support the solar panel by stretching, the main support cable is suspended from the column or other fixed support, and these cables can be allowed to hang on a curved surface determined by the amount of stretching located in the cable between the opposing column / fixed support. have. This main cable comprises an upper cable and a lower cable located vertically below the upper cable. The vertically oriented interconnect cables interconnect the upper and lower cables. The combination of top cable, bottom cable, and interconnect cable can be defined as a truss. Multiple trusses may be used to support a solar panel array in which the trusses are located at a certain distance from each other and extend substantially parallel to each other. Pods or receivers are then arranged to extend across adjacent trusses. If cables are used for all elements of the truss, the truss can be characterized as elongated trusses. Interconnect members It is also conceivable that a robust interconnect member is used between the upper cable and the lower cable to create a truss that is placed in a compressed state, whereby the truss can be characterized as a compression truss.

The pod or receiver may be curved or planar such that the solar panels conform to a general curved surface or extend in a flat planar configuration. One way to mount the pod is to create a generally convex pod mount along the convex surface of the top or main cable. Another way to mount the pod is to create a generally concave pod mount along the concave surface of the lower or main cable. Combinations of both convex and concave mountings can also be considered. The system of the present invention is likewise suitable for creating solar panel arrays that can also have complex curves. In this composite curved aspect of the present invention, shims can be used where the struts are connected to the main cable and thus the pods can be held in an irregular direction relative to the cable, which cables extend or run parallel to each other. May not be extended. Alternatively, a ball joint connection can be used where the strut is connected to the main cable and thus the pod can be held in an irregular direction relative to the cable.

In some embodiments of the invention, the solar panel array may be a free upright structure in which the array is solely supported by a system consisting of cables and columns. In another embodiment, the solar panel array of the present invention may be partially supported directly by existing structures, for example buildings. In other embodiments, columns and cables can be used to create a portable and permanent structure, where trusses can be used to support the solar panel array as well as to support the roof of the structure.

The advantage of the feature of deflecting the wind direction achievable by airfoils installed at selected ends of the solar panel array makes the solar panel array ideal for integrating windmills that assist in power generation. In one preferred form, the windmills can be vertical axis windmills in which a column or solar panel array can be mounted directly to other supports. By controlling the aerodynamic characteristics of the solar panel array, it is possible to increase the speed of air flow over the solar panel, which is obtained as effective wind energy for powering the windmill.

In another system and method of the present invention, a pod or receiver is mounted so that the pod can be rotated along a single axis or a plurality of axes, so that the panels can better track the movement of the sun and thus increase the power output. have. Thus, the present invention can integrate a single tracker device and a dual tracker device used to selectively rotate the orientation of the solar panel.

The present invention provides a means for selectively adjusting the elongation in an interconnect cable by applying an elongate force to devices mounted directly to the cable truss. For example, the stretching devices are mounted on adjacent upper or lower cables, and interconnected cables extending diagonally or vertically pass through the pulley mechanism of each of these stretching devices.

In another embodiment of the present invention, according to the specifically intended use of the present invention, for example, whether the present invention is intended solely to generate electrical power, it acts as a structure with a roof and the like to shade the shade. Select the pod / receiver type and placement and PV cell type as intended to achieve secondary functionality as provided. For example, the solar panel may be a conventional flat solar panel mounted in a desired arrangement on the receiver / pod. In another example, the solar panel can include cylindrical PV cells, such as those manufactured by Solyndra ™, Fremont, California. As mentioned above, one advantage of tubular / cylindrical PV devices is that they provide more surface area for photovoltaic cells compared to planar PV cells, and tubular cells provide sunlight when the solar angle changes during the day. The direct relationship with the is that part of the outer surface of the tube is self-tracking which can be easily oriented.

Since the solar panels can be produced in various batches with a combination of cables and columns, the present invention can be used in numerous different areas. The system of the present invention can be easily configured in a wide open space as well as in a city where there are limitations of the ground and disadvantages of inclined areas. The systems of the present invention can also be incorporated, among other things, for a number of secondary uses, such as production of shade, support for basic structures, and generation of auxiliary power by integration with windmills.

Other advantages and features of the system and method of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the following drawings in conjunction with the detailed description.

1 is a perspective view of a solar panel array supported according to an embodiment of the invention.
2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a solar panel array supported according to an embodiment of the invention.
3 is a cross sectional view of a solar panel array supported according to an embodiment of the invention.
4 is a perspective rear view of an exemplary solar panel array.
5 is a perspective side view of an exemplary solar panel array.
6 is a rear perspective view of an exemplary pod showing the creation of a rigid member using a post and cord.
7 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary pod including several optional features.
8 is a front perspective view of several solar panel receivers connected to one another.
9 is a front elevational view of several solar panel receivers connected to one another.
10 is a front and side perspective view of an exemplary solar panel array including a central support member.
11 is a front and side perspective view of an exemplary solar panel array including a central support member.
12 is a front elevational view of an exemplary solar panel array suspended across a valley.
13 is a plan view from below of an exemplary solar panel array suspended across a valley.
14 is a perspective view of a solar panel array according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a rear elevation view of the solar panel array shown in FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is a side view of the solar panel array of FIG. 14.
17 is a perspective view of a solar panel array of another embodiment of the present invention.
18 is a rear elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 17.
19 is a perspective view of another solar panel array embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
20 is a rear elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 19.
21 is an enlarged side view of the embodiment of FIG. 19.
22 is a diagram of an embodiment of another solar panel array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
23 is a perspective view of a plurality of rows of a solar panel array.
24 is another perspective view of a plurality of rows of a solar panel array.
25 is a side view of a solar panel array in another embodiment of the present invention.
26 is an enlarged perspective view of another exemplary pod used to support a plurality of solar panels of the present invention.
27 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing three rows of panel receivers / pods with concave and convex surfaces as viewed from above.
28 is an elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 27.
FIG. 29 is a plan view from below of the embodiment of FIG. 27;
30 is a bottom plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 27.
FIG. 31 is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 27.
FIG. 32 is a fragmentary enlarged perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 27 illustrating a pod configuration, cable connection, and how the solar panel is mounted to the curved posts of the panel receiver / pod row.
32A is an enlarged view of FIG. 32 showing the intersection of four panel receivers / pods and showing the gap between each pod and cable arrangement providing support.
FIG. 33 is another enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 27 showing an alternative configuration for curved shores extending continuously across rows of pods.
34 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing three rows of panel receivers / pods with convex curved surfaces when viewed from above.
35 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing three rows of panel receivers / pods with concave curved surfaces when viewed from above.
36 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a plurality of three row configurations coupled to form an array with three major spans.
FIG. 37 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a plurality of three row configurations coupled to form an array with three major spans. FIG.
FIG. 38 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a plurality of three row configurations coupled to form an array with three major spans and a plurality of openings formed in the array by moving selected panel receivers / pods.
39 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing three groups of three low pod configurations spaced apart from one another.
40 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a plurality of three configurations combined to form an array with three major spans and incorporating various columns.
FIG. 41 is a view of another embodiment of the present invention, similar to the embodiment of FIG. 41 but showing a plurality of three row configurations coupled to form an array with three major spans, incorporating angularly extending external columns. Perspective view.
42 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention, which is particularly suitable for installations that cross aqueducts.
43 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 42.
FIG. 44 is an elevational view taken along line 44-44 of FIG. 42.
FIG. 45 is another elevational view taken along line 45-45 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 46 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 42 showing the solar panel and receiver moved to better explain the layout of the cable.
FIG. 47 is another perspective view as shown in FIG. 46, further showing a protective membrane mounted to a low support cable. FIG.
48 is another perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 49 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 48.
50 is a perspective view of another pod or receiver configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 51 is a perspective view of the receiver of FIG. 50 with a solar panel mounted; FIG.
FIG. 52 is a history view of the receiver / pod and solar panel of the embodiment of FIGS. 50 and 51.
FIG. 53 is an elevation view taken along line 53-53 of FIG. 51;
FIG. 54 is another elevational view taken along line 54-54 of FIG. 51;
55 is a plan view of another pod or receiver configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention.
56 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 55 showing a pod / receiver configuration.
FIG. 57 is a perspective view of an array incorporating the triangular pod / receiver shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 55 and 56.
58 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 59 is a side elevation view taken along line 59-59 of FIG. 58 showing a further detailed description of this embodiment.
60 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention incorporating a pair of airfoils at each end of an array.
60A is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view that specifically illustrates one of the airfoils and an exemplary rod / receiver configuration.
FIG. 61 is a side elevation view of one of the arrays of the present invention, specifically showing a pressure pattern acting on the array based on air flow moving through the array.
FIG. 62 is another elevation view of the array shown in FIG. 61, incorporating airfoils that alter the resulting air flow panel when air contacts the array.
FIG. 63 is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 further incorporating a flexible sealing bracket between receivers.
FIG. 64 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view cut along line 64-64 of FIG. 63 showing the sealing bracket in detail. FIG.
65 is an elevation view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention including an adjustable stretching device.
FIG. 66 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 65 showing an adjustable stretching device. FIG.
FIG. 67 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 67-67 of FIG. 66 detailing an adjustable stretching device.
FIG. 68 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention that includes a plurality of vertical windmills mounted to a column of a solar panel array. FIG.
FIG. 69 is an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 68, cutting lines 69-69 further comprising airfoils connected at both ends of the array to modify the air flow over the array thereby enhancing the windmill's ability to generate power.
70 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 68.
FIG. 71 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 71/71 of FIG. 68 further detailing the embodiment of FIG. 68.
FIG. 72 is an elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention incorporating a combination of stretching and compressing members into a truss that enables concave and convex mounting of a solar panel. FIG.
FIG. 73 is an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 72 showing additional spans of pods and vertical windmills incorporated in the installation of a solar panel array with a building.
FIG. 74 is a perspective view of a solar panel array as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 73 with the vertical axis windmill and basic roof structure clearly moved to show the arrangement of the array.
75 is an elevational view of yet another embodiment of the present invention showing a compression truss on which the lower main cable solar panel is mounted while the solar panel is recessed.
FIG. 76 is an elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a compression truss for supporting a solar panel array disposed in a horizontal plane and a truss also used for supporting a roof or covering integrated in the array.
FIG. 77 is another elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a compression truss supporting a solar panel array and a truss also used to support the roof or covering in which the array is integrated within the array to follow the contour of the roof / cover.
78 is another elevational view showing the compression truss supporting the solar panel and the building roof and covering disposed below the solar panel.
79 is a perspective view of an embodiment showing two spans of compression truss deployment.
FIG. 80 is an elevational view taken along line 80-80 of FIG. 79;
FIG. 81 is a perspective view of a panel receiver or pod supporting a plurality of solar panels arranged to form a composite shape extending at different angles when the solar panels are supported between adjacent cable pairs. FIG.
FIG. 82 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 81 with the solar panels moved to expose the receiver / pod configuration.
83 is a fragmentary enlarged elevation view illustrating the connection between the upper support cable and the main support beam of the pod using a ball joint configuration.
FIG. 84 is another fragmentary elevational view illustrating the connection between the support cable and the main support beam using shims or wedges to achieve the desired deflection direction between the support cable and the main support beam of the pod. FIG.
FIG. 85 is an elevation view showing the orientation of a pod element and a support cable not equipped with a solar panel as taken along line 85-85 in FIG. 82.
86 is an elevational view taken along line 86-86 of FIG. 82 showing that a solar panel is mounted to the receiver.
87 is a perspective view of another embodiment in which two spans of convex portions are mounted to a pod incorporating a compression truss.
FIG. 88 is an elevational view taken along line 88-88 of FIG. 87. FIG.
FIG. 89 is a perspective view of FIG. 87 with the solar panel moved to expose the pod configuration.
FIG. 90 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of the pod in the embodiment of FIG. 89 with the solar panels moved to expose a particular configuration of the pod element.
FIG. 91 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of the present invention that may incorporate dual tracking performance in relation to the pod's orientation in two separate adjustments that allow the pod to track the sun by rotation of two separate axes. .
FIG. 92 is an elevational view taken along line 92-92 of FIG. 91.
FIG. 93 is an elevation view taken along line 93-93 of FIG. 91;
94 is a top view of FIG. 91.
FIG. 95 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of a dual axis tracking mechanism provided in connection with the present invention and integrated using the example in the embodiment of FIG. 91.
FIG. 96 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of a single axis tracking mechanism provided in connection with the present invention and integrated using the example in the embodiment of FIG. 91.
97 is an elevation view of a weight that may be used to stabilize a truss during construction of an array in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
98 is an elevational view of another type of truss that can be used with weights to stabilize the truss during the construction of the array.
99 is a fragmentary expanded elevation of a temporary truss support assembly that may be used during construction of the truss.
FIG. 99A is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 99 detailing the configuration of the connection between the cable of the truss and the temporary truss support. FIG.
100 is an elevation view of a type of temporary or permanent truss support feature that a truss component, such as two compression members of the truss, can extend on both sides of the cable.
101 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of a solar panel array in accordance with the present invention in which a single tracking capability is provided for a linear extending row of solar panels.
FIG. 102 is an elevational view taken along line 102-102 of FIG. 101.
FIG. 103 is an elevational view taken along line 103-103 of FIG. 101.
FIG. 104 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 101.
FIG. 105 is a perspective view in another embodiment of the present invention in which a single tracking capability is provided for a solar panel that can be controlled individually in connection with a tracking function.
FIG. 106 is an elevational view taken along line 106/106 of FIG. 105.
107 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 105.
FIG. 108 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of the pod in the embodiment of FIG. 105 with the solar panel moved to expose the configuration of the pod element.
109 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing two spans of convex mounting pods with a single axis tracking capability and pods along the counter of the upper cable.
FIG. 110 is a side elevational view taken along line 110-110 of FIG. 109.
111 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 109.
112 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing two spans of convex mounting pods with single axis tracking capability and pods mounted to achieve a planar configuration.
FIG. 113 is a side elevation cut along the line 113-113 of FIG. 112;
FIG. 114 illustrates a two span convex mounting pod with single axis tracking capability and a pod mounted to achieve a planar configuration, with another embodiment of the present invention in which the pods are positioned midway between the top and bottom cables of the truss. Perspective view.
FIG. 115 is a side elevational view taken along line 115-115 of FIG. 114;
FIG. 116 is a side elevation view showing a single tracking capability of the present invention with the directional pod reversed to handle shading conditions created by the array.
117 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention incorporating a tube or cylindrical PV device.
118 is a schematic diagram of another single axis tracking mechanism according to the present invention in which biasing performance is provided in a range that allows rotation of the pod in response to high winds.
119 is a schematic diagram of a control system in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

1 is a perspective view of a solar panel array supported according to an exemplary embodiment. The solar panel array 10 is shown to include a solar panel receiver or pod 12 of age. The short column 14a, 14b pair and the long column 16a, 16b pair are aligned with each other. These column 14a, 16a and 14b, 16b pairs may also be connected by a stabilizer cable 18 running along the edge of the array 10. The solar panel receiver 12 remains higher than the surface 20 at the height 22 formed by the columns 14a, 16a and 14b, 16b. The first main cable 24 is suspended between the short columns 14a and 14b, and the second main cable 26 is suspended between the long columns 16a and 16b. Since the solar panel receiver 12 is designed to be supported by cables 24 and 26, the overall design is a lightweight, flexible and powerful solar panel array 10, which is the space available below. This is a hidden structure. Anchor line 28 and anchor 30 may be adapted to enable the use of light columns 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b while providing additional support. The anchor line 28 can be a cable or steel rod.

Surface 20 may be, for example, a generally flat ground, a picnic area in a park, a parking lot, a playground. Height 22 may be selected to allow desired operation to be made under array 10. For example, if the parking lot is below the array 10, the height 22 may be such that a conventional vehicle or a small truck can park sufficiently under the array 10, or a commercial truck may be arranged in the array 10. It can be higher than you can park below. If the playground is below the array 10, the array 10 has a height 22 selected to allow installation of the desired playground facility.

Any suitable material and / or structure can be used for the columns 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b, for example concrete, metal, simple poles, or more complex truss columns. In some examples, footings can be installed below the base of each column 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b to provide stability on relatively smooth ground. Cables 18, 24 26 and anchors 28 may be made of any material and design, for example metals, composites and / or polymeric fibers. In one embodiment, the main material used for columns 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b, cables 24 and 26 and anchor lines 28 is steel. The main supporting technique for the array 10 is the cables 24 and 26 under extension, the design of which is both visually and indeed lightweight.

Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment where the columns 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b are "short" or "long", but in other embodiments, all columns may be the same height. No particular angle of elevation is required in the present invention, but considering certain angles that may be more effective in obtaining incident sunlight, depending on latitude, time of year, and other factors.

2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a solar panel array supported according to an exemplary embodiment. Array 10 represents the relative spacing of the rows of array 10 and shows how stabilizer cable 18 is connected to columns 14 and 16 of array 10. Stable cable 18 may likewise be coupled to the anchor member, but this is not shown in FIG. It can be appreciated that the relative heights of columns 14 and 16 can help determine the angle that solar panel receiver 12 has in relation to the incident sunlight. In some embodiments, columns 14 and 16 or solar panel receiver 12 may include a mechanism capable of adjusting the angle of solar panel receiver 12. To do this, for example, the lengths of the columns 14, 16 can be adjusted, or the solar panel receiver 12 can include a mechanism that can change the angle of the individual panels or the entire receiver 12. For example, as the seasons change, sunlight in the sky may change and affect the effect of the solar panel receiver 12, and thus it may be desirable to change the angle of the receiver 12. In addition, since the sun moves day by day, it is possible to improve the light reception by changing the angle of the receiver 12.

3 is a cross sectional view of a solar panel array supported according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown, the array 10 is supported by short columns 14a and 14b, long columns 16a and 16b and anchors 24 and 26. Anchor lines 28 and anchors 30 are provided to increase stability and to enable the use of lightweight columns 14a and 14b, 16a and 16b. The solar panel receiver 12 is shown as having individual pairs of units 32 with a gap 34 between each unit 32. Air may move by the gap 34 and reduce the wind resistance of the array 10. The gap 34 allows for relative movement of the unit 32 because the cables 24 and 26 are somewhat flexible.

4 is a back perspective view of an exemplary solar panel array. It can be seen that the stabilization cable 18 is coupled in various configurations along the length of the array 10, and connects the short columns 14 and the long columns 16 to create a connection structure. The array 10 also includes various anchor cables 28 and anchor points 30 at the ends of the array 10 to help anchor the stabilized cable 18.

5 is a perspective view of an exemplary solar panel array 10 similar to that shown in FIGS. 1-4. It can be seen from the several views of FIGS. 1-5 that the exemplary array 10 provides a shelter that can be defined and readily used for a variety of behaviors.

6 and 7 show pods that can be used as solar panel receivers. The "pod" described herein is intended to provide an example of a solar panel receiver that can be used with the present invention. Solar panel arrays may, of course, have a variety of other structures to perform the function of retaining one or more solar panels while being coupled to support cables as shown herein.

6 shows a rear perspective view of an exemplary pod and shows the use of several struts and cords to create a robust member. Pod 40 is shown having several solar panels 42, which may be photovoltaic panels, for example. An optional feature of the pod 40 is a maintenance walkway 44. Several curved struts 46 extend vertically along the back of the pod 40, and several horizontal struts 48 are engaged with the curved struts 46 by moment connections. Using this moment connection, the overall structure for accommodating the solar panel 42 becomes a robust lightweight frame. The central strut 50 extends beyond the back of the pod 40 and is connected to the truss cable 52, which provides another lightweight high support aspect of the structure. Lightweight curved struts 46 can be used by the central struts 50 and truss cables 52 to provide support in the center of the curved struts 46.

In another embodiment, unlike generating electricity from photovoltaic panels, the present invention can also be used to support solar panels that collect solar energy. The solar collector can be mounted on the solar panel receiver shown here, and thermal energy can be collected using a heat transfer medium pumped through flexible tubing. In such embodiments, any suitable material may be used, but glycol may be used as the mobile heat transfer medium.

7 is a cross-section of an exemplary pod that includes several optional features. Pod 40 is shown with solar panel 42 in place. The optional maintenance passage 44 is shown again on the bottom of the curved member 46. The central strut 50 and truss cable 52 again provide support to the curved member 46. Pod 40 may include, for example, Mr 54, which may be used to provide evaporative cooling to a hidden area beneath the solar array using pod 40. Pod 40 may include, for example, light 56 or a security camera. In one embodiment, a solar array can be used to provide a parking shelter, which, for example, uses a fuel cell or battery to store electricity during the day, and then stores the stored electricity during the night. Discharge by shining light on the parking shelter.

Two cable receivers 58 and 60 are also shown. Although shown in the form of a simple opening through which the cable can pass, the cable receivers 58 and 60 may take other forms. For example, cable receivers 58 and 60 may include a mechanism that is loosely locked to the cable. 6 and 7, it can be seen that the exemplary pod 40 is designed so that rain falls off the solar panel as easily as water drifts off the curve of the pod 40. In other embodiments, the pod 40 may be somewhat flat unlike having the curved surface shown, or may have a different curved surface than shown.

8 is a front perspective view of several solar panel receivers connected together. The first solar panel receiver 70, the second solar panel receiver 72, and the third solar panel receiver 74 are supported by the main upper support cable 76 and the main lower support cable 78. Optionally, the maintenance passage 80 is likewise shown. Also included is a flexible electrical cable 82 that can transfer power from each solar panel receiver 70, 72, 74 when solar energy is obtained. The flexible electrical cable 82 also serves to distribute power to devices such as security cameras or lights that may be provided under the solar panel receivers 70, 72, 74.

9 is a front elevational view showing several solar panel receivers connected together. Again, solar panel receivers 70, 72, 74 are shown to be supported by upper support cable 76 and lower support cable 78, and include an optional maintenance passage 80. Two flexible electrical cables 82a and 82b are shown in FIG. 9 and serve the same purpose as described above with respect to FIG. 8. It is clearly shown in FIG. 9 that there is a gap 84 between the solar panel receivers 70, 72, 74. The gap 84 allows the solar panel receivers 70, 72, 74 to move independently, making the overall array less robust and more resistant to high winds. The gap 84 also prevents adjacent solar panel receivers (ie 70 and 72 or 72 and 74) from damaging each other in windy situations.

Depending on the desired output of the array, flexible electrical cables 82a and 82b can be coupled to a substation that gathers the generated power and provides an output. For example, the collected electricity is essentially direct current power, and as shown here, the array can be easily used to charge a battery or fuel cell. Power is also used with the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen, which is useful for use as fuel.

10 is a front and side perspective view of an exemplary solar panel array including a central support member. Exemplary array 100 includes a plurality of alternating short columns 102 and long columns 014, with main lower support cables and main upper support cables 106 and 108 suspended on these columns 102 and 104. It is. Anchor line 110 and anchor 112 provide additional support, and array 100 supports a plurality of solar panel receivers 114. 10 further includes a central support 116, which allows longer spans to be covered between columns 102 and 104 and reduces the need to install additional anchors 112. In addition, since the central support 116 does not provide stability to lateral movement and only needs to provide vertical support, the central support 116 can be manufactured in a much lighter configuration than the outer columns 102 and 104. have.

11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary solar panel array including a central support member. Again, the array 100 is supported using a short column 102, a long column 104, a lower support cable 106 and an upper support cable 108. Array 100 may be partially stabilized using anchor lines 110 and anchors 112, and a plurality of solar panel receivers 114 are supported. The central column 116 provides central support, but need not be added to the lateral stability of the array 100 because portions of the array pull both sides of the center column 116 evenly.

12 is a front elevational view of an exemplary solar panel array suspended across a valley. Array 120 is suspended across valley 122 by using four anchors 124 that allow two main support cables 126 and 128 to be suspended across valley 122. The plurality of solar panel receivers 130 may be supported by support cables 126 and 128. By suspending array 120 across valley 122, a desired height 132 above the valley floor can be achieved by the array. Height 132 is high enough that wildlife can pass below.

It can be appreciated that there are a number of potential environmental benefits resulting from this type of structure, which provide a quiet and safe energy generating energy, provide shade and / or shelter, and can be installed without mobilizing a lot of heavy equipment. have. Using arrays on corroded grounds promotes leaf growth in heavily exposed locations and thus delays corrosion.

13 is a top plan view of an exemplary solar panel array suspended across a valley. It can be seen that the array 20 is designed to match the shape of the valleys 122. In particular, array 120 includes a plurality of individual lines of solar panel receiver 1300. Relatively short lines 134 by varying the plurality of solar panel receivers 130 suspended by each pair of support cables. ) Coincides with a relatively narrow area installed in valley 122, while longer lines 136 and 138 may span a wider portion of valley 122.

14-16 illustrate another preferred embodiment of the present invention in the form of a solar panel array 200 comprising a plurality of receivers or pods 214 supported by different arrangements of cables and columns. More specifically FIGS. 14 and 15 show a plurality of spaced pods 214, each pod having a plurality of panels 216, a first main lower cable 206 supporting one end of the pod, and And a second main lower cable 208 that supports the opposite end of the pod. The first cable 206 is threaded between the short columns 204, and the second cable 208 is threaded between the long columns 202. A pair of auxiliary support cables are also provided to further support the pod 214, ie a front auxiliary support cable 210 and a rear auxiliary support cable 211. Cables 210 and 211 are particularly useful for withstanding the upward forces caused by wind loads. The plurality of vertically oriented connecting cables 212 interconnect the auxiliary support cables 210 and 211 with their corresponding first and second cables 206 and 208. The embodiments of FIGS. 14-16 also include cross-supports 220 extending between columns 202 and 204. The members 202, 204, 220 may be metal and may be made of a material such as steel or aluminum; Such members may be configured as I-beams, channels, tubular members, and the like. The gap 222 provided between the fords 214 allows wind to pass between the pods and thus prevents damage to the system during high winds. Anchor line 224 extends from each column to each anchor 218. Of course, additional anchor lines 224 can be added to provide the necessary support for the column. FIG. 15 is a rear elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 14, illustrating auxiliary support cables 210 and 211 in more detail.

16, the anchors 224 are installed in a line to minimize the side profile of the system. 14-16 also show a series of other geometric features that form the configuration and overall appearance of the system. For example, the auxiliary support cables 210 and 211 are coplanar with their first / second cables 206 and 208. The panel receiver or pod 214 has a first end at a first height, a second end at a second height lower than the first height. The panel receiver or pod 214 is substantially rectangular and is spaced apart from each other along the first and second cables 206 and 208. The first cable 206 forms a first curved surface, and the second cable 208 forms a second curved surface extending substantially parallel to the first curved surface. The auxiliary support cables 210 and 211 have generally opposite curved surfaces compared to the first and second cables 206 and 208 and extend substantially parallel to each other. The gap 222 between each panel 216 is substantially triangular such that the portion of the gap located adjacent to the second cable 208 is smaller than the portion of the gap located adjacent to the first cable 206. Can be. As also shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, columns 202 and 204 are angled from the mounting surface so that the upper ends of columns 202 and 204 are further away from each other than the lower ends of columns 202 and 204. Extend. Thus angled columns towards the outside of the structure increases the efficiency of the structure against horizontal forces such as wind or earthquake; Therefore, the sizes of the anchor line 224 and the anchor 2180 can be reduced as necessary.

Depending on where the solar panel array is installed, it is necessary to adjust the position of the column to take advantage of the available ground and to minimize the area occupied by the solar panel array. For example, when using a solar panel array to cover a parking lot, it is necessary to adjust the position of the column to minimize the total area occupied by the solar panel by non-vertical columns based on the space available in the parking lot. Thus, in the embodiment of FIGS. 14-16, non-vertical columns allow a group of pods to extend over a wider overall area, as opposed to using vertical columns anchored at the same column location. There may also be an aesthetic advantage by placing columns in various combinations of vertical and angular extensions from future surfaces.

17 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the intermediate support 230 extends vertically from the ground while the outer or outer column extends at a constant angle. In this embodiment, the receiver or pod 214 may also be formed to correspond to the first group 226 and the second group 228. In the first group 226, the pods 214 extend between one of the pairs of outer column and the intermediate support 230, and the second group 228 of pods is the opposite outer column pair and pair and the intermediate support. Extends between 230. FIG. 18 is a rear elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 17 and discloses a particular detail of this embodiment to include auxiliary support cables 210 and 211.

19 shows another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, instead of a single column fixed to the mounting surface, columns 240 and 242 are arranged in a V-shaped configuration. The lower ends of columns 240 and 242 are anchored at the same location, while the upper ends of columns 240 and 242 diverge from each other. As in each previous embodiment, the V-shaped columns 240 and 242 can be made of tubular members or other types of metal members. As shown, the anchor line 224 for each V-shaped column pair may be oriented such that there is a single anchor point 218 to which the anchor line extends. V-shaped columns can reduce the number of anchors 218 required for the array structure.

Referring to FIG. 20, a back elevation is provided for the embodiment of FIG. 19. The figure also shows how the various anchor lines 224 for each column pair terminate at a common anchor point 218. FIG. 21 illustrates how anchor lines 224 may extend in a V-shaped configuration to coincide with columns 240 and 242 and thus minimize side profile of the system. In addition, in this embodiment, a stabilization cable 244 may be provided to extend between the upper ends of the column pairs.

Figure 22 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein V-shaped column supports 240 and 242 are utilized in the extended row of pods. More specifically, a pair of outer or end columns 246 are provided with a pair of intermediate columns 248. The necessary combination of intermediate column supports can be provided to provide adequate structural support.

Referring to FIG. 23, another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, comprising a plurality of rows 250 of solar panel arrays, wherein column supports 202 and 204 extend substantially vertically from a mounting surface. . Note that in this embodiment, the anchor line 224 for each column pair extends to a common anchor point 218. To provide optimal area coverage to the solar panel array, a plurality of rows 250 may optionally be spaced from each other to provide optimal shade in situations where the array is also used to cover structures such as parking lots. . Therefore, the plurality of rows 250 may be spaced more closely to each other, or may be spaced further apart depending on the purpose of a particular installation.

FIG. 24 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of rows 252 of a solar panel array are shown and a V-column configuration is used with column supports 240 and 242. As with the embodiment shown in FIG. 23, the rows 252 may be more closely spaced to each other, or may be spaced further apart depending on the purpose of the particular installation. 24 illustrates some additional anchor lines 225 used to further stabilize the rows 252 of the solar panel array. This anchor 225 is particularly advantageous in dealing with laterally oriented forces, such as wind.

According to each embodiment of the present invention, the particular height at which the solar panel is located can of course be selectively adjusted according to the purpose of the particular installation.

 Figure 25 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein each solar panel 2160 can be rotatably mounted to their corresponding support pod or receiver. As shown, the embodiment of Figure 25 Integrating the curved posts 260 and pivot mounts 262 so that each solar panel 216 can be installed at a desired angle with respect to the sun Pivot mounts 262 can take various forms, for example. The pivot mount 262 may comprise a continuous member, such as a steel rod, or a rectangular tubular member extending vertically across a corresponding receiver or pod, which is secured to the solar panel 216 thereon. The rod is rotatably mounted within the receiver or pod so that the solar panel 216 can be held or rotated at a desired inclination with respect to the optimal solar acquisition direction. Alternatively, this configuration of mounting the solar panel on a rectangular tube provides additional strength and strength to the pod structure, thus exerting in-plane and extensibility forces on the solar panel from wind loads that move the pods in the wind. decrease the force).

FIG. 26 illustrates a receiver or pod 214 capable of integrating a group of linear or straight posts. As shown, a plurality of first pillars 270, a plurality of second pillars oriented at right angles, are provided to support the solar panel 216 mounted to the pod. The receiver or pod shown in FIG. 26 supports a group of ten solar panels 216 arranged in a 2 × 5 matrix. The width of the pod may be defined as the distance between the outermost or outer first pillars 270, and the height of the pod may be defined as the distance between the outermost or outer second pillars 272. Extending the length of the first post 270, the height of the pod can be increased without the cables 206 and 208 fixed to both ends of the pod, with the cables 206 and 208 fixed to both ends of the pod. If desired, the cables 206 and 208 need to be extended farther and thus widen the overall size of the array. With this extended pod length, the cables 206 remain attached in their normal space so that the extended ends of the posts 270 simply extend beyond the cables in a cantilever arrangement. In this alternative pod configuration, the additional attachment of a solar panel array can improve the array's power production capacity without adjusting other design parameters. The space that pods occupy when they are mounted on the cable depends on the weight of the pods and panels, wind conditions, snow conditions, and many other factors. In one aspect of the invention, the space occupied by the pod with gaps between the pods that do not exceed the width of the pod may be acceptable for some installations.

In the example pod shown in FIG. 26, cable receivers 58 and 60 (as shown in FIG. 7) may be integrated thereon such that the pods may be attached to cables 206 and 208. As mentioned above, the cable receiver may simply be an opening formed at the end of the pod, which may be another mechanism such as a mechanism that can selectively lock the pod to the cable and thus remove the pod for maintenance or replacement. It may take the form. Thus, it is of course possible to remove pods from the cable as needed to create other different combinations of pod arrays or to replace / repair defective solar panels.

FIG. 27 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solar cell 300 includes linear extension groups 302, 304, 306 consisting of three rows, or panel receivers / pods. The outer rows 302 and 306 are of the same configuration and are supported at their ends by corresponding columns 36. Therefore, column 3160 is located at the edge of the rectangular solar array. In this embodiment, column 316 is V-shaped with the end accommodated in a common anchor / footer, and the top end is And diverged from one another to form a curve as shown .. In this embodiment, the cable used to support the pod 322 is similar to that described in the embodiment of FIG. 14; however, in the embodiment of FIG. ) Is oriented to extend more parallel to the ground, as described in detail below with reference to Figures 32 and 33. Row 304 is suspended between rows 302 and 306, There is no end supporting the directly supporting column; rather, the row 304 is supported only by the upper main cable 308 supporting on its opposite side, which is also the side of each of the adjacent rows 302 and 304. To As shown in Fig. 28, the auxiliary lower main cable 3100 is installed below the upper cable 308 and has an opposite curved surface as compared to the cable 308. Vertically oriented interconnect cable 312 Connects the upper cable 308 and the lower cable 310. The upper cable 308, the lower cable 310, and the cable 312 interconnecting the upper and lower cables may be collectively called a truss. In the example of Fig. 28, the truss member is in the elongated state, respectively, and therefore the truss can be further defined as an elongated truss and an elongated truss. Is provided between the upper branch ends of the column members 316. A plurality of anchor cables 318 interconnect the column 316 and anchor point 320 as shown in FIG.

Also shown in FIG. 27, the pods 322 of row 302 and the pods 322 of row 306 have convex curvatures when viewing the array from above, while the rows 304 have concave curvatures when viewed from above. Has This complex curvature configuration of the rows 302, 304, 306 provides a wavelike appearance and provides better options for directing this array to the best capture of direct sunlight, as well as wind and snow. It can provide some advantages, such as limiting loading conditions.

Referring to FIG. 29, rows 302, 304, and 306 extend in a straight line or linearly and are parallel to each other. Although the embodiment of FIG. 27 provides an array of pods in a 3 × 11 configuration, the length of the array may be changed to best meet specific installation needs, such that the rows of pods may have fewer or more pods as needed. Can be integrated. If the length of the pod is increased, an interior column may be provided between spans as described below with reference to the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 36-41.

The bottom view of FIG. 30 further illustrates the specific arrangement of the cable, including the method of securing the lower complementary cable 310 to each column member 316 and extending arc or curve along the length of each row. . 31 further illustrates the concave and convex compound curvatures of the array as viewed from the side view of the array.

Referring to FIG. 32, this enlarged partial perspective view illustrates how the solar panel 334 can be mounted to a panel receiver / pod. Solar panel 334 is mounted to a collection of curved struts 330 and straight / linear struts 330 oriented in an orthogonal direction. Specifically, each pod 322 is shown having a group of three curved struts 330 and three straight struts 332, but depending on the mounting state, two curved struts 330 and two straight struts The use of the struts 332 may also provide sufficient structural support. The spacing of these 2 × 2 strut arrangements can be designed to provide maximum support for the solar panels mounted thereon. For example, it may be desirable to adjust the spacing of the 2x2 arrangement so that the solar panel extends to some extent past the outer edge of the strut. For rows 302 and 306, the curved struts are positioned in an orientation such that the ends bend down and the middle portion or middle region of the curved struts extend above the ends. For row 304, the curved posts are reversed, the ends bend upward, and the middle region of the posts is disposed below the ends. The curvature of the posts 330 of the rows 302 and 306 provides an overhead convex appearance, while the curvature of the posts 330 of the rows 304 provides an overhead concave appearance.

Referring to FIG. 32A, an enlarged plan view of a portion of FIG. 32 is shown. This figure shows the intersection of four panel receivers / pods, with a longitudinal gap 309 separating the pods between rows and a transverse gap 313 with the transverse direction of the three pods across the width of the array. The groups are being separated. The upper cable 308 bisects the longitudinal gap 309 between the struts 332 facing each other. An interconnect member 311 spans the gap 309 and interconnects opposite ends of the strut 332. Interconnect member 311 may be a small portion of the cable, for example, or may be a more rigid member such as a rod or plate. Where rigid members, such as rods or plates, are used, moment connections may be incorporated where the interconnect member 311 is attached to each end of the strut 332. In addition, to increase array integrity or stability, additional members 311 may be positioned to span the gap 313, thereby interconnecting the curved struts 330 facing each other.

Referring to FIG. 33, different arrangements of struts are illustrated where curved struts 330 are continuous over the entire width or transverse portion of the array. In this embodiment, the array is more robust because there is no gap or separation 309 between the rows 304 and the outer rows 302, 306. The array still maintains the same waveform shape, but with greater stiffness in the transverse or lateral direction. Therefore, this strut arrangement can increase the resistance of the structure to horizontal loads from wind or seismic situations, especially when the cable 308 is sized to handle this expected load.

Referring to FIG. 34, another embodiment of a solar array 300 is illustrated where the middle or inner row 304 has a convex configuration as opposed to the concave configuration illustrated in FIG. 27. Thus, curved shore 330 for row 304 is directed in the same manner as the curved shore used in row 302 so that opposite ends of the shore bend down. This particular arrangement of pods can provide the advantage of managing wind or snow loading conditions, maximizing direct sunlight exposure as well as providing a different aesthetic appearance. In addition, a more complete drainage is achieved by providing a convex top surface, whereby this pod arrangement is particularly suitable for climates that may show high rainfall.

Referring to FIG. 35, similar to the configuration of array 304 of FIG. 27, another configuration of array 300 is provided where each array 302, 304, 306 has a concave configuration. Therefore, the posts 330 are each oriented so that the opposite ends bend upward. This embodiment will also provide some advantages for loading, maximum solar capture, and different aesthetic appearance.

Referring to FIG. 36, another embodiment of the present invention is shown with a larger solar array system 340 that includes three main spans 342, 344, 346. The span is defined as extending transversely relative to the row of pods. This embodiment includes a plurality of sets of the three-row structure of FIG. 27 as well as interconnect rows 304 therebetween. Thus, FIG. 36 shows the rows 302, 304, 306 of the pods connected in series with each other. 36 also illustrates the gap 347 between spans 342, 344, 346 to facilitate mounting of the intermediate column 316. The embodiment of FIG. 36 is ideal for their installation when required to maximize the coverage of the solar panel in a defined space, for example to maximize electricity generation and / or to provide shaded areas under the solar panel.

FIG. 37 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention showing an array 350 comprising three transversely directed spans 352, 354, 356. This embodiment also incorporates a set of Pod's three row configurations 302, 304, 306 arranged in series with each other and including interconnect rows 304 between each three-row grouping. Column 316 is shown as a v-shaped member and has no curvature compared to column 316 of FIG. 36. A gap 357 is provided to allow mounting of the intermediate column 316. FIG. 37 also removes gap 309 as shown in FIG. 32A by pods integrating continuous struts in the lateral or transverse directions, but maintains gap 313.

FIG. 38 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention illustrating an array 360 similar to the array 350 of FIG. 37, but the array of FIG. 38 may be formed by removing a selected pod from a selected row / span or a plurality of gaps. Open space 368 is integrated. The gap 367 allows mounting of the intermediate column 316. Three spans 362, 364, 366 are shown in this embodiment. Removing pods in this manner may be useful to accomplish one of a number of purposes, such as providing additional sunlight under the array or modifying wind / snow loading conditions to provide the required visual impression. will be. The increased amount of sunlight under the array will facilitate better plant growth that may be desirable in some installations where the landscape under the array includes vegetation of selected plants.

Referring to FIG. 39, three spaced arrays 370 are shown where each array 370 has three primary spans 372, 374, 376 and rows 302, 304, 306 in a three row configuration. Another preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated. In the embodiment of FIG. 39, instead of providing the interconnect rows 304 of the pods, there is a complete separation of the array 370. Gap 377 provides spaced mounting for intermediate column 316. This embodiment can be used for installation where it is necessary to provide a gap between the arrays due to the presence of interfering structures or natural obstacles such as trees, street lights, and the like. Safety conditions can be achieved by the gap so that emergency vehicles with large heights can more easily access the area between and below the array. Alternatively, installation may be desirable to have a much higher amount of sunlight between groups of pods achieved by a spaced array.

40 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention shown as an array 380 comprising three main spans 382, 384, 386. This embodiment also includes rows 302, 304, 306 in a three row configuration and interconnect rows 304 between each of the three row groups. Gap 387 provides a mounting spacing for intermediate column 388. In this embodiment, column 388 is a pair of spaced apart vertical members, with interconnecting cross supports 389 in the horizontal direction.

FIG. 41 shows an array 390 comprising a repeating arrangement of three major spans 392, 394, 396 as well as rows 302, 304, 306 in a three row configuration and interconnect rows 304 between each of the three row groupings. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. A cross support cable or bar 399 is provided between the upper ends of the columns. In this embodiment, the outermost or final group of columns 400 extend at an angle from the ground while the inner columns 398 extend substantially perpendicular to the ground. The gap 397 provides a mounting spacing for the inner column 398.

The embodiments of FIGS. 27-41 are particularly suitable as ground mount solar arrays, meaning that the height of the column extends a shorter distance above the ground, such as 8 to 15 feet. The main purpose of ground mount solar arrays is to generate electricity. These ground mounts may be located in areas that may not be suitable for other deployments, or may be used to fill spaces that cannot be used to generate power within commercial or industrial areas. Due to the low height of the solar panels, there are less safety concerns than the overhead solar panels. Thus, in the design of ground mounts, less support material is required, resulting in significant cost savings. For example, row 304 is suspended between rows 302 and row 306, eliminating the need for additional column supports for this particular row of pods.

For the embodiments of FIGS. 27-41 as described above, the cable arrangement is similar to that described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. The cables 308 extend substantially parallel to each other and have substantially the same curvature. The cable 310 is located below the cable 308 and extends substantially parallel to each other. Cable 310 has an overall opposite curvature compared to cable 308. Cable 312 extends substantially perpendicularly between cables 308 and 310. Gap 309 between adjacent rows of pods and gap 313 between adjacent pods of one row provides airflow and necessary support through the gaps to best meet the specific application of installation and to best handle wind and snow loading conditions. It can be modified to provide.

FIG. 42 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention in a solar panel array 400 specially designed to be installed over linearly extending ground features such as roads or aqueducts. In the southwestern United States, water pipes are used to transport large quantities of water from reservoirs to municipalities. A conduit is typically a concrete line channel carrying water in the bed 404 of the conduit. The side of the conduit is defined by a bank 406 extending above the liquid level 424 of the channel. In the case of the array 400, it is designed to span the width of the conduit, where the end of the column 420 is located outside or outside the sloped bank 406. The array 400 provides an effective way to reduce the naturally occurring vaporization in the waterway by shading the waterway. Preferably, the array is also mounted in close proximity to the conduit to disrupt or block wind that flows naturally freely over the conduit, so that the solar panel also acts as a wind break to further prevent vaporization. Because many parts of the various water pipes are remotely located, the solar array can be easily installed over the water pipes without the problem of interfering with other artificial structures.

42 also illustrates an optional substation 450 that is located proximate to the array 400 and where power is downloaded from the array 400 via the power transmission line 452. In particular, at a remote point, one or more substations 450 may be required to most efficiently store the energy generated by the array 400 or to transfer power to other substations.

43 and 44, the array 400 includes a plurality of upper main support cables 408 secured to the upper ends of each end column 420. Complementary lower main support cable 410 spans between the lower ends of each end column 420. The plurality of anchor cables 414 provide additional support for the end column 420. In Figures 42 and 43 the anchor is omitted for clarity of illustration. As in the previous embodiment, the plurality of interconnect cables 412 connects the respective upper and lower support cables 408, 410. The upper cable, lower cable and interconnect cable can be defined as respective cable truss. On each longitudinal end of the array 400, a catenary cable 416 spans the conduit and has a central portion connected to the longitudinal center 419 of the array. At this longitudinal center 419, the upper cable 408, the lower cable 410 and the suspension cable 416 intersect. A plurality of interconnecting suspension cables 418 extend in the longitudinal direction and interconnect the suspension cables 416 to the upper support cable 408. Array 400 includes a plurality of pods / receivers 430 each including a plurality of solar panels. The pods 430 are selectively spaced apart from one another to form a gap 422. Column 420 is located outside of bank 406 such that array 408 effectively covers the entire width of the conduit.

To provide maintenance for the array, walkways 431 are included in various parts of the array, allowing a person to walk points on the array to replace damaged solar panels or other parts of the system. The walkway replaces one row of solar panels at each adjacent Ford. The walkway may be constructed of a lightweight decking material and may also include a handrail (not shown). In this figure, only one walkway is shown extending across the conduit, but additional walkways may be provided to allow direct access to other areas of the array in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

45 is a longitudinal front view cut along the 45-45 line, further illustrating the details of the structure. 45 also illustrates how the suspension cable 416 and interconnect cable 418 extend from the opposite longitudinal end of the array. Suspension cable 416 is anchored at each anchor point 417, which anchor point is preferably positioned in a longitudinal alignment with column 420.

46 shows an array 400 with pods removed to more clearly show the layout of the cable to include the upper cable 408, lower cable 410, suspension cable 416, anchor cable 414, and various interconnect cables. ) Is illustrated.

Referring to FIG. 47, another feature of this embodiment is to provide a membrane or cover that is suspended on the lower cable 410, which provides additional protection for the channel to prevent vaporization. As shown in FIG. 47, the membrane 440 extends along the entire length and width of the array to provide a cover for the water pipe. Because of the curvilinear arrangement of the lower cable 410, the lateral edge 441 of the membrane 440 extends close enough to contact the ground near the column 420. Therefore, the membrane contributes to effectively prevent the vaporization by isolating the water pipe effectively from the air flow in the lateral direction.

In order to cover the conduit, the array 400 will extend several miles, and the repetitive nature of the panel receiver row facilitates the extended length. Because of the large amount of open space available for installing the array above a number of remote water pipes, the array 400 generates a very large amount of power and provides an effective way to prevent vaporization losses for the water carried to the water pipes. .

Referring to FIG. 48, another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the form of an array 460 comprising three spans 462, 464, 466. Like reference numerals used in this embodiment correspond to the same components disclosed in the previous embodiment. These three spans are supported at the middle of the array by two pairs of inner column groups 458. This embodiment also includes a suspension cable arrangement 416 on the longitudinal sides of both sides of the array to provide additional array support.

FIG. 49 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 48, illustrating how anchor cable 414 and suspension cable 416 surround the array to provide support on all sides of the array.

50 illustrates another pod or receiver structure of the present invention. This pod structure features two main support beams 470 spaced apart from one another, the opposite end of the main beam being fixed to the cable 408 by cable clamping means 476. A plurality of intermediate struts 472 are spaced apart from each other and are fixed to paired beams 470. The intermediate strut 472 is positioned transverse to the main beam and extends substantially parallel to the cable 408. A plurality of solar panel support struts or upper struts 474 are then secured over the intermediate struts 472. The upper strut 474 extends substantially parallel to the beam 470 and extends transverse to the middle strut 472 and the cable 408.

Referring to FIG. 51, a plurality of solar panels 430 are shown mounted on the upper pillar 474. As shown, each solar panel 430 is separated from each other by a longitudinal gap 475 extending parallel to the cable 408 and a horizontal gap 479 extending substantially parallel to the beam 470. do.

FIG. 52 illustrates the pod structure viewed at an oblique angle from the opposite side, and more specifically illustrates how it is mounted spaced apart from the intermediate strut 472 and the upper strut 474 over the beam 470.

As shown in FIG. 52, each of the beams 470 includes a gusset plate 477 extending from one end of the beam. Gusset plate 477 is used to interconnect one row of adjacent panels. Thus, when the pod / panel receivers are positioned in series with each other, the gusset plate 477 interconnects the pods. Gusset plate 477 provides additional structural rigidity for the pod when mounted to cable 408.

Referring to FIG. 53, a side view taken along line 53-53 of FIG. 51 is shown. In this side view, a lateral gap 479 is shown separating each pod 430 mounted on the upper strut 474. 53 also shows a cable clamp 476 that includes a pair of U bolts extending below the beam 470. The U bolt is secured to the opposite flange of the beam 470 and presses the cable 408 to provide a rigid connection between the beam 470 and the cable 408.

FIG. 54 is another side view cut along the line 54-54 of FIG. 51; FIG. This side view shows how the pods 430 are separated from each other by the longitudinal gap 475 and how the pods 430 are mounted to the underlying support structure.

The pod or receiver 430 shown in FIGS. 50-54 provides an important solution for preventing torsional forces or torques that may damage the solar panel. Solar panels are relatively rigid members that can be damaged when bent or twisted in an out-of-plane fashion or non-planar form. More specifically, the solar panel is substantially flat, with the flat upper or lower surface of the panel forming a plane. If the solar panel is twisted or torqued out of plane, the solar panel may be damaged. 50 shows a beam 470 connected to a cable 408 hanging from the pod 430. The cable 408 will move based on various winds and other loading conditions because the cable 408 has the ability to bend to some extent, but adjacent pairs of cables 408 will not always move or move in the same fashion. Torsion force may be transmitted to the pod 430. The beam 470 extending between the cables 408 maintains a constant or rigid planar orientation when used in combination with the intermediate strut 472. Moreover, firm support is provided for the panel, preventing out of plane forces from being transmitted to the solar panel. Therefore, any movement transmitted to the pod produces a uniform and torsional displacement of the entire pod, thus preventing damage to the panel when mounted on the pod.

55 and 56 illustrate another preferred pod configuration in accordance with the present invention. In this pod configuration, a triangular structure for the solar panel mounted on the pod 430 is achieved. FIG. 55 is a bottom view illustrating this pod structure, in which a pair of diagonal beams 490 extend from the vertex connection 492. Beam 490 terminates at each base connection 494. One cable 408 is attached to the vertex connector 492 and the adjacent cable 408 is attached to the base connector 494. Adjustable U bolts may be used for the vertex connections 492 and the base connections 494 to provide a robust connection from the cable to the beam 490. A plurality of connecting posts 496 extending in the longitudinal direction are spaced apart from each other and fixed to the diagonal beam 490. As shown, there are preferably two struts 496 supporting each pod 430. The triangular shape of the pod is achieved by the selected length of the strut 496.

56 is a perspective view illustrating how the pod 430 looks when mounted in a triangular configuration.

57 illustrates another example of an array that includes an array of solar panels in which two spans 480 and 482 are mounted to triangular pods 430. Like reference numerals in this figure correspond to the same structure numbers as described above for the embodiment shown in FIG. 42. When the pod 430 is secured to the cable 408, the triangular arrangement of the solar panel allows the pod to be mounted in an overlapping structure, in which the pod's vertex is adjacent to one base side of the adjacent pod. Mounted. Gap 484 forms a space between solar panels mounted in adjacent pods. Gap 486 is provided at opposite ends of the array and illustrates a mounting arrangement of triangular pods. At the heart of the array, there is a larger shaped gap 488 caused by the pod's triangular shape as mounted on the cable 408.

58 and 59 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention in the form of an array 501 that is particularly suitable for use in cold climates where snow and ice are present during winter. In this array 501 a plurality of rows 503 of pods are arranged in parallel and supported by respective cables and columns. In addition, the same reference numerals used in this embodiment correspond to the same components as described above for the previous embodiment. This particular embodiment shows that the pod 430 is slanted or oblique at an angle. The front or front edge of each pod includes a heating sheet or heating panel 505 that extends continuously between the pods, with one heating panel located on each side of the row 503. The heating panel 505 terminates or bisects at the central portion 507 of each row 503. Each heating panel or sheet 505 may include a heating element 507, such as an electric strip heater, that is used to melt the snow or ice that covers the heating panel 505 and is stacked thereon. Referring to FIG. 59, the angle of incidence of the sun is shown by the dotted line 513. These lines more specifically represent the angle of the sun during the winter period when the heating panel 505 is shaded during much of the daytime. If a solar panel is used instead of the heating panel 505, the solar panel will continue to accumulate snow and ice during the winter period, which will result in a relative reduction in the area of the solar panel exposed to sunlight. As discussed above, the heating panel 505 is used to melt snow and ice, thus facilitating the drainage of liquid from the pod 430 to keep the array clean from snow or ice during the sunshine period. Referring specifically to FIG. 58, the directional arrows indicate that melted ice / snow moves down and collects on the heating panel 505. The pleats or joints in the central portion 507 constitute a low point through which water flows into the drain 509 mounted on the front or opposite surface of the heating panel 505. A drain line or vertical gutter 511 is provided to collect the water from the drain 509. As shown, the vertical trough 511 is secured to the lower cable 410 and traverses outward with respect to one of the columns 420, where water is allowed to drain from the array. Each row 503 includes the same drainage structure to drain water from each of the pods 430 of the row. Additional support may be provided between cables 408 by cross supports 515 interconnecting adjacent columns 420. The angle at which the pod is located can be modified to reflect the sun's position in the winter period. Therefore, the area of the heating panel 505 can be minimized to increase the surface area available for producing power from the pod 430.

FIG. 60 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention with the addition of an airfoil feature 520 that includes a plurality of pods extending from one side or end of the array to the ground. As shown in FIG. 60, there are two airfoil features, one at each longitudinal end of the array 460. Airfoil 520 may use the same pod and panel structure as used on array 460. 60A illustrates another structure for a receiver / pod that may be used to secure solar panel 522. As shown in FIG. 60A, a frame arrangement including a plurality of vertical struts 526 and a plurality of horizontal struts 528 is used to support the solar panel 522. A strut extension 530 may be used to secure the pod to the anchor 534 set on the ground. Alternatively, instead of the strut extension 530 that is directly connected to the anchor, a rod or cable may extend in contact with one of the vertical struts 526 to secure the pod between the array 460 and the ground. .

Because a strong windy environment can damage the array 460, airfoils 520 may be used to make the array more aerodynamic in shape and to stabilize the array 460 in a strong windy environment. Add.

Although the airfoil 520 is shown in FIG. 6 as being comprised of additional solar panels, the airfoil 520 may be comprised of fabric or other material that does not act as a solar collection unit. Even with such airfoils, the advantage of providing improved aerodynamics is that there is a low air pressure in the space below the array and a high air pressure above the array to stabilize the array in a strong wind environment.

61 and 62 are side elevation views showing what pressure gradient the airflow (especially wind) produces on the array 460 with or without airfoil 250. 61 shows an array 460 without airfoils. Directional arrows indicate the airflow flowing over or through the array. In FIG. 61, the high pressure region is represented by a line of circular or curved lines, and these lines are scaled from 1 to 10. Where 1 represents the lowest pressure region and 10 represents the highest pressure region. As shown, the highest pressure region is formed on the leading edge of the array. Atmospheric pressure zones are also formed in each of the columns 458 and 420. The high pressure region on columns 458 and 420 generally provides the advantage of pressing the array in strong wind environments. That is, the high air pressure on the column is converted to downward force in the column, helping to hold the column in place in a strong wind environment. However, particularly high pressure areas located at the leading edge of the array may damage the front of the array, which may raise the front of the array from the ground and reduce the stability of the array. In addition, large airflows passing through or beneath the array can cause incidental movement or vibration to the cables and columns. Referring to FIG. 62, when an airfoil 520 is added to the array, most of the air pressure is placed at the top of the array by the airfoil 520, which directs the airflow over the top of the array, and a very low air pressure is at the bottom of the array. Existence changes the rate of atmospheric pressure increase and decrease. The high pressure region is created only by the rising airflow of the airfoil 520. However, this increases the downward force of the wind, which further stabilizes the array in strong wind environments because of the biased direction of the airfoil 520. In fact, as the wind speed increases, the downward force that supports the array to stabilize also increases. 62 also shows high pressure regions located on pillars 458 and 420 that help secure the array to the ground. The rate of increase or decrease of the airfoil at the airfoil at the trailing edge of the array also increases, but this is less than the rate of increase or decrease of pressure on the facing side of the array.

The angle 532 between the airfoil 520 and the surface on which the system is mounted can be adjusted to provide the desired barometric pressure on the system, thereby avoiding system damage in strong wind environments. This angle can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the span of the airfoil 520 between the column 420 and the mounting surface.

For winds that are in contact with the array laterally or in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction, as shown in the elevation of FIG. 62, the wind has very little impact on the array. This is because the profile of the array has been reduced to a small interference structure for airflow. The symmetrical nature of each row of pods, as well as the side-by-side arrangement of cables and columns, provides this minimal aerodynamic profile for minimal wind interference. By adding the airfoil 520, the array can better tolerate strong wind environments, and stability increases substantially as the wind speed increases.

FIG. 63 shows a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 14. In FIG. 63, the gap or space 222 between the pods 214 is filled with a flexible sealing bracket 535, which is shown in detail in FIG. 64. This is undesirable for water trying to pass through the gap between the pods 214, such as when the array is used as a protective parking structure, and the flexible sealing bracket 535 fills the gap 222 and faces the opposite cross section of adjacent solar panels. Connect. Bracket 535 is represented by an I-beam with a pair of flanges 541 interconnected by a web 545. The cross section of the solar panel 216 is engaged by friction between the upper and lower flanges 541 on each side of the mesh 545. Bracket 535 may be made from a flexible, elastomeric material, such as synthetic rubber. Because the bracket 535 is flexible, some movement and movement between the opposing solar panels 216 is allowed to weaken or absorb the movement of the cable, which may cause the panel to twist.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention may include any pod / receiver configuration to best suit a particular installation requirement. In some installations it may be desirable to install a curved strut rather than a straight strut, or vice versa. The particular pod / receiver configuration can be selected based on its structural strength and the ability to mount a selected number of solar panels. The number of struts / beams used in any pod / receiver configuration can be chosen to meet the stiffness and strength requirements of a particular installation while minimizing the material required.

In addition, the number of solar panels mounted in each pod is appropriately configured for a particular installation. Thus, the pod may include more or fewer solar panels as compared to that shown in the preferred embodiment.

Flexible electrical cables 82a and 82b may be added to each embodiment of the present invention, such that each solar panel array is connected to a substation to collect the generated power. As also mentioned, the solar panel array can be electrically connected to a source of stored power, such as a battery or fuel cell. In order to most efficiently transfer power from the solar panel to a power storage location or substation, electrical cables may be arranged differently.

In addition, since the present invention is a unique way in which solar panels are supported by the modular nature of the pods, the combination of shape and size of the array that can be configured for installation is virtually unlimited. Cables and columns may be arranged to provide the support needed for arrays of very different sizes and shapes, as well as to provide the support needed for arrays mounted on the ground or mounted high.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced in various forms other than specific embodiments described and contemplated herein. Therefore, any deviation from the shape and details of the embodiments does not depart from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

FIG. 65 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention provided with the ability to selectively tension one or more cables supporting a solar panel. In this embodiment, a solar panel array 500 including a plurality of solar panels 504 is mounted in the pod / receiver 502, respectively. Vertical columns 560 are disposed at both ends of the span so that the upper main cable 508 and the lower main cable 510 extend between the columns 560. Continuous interconnect cable 514 crosses between the upper and lower cables. Anchor line / cable 512 is connected to the upper end of column 560 and extends to the ground adjacent the column.

Interconnect cable 514 may be selectively tensioned to provide adequate stiffness and to support protrusion pod 502. FIG. 65A is enlarged in FIG. 66 and shown in detail, which shows a tensioning device / mechanism 516 that selectively tensions the cable 514. Each intersection point between the cable 514 and the upper cable 508 and the lower cable 510 may each include a tensioning device 516. Where each crossover point includes a tensioning device 516, it is convenient to tension the cable 514 over the length of the cable simply by fixing and manipulating the untied end of the cable.

66, tensioning device 516 is shown as connected to one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The lower cable 510 acts like a mounting support, optionally tensioning the cable 514. Tensile diabis 516 is characterized by a plate-shaped base 518 and a plurality of cable clamps 521 that secure the base 518 to the lower cable 510. Alternatively, another base plate 518 (not shown in FIG. 66) can be used so that other components of the tensioning device 516 can be positioned between the base plates, and the base plate is a cable clamp 521. Instead, it can be secured to cable 510 using threaded blots.

A shaft 523 is rotatably fixed to the upper end of the base 518, which mounts a roller 524 that receives the cable. In 67, additional details of the tensioning device are shown. After the cable 514 is placed in a tension of desirable strength, the locking member 526 engages and secures the cable 514 against the roller 524. Locking members 526 are provided in pairs using interconnecting adjusting rods 528, which interconnecting adjusting rods are provided by a desired distance for optimum engagement with cable 514. Leave a space between them. Locking pin / bolt 519 locks locking member 526 disposed relative to cable 514. Locking pin 519 may be sent through a threaded opening (not shown) of base 518 or attached to base 518 such that an end of the locking pin may secure locking member 526. . As shown in FIG. 67, a channel 530 is formed in the roller 524 to receive the cable 514. 67 also shows an adjacent pair of base plates 518, which include complementary holes formed there through to receive the lower cable 510. FIG. The base plates 518 are secured to each other to support the cable 510 by cable clamps / bolts 521.

The tensioning device shown in FIGS. 66 and 67 is used to selectively tension any cable in the system of the present invention. This cable tensioning capability allows the other tensioning device to include a roller that only moves the cable through the device so that the cable can be locked in the other tensioning device and only the selected tensioning device locks to lock the cable that must be taut. It can be modified to have a feature.

68-71 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. Two spans of pod 502 are caught between the outer rows of column 560 and one inner row of column 560. A catenary cable 542 is also shown with a corresponding catenary interconnect cable 544. In this embodiment, the solar panel array 500 is provided in the form of a vertical axis windmill 540 that is optionally mounted in column 560 as a supplementary means provided for generating power. The vertical axis windmill of the present invention includes a power generating windmill that rotates about an axis extending vertically. The types of vertical axis windmills shown in FIG. 68 have a number of advantages in terms of space saving, power generation efficiency, and material minimization. One example of a vertical axis windmill includes a Ropatec ^™ windmill. As shown, the same column 560 supporting the pod 502 may also be used as the central support. This central support is stationary in the windmill and rotates the blades or fins of the windmill. As shown in FIGS. 69 and 71, the vertical axis windmill 540 includes blades or vanes configured in a circular cage 561 with respect to the column 560. The cage 561 is rotated relative to the column 560 under the force of the wind that strikes the edge of the cage. Thus, the vertical axis windmill 540 includes a column 560 extending in the longitudinal plane, providing a central central portion around the cage 561. 69 shows an airfoil 534 used to modify airflow on the array. As described with reference to FIG. 62, the various air pressure increase and decrease rates are determined with or without airfoils. In addition, whether airfoils are used or not, air tends to move above and around the array to have a high air pressure at the location of column 560. Thus, mounting a vertical windmill about the position of the column increases the speed of the airflow, which increases the wind energy used to operate the windmill. The inherent characteristics of the present invention in terms of creating an optimal atmospheric pressure gradient rate environment around the vertical windmill can greatly improve the overall power productivity of the system. FIG. 70 is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 68, showing the position of the vertical axis windmill. 71 illustrates how vertical axis windmill 540 is formed as part of column 560. The vertical axis windmills here extend beyond the level of the solar panel so that the preferred arrangement of the solar panel and the space of the solar panel are not obstructed.

FIG. 72 illustrates, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a compression truss structure used to support a convexly arranged pod 502 overlying it. More specifically, FIG. 72 illustrates an upper main support member 552 and a plurality of pods / receivers 502 mounted to the upper support member 552. The upper support member 552 can be a rigid member, such as a tube, or a cable that can function as a roof or roof structure for a lower structure (not shown) positioned below the solar panel array. In addition, a lower main support cable 554 may be provided with a plurality of connecting compression members 554 for interconnecting the upper support member / cable 552 and the lower support cable 554. The connection compression member 556 may be a general pipe, structural tube, or other rigid structure. Since the solar panel 504 is convexly mounted on the pod 502, a compressive force is generated for the truss formed by the combination of the upper and lower cables and the connecting compression member. 72 also provides a unique structure in which the pods mounted closest to column 560 are reversed or recessed. In this reverse mount, the lower cable 554 continues in an upward arc as shown, so that the inverted or concave mounted pod 565 is mounted on the lower cable 554 extending over the upper cable / support 552. The points where the cables / supports 552 and 554 intersect are shown as inflection points or intersections 558. The cables 552 and 554 may be fixed to each other at these inflection points 558 by pivotal connections.

FIG. 73 illustrates an example in which two spans are provided with a vertical axis windmill 540 located in column 560 as a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 72. The example of FIG. 73 illustrates how an array of solar panels 540 is used to cover one or more spaces 568 or skylines formed in a roof 566 or in a structure such as a building with a roof 556. In addition, in FIG. 73, the upper main support is shown with a cable 570, where the compression truss is formed by a pair of upper and lower cables 570 and 554 and a connecting vertical compression member 556. The example of FIG. 73 is also a form in which the upper and lower cables are cross-arranged such that the pods 565 of the distal mounted end are disposed adjacent to the column. The example of FIG. 73 is well suited for implementation inside a building structure. Column 560 may be a vertical column of a building or a load bearing wall of a building. As mentioned above, the vertical windmill 540 provides supplemental power, and the combination of the windmill and the solar panel can provide power suitable for most of the operating requirements of the underlying building.

The element 566 may represent a roof with an open space, or it may represent another kind of protective cover, such as an impermeable membrane such as plastic or a permeable membrane made of cloth, so that the evacuation space can be installed under the solar panel array. have. For example, to allow a solar panel array to cover (agricultural) crops, element 566 may represent a cover having a specific density / porosity that allows for the desired transmission of sunlight that is most suitable for the particular crop selected. The cover can be used to protect the crop from hail, so that the cover can be constructed to a strength specification that can withstand the damage caused by hail if possible.

FIG. 74 is a perspective view of FIG. 73, in which a windmill 540 and a roof 566 have been removed from the figure for clarity. As shown, the inverted-mounted pod 565 defines a bump 547 at the center and both end regions of the solar panel array. This reverse mounting of the pod 565 is useful to prevent accidental shading of the pods mounted at the end by the convex shape of the pod 502 located inward of the outer pods.

Referring to FIG. 75, another embodiment of a compression truss and a manner in which the pod 502 is mounted on both of the compression trusses is described. In the example of FIG. 75, all of the pods 502 are mounted to the lower main cable 554. This embodiment may be applied over a building structure where the building has a roof formed of members 582 and column 560 may be a vertical column support of the building structure and / or a load supporting wall of the building. The roof / member 582 may extend outward from the building and extend beyond the outermost or outer vertical support 560. Roof extensions or overhangs 584 may be used to obtain the necessary lateral anchoring for the solar panel array to secure the cables 586 or extension rods. Thus, the overhang 584 eliminates the need to fix the columns with anchor lines that extend to the ground. In addition, in the example of FIG. 75, the vertical connecting member 557 lying under the outermost pod 502 is in a compressed state, while the member 556 is in a tensioned state. Thus, in this embodiment, the member 556 may be a cable instead of the rigid member, and the member 557 may be a rigid member.

Referring to FIG. 76, another embodiment is provided wherein a compression truss is used to support the solar panel array. In this embodiment the upper member 552 may be the roof of the structure or may be an upper chord forming the upper main support of the compression truss, and the pod 502 is mounted on the roof. In particular, the pod 502 may be mounted on a horizontally extending rigid support member 590, which may be seated at the top or upper ridge 592 of the upper member 552. .

Referring to FIG. 77, another embodiment is provided wherein the pod 502 is mounted above the upper support 552, where the upper support may be the roof of the structure or a separate support. In this embodiment, the pod 502 can create a wedge shaped structure as shown along the roof contour.

Another example of a compression truss is provided with reference to FIG. 78, where a pod 502 is mounted on the upper main cable 570, and a truss with a solar panel array is placed over the roof 566 of the structure.

FIG. 79 illustrates a double span of the embodiment of FIG. 78, where the upper main cable 570 directly receives each pod / receiver 502. 80 is a front view of FIG. 79.

In another embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 81, the solar panels are arranged to have a complex curved or irregular shape. In some cases, it is necessary to make the solar panel cover a structure or an object having an irregular shape, or to allow the solar panel array to avoid an under structure having an irregular shape. Instead of simply removing the solar panel at a particular point, the present invention allows the solar panel to extend continuously while forming a solar panel array in a complex form. As shown in FIG. 81, each of the panels 504 disposed adjacent within the pod 502 may extend at various angles to provide a composite pod. Also, as shown, the various groups of panels 504 extend at different angles based on the direction of extension of the cables 570 that are not parallel to each other.

This rotated or irregular arrangement of the pods 502 can be realized by an angle adjustable connection between the cable and the pod member, which will be dealt with in connection with FIGS. 83 and 84.

FIG. 82 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 81, where panel 504 is removed to expose components of pod 502. The structure of the pod in FIG. 82 is similar to that shown in the embodiment according to FIG. 50, and the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 82 have been used to represent the same parts shown in FIG. 50. The difference between FIG. 50 and FIG. 82 is that the support 474 in FIG. 82 is not shown to extend continuously between the cables 570, but rather separated and mounted separately to the support 472. Is that it is. Individual mounting of the support 472 allows the adjacent groups of panels 504 to be separated from each other according to the desired irregular shape.

83 is a partially enlarged front view showing the details of the connection between the beam 470 and the cable 570 utilizing the angle adjustable connection in the form of a ball and socket combination. Specifically, this figure shows the clamping block 687 used to support the connection. Bolt 688 secures block 687 to cable 570. The socket 689 is integrally formed with the block 687 and receives the ball extension 684 extending from the beam 470. Rotational control pins 686 are used to limit or limit the rotational capabilities of the beam 470 relative to the cable 570. Thus, as shown, even if the beam 470 is fixed to the cable 570, it is possible to provide a pod having a complex shape to direct the desired angular direction. It is also conceivable that the pin 686 is removed to allow the beam 470 to rotate freely within the geometric limits of the ball-joint connection.

FIG. 84 is another partially enlarged front view illustrating the details of the connection between the beam 470 and the cable 570, where another type of angle-adjustable connection for directing the beam in the desired direction with respect to the cable; In other words, it can be realized through a connection part having a shim 690 inserted between the block 687 and the beam 470. The wedge 690 is simply bolted between the exposed face of the block 687 facing the beam and the opposite face of the beam flange. The wedge 690 may be a plurality of wedge elements nested together to provide the desired direction of the beam relative to the cable, or may be a single piece.

FIG. 85 is a front view cut along line 85-85 in FIG. 82 showing intermediate struts 472 arranged in respective independent angular directions relative to the cable. In the example of FIG. 85, the struts 472 gradually rotate about an axis 691 due to the direction in which the struts 472 face.

FIG. 86 is a front view taken along line 86-86 of FIG. 82, showing how the panel 504 is mounted in the pod. The beam 470 is connected to a cable 570 that extends non-planar with each other to form a group of irregularly shaped panels 504 on the pod.

87 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention, in which a compression strut is used to mount the pods 502 in a convex configuration on two spans. Referring also to the front view of FIG. 88, the convex arrangement of the spans defines valleys or trough regions 594 extending between the spans and the spans. Thus, the present embodiment is characterized in that the upper cable 570 and the lower cable 554 do not intersect each other between columns, and thus there is no inflection point or inversion mount of the pod as in the pod 565 shown in FIG. 72. There is a difference from the embodiment shown in Figs. 72-74.

FIG. 89 is another perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 87, showing the array with the panels removed and the pods exposed.

90 is an enlarged perspective view of the pod detailing the structure of the pod including various supports and struts. Specifically, FIG. 90 includes a pair of main beams 470 extending between cables 570 and four strut assemblies that direct the panels at a desired angle relative to a plane extending between the cables along the beams. Ford configuration is shown. Each strut assembly includes a standing portion 623 extending over the beam, a cross strut 622 extending at right angles to the beam 470 and a panel support strut 624 for mounting the solar panel directly. do. The connection angle between the upper end of the standing portion 623 and the cross strut 622 is a bolt connection method for fixing a replaceable wedge as shown in FIG. 83 between the upper end of the standing portion and the opposing face of the strut. Can be selectively adjusted.

FIG. 91 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention with respect to a solar panel array 610 that provides a pod 502 with dual axis tracking capability. More specifically, the pod 502 can be rotated around two distinct axes so that the panel can track the position of the sun as the earth rotates as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 95. One of the axes of rotation follows the vertical support 618 and the other axis of rotation lies along the horizontal plane so that the pod can be tilted in the desired angular direction.

The embodiment of FIG. 91 is particularly suitable for large open spaces where the solar panels are arranged in very large arrays for maximum power production and where double use of land is possible due to minimal disruption of the ground below the array. The spacing of the pods is generally large compared to the embodiments described above, which result in less shading by the array. The large amount of light passing between the pods allows several crops to be cultivated directly under the array. The overall support structure for the pod 502 requires only a minimum of material, thus minimizing soil disconnection under the array. Since the only columns 560 needed are those that extend along the periphery of the array, the land between the columns disposed on the periphery of the array is not disconnected.

92-94, an outer column 560 and anchor lines 512 support the periphery of the array 610, while a series of suspended truss support the pods inside the array. It is shown. The rigid horizontal support member 612 connects the upper end of the outer column 560 to each other and also binds the array together into a single structure across the array horizontally and vertically. A series of trusses extend inside the array so that there is no need to provide intermediate columns inside the array. The trusses are each formed by a horizontal support 612, an upper main cable 614, a lower main cable 616, and a plurality of interconnecting and diagonally extending cables 620. The vertical support 618 has a pod 502, and as shown, the vertical support 618 is suspended above the height of the ground with the lower end secured to the lower main cable 616. . The upper main cable 614 provides upper stability to the vertical support and the horizontal support 612 further stabilizes the vertical support 618.

FIG. 95 is an enlarged partial perspective view with the solar panel removed to show details of the pod structure enabling the dual tracking function. The pod structures in this embodiment include horizontal and diagonally facing struts 622 and 624, respectively. This strut arrangement is similar to that shown for example in the pod shown in FIG. 26. Rotation of the pod about the vertical axis defined by the vertical support 618 is made by a tracking mechanism formed by a rotatable cap 630 driven by a motor 632 mounted on a neighboring strut 622. Motor 632 has a drive shaft (not shown), which drive shaft connects with a series of external gears 639, which are disposed about the top of the rotating cap member 630 about this vertical axis. Provides incremental rotation of the pod. To rotate the pod about the horizontal axis A-A, a tilt mechanism 634 is provided having a tilt support 636, a hydraulic lift 640, and a pinned connection 638. The hydraulic lift 640 can elevate the movable upper support 636 and thereby allow the pod to be positioned in the direction of the desired angle. The hydraulic lift 640 may be powered by another motor (not shown) to have independent rotational performance on two different axes.

According to another aspect of the invention, instead of providing dual axis tracking capability, a single axis tracking capability is provided as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 96 where a pod rotatable about axis AA is shown. You can also consider making it possible. In FIG. 96, the pod is mounted on a horizontal support 650, the horizontal support extending throughout the array or at a selected location, or across the span of the array intended to have a single axis tracking capability. It may extend in the selected position. Thus, instead of mounting the pod 502 to the vertical member 618, the pod structure can be simplified by removing the vertical member 618 and providing a single horizontal support 650. Instead of removing the vertical support 618, the vertical support 618 may be used to support the support 650 extending horizontally at an intermediate point along the entire length. The motor 654 is used to rotate the horizontally extending support 650, in which a series of externally mounted gears 652 within the horizontally extending support drive the drive shaft of the motor for incremental rotation control (not shown). ).

Some cable trusses may be difficult to install because they are easy to twist or rotate until they are connected to transversely extending pod beams. Trusses that are difficult to build are mainly those having upper and lower main cables and struts used to interconnect these upper and lower main cables. To facilitate construction, the present invention provides a temporary truss assembly that, when assembled, provides the stiffness needed to support the truss in a fixed state.

Accordingly, this aspect of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 97-100.

First, referring to FIG. 97, an elevation is provided showing the construction steps in the fabrication of an array comprising compression trusses. The pressure trusses each include an upper cable 570, a lower cable 554, and an interconnecting compression member 556. The pressure truss may first be assembled on the ground and then erected in the vertical direction as shown. If a plurality of compression trusses are assembled, they may be spaced apart from each other to accommodate the pods respectively. When the compression trusses are placed vertically, a plurality of weights 602 can be suspended from the truss by a hanger 600. The weight 602 helps to stabilize the truss in the desired vertical direction once at least a portion of the main pod beam is connected transversely between the trusses. The weight 602 also allows the compression trusses to be subjected to compressive stresses so that the trusses extend in the desired direction to easily receive the pod without large additional shifts or adjustments of the truss or pods. Once the pod is mounted between the parallel spaced trusses, the weight 602 can optionally be removed. Thus, the weight 602 can be used to reduce undesirable work such as the truss's shaft or misalignment, otherwise making the pod more difficult to mount.

98 shows another example of a truss and another example of how the weight 602 hangs to stabilize the truss during construction. In FIG. 98, the weight 602 hangs along the ceiling so that both the upper and lower main cables are compressively stressed to align the truss correctly for final position alignment with respect to the pod.

Referring to FIG. 99, trusses can be constructed including the use of a plurality of imposition supports to place each truss member in a desired position. One or more temporary supports may remain to complete the truss assembly, where the temporary supports are compression members. The temporary support includes interconnecting tubes or posts 700 that perform the same function as interconnecting compression members 556. Thus, the tube / post 700 may also remain in the final stage of the truss structure as a compression member 556, or the tube 700 may be replaced with interconnecting cables. The tube 700 is secured to the upper and lower cables 570, 554 by pin connections as detailed in FIG. 99A. As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 99A, each end of the tube 700 is secured in a primary connecting bracket 702. Pin 704 connects main connection bracket 702 to cable clamping mechanism 706. The cable clamping mechanism 706 consists of two parts as shown and is secured to the neighboring cable 570 by bolts 708. The tube 700 may be able to rotate about the pin 704, or a rigid element may be used instead of the pin 704 to prevent the tube 700 from rotating relative to the upper and lower cables if a more rigid truss structure is desired. Can also be used. A plurality of tubes 700 may be disposed along the truss to provide the temporary stiffness required for the trusses, and may be connected to each other by the tube 700 adjustable rod 710. The end of the rod 710 is connected to the tube 700 by a secondary bracket 712, which also includes a fin structure so that the end of the rod 710 can rotate relative to the pin 714. You can also The length of the rod 710 can be adjusted by the turnbuckle threaded arrangement of the rod, where the thread member 711 is received in a thread opening formed at each end of the rod 710.

100 is an elevational view of another feature of the temporary or permanent support structure of the truss from which the main bracket extends on both sides of the support cable. In more detail, FIG. 100 shows a main bracket 720 with receiver ends 722 facing away from each other that can accommodate a pair of tubes 700. The main bracket 720 may consist of two parts, the halves are coupled to secure the tube 700. A series of bolts 724 connect the halves together as shown. This structure for the tube 700 may temporarily or permanently support the truss to support the overhead vertical support design, such as the vertical support 618 shown in FIGS. 92 and 93.

101-104 provide another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 101 is a perspective view showing that the overall support structure in this embodiment is as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 91-94. More specifically, in this embodiment, the support structure for the solar panel array includes a column 560 disposed horizontally around the array, a horizontally extending support member 612, an upper cable 614, a lower cable 616. , And interconnect cable 620. The difference of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 95, the pod 502 is not mounted to have dual axis tracking capability but is mounted to have single axis tracking capability. More specifically, it is shown that the vertical support 618 provides internal support for the horizontal member on which the pod 502 is mounted, such as the horizontal support 650 shown in FIG. 95. 102-104 show the linear placement of the pods 502 and the relatively greater spacing of the pods compared to the previous embodiment. Thus, this embodiment is also good for dual land use as in the description for FIGS. 91-94.

105-108 show another embodiment of the present invention that implements a single tracking of a pod. 105-107 show that the pods 502 are remounted at larger intervals compared to many previous embodiments. The enlarged perspective view of FIG. 108 provides another example of a specific pod structure that can be used to implement the single tracking feature of the present invention. The solar panel was removed to show the pod structure. The pod in this example includes a main beam 672 extending between neighboring cables 570, with stiffening supports 674 spaced apart between the main beams 672. Additional torsional resistance is provided by the crossing cable 577. A riser 678 has a lower end connected to either of the supports 774 and extending over the cable 570. Cable 680 is used to support the vertical extension of riser 678. Struts 622 and 624 are provided for direct mounting of the solar panel. Diagonal struts 676 support struts 622 and 624. Single axis tracking is accomplished by rotation of the diagonal strut 676 by a motor 679 mounted adjacent to the strut 676 as shown.

109-111 show another embodiment of the present invention in which pods 502 are arranged for single axis tracking along a horizontal axis of rotation in the form of an array supported by a compression truss. As shown in FIGS. 109 and 110, the pods are arranged such that they are mounted at the same height as the upper support / cable 570. The pod is adapted to rotate about a horizontal axis, so that the pod structure shown in FIG. 96 can be employed in this embodiment, where the pod can rotate relative to one or more horizontally extending members 650.

112 and 113 provide another embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 109-111, in which a single tracking function can be realized. The difference in the embodiments of FIGS. 112 and 113 is that the pods 502 are mounted at the same height across the entire solar panel array and the pods do not follow the shape of the compression truss. This uniform height of the pod is achieved by extending the compression member 556 beyond the upper and lower cables. This configuration is best shown in FIG. 113, where the compression member 556 extends above or at a level of the upper cable 570 to allow the pod 502 to be disposed linearly. 100 may be employed in which the length of the tube 700 extending over the cable 570 can be selectively adjusted to achieve a linear arrangement of the pods 502. This particular structure for the pods in FIGS. 112 and 113 prevents inadvertent shading by the convexly mounted placement of the pods. The structure of FIG. 100 may also be employed to provide single axis tracking in this embodiment.

114 and 115 show another embodiment of the present invention that includes a solar panel array with single axis tracking capability for pods arranged in groups / rows extending linearly and horizontally. Referring to FIG. 115, the difference in this embodiment is that the pod is mounted at a height between the upper cable 570 and the lower cable 554. Thus, the pods are at a height that substantially bisects the horizontal line extending between the upper and lower cables. This placement of pods is advantageous where strong winds are concerned. By placing the pod low near the ground, the wind load on the entire structure can be reduced. 100 can be employed to provide single axis tracking performance in this embodiment.

116 shows another embodiment with a single tracking feature that allows the selected pod to rotate to tilt in reverse, taking into account shade that may be unintentionally generated by the entire placement of convex or concavely arranged pods. As shown in FIG. 116, all pods 502 are facing right while pods 802 are facing left.

117 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention having a tubular PV element. As mentioned above, the use of a tubular PV device has several advantages. Such PV devices are ideally suitable for use with the cable support system of the present invention. The tubular PV device 804 may be supported by any pod structure shown in the present invention. The linear spacing of the PV devices can be selected so that the desired amount of sunlight passes through the array. Alternatively, a reflecting memebrane can be employed so that the reflected light can be used to supplement power generation. A film such as covering / membrane 440 shown in FIG. 47 may be used for the purpose of reflecting light onto the PV device. The film may be coated with a reflective composition, or the film may be composed of a reflective material. Although FIG. 117 shows an example of an embodiment that includes a tubular PV device 804, any embodiment of the present invention may be modified as shown in FIG. 117 to accommodate a tubular PV device instead of the solar panel 504. Understand that you can. In addition, tubular PV devices may be provided in combination with panels in selected pods and selected portions of the array.

118 illustrates a single axis tracking capability in which the pod 502 may rotate slightly in an oblique arrangement to compensate for strong winds or other harsh weather conditions where otherwise rigid connections may damage tracking hardware. A schematic front view of another embodiment of the invention. More specifically, FIG. 118 shows the top cable 570 of the truss and a pair of diagonal support members 810 mounted on the top cable 570. Support member 810 collects and supports a horizontally extending rotating member 813 that provides rotation along the horizontal axis. Rotating member 813 can be rotated by a motor (not shown), as an arrangement of motor 654 rotates horizontal member 650 shown in FIG. 96. Pod 502 is mounted to rotating member 813 at approximately midpoint along its length. 118 also provides an oblique cable 812 and a spring / biasing element 814 disposed at opposite ends of the cable 812. Opposite ends of the cable 812 are secured to opposing ends of the pod 502. The cable 812 is connected to the pod truss or by a roller 816 mounted to the cable 570. The pods 502 and the other pods mounted to the rotating member 813 are angled by single axis tracking assembly, and the gearing of the tracking assembly has a constant amount on the deflection member 814 for a small rotational capacity. To be compensated for. The biasing member 914 can deflect the required rotation of the pod so that damage to the tracking assembly can be prevented if the wind would otherwise cause excessive stress on the pod or tracking assembly. Unbiased connections and support members between the tracking assembly and the pod suffer greater damage in high wind conditions. In the present invention, the single and dual tracking capabilities of the pod carrying the solar panel may also be controlled by an automated system in which one or more controllers are programmed to provide an output signal to the tracking mechanism. . The controller (s) automatically self-orient the pod's orientation based on a computer program that most efficiently orients the pod to capture sunlight. Thus, the controller (s) can be a computing device with appropriate software / firmware that generates appropriate signals / commands for the motor that controls the rotation of the installed tracking mechanism. The automation system may provide the operator with offsite control in which the controller (s) communicate with the tracking mechanism by a wireless communication protocol. Web-based solutions may be provided in which an operator is provided with various user interface options for controlling the tracking mechanism. The user interface may also provide the user with the ability to manually adjust the pod in view of other circumstances in which it is desirable to adjust the position of the pod.

In connection with this automation system, FIG. 119 is provided to illustrate one preferred embodiment of the control system of the present invention used to control various operating parameters of a solar panel array. Specifically, FIG. 119 shows array 1 840; Array 2 842; And three separate solar panel arrays remotely represented as array 3 (844). As shown, array 1 840 has a control device 846, array 2 842 has a control device 848, and array 3 844 has two control devices 852, 854. Control devices may include motors used to operate the tracking mechanism to adjust the position of the pod. The control devices may also be a peripheral system that enhances the operation of the arrays, such as a cleaning system that generates a spray of water for cleaning the arrays. Array 2 842 and array 3 844 are also shown having monitoring devices 850 and 856 that can be used to monitor certain aspects of the operation of the arrays. For example, the monitoring device 850, 856 can be a device that includes an electrical energy monitoring device that monitors the electrical output of the arrays, and / or a camera that allows an operator to see the arrays within ambient environmental conditions.

Each control and monitoring device of the error children communicates with at least one controller 862 via a communication link 858, such as the Internet. Controller 862 is shown as a conventional computer 862 with a user interface 860 in the form of a user's screen. Controller 862 may include software / firmware that sets control parameters for adjusting the angular position of the arrays based on the change of seasons as the sun traverses other paths throughout the sky as the Earth rotates. Can be. The controller 862 generates a control signal transmitted over the communication link 858 and received by the control and monitoring device. Each of the arrays can be continuously controlled to maximize the positioning of the arrays relative to the orientation of the individual pods to receive maximum sunlight. It is also contemplated that the hand-held controller 864 can operate the arrays in the same manner as the controller 862.

One obvious advantage of the system shown in FIG. 119 is the ability to control arrays located at different locations in a remote and centralized manner. Individual control parameters can be generated by a controller for each array in a separate location, providing great flexibility for the control system to maximize electrical energy thrust.

As described above for the preferred embodiment, the solar panel array may be supported in a truss arrangement characterized by a stress truss, a compression truss, or a combined stress / compression truss. Stress trusses include an arrangement of cables in which the upper and lower cables are interconnected by flexible cable members. The compression truss may be characterized as having a rigid compression member generally extending at least between the upper cable and the lower cable. Compression trusses are also rigid and may be characterized by curved or straight upper and lower members to meet the desired shape of the truss. The truss has a shape that enables convex, concave or a combination of convex and concave mounted to the pod. The interconnect member may be oriented in the vertical or diagonal direction. The interconnect member in the truss may be a combination of a pressure member and / or a stress member.

In addition to the variable truss configuration, the present invention also provides a number of options in terms of employing a column to support the array. Columns can be placed throughout the array in both rows and columns. As described with some embodiments, it is also contemplated to provide only perimeter columns and internally support the span by truss placement, thus eliminating the need for internal columns.

The solar panel arrays may also be configured to cover areas designated as having irregular shaped objects and the solar panel arrays may be modified to include such irregular shaped objects without removing the solar panels in place. . The individual pods can therefore adopt a unique configuration that allows the group or individual panels to be mounted in an offset arrangement.

While the present embodiments mainly show a single cable as the main support element, it is also possible in the present invention to increase the overall load bearing capacity of the array using multiple cables that span the required distance.

The longitudinal structural stability of the array is provided by the combination of trusses that interconnect the columns. The column itself is stabilized by anchor lines. The horizontal force generated perpendicular to the cable trusses is stabilized by connecting the truss member of the pod between the trusses. The mechanical connection of the pod struts between the cable trusses creates a single structural member throughout the array that can better withstand the forces generated in all directions. In addition, the manner of securing the pod struts to the truss may be by rigid connections or by flexible connections.

There are many environmental benefits that can be achieved in the various solar panel arrays of the present invention. The inherent structural efficiency of cable trusses requires less construction material. The column and anchor lines are the only elements that require contact with the ground, so the foundation footprint is minimal. Therefore, the installation of the array can be handled by light machinery, minimizing disturbances to existing soil structures and vegetation. Because the solar panels are suspended, in many cases, the system can be installed without having to pick and trim the land at the installation site.

This solar panel array of the present invention also has many advantages in water protection. Solar panel arrays reduce water evaporation below the array, which is particularly advantageous when the solar panel arrays are arranged to cover the water surface of canals, aqueducts, storage ponds, lakes, and the like. As also contemplated in the described embodiment, a drainage system may be provided around the solar panel to collect rainwater / snow, and this collected water may be stored for maintenance and cleaning of the solar panel.

Because of the very flexible design parameters obtained by the present invention, the spacing of solar panels can be designed in almost innumerable patterns and thus pass through the solar panel array to facilitate the ideal growing environment of vegetation or crops covered by the solar panels. Allows designers to accurately determine the amount of light that can be In general, the partial shading effect provided by solar panel arrays provides an ideal growing environment for many crops to be cultivated. In addition, a suitable ground cover vegetation can be selected, such as a plant that requires little water, which also reduces the risk of fire compared to other vegetation that can normally cover the area.

Dual land use is also achieved by the solar panel of the present invention because the flexible design provided by the present invention promotes many types of structures that can be accommodated under a solar panel array. For example, solar panel arrays provide a number of options for integrating buildings underneath and also for using trusses and cables of supports to be integrated within the building.

The repetitive addition of cable trusses and pods allows the solar panel array to be made unlimited in shape and size, which installs the solar panel array in many other man-made structures such as park areas, roads or other transport passageways. Is the ideal solution.

Pre-assembly of the pod, as well as the truss, can be done off site. Therefore, if access to the location where the solar panel array is to be installed is difficult, pre-assembling components prior to arriving at the job site improves the ability of the system to be installed at such a difficult location. In addition, as described with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 81-86, pods may be arranged in an irregular manner to cover complex shaped obstacles or otherwise irregularly traverse based on the underlying land condition.

The variable pod embodiments of the present invention also include many types of PV panel types to include cylindrical / tubular PV elements that incorporate self-tracking features as well as include conventional flat or plate shaped PV panels. It provides an ideal environment to support them. Thus, of course, any of the embodiments of the present invention may utilize a planar solar panel configuration or the use of cylindrical PV elements.

In terms of durability, the solar panel arrays of the present invention are also ideal because they can incorporate the aerodynamic properties needed to prevent damage in high wind environments. The use of airfoils keeps the array in the shape needed to handle various wind conditions.

In addition, the present invention provides a centralized control system to control the entire array and multiple arrays located remotely. This remote control can result in increased energy output from the system to protect the system from harsh weather by rotating the panel in the desired configuration to handle wind / other environmental conditions.

The solar panel arrays of the present invention can also incorporate single and dual axis tracking capabilities to optimize solar capture. Single and dual axis tracking capabilities can be incorporated into various types of truss configurations to include concave and convex truss configurations.

While the present invention has been described in terms of a number of different embodiments, it is to be understood that other changes or modifications may be made to the invention in accordance with the claims appended hereto.

Claims (27)

In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array; And
A support system for supporting the plurality of panel receivers, the support system comprising a plurality of trusses supported between a plurality of columns, each of the plurality of panel receivers being spaced at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, The support system, wherein at least one of the interconnect members is a rigid compression member
Solar panel system comprising a. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array; And
A support system for supporting the plurality of panel receivers, the support system comprising a plurality of trusses supported between a plurality of columns, each of the plurality of panel receivers being spaced at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, The support system; And
Selectively extending said at least one interconnect member, said base cable being secured to at least one of said lower cables, a roller rotatably mounted to said base, and said at least one contacting said roller; At least one tensioning mechanism comprising a locking element that locks the interconnect member to the roller when the interconnect member is selectively elongated by selectively locking the interconnect member.
Solar panel system comprising a. The method of claim 2,
The at least one interconnect member is continuous and extends continuously between the upper cable and the lower cable through the at least one elongation mechanism. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array; And
A support system for supporting the plurality of panel receivers, the support system comprising a plurality of trusses supported between a plurality of columns, each of the plurality of panel receivers being spaced at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, The support system; And
At least one integrated with one of the plurality of columns and including a plurality of vanes disposed around an upper end of the one of the plurality of columns and the upper end of the one column At least one vertical shaft windmill, wherein the plurality of vanes are rotatable about the upper end of the one column by winds striking the vanes.
Including;
The at least one vertical axis windmill providing auxiliary power to the solar panel system. The method of claim 4, wherein
And the at least one vertical shaft windmill comprises a plurality of vertical shaft windmills integrated at each upper end of the plurality of columns. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array; And
A support system for supporting the plurality of panel receivers, the support system comprising a plurality of trusses supported between a plurality of columns, each of the plurality of panel receivers being spaced at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, The support system
Including;
And the plurality of panel receivers is mounted over the top cable in a convex mounting configuration. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array; And
A support system for supporting the plurality of panel receivers, the support system comprising a plurality of trusses supported between a plurality of columns, each of the plurality of panel receivers being spaced at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, The support system
Including;
And the plurality of panel receivers is mounted over the top cable in a recessed mounting configuration. The method of claim 1,
And a roof disposed at the bottom of the solar panel array to support the solar panel system. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the roof comprises a plurality of openings forming a skylight. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array;
A support system comprising a plurality of trusses supporting the plurality of panel receivers and spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the plurality of panel receivers is secured to the trusses at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses comprises (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable. system; And
A selected covering secured to the plurality of lower cables and extending below the array and over a portion of the array's length and width, the selected porosity allowing the selected amount of sunlight to pass through the protective covering the protective covering selected from the group consisting of an impermeable membrane and a permeable membrane having a porosity
Solar panel system comprising a. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array;
A plurality of columns located at at least an outer edge of the solar panel array;
A plurality of cables extending between each column, said plurality of cables being supported by each pair of upper cables extending non-parallel to each other;
A plurality of auxiliary lower cables extending between the plurality of columns;
A plurality of angularly adjustable connections interconnecting at least one of the plurality of panel receivers and the plurality of top cables
Including;
At least some of the plurality of solar panels extend at different angles as compared to other solar panels of the plurality of solar panels, thereby forming at least one panel receiver having a complex non-flat shape. The method of claim 11,
And the anglely adjustable connection includes a ball and socket combination, the socket member and the ball member. The method of claim 11,
And the angularly adjustable connection includes a shim installed between one of the plurality of upper cables and one of the plurality of panel receivers connected to the one of the plurality of upper cables. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers each having a plurality of solar panels mounted thereon and arranged in combination to form a solar panel array
Including;
At least one of the plurality of panel receivers comprises a strut support assembly,
The strut support assembly includes a pair of lower struts extending transversely between a pair of adjacent upper cables of the solar panel system, at least one vertical riser extending from each of the lower struts, and the lower struts. At least one cross strut, and at least one panel support strut mounted over the cross strut,
The panel support strut is oriented thereon to mount the solar panel at a desired angle. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers each mounted with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array, and selectively spaced from each other in respective columns and rows;
A plurality of columns located at at least an outer edge of the solar panel array;
A plurality of cables extending between each column to support the solar panel system;
A vertical support fixed to said plurality of cables for mounting said plurality of panel receivers;
A plurality of tracking systems integrated with one of the plurality of vertical supports for selectively rotating the plurality of panel receivers to at least one rotation axis
Including;
And the at least one axis of rotation comprises at least one of a vertical axis of rotation and a horizontal axis of rotation. 16. The method of claim 15,
The plurality of tracking systems include a dual axis tracking mechanism,
And the dual axis tracking mechanism has means for rotating a corresponding panel receiver about a vertical axis formed along a vertical member on which the panel receiver is mounted. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the plurality of tracking systems comprises a single axis tracking mechanism having means for rotating a horizontal support on which a corresponding panel receiver is mounted. An assembling method of assembling the solar panel support structure to support a plurality of solar panels mounted to the solar panel support structure.
Providing a plurality of cables comprising at least one top cable, at least one bottom cable, and at least one interconnect member interconnecting the top cable and the bottom cable, wherein the interconnect member is an elongate member. And providing a plurality of cables selected from the group consisting of compression members;
Providing a plurality of temporary supports extending between selected combinations of the plurality of upper cables and the plurality of lower cables, wherein the plurality of temporary supports are of rigid members for maintaining the plurality of cables in a desired shape;
Preassembling the plurality of cables and the at least one interconnect member into a plurality of trusses;
Fixing the plurality of trusses to a column by arranging the plurality of trusses at regular intervals from each other;
Imparting weights to the plurality of trusses to stabilize the plurality of trusses;
Securing a plurality of panel receivers equipped with a plurality of solar panels to the plurality of trusses, and
Removing the weighting
Assembly method comprising a. In a temporary support truss specially adapted to temporarily support a permanent support truss in a solar panel system equipped with a plurality of solar panels,
A plurality of cables and a plurality of interconnecting members for forming the truss into a desired shape; And
A plurality of temporary struts extending between the selected combination of the plurality of cables and the plurality of interconnecting members
Including;
And the plurality of temporary struts maintain the plurality of cables and the plurality of interconnecting members in a desired shape and configuration. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array;
A support system comprising a plurality of trusses supporting the plurality of panel receivers and spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the plurality of panel receivers is secured to the trusses at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses comprises (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable. system; And
At least one main bracket having opposing receiver ends to receive an interconnecting member interconnecting the plurality of top cables and the plurality of bottom cables
Including;
And the opposing receiver ends are installed to extend beyond both sides of the cable to which the main bracket is mounted. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array;
A support system comprising a plurality of trusses supporting the plurality of panel receivers and spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the plurality of panel receivers is secured to the trusses at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Each of the plurality of trusses includes (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable, the plurality of trusses The support system oriented in a plurality of spaced rows, each of the plurality of panel receivers mounted on a corresponding horizontal rotating member in each of the rows; And
Tracking mechanism integrated on each horizontal rotating member for selectively rotating the plurality of panel receivers about a horizontal axis extending through each of the horizontal rotating members
Solar panel system comprising a. The method of claim 21,
And the plurality of panel receivers are disposed in a convex mounting over the plurality of upper cables. The method of claim 21,
Wherein the plurality of panel receivers in each of the rows extend substantially parallel to each other, and each row of the plurality of panel receivers is mounted between pairs of vertical members secured to a convex top cable. The method of claim 21,
And the plurality of panel receivers are disposed at a position higher than the plurality of upper cables or between the upper cable and the lower cable. The method of claim 21,
And the plurality of panel receivers are disposed at a height between the top cable and the bottom cable. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each mounted with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array, wherein the plurality of solar panels extend substantially parallel to each other and are spaced from each other along a corresponding panel receiver. A plurality of panel receivers comprising a plurality of tubular PV elements extending and extending;
A plurality of columns located at at least an outer edge of the solar panel array;
A plurality of cables extending between each column, wherein the plurality of panel receivers are mounted to each pair of upper cables;
A plurality of auxiliary lower cables extending between the plurality of columns; And
A plurality of interconnecting members interconnecting each of the upper and lower cables
Solar panel system comprising a. In the solar panel system,
A plurality of panel receivers, each of which is equipped with a plurality of solar panels, arranged in combination to form a solar panel array;
A support system comprising a plurality of trusses supporting the plurality of panel receivers and spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the plurality of panel receivers is secured to the trusses at regular intervals along adjacent trusses. Wherein each of the plurality of trusses comprises (i) an upper main cable, (ii) a lower main cable, and (iii) at least one interconnect member for interconnecting the upper cable and the lower cable. system;
A tracking assembly for rotating at least one of the plurality of panel receivers; And
Biasing assembly fixed to at least one of the plurality of panel receivers for selectively biasing the rotation of the panel receiver
Including;
Wherein the biasing assembly comprises at least one biasing cable extending between both ends of the at least one panel receiver and at least one biasing element integrated with the biasing cable.

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