KR20110015722A - Dechlorination apparatus of pcbs in oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A decomposing device of dechlorination of PCBs in oil is provided to completely decompose harmless biphenyl oil. CONSTITUTION: A decomposing device of dechlorination of PCBs in oil includes a storing tank(1) for PCBs in oil, a reactor(2), a thermal medium boiler(3), an alkalinity material storage tank(4), an alkalinity material pulverizing device(5), an alcoholic solvent tank(6), a settling tank(7), a decanter(8), an inspection waiting tank(11), a vacuum pump(13), a chiller refrigerator(15), and an adsorption tower(16). The reactor mixes alcoholic solvent and alkalinity material in the PCBs in oil which is transferred in the storing tank for PCBs in oil. The reactor raises dechlorination reaction by adding temperature to mixed material in a vacuum state. The thermal medium boil supplies heat in a jacket of reactor. The decanter divides harmless biphenyl oil and harmless sludge by refining a reaction production of the settling tank. The vacuum pump forms a vacuum inside the reactor.

Description

Dechlorination apparatus of PCBs in oil

The present invention relates to a dechlorination apparatus for PCBs-containing oil, and more particularly, to a chemical treatment of PCBs that can improve the destruction and removal efficiency of PCBs for chemically treating PCBs-containing oil. will be.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a generic term for 209 separate compounds, called so-called analogues, in which one to ten chlorine atoms are attached to two phenyl rings. These chemicals have been commercialized for over 40 years from the 1930s to 1977. Global production is estimated at 1.1x10 ⁹ kg, 93% of which is produced by MONSANTO in the United States. Complex compounds of PCBs manufactured by MONSANTO were sold under the trade name AROCIOR.

These PCBs are not only chemically and thermodynamically stable, but also have high dielectric properties, which are mainly used as insulation in electrical appliances such as transformers and capacitors. However, PCBs have emerged as a prevalent environmental pollutant due to their enormous usage, indiscriminate form of disposal and their persistent environmental resistance.

These compounds are found in humans as well, including marine organisms, fish, algae and terrestrial animals. Recently, PCBs are known to act as caustic hormones that interfere with the conversion of natural hormones in living organisms, reducing the amount of sperm in males or turning males into females.

As environmental destruction became apparent, the Federal Law on the Management of Poisons was enacted in 1976, which led to the regulation of PCBs and similar legislation in the European Community. These laws prohibit the production, processing, commercial sale, or use of open systems in PCBs.

But there are still many devices in use that contain PCBs. In the United States and the European Community, there are about 500,000 transformers containing Ascarel. It is also estimated that more than 2 million transformers contain mineral or dielectric fluids containing PCBs concentrations above the content limits. This figure is much higher when the world is combined. Ascarel contaminants are caused by cross-contamination in the manufacture of equipment, treatment of oilfields, filling services, maintenance work, and disposal or collection of spent liquids. Almost all of the mineral oil contaminated with PCBs has a pollution level that exceeds the limits of regulatory agencies.

Therefore, mineral oil contaminated with PCBs is a serious environmental problem and the most commonly used high temperature incineration method to date is to pour transformer oil contaminated with PCBs into a rotary furnace and incinerate at high temperatures. Although the method is simple, the treatment cost is high and the problem of destroying even the recyclable material in the operation of pollutants is problematic. The other method is to treat alcoholic solvents and alkaline substances with PCBs under basic environmental conditions. However, it was necessary to improve the PCBs handling method more effectively and environmentally by changing the reaction environmental conditions because it was not processed completely under the basic environmental conditions.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for chemically treating PCBs, ie, dechlorination of PCBs-containing oil, which can improve the efficiency of destruction and removal of PCBs for chemically treating PCBs-containing oils contained in a waste transformer.

In addition, it is another object of the present invention to provide an effective and environmentally friendly dechlorination apparatus for oils containing PCBs, which is easy to handle by reducing reaction environmental conditions, reduces operating costs, and greatly improves environmental pollution.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the PCBs containing oil storage tank that is mixed, stored according to the concentration of the PCBs from the transformer transformer concentration is confirmed; A reactor in which an alcoholic solvent and an alkaline substance are mixed with the PCBs-containing oil stored in the PCBs-containing oil storage tank and warmed in a vacuum to cause dechlorination reaction, and a continuous circulation pump is performed by a hydraulic stirrer and a reaction liquid circulation pump; A heat medium boiler for supplying heat to the jacket of the reactor by using heat medium oil; An alkaline material storage tank for storing the alkaline material; An alkaline material pulverizer for pulverizing the alkaline material into fine powder; An alcoholic solvent tank warmed to dissolve the alcoholic solvent and equipped with a stirrer; A precipitation tank for temporarily storing a material generated after the dechlorination reaction in the reactor; Decanta, which purifies the reaction product of the precipitation tank and separates it into harmless biphenyl oil and sludge; A service tank for temporarily storing the oil refined in the decanta; A screw conveyor for transporting the sludge from the Tecanta for drum packaging; An inspection standby tank for transferring the oil of the service tank and waiting for inspection; A final storage tank which transfers oil after the determination of acceptance in the inspection standby tank and finally waits for shipment; A vacuum pump for applying a vacuum inside the reactor; A cooler for cooling and liquefying oil which is generated during oil cooling and processing of the vacuum pump; A chiller freezer for supplying a low temperature refrigerant to the cooler; Adsorption dechlorination apparatus for a PCBs-containing oil, characterized in that it comprises a; adsorption tower for adsorbing the gas that has not been cooled and liquefied in the cooler with activated carbon to release clean air to the atmosphere.

In addition, the alcoholic solvent is preferably made of any one of MEG, DEG, TEG and PEG.

In addition, the alkaline material is preferably a powder obtained by grinding at least one of NaOH, CaOH and KOH by a mill.

In addition, the concentration of the PCBs-containing oil is preferably divided into low concentration (2 ~ 50ppm), medium concentration (51 ~ 300ppm), high concentration (301ppm or more).

Here, the weight ratio of the PCBs-containing oil, alcoholic solvent and alkaline substance is divided into three levels for each PCBs-containing oil concentration, 100: 2.5: 2 at low concentration, 100: 3.5: 2.5 at medium concentration, and 100: 5: 3 at high concentration. Is preferably.

In addition, the vacuum degree is preferably 200 ~ 500mmHg (G), the temperature inside the reactor is preferably 150 ~ 180 ℃.

According to the present invention, a chlorine group of PCBs is replaced with a hydrogen group and a hydroxyl group by a continuous circulating pumping of PCBs-containing oil, alcoholic solvent, and alkaline substance in a waste transformer by a hydraulic stirrer and a reaction liquid circulation pump at a constant temperature and vacuum degree. By completely dissolving into oil, it is easy to handle and saves on operating costs, and the oil from which PCBs have been removed can be recycled into fuel oil to prevent environmental pollution.

The present invention is based on a dechlorination reaction in which a chlorine group of PCBs is replaced with a hydrogen group and a hydroxyl group by a chemical reaction and decomposed into a harmless biphenyl oil. The present invention is for reuse and recycling of a harmless oil containing no chlorine.

The apparatus for dechlorination of PCBs-containing oil according to the present invention will vary depending on the concentration of PCBs of waste insulating oil to be treated, alcoholic solvents and alkaline substances for treating PCBs, reaction temperature, vacuum, and other internal environments. In addition, the treatment plant process is divided into PCBs management process and non-PCBs management process. First, PCBs management process is divided into inflow process of transferring and storing PCBs oil to be treated and decomposition reaction process of dechlorination process by oxidation reaction to make harmless biphenyl oil, and non-PCBs management process is dechlorination decomposition. It is composed of a post-treatment step for removing the reaction product in the post-oil and a discharge step for storing and releasing the post-treatment oil.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings for the dechlorination apparatus of the PCBs-containing oil according to the present invention will be described in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram of the principal part of the dechlorination apparatus of the PCBs containing oil which concerns on this invention.

As shown, the apparatus for dechlorination of the PCBs-containing oil according to the present invention is a PCBs-containing oil storage tank (1), a reactor (2), a heat medium boiler (3), an alkaline storage tank (4), an alkaline material grinder ( 5), alcoholic solvent tank (6), sedimentation tank (7), decanter (8), service tank (9), screw conveyor (10), inspection standby tank (11), final storage tank (12), vacuum pump (13), a cooler (14), chiller freezer (15) and adsorption tower (16).

First, the PCBs-containing oil storage tank (1) is a facility for mixing and storing according to the concentration of PCBs from the waste transformer in which the concentration of PCBs is confirmed. It consists of two or more tanks for each concentration of PCBs, equipped with a hydraulic stirrer 109 or air blower at 20 to 50 rpm, and has a vent port equipped with an insect screen at the top, and a discharge port, a sample port, a drain port and a liquid level gauge, and PCBs at the bottom. The containing oil transfer pump 108, a flowmeter, etc. are provided.

In addition, the concentration of the PCBs-containing oil is divided into groups of low concentration (2 ~ 50ppm), medium concentration (51 ~ 300ppm), high concentration (301 ppm or more) to be added to the reactor (2) to further increase the reaction efficiency.

In addition, the reactor 2 is connected to the PCBs-containing oil storage tank 1 so that the PCBs-containing oil is stored for each concentration, and alcoholic solvents and alkaline substances in the PCBs-containing oil transferred from the PCBs-containing oil storage tank 1. Is a device that causes dechlorination by heating in a vacuum state.

The reactor 2 improves the chemical reaction efficiency of the internal reactants and prevents the PCBs-containing oil from contacting with oxygen in the air, and the temperature rises due to the heat of reaction as the chemical reaction occurs, and the degree of vacuum falls, so that the vacuum degree is 200 ~. Maintain the 500mmHg (G) state, the reaction temperature is raised to 150 ~ 180 ℃ and the hydraulic stirrer (109) to prevent the occurrence of fire, etc. due to electrical sparks inside the reactor (2) and complete the dechlorination decomposition reaction The reaction is carried out while continuing the pumping circulation by the stirring and reaction liquid circulation pump 102 by the). Where the chlorination of the PCBs reacts with the hydraulic stirrer 109 and the reaction liquid circulation pump 102 for 2 to 8 hours to replace the chlorine groups of the PCBs with hydrogen groups and hydroxyl groups to completely decompose them into harmless biphenyl oil. do.

In addition, the material of the reactor 2 is preferably chemically stable, such as glass and stainless steel such as Pyrex, the outside of the reactor 2 is a fruit jacket, the heat medium oil inside the jacket is a heat medium boiler (3) Connected with The rotation of the drive motor by the hydraulic pump has two to four stage hydraulic stirrers 109 of 20 to 90 rpm, and it is preferable to install a scraper at the lower portion.

In addition, an automatic vacuum control valve, a vacuum controller, an automatic vacuum recorder is installed to maintain the vacuum degree of the reactor 2 at 200 to 500 mmHg (G), and an automatic temperature control valve to maintain the temperature at 150 to 180 ° C. , Temperature controller, automatic thermograph is installed, prevents precipitation of reaction product, and fine powder is pulverized on rotating screw when alkaline powder is added to promote dechlorination reaction, so that complete reaction is achieved. 102) Preferably, three screw pumps are provided.

In addition, the heat medium boiler 3 is connected to the reactor 2 by a pipe, and heats the heat medium oil up to 300 ° C. to supply heat to the jacket of the reactor 2 to raise the internal temperature of the reactor 2 to 150˜. It heats up at 180 degreeC. The heat medium boiler 3 is connected to the fruit circulation pump 101 for the circulation of the fruit

In addition, the alkaline storage tank 4 is a place for temporarily storing the alkaline powder, and since the alkaline powder is hygroscopic, it is formed in a sealed type and a heating device is installed outside. The alkaline material uses at least one of NaOH, CaOH and KOH.

The alkaline material grinder 5 is connected to the alkaline material storage tank 4 to supply alkaline powder, and grinds the alkaline powder into fine powder to facilitate the reaction. One screw conveyor for feeding alkaline materials, a screw mill at the bottom, dust is collected in the bag filter, and the outer case is equipped with a heating device and a hood device to remove moisture in the sealed box.

In addition, the alcoholic solvent tank 6 is a place where the alcoholic solvent is heated to be dissolved, and has a stirrer of 20 to 90 rpm. The alcoholic solvent uses any one of MEG, DEG, TEG and PEG. Since the alcoholic solvent becomes a solid state at 25 ° C. or lower, the alcoholic solvent is maintained in a liquid state at 30 to 40 ° C. by heating. For this purpose, a heating device, a temperature controller and a liquid level meter are installed, and a heating wire (maintained at 40 ° C.) is installed in the piping line.

Here, the weight ratio of the PCBs-containing oil, the alcoholic solvent and the alkaline substance is divided into three stages for each PCBs-containing oil concentration into the reactor (2), at a low concentration of 100: 2.5: 2, and at a medium concentration of 100: 3.5. In case of high concentration of: 2.5 and 100: 5: 3.

In addition, the precipitation tank 7 is a tank for temporarily storing the material generated after the dechlorination reaction in the reactor 2, and is a tank for temporarily storing the reaction product before refining in the decanter 8. At the top of the settling tank (7), there is provided an oil outlet and a sight hole, and at the bottom a band heater and a sample sphere are provided. The reaction product circulation pump 103 is installed in gear or screw form to prevent precipitation of the reaction product, and the reaction product transfer pump 104 is installed in gear or screw form in order to transfer the reaction product to the decanter 8. Cooling water line is installed in the transfer line.

The decanter 8 is a place where the reaction product of the precipitation tank 7 is purified and separated into harmless biphenyl oil and sludge, and the inverter is adjusted to 30 to 40 Hz using a granular centrifugal separator.

In addition, the service tank (9) is a place for temporarily storing the purified oil from the decanter (8), thermometer, sight hole, automatic liquid level regulator, sample port, upper oil discharge outlet and refined oil transfer pump 105 Is installed, the screw conveyor 10 is a place for transporting the sludge from the decanta (8) for drum packaging, the screw conveyor 10 is provided with a sealed box on the outside, A bend hood is connected, and a hot wire is attached to the screw conveyor 10 casing.

In addition, the inspection standby tank 11 transfers the oil of the service tank 9 to the inspection standby, and stores the transferred oil until the sum or negative determination. In the case of the determination of acceptance of the oil, the inspection passing transfer pump 106 operates in the final storage tank 12, and in the case of failure, the inspection failed transfer pump 107 operates in the reactor 2. The inspection standby tank 11 is provided with a level gauge, an upper oil doctor, and a discharge wall.

The final storage tank 12 is a place where the oil is transferred and finally waited for shipment after the acceptance judgment in the inspection atmospheric tank 11, and a liquid level meter, a discharge wall, and a flow meter are provided.

In addition, the vacuum pump 13 is a pump that maintains a vacuum degree of 200 to 500 mHg (G) in order to obtain an optimum reaction by applying a vacuum inside the reactor 2, and an oil-cooled sealed vacuum pump 13 ).

The cooler 14 cools the oil in the vacuum pump 13 and cools and liquefies oil generated during the process. The settling tank 7, the decanter 8, and the service tank 9 , The screw conveyor 10, the inspection atmospheric tank 11, etc., the cooling and liquefaction of the oil generated from. It uses the secondary refrigerant of the chiller refrigerator 15 as cooling water.

The chiller refrigerator 15 is a device for supplying a low temperature coolant to the cooler 14, and is a device for supplying a second coolant having a maximum temperature of −20 ° C. to the cooler 14.

In addition, the adsorption tower 16 is a device for adsorbing gas that has not been cooled and liquefied in the cooler 14 with activated carbon to release clean air to the atmosphere. That is, the cooler 14 adsorbs gas and odor that have not been liquefied and discharges clean air, and activated carbon is filled therein, and a blower is installed.

Hereinafter will be described the operation, effect of the present invention.

Analyze the concentration of PCBs-containing oil in the PCBs-containing oil storage tank (1) drained in the waste transformer, and then subdivide into low concentrations (2-50 ppm), medium concentrations (51-300 ppm), high concentrations (301 ppm or more), and then reactor ( 2) is fixed.

Enhances the chemical reaction efficiency of the reactants mixed in the reactor 2, that is, PCBs-containing oils, alkaline substances and alcoholic solvents, prevents PCBs-containing oils from oxidizing in contact with oxygen in the air, and reacts with chemical reactions. As the temperature rises and the degree of vacuum decreases, the internal vacuum level is maintained at 200 to 500 mmHg (G), the reaction temperature is raised to 150 to 180 ° C., and the occurrence of a fire due to an electrical spark inside the reactor 2 is prevented. Then, the stirring by the hydraulic stirrer 109 and the pumping circulation by the reaction liquid circulation pump 102 are continued so that the dechlorination decomposition reaction is completed.

The alkaline material is first pulverized the alkaline material into a pulverized powder in the pulverizer based on the weight ratio, and after 5 to 10 minutes, the alcoholic solvent is added and then reacted for 2 to 8 hours, the reaction pump circulating pump 102 The reaction product is transferred to the settling tank (7) while continuously circulating pumping, and the reaction product is fed to the decanta (8) via the cooler (14) while circulating the reaction product in the settling tank (7). It is separated and purified into harmless biphenyl oil and sludge.

Harmless biphenyl oil is added to the inspection standby tank 11 through the service tank 9 and stored until the negative judgment, and when passed, it is transferred to the final storage tank 12 and waits for shipment, and the sludge is screwed. As the process of hermetically storing the drum through the conveyor 10 is completed, there is no pollution of the air environment during the operation of discharging clean air by cooling and liquefying the oil generated during the reaction, transfer, and purification, and the operation is simple. It is safe and safe, and it prevents the generation of toxic substances such as dioxins and furans by inhibiting oxidation with air.

1-Schematic diagram of the main part of the dechlorination apparatus of the PCBs-containing oil according to the present invention.

<Description of Major Symbols Used in Drawings>

1: Oil storage tank containing PCBs 2: Reactor

3: heating boiler 4: alkaline storage tank

5: alkaline material grinder 6: alcoholic solvent tank

7: settling tank 8: decanter

9: service tank 10: screw conveyor

11: waiting tank for inspection 12: final storage tank

13: vacuum pump 14: cooler

15: chiller chiller 16: adsorption tower

Claims (7)

An oil storage tank (1) containing PCBs mixed and stored according to the concentration of PCBs from the waste transformer in which PCBs concentration is confirmed; An alcoholic solvent and an alkaline substance are mixed with PCBs-containing oil quantitatively transferred from the PCBs-containing oil storage tank 1 and heated in a vacuum state to cause a dechlorination reaction, and to the hydraulic stirrer 109 and the reaction liquid circulation pump 102. A reactor 2 in which continuous circulation pumping is performed; A heat medium boiler (3) for supplying heat to the jacket of the reactor (2) using heat medium oil; An alkaline material storage tank 4 for storing the alkaline material; An alkaline material pulverizer 5 for grinding the alkaline material into fine powder; Heating and dissolving the alcoholic solvent, and an alcoholic solvent tank 6 with a stirrer; A settling tank (7) for temporarily storing a material generated after the dechlorination reaction in the reactor (2); Decanta (8) for purifying the reaction product of the precipitation tank (7) to separate the harmless biphenyl oil and sludge; A service tank 9 for temporarily storing the oil refined in the decanter 8; A screw conveyor (10) for transporting the sludge from the Tecanta for drum packaging; An inspection standby tank 11 which transfers oil of the service tank 9 and waits for inspection; A final storage tank 12 which transfers oil after the determination of acceptance in the inspection standby tank 11 and finally waits for shipment; A vacuum pump (13) for applying a vacuum inside the reactor (2); A cooler (14) for cooling and liquefying oil vapor generated during oil cooling and processing of the vacuum pump (13); A chiller refrigerator (15) for supplying a low temperature refrigerant to the cooler (14); And a adsorption tower (16) for adsorbing gas not cooled and liquefied in the cooler (14) with activated carbon to release clean air to the atmosphere. The dechlorination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alcoholic solvent is one of MEG, DEG, TEG, and PEG. The dechlorination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alkaline material is a powder obtained by pulverizing at least one of NaOH, CaOH, and KOH by a mill. The dechlorination decomposition of PCBs-containing oils according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the PCBs-containing oil is divided into low concentrations (2-50 ppm), medium concentrations (51-300 ppm), and high concentrations (301 ppm or more). Device. The method of claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the PCBs-containing oil, alcoholic solvent and alkaline substance is divided into three levels for each PCBs-containing oil concentration, 100: 2.5: 2 at low concentration, 100: 3.5: 2.5 at medium concentration, 100: at high concentration. Dechlorination apparatus for PCBs containing oil, characterized in that 5: 3. 2. The apparatus for dechlorination of a PCBs-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree is 200 to 500 mmHg (G). The apparatus for dechlorination of a PCBs-containing oil according to claim 1, wherein the temperature inside the reactor (2) is 150 to 180 ° C.

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