KR20100059209A - A drainage system for soft ground - Google Patents

A drainage system for soft ground Download PDF

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KR20100059209A
KR20100059209A KR1020080117897A KR20080117897A KR20100059209A KR 20100059209 A KR20100059209 A KR 20100059209A KR 1020080117897 A KR1020080117897 A KR 1020080117897A KR 20080117897 A KR20080117897 A KR 20080117897A KR 20100059209 A KR20100059209 A KR 20100059209A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
soft ground
drainage
permeable concrete
vacuum
sealing cap
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KR1020080117897A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101073695B1 (en
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한상재
김병일
김도형
홍강한
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(주)지구환경전문가그룹
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/28—Stressing the soil or the foundation structure while forming foundations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/16—Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
    • F04D17/168—Pumps specially adapted to produce a vacuum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles

Abstract

PURPOSE: A weak soil foundation drainage structure for drainage and reinforcement during banking weak soil foundation is provided to improve support force of the weak soil foundation and prevent damage to the front end of a banking area. CONSTITUTION: A weak soil foundation drainage structure for drainage and reinforcement during banking weak soil foundation comprises a permeable concrete(10), a sealing cap, and a vacuum hose(30). The permeable concrete is embedded within the weak soil foundation and a protrusion has a hollow part inside and a projection the upper surface thereof. The sealing cap is inserted into the top of the permeable concrete. A fixing groove and a through-hole are formed on the bottom of the sealing cap and a side hole is formed on both sides of the sealing cap. The protrusion of the permeable concrete is inserted into the fixing groove. A geotextile(50) and a banking area(60) are installed on the top of the sealing cap. The vacuum hose has multiple connecting hoses(31) and is connected to a vacuum suction pump(40). The coupling hose is inserted into the side hole of the sealing cap.

Description

연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반 배수구조{A drainage system for soft ground}A drainage system for soft ground for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soft ground filling

본 발명은 연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반 배수구조에 관한 것으로서, 연약지반 내 균일한 진공압을 가할 수 있도록 상부에서 토목섬유로 보강된 투수콘크리트를 이용한 배수 말뚝을 설치함으로써 연약지반의 압밀침하 촉진 및 압밀침하량 저감, 지지력 증대 및 성토체 전단파괴를 방지할 수 있는 것에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a soft ground drainage structure for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soft soil filling, and is soft by installing a drainage pile using a permeable concrete reinforced with geotextiles from the top to apply a uniform vacuum pressure in the soft ground. The present invention relates to promoting consolidation settlement of the ground, reducing the amount of consolidation settlement, increasing bearing capacity, and preventing shear destruction of the earthen bodies.

일반적인 연약지반 개량공법의 경우 연약지반 내에 대략 수직으로 배수공을 형성한 후, 이 배수공에 모래로 구성된 드레인재를 충전하거나 플라스틱재질의 배수재를 타설하여, 연약지반에 포함된 간극수가 배수공으로 배수되도록 하는 샌드드레인공법 또는 연직배수공법이 주로 사용되고 있다. 이 중 샌드드레인공법으로 배수구를 형성하면 모래와 모래 사이의 공극에 의해 배수가 원활히 이루어지므로, 연약지반에 포함된 간극수를 용이하게 배출하여, 짧은 시간 내에 연약지반을 개량할 수 있다.In the case of general soft ground improvement method, the drain hole is formed in the soft ground approximately vertically, and then the drain hole composed of sand is filled or plastic drainage is poured into the drain hole so that the gap water contained in the soft ground is drained to the drain hole. Sand drain method or vertical drainage method is mainly used. Among them, when the drain hole is formed by the sand drain method, the drainage is smoothly performed by the gap between the sand and the sand, so that the gap water included in the soft ground can be easily discharged, and the soft ground can be improved within a short time.

그런데, 이러한 샌드드레인 공법을 이용하기 위해서는 다수의 배수공에 비교 적 고가의 자재인 천연모래를 충전하여야 하므로, 자재비의 상승에 따라 공사비가 증가되는 문제점이 있었다. 또한 다량의 모래가 소비되므로, 모래를 채취하기 위해 해안이나 하천 등을 무분별하게 파괴하는 경우가 자주 발생하여 자연환경훼손 등 여러 문제점을 유발하였다.However, in order to use the sand drain method, a large amount of natural sand, which is a relatively expensive material, needs to be filled in a plurality of drain holes. In addition, since a large amount of sand is consumed, it often causes indiscriminate destruction of coasts and rivers to collect sand, causing various problems such as damage to the natural environment.

따라서, 모래를 사용하지 않는 새로운 연약지반 처리용 배수공법이 필요하게 되었다.Therefore, there is a need for a new method for draining soft ground without using sand.

한편, 최근에는 연약지반 처리용 배수구조로 배수성 말뚝 공법이 많이 소개되고 있는 바, 국내 동향을 살펴보면 출원인이 유승경(2006)의 경우 샌드컴팩션파일을 개선하기 위해 말뚝의 팽창파괴와 표면 막힘(Clogging)을 개선한 현장타설 투수콘크리트말뚝에 대한 특허를 취득하였으며, 출원인이 천병식(2006)의 경우 샌드컴팩션파일에서 모래를 대체하여 저회(Bottom ash)를 사용하는 것을 제안하였다.On the other hand, recently, many drainage pile methods have been introduced as drainage structures for soft ground treatment. Looking at domestic trends, Applicants said that in the case of Yoo, Seung-Kyung (2006), pile expansion and surface clogging to improve sand compaction piles were applied. ), And obtained the patent for the cast-in-placement concrete pile, which is improved, and the applicant proposed to use the bottom ash by replacing sand in the sand compaction file.

그러나, 연약지반의 압밀하중이나 측방유동을 발생시킬 수 있는 하중을 적극적인 방법에 의해 경감시켜 구조물의 안정을 유지시키거나 측방유동의 발생을 차단시킬 수 있는 적극적 방법들에 대한 연구는 사실상 미진한 상태이다.However, there are few studies on active methods that can reduce the consolidation load or side flow of soft ground by active method to keep structure stable or to prevent lateral flow. .

따라서 이러한 대책공법으로 연약지반의 침하 및 측방유동을 억지하는 공법인 성토지지말뚝 시스템은 안정성이나 시공성, 공사기간의 측면에서 그 효과가 매우 탁월하여 북유럽과 동남아시아 등지에서는 이미 경험적으로 사용되어 오고 있으며, 해외에서의 여러 시공 사례들로부터 그 우수성이 입증되고 있다(Raid and Buchannan, 1983; Gartung and Versphol, 1993; Cortlever, 2001). 그러나 이상에서 제시된 기술은 연약지반개량을 위한 공법이거나 상부 구조물의 안정성을 증대시 키기 위한 공법 등 한 가지에 초점을 두고 있다. Therefore, the landfill pile system, which is a construction method that suppresses settlement and lateral flow of soft ground by this countermeasure method, is very effective in terms of stability, constructability and construction period, and has been used empirically in North Europe and Southeast Asia. Its superiority has been demonstrated in several construction cases in (Raid and Buchannan, 1983; Gartung and Versphol, 1993; Cortlever, 2001). However, the technique presented above focuses on one method, such as a method for soft ground improvement or a method for increasing the stability of a superstructure.

본 발명은 지반내 균일한 진공압을 가할 수 있는 상부에서 토목섬유로 보강된 투수콘크리트를 이용한 말뚝(성토지지시스템)으로, 압밀침하 촉진 및 압밀침하량 저감, 지지력 증대 및 성토체 전단파괴를 방지할 수 있는 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 배수성 말뚝의 제조 및 시공방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention is a pile (soil support system) using a permeable concrete reinforced with geosynthetic fibers from the top to apply a uniform vacuum pressure in the ground, to promote consolidation settlement and reduce the amount of consolidation settlement, increase the bearing capacity and prevent the earth shear shear destruction To provide a method for manufacturing and construction of drainage piles for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement.

상술한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반 배수구조에 있어서,In order to achieve the above object, in the soft ground drainage structure for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soft ground fill,

연약지반내에 매입되게 되며, 내부에는 상하로 관통되는 중공부가 형성되며, 상면에는 돌출부가 구비된 다수의 투수콘크리트와;It is embedded in the soft ground, the hollow portion penetrates up and down therein, a plurality of permeable concrete having a protrusion on the upper surface;

상기 투수콘그리트의 상부에 설치되게 되며, 투수콘크리트의 상면에 형성된 돌출부가 끼움되는 고정홈이 하면에 형성되는 한편, 하면에는 관통홀이 형성되고 상기 관통홀과 연통되는 측홀이 양측에 형성되는 기밀캡과;It is installed on the upper portion of the permeable concrete, the fixing groove in which the protrusion formed on the upper surface of the permeable concrete is formed on the lower surface, while the lower surface is formed with a through hole and the side hole communicating with the through hole is formed on both sides A cap;

상기 기밀캡의 측홀에 끼움되는 다수의 연결호스가 구비되며, 단부에는 진공흡입펌프에 연결되는 진공호수로 구성되어 상기 기밀캡의 상부에 토목섬유와 성토부가 설치되어 진공압밀하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반배수구조를 제공한다.A plurality of connection hoses are inserted into the side holes of the hermetic cap, and the end portion is composed of a vacuum lake connected to a vacuum suction pump, and the civil fiber and the embankment are installed on the upper portion of the hermetic cap to weaken the vacuum consolidation. A soft ground drainage structure is provided for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soil fill.

본 발명은 기존의 연약지반 개량공사 시 공기단축이 필요하거나 상부 구조물의 하중이 클 경우 활용 가능성이 매우 높다. 또한, 본 기술은 점성토 지반 상에 시공되는 교대의 측방유동 방지를 위한 말뚝 시공 시에도 견고한 지지층의 심도가 깊을 경우에도 활용할 수 있다.The present invention is very likely to be utilized when the need for shortening the air during the existing soft ground improvement work or when the load of the upper structure is large. In addition, the present technology can be utilized even when the depth of the solid support layer is deep even during pile construction to prevent the lateral flow of the alternating construction on the viscous soil ground.

또한 본 발명은 연약지반개량 공정과 상부 하중을 거의 동시에 적용할 수 있어 공기를 기존 공사 대비 약 30% 정도 단축시킬 수 있으며, 또한 지반개량이 완료되면 진공압을 차단시켜 하중재하효과를 소멸시키기 때문에 잔류침하량이 크게 저감되어 향후 유지관리비용이 크게 절감될 수 있다. 또한 설치된 배수성 말뚝으로 인한 지반아칭효과로 상부 하중이 하부 지반에 저감되어 전달되므로 침하량이 감소하고 상부 하중으로 작용하는 성토량이 크게 감소하게 된다.In addition, the present invention can apply the soft ground improvement process and the upper load at about the same time can reduce the air by about 30% compared to the existing construction, and also because the ground pressure is cut off to eliminate the loading effect by the completion of the ground improvement Residual sedimentation can be significantly reduced, which can significantly reduce future maintenance costs. In addition, due to the ground arching effect of the installed drainage piles, the upper load is reduced and transmitted to the lower ground, so the settlement is reduced and the fill volume acting as the upper load is greatly reduced.

특히 본 발명은 종래 진공압밀공법의 빠른 지반개량효과와 말뚝을 이용한 성토지지시스템의 상부 하중 경감 및 구조물의 안정성 증대와 같은 장점은 모두 활용하면서, 지반개량과 상부 구조물 축조가 별개의 공정으로 분리되어 시공되고 하부 견고한 지지층까지 말뚝을 관입시켜야하는 등의 기존 기술들의 단점을 개선하는 효과가 있다.In particular, the present invention while utilizing all the advantages such as the rapid ground improvement effect of the conventional vacuum consolidation method and the reduction of the upper load of the fill support system using the pile and the stability of the structure, the ground improvement and the structure of the upper structure is separated into a separate process There is an effect to improve the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the need to penetrate the pile up to the construction and the lower solid support layer.

연약지반의 개량공사에 있어 지중에 함유된 간극수를 배출시킬 수 있는 본 발명의 연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반배수구조의 실시 예를 설명하면 다음과 같다.When explaining the embodiment of the soft ground drainage structure for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soft ground embankment of the present invention that can discharge the gap water contained in the ground in the improvement of the soft ground as follows.

우선, 첨부된 도면을 설명하면 도 1은 본 발명의 연약지반배수구조의 설치상 태를 도시한 예시도이며, 도 2는 도1의 A부의 확대도이고,도 3은 본 발명의 주요구성요소를 도시한 분해사시도이며, 도 4는 본 발명의 작동상태를 도시한 단면도이고, 도 5는 도 4의 B부의 확대도이다.First, referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an exemplary view showing the installation state of the soft ground drainage structure of the present invention, Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the portion A of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a major component of the present invention Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view showing, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the operating state of the present invention, Figure 5 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG.

본 발명의 전체적인 구성은 크게 다수의 투수콘크리트(10)와, 상기 투수콘크리트(10)의 상부에 끼워지는 다수의 기밀캡(20)과 진공호수(30)로 구성되게 된다.The overall configuration of the present invention is composed of a large number of permeable concrete 10, a plurality of airtight cap 20 and the vacuum lake 30 to be fitted to the top of the permeable concrete 10.

본 발명의 투수콘크리트(10)는 연약지반내에 매입되게 되며, 내부에는 상하로 관통되는 중공부(11)가 형성되며, 상면(12)에는 돌출부(121)가 구비되게 된다.Permeable concrete 10 of the present invention is embedded in the soft ground, the hollow portion 11 is formed to penetrate up and down inside, the upper surface 12 is provided with a protrusion 121.

그리고 본 발명의 기밀캡(20)은 강화플라스틱 또는 에프알피를 재질로 하게 되며, 상기 투수콘그리트(10)의 상부에 설치되게 되며, 투수콘크리트(10)의 상면(12)에 형성된 돌출부(121)가 끼움되는 고정홈(211)이 하면(21)에 형성되는 한편, 하면(21)에는 관통홀(22)이 형성되고 상기 관통홀(22)과 연통되는 측홀(23)이 양측에 형성되는 구조이다.And the airtight cap 20 of the present invention is made of a reinforced plastic or FRP, material is installed on the top of the permeable concrete 10, the protrusion 121 formed on the upper surface 12 of the permeable concrete 10 The fixing groove 211 is inserted into the lower surface 21, while the through hole 22 is formed in the lower surface 21 and side holes 23 communicating with the through hole 22 are formed on both sides. Structure.

또한, 본 발명의 진공호수(30)는 상기 기밀캡(20)의 측홀(23)에 끼움되는 다수의 연결호스(31)가 구비되며, 단부에는 진공흡입펌프(40)에 연결되게 되며, 상기 기밀캡(20)의 상부에 토목섬유(50)와 성토부(60)가 설치되어 진공압밀하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the vacuum lake 30 of the present invention is provided with a plurality of connecting hoses 31 fitted in the side holes 23 of the hermetic cap 20, the end is connected to the vacuum suction pump 40, the Geotextile 50 and the fill portion 60 is installed on the upper portion of the airtight cap 20 is characterized in that the vacuum consolidation.

상술한 진공호스(30)는 도1에 도시된 바와 같이, 진공호스(30)와 일체로 연결되어 있는 연결호스(31)들이 투수콘크리트(10)와 결합되어 있는 다수의 기밀캡(20)에 연결되어 진공흡입펌프(40)의 흡입으로 지반내의 간극수를 외부로 배출하게 된다. As shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum hose 30 described above includes a plurality of hermetic caps 20 in which connection hoses 31 integrally connected with the vacuum hose 30 are coupled with the water-permeable concrete 10. Connected to discharge the gap water in the ground to the outside by the suction of the vacuum suction pump 40.

상기와 같이 구성된 본 발명은 진공흡입펌프(40)을 작동하게 되면 연약지반내에 진공압이 발생하여 연약지반에 함유되어 있는 간극수가 투수콘크리트(10)를 통해 외부(지표층)으로 유도되어 압밀 침하를 촉진할 수 있다.According to the present invention configured as described above, when the vacuum suction pump 40 is operated, a vacuum pressure is generated in the soft ground and the pore water contained in the soft ground is led to the outside (surface layer) through the permeable concrete 10 to consolidate the settlement. I can promote it.

즉, 진공압을 가하면 연약지반 내 존재하는 간극수가 급속히 유출되면서 지반개량이 이루어진다. That is, when the vacuum pressure is applied, the ground water is rapidly improved while the gap water existing in the soft ground flows out rapidly.

특정 압밀도 이상이 되면 진공압밀과 성토부(60)를 구축하여 구조물을 축조하게 된다. 이때 배수 말뚝 주변에는 진공압이 분포하여 지반내 간극수압이 감소하면서 유효응력이 증가하게 되므로 말뚝의 지지력은 크게 증가하게 된다. 이는 기존 성토지지 시스템에서 말뚝이 양호한 지지층(기반암)에 도달되어야만 했던 문제점을 말뚝의 지지력 증가를 통해 크게 개선하는 효과를 얻을 수 있다.When the specific density is more than the vacuum consolidation and the filling portion 60 to build a structure. At this time, since the vacuum pressure is distributed around the drainage pile and the pore water pressure in the ground decreases, the effective stress increases, so the bearing capacity of the pile is greatly increased. This can achieve the effect of greatly improving the problem that the pile had to reach a good support layer (base rock) in the existing soil support system by increasing the bearing capacity of the pile.

본 발명에 첨부된 도 1의 실시예를 참고로 설명되었으나, 이는 예시적인 것이며, 당해 분야에서 통상의 지식을 바탕으로 다양한 변형 및 시공방법이 가능하다는 점을 알 수 있다.Although described with reference to the embodiment of Figure 1 attached to the present invention, this is illustrative, it can be seen that various modifications and construction methods are possible on the basis of common knowledge in the art.

도 1은 본 발명의 연약지반배수구조의 설치상태를 도시한 예시도.1 is an exemplary view showing an installation state of the soft ground drainage structure of the present invention.

도 2는 도1의 A부의 확대도.2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;

도 3은 본 발명의 주요구성요소를 도시한 분해사시도.Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the major components of the present invention.

도 4는 본 발명의 작동상태를 도시한 단면도.4 is a cross-sectional view showing an operating state of the present invention.

도 5는 도 4의 B부의 확대도.5 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 4;

<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 간단한 설명><Brief description of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10 : 투수콘크리트 11 : 중공부10: pitcher concrete 11: hollow part

12 : 상면 20 : 기밀캡12: upper surface 20: airtight cap

21 : 하면 22 : 관통홀21: lower surface 22: through hole

23 : 측홀 30 : 진공호수23: side hole 30: vacuum lake

31 : 연결호수 40 : 진공흡입펌프31: connection number 40: vacuum suction pump

50 : 토목섬유 60 : 성토부50: geotextile 60: fill section

121 : 돌출부 211 : 고정홈121: protrusion 211: fixing groove

Claims (1)

연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반배수구조에 있어서,In the soft ground drainage structure for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement in soft ground fill, 연약지반내에 매입되게 되며, 내부에는 상하로 관통되는 중공부(11)가 형성되며, 상면(12)에는 돌출부(121)가 구비된 다수의 투수콘크리트(10)와;It is embedded in the soft ground, the inside is formed with a hollow portion 11 penetrating up and down, the upper surface 12 has a plurality of permeable concrete 10 provided with a protrusion 121; 상기 투수콘그리트(10)의 상부에 설치되게 되며, 투수콘크리트(10)의 상면(12)에 형성된 돌출부(121)가 끼움되는 고정홈(211)이 하면(21)에 형성되는 한편, 하면(21)에는 관통홀(22)이 형성되고 상기 관통홀(22)과 연통되는 측홀(23)이 양측에 형성되는 기밀캡(20)과;The fixing groove 211 to be installed on the upper portion of the water-permeable concrete 10 and to which the protrusion 121 formed on the upper surface 12 of the water-permeable concrete 10 is fitted is formed on the lower surface 21, while the lower surface ( 21, a hermetic cap 20 having a through hole 22 formed therein and a side hole 23 communicating with the through hole 22 on both sides thereof; 상기 기밀캡(20)의 측홀(23)에 끼움되는 다수의 연결호스(31)가 구비되며, 단부에는 진공흡입펌프(40)에 연결되는 진공호수(30)로 구성되어 상기 기밀캡(20)의 상부에 토목섬유(50)와 성토부(60)가 설치되어 진공압밀하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연약지반 성토시 강제 배수 및 동시 보강을 위한 연약지반배수구조.A plurality of connection hoses 31 are fitted to the side holes 23 of the hermetic cap 20, and the hermetic cap 20 is composed of a vacuum lake 30 connected to a vacuum suction pump 40 at an end thereof. Geotechnical fiber (50) and the fill portion (60) on the upper portion of the soft ground drainage structure for forced drainage and simultaneous reinforcement during soft ground fillet, characterized in that the vacuum consolidation.
KR1020080117897A 2008-11-26 2008-11-26 A drainage system for soft ground KR101073695B1 (en)

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