KR20090125734A - Burner for boiler using biomass solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A burner for a boiler using biomass solid fuel is provided to treat sludge and ash completely by forcing water to circulate water inside a screw by a circulation pump in combustion. CONSTITUTION: A burner for a boiler using biomass solid fuel comprises a fuel supply part, a combustion device(11), and a boiler main body. The combustion device includes a combustion chamber(15), a screw(16), a drive part(17), and an ignition part(18). The combustion chamber has a solid fuel supply port(13) in the front side and a sludge and ash discharge port in the rear side. The screw is arranged along the inside of the combustion chamber to rotate, and withstands high heat of the combustion chamber with water circulated inside a screw. The screw delivers the solid fuel and discharges the sludge and ash through rotation. The drive part rotates the screw. The ignition part is installed in the side of the combustion chamber to ignite the solid fuel.

Description

Burner for Biomass Solid Fuel Boiler {Burner for Boiler using Biomass Solid Fuel}

The present invention relates to a burner for a biomass solid fuel boiler, and more particularly, to a burner for a boiler using a solid fuel such as wood pellets, which has been spotlighted as biomass energy.

Recently, as the problem of climate change due to global warming is a serious threat to human survival, interest in renewable energy is increasing, and investment to replace existing fossil fuels is rapidly increasing.

In this regard, studies are being actively conducted on boilers using biomass solid fuels, which are different from conventional coal-fired boilers.

Normally, biomass solid fuels are renewable energy derived from energy-only crops and trees, agricultural products and feed crops, and farm waste and debris.

In the case of using such biomass solid fuel, energy can be self-sufficient and greatly reduce environmental pollution.

The current boiler combustion method for using biomass solid fuel is largely a conveyor belt or a chain-driven mobile grating method which is conventionally used for fueling coal, and a burner type and crucible type which are mainly used for burning wood pellets. , Plate type, and the like.

However, the conventional boiler combustion method has each of the following disadvantages.

In other words, the moving grating method of conveyor belts (chains) has problems in manufacturing high efficiency boilers (burners) due to excessive manufacturing cost due to complex mechanical structures, and the size occupied in the lower part of boilers. Has unsuitable characteristics.

In addition, the burner type and crucible type combustion method, which is mainly used to burn wood pellets, has a lot of sludge and reprocessing problems that occur when burning low quality pellets, thereby providing a fundamental cause of boiler defects. It is not practical to manufacture burners for medium and large boilers for commercial and industrial use.

Solid fuel combustion burner that can completely discharge solid fuel and automatically discharge sludge caused by ash and entanglement of ash and contaminants and impurities contained in solid fuel at high temperature In order to develop the fuel cell, spring type screw is used to find the usefulness in terms of automatically transferring the combustion material and sludge to the outlet after completely burning the fuel while passing the fuel at a small speed. The fundamental problem that occurs when there is a limit that can not withstand the existing screw material, such as iron or stainless steel, deformation or melting due to the high temperature flame generated in the combustion section.

Accordingly, the present invention has been devised in view of the above, and a combustion method using a specially designed screw that burns in a specific section supplied with air by a blower while transporting fuel by using a screw in which water is circulated therein By ensuring the durability of the screw even in the high temperature flame generated during combustion, it is possible to precisely control the amount of combustion heat by adjusting the rotation and feed speed of the screw, and perfectly handle the sludge and ash generated during combustion The present invention aims to provide a biomass solid fuel burner and a burner for a boiler that can simplify the overall structure of the boiler and reduce manufacturing costs, such as greatly reducing the size of the boiler combustion chamber.

In order to achieve the above object, the biomass solid fuel boiler provided by the present invention includes a fuel supply unit for supplying solid fuel, a combustion device for burning solid fuel, and a boiler body for heating water using combustion heat, In particular, the combustion apparatus is provided with a solid fuel supply port at the front and a sludge / ash discharge port at the rear and a combustion chamber in which solid fuel is combusted, and rotatably arranged while being arranged side by side along the interior of the combustion chamber. It consists of a hollow pipe that can endure high heat in the combustion chamber to withstand the high heat in the combustion chamber, and the screw to transport the solid fuel and discharge the sludge and ash through the rotation operation, and the drive unit installed in front of the combustion chamber to rotate the screw, Installed on the side of the combustion chamber to ignite the solid fuel By including the burner, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the combustion, it is characterized in that the sludge and the ash can be effectively treated.

Here, the biomass solid fuel boiler is preferably provided with a blower which is installed in the lower portion of the combustion chamber to inject the air required for combustion in the combustion chamber, and the screw is a straight portion at both ends serving as a support point during rotation It is preferable to have a spring-shaped and rolled form, or to be connected to the boiler water pipe so as to receive water from the boiler water pipe that is forcedly circulated by the circulation pump.

In the case of the screw, it is possible to adjust the size according to the capacity of the boiler and may be used in the form of a plurality arranged in parallel.

Biomass solid fuel boiler provided in the present invention has the following advantages.

By circulating water inside the screw that transports solid fuel and discharges sludge and ash during combustion, the screw itself can tolerate even under high-temperature combustion conditions, thus effectively perfecting sludge and ash, which are problems of solid fuel boilers. It can be used for small boilers such as the overall structure of the boiler, especially the structure of the burner area, and can be usefully applied to small boilers. Since a multi-row arrangement is possible, it can be applied to large boilers such as industrial large boilers and cogeneration plants.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view showing the overall shape of a burner for a biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, a boiler body 12, which is a means for heating water flowing through an internal pipe by using combustion heat obtained by burning biomass solid fuel, is provided, and a solid body is provided below the boiler body 12. A combustion device 11, which is a means for burning fuel, is installed, and a fuel supply unit 10, which is a means for supplying solid fuel, is installed in front of the boiler body 12 and the combustion device 11.

In this case, the fuel supply unit 10 may be a means for supplying the biomass fuel such as wood pellets or the like continuously or periodically in a predetermined size state (usually using a spring screw), and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, since the boiler body 12 is a conventional method of heating water in a pipe through heat exchange with combustion heat, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Here, reference numeral 20 denotes a fuel supply pipe, which is connected to a solid fuel supply port (not shown) at the front of the combustion device 11, and thus solid fuel may be introduced into the internal front section of the combustion device 11. Can be.

2a and 2b are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view showing a combustion device of a biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the combustion device 11 uses a special type of screw 16 that can have excellent durability even under high temperature conditions in the combustion chamber 15, as well as transfer of solid fuel, as well as combustion. It is composed of a structure that can effectively deal with sludge and ash generated during the process.

To this end, a combustion chamber 15 in the form of an elongated housing is installed alongside the lower part of the boiler body 12, and the solid fuel is transported substantially inside the combustion chamber 15 and the sludge and ash are discharged. Screw 16 is installed side by side.

A solid fuel supply port 13 is formed at the front of the combustion chamber 15 to allow solid fuel to enter therein, and a sludge / ash outlet 14 is formed at the rear to generate the combustion. The sludge and ash can be naturally discharged by the operation of the screw 16.

In particular, as shown in Figure 3, the screw 16 is composed of a hollow pipe through which water is circulated, and the overall shape has a solid fuel or sludge and ash on one side while having a straight portion 16a at both ends. It is a form rolled up by the spring shape 16b which can be pushed out.

As the water flows into the screw 16, the screw itself can withstand any high temperature generated during combustion, and thus, the solid fuel transfer, sludge and ash discharge are excellent without problems such as deformation or melting caused by heat. It can be done.

The screw 16 is supported by a bearing or the like on the front and rear walls of the combustion chamber 15 by using straight portions at both ends, and rotates by the operation of the driving unit 17 to push solid fuel, sludge and ash to one side. It becomes possible.

The drive unit 17 includes a motor 21, a belt 22, a pulley 23, the motor 21 is installed on one side of the frame 24, and the pulley 23 is a motor 21. Are installed at the straight portions of the screw 16 extending outwards through the shaft and the front of the combustion chamber 15, the belt 22 is connected between the pulleys 23 of both.

Accordingly, when the motor 21 is operated, the screw 16 can be rotated about the straight line at both ends by the transmission of the pulley 23 and the belt 22.

Of course, in addition to the pulley / belt transmission method, the drive unit 17 may be applied in various forms, such as a chain transmission method, a gear transmission method, a motor direct drive transmission method.

In addition, the water circulated in the screw 16 may utilize water in the boiler water pipe.

For example, the front and rear straight portions of the screw 16 is provided with a valve 25 and at this time the straight portion is connected to a pipe 26 such as a hose extending from the boiler water pipe side through a coupler (not shown). The water forced to be circulated by the boiler side circulation pump (not shown) may also be circulated into the screw 16.

In the case of such a screw 16, it can take a variety of arrangements depending on the capacity of the boiler.

For example, in the case of a small boiler such as a home, a single small screw in a row may be used, and in the case of a large boiler such as an industrial, a large screw or a plurality of screws in a row may be disposed in parallel. .

That is, by appropriately setting the size of the screw, the number of screws, the capacity of the blower described later, a boiler of various capacities can be produced.

The combustion device 11 is provided with a blower 19 to help the effective complete combustion of the solid fuel.

The blower 19 includes a blower fan and the like, which is installed at a lower predetermined position of the combustion chamber 15, preferably at a first entry portion into which solid fuel is introduced, and supplies the amount of air required for combustion into the combustion chamber 15. By supplying properly, the combustion of the solid fuel can be made more effective.

In addition, an ignition unit 18 is installed at the side section of the combustion chamber 15, for example, at the side of the initial part into which the solid fuel is input, so that the initial ignition of the solid fuel is possible when the boiler is operated.

At this time, the ignition unit 18 may be applied to the ignition means used for a conventional solid fuel boiler (electric ignition rod, electric hot air ignition, etc.)

Therefore, looking at the operating state of the biomass solid fuel boiler is configured as follows.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operating state of the biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, in order to operate the boiler, a biomass solid fuel such as wood pellets is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 20 of the fuel supply unit 10 in the combustion chamber 15 of the combustion device 11. Through 13, the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the combustion of the solid fuel is started while the ignition is performed by the ignition unit 18, and the combustion of the solid fuel is continued as the air is injected by the blower 19. Will be made in earnest.

In addition, through the heat exchange action of the combustion heat generated by the active combustion of the solid fuel, the water flowing through the internal pipe of the boiler is heated to obtain the necessary hot water and steam.

Meanwhile, an appropriate amount of solid fuel is continuously or periodically supplied into the combustion chamber 15 of the combustion device 11 (fuel supply amount can be controlled using a fuel injection screw), and together with the drive unit 17, By slowly rotating the working screw 16, the solid fuel is transported to the combustion section (section through which air is injected through the blower), and combustion occurs.

Of course, since water flows inside the screw 16 at this time, the cooling of the water flowing inside the screw 16 allows the screw 16 to withstand deformation even in a high temperature environment in the combustion chamber 15 without being hollow. Water passing through the pipe

After passing, the hot water boiler is introduced into the water pipe inside the boiler in the high temperature state, and the steam boiler is transferred to the condensate tank in the boiler.

 The hot water is recycled to prevent the minimum heat loss that can occur due to the cooling of the screw in the combustion chamber.

In addition, sludge or ash generated by the combustion of the solid fuel is repeatedly pushed backward by the rotation of the screw 16, and finally through the sludge / ash outlet 14 at the end of the combustion chamber 15 to the outside Discharged and processed.

That is, by the rotation operation of the screw 16, the transfer of the solid fuel and the sludge and ash discharge proceeds at the same time.

As described above, in the present invention, by applying a screw having a special form and cooling method, problems such as excessive production cost, large size of the combustion furnace, difficulty in treating sludge and ash, etc., which are various problems of the burner structure of the conventional solid fuel boiler, etc. It can dramatically improve the

In addition, if the screw provided in the present invention uses a variety of fuels of a certain size or less, that is, wood pellets that are spotlighted as biomass energy, as well as all fuels of a certain particle size, such as wood chips, palm by-products, shaft pellets, etc. It is possible to manufacture a boiler that can be used easily.

And, if the size and quantity (parallel arrangement) and the like of the screw type provided in the present invention can be adjusted, it is possible to manufacture any number of breakthrough solid fuel boiler burners that can be applied to domestic small boilers as well as industrial large boilers and cogeneration plants.

In the above, certain preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been illustrated and described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may vary without departing from the spirit of the technical idea of the present invention described in the claims below. Will be able to carry out the change.

1 is a perspective view showing the overall shape of a biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 2a, 2b is a perspective view showing a combustion device of a biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a screw of the combustion device in a biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operating state of the biomass solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: fuel supply unit 11: combustion device

12 boiler body 13 solid fuel supply port

14 sludge / ash outlet 15: combustion chamber

16 screw 17 drive part

18: ignition unit 19: blower

20: fuel supply pipe 21: motor

22: belt 23: pulley

24: frame 25: valve

26: piping

Claims (5)

A fuel supply unit 10 for supplying solid fuel, a combustion device 11 for burning solid fuel, and a boiler body 12 for heating water using combustion heat, The combustion device 11 is provided with a solid fuel supply port 13 at the front and a sludge / ash discharge port 14 at the rear, and a combustion chamber 15 through which solid fuel is combusted, and along the interior of the combustion chamber 15. It is installed in a rotatable structure arranged side by side and the inside is made of a hollow pipe that can withstand the high heat in the combustion chamber by circulating water, and the screw 16 for discharging the sludge and ash at the same time to transport the solid fuel through the rotation operation; And a drive unit 17 installed at the front of the combustion chamber 15 to rotate the screw 16 and an ignition unit 18 installed at the side of the combustion chamber 15 to ignite the solid fuel. A biomass solid fuel boiler. The biomass solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, further comprising a blower (19) installed under the combustion chamber (15) for injecting air necessary for combustion into the combustion chamber (15). The biomass solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw (16) has a straight portion at both ends that serves as a support point when the screw (16) rotates and is wound in a spring shape. The biomass solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw (16) is connected to the boiler water pipe so as to receive water from the boiler water pipe forcedly circulated by the circulation pump. The biomass solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw (16) is sizeable according to boiler capacity and a plurality of screws can be arranged in parallel.

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