KR20090110175A - Circularly Polarized Wave Patch Antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A circularly polarized patch antenna is provided to improve a gain by increasing the maximum direction current without the change of the size and the antenna characteristic. CONSTITUTION: A circularly polarized wave patch antenna includes a radiation patch electrode(101), a ground electrode(110), and a connection board(120). A slit or notch is formed in an edge of the radiation patch electrode. The ground electrode is arranged in the lower side of the radiation patch electrode. The ground electrode has a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of protrusions are bended to the radiation patch electrode or opposite side. Each protrusion has a square, triangle, semicircular, or semi-oval shape. The connection board provides the electrical contact with the radiation patch electrode and the electrical interface with the external feeding line.

Description

Circularly Polarized Wave Patch Antenna

The present invention relates to a circularly polarized patch antenna, and more particularly, to a circularly polarized patch antenna capable of increasing gain without expanding the size of the antenna module.

With the rapid spread of various portable devices, the demand for smaller and more efficient antennas is rapidly increasing. In particular, portable devices supporting various wireless communication methods such as DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting), DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), and GPS (Global Positioning System) are being used in various ways. Various smaller and higher efficiency antennas that can be applied have been studied.

In particular, such a portable device can maintain a uniform transmission and reception quality when using a circular polarization antenna due to its communication characteristics, and is configured to internally or externally support a circular polarization patch antenna having a small size.

The circularly polarized patch antenna implements a radiator as a metal plate-type patch by simplifying the configuration of the circularly polarized antenna, and generally uses a configuration in which a patch electrode and a ground plane are spaced apart from each other using a dielectric substrate as an insulating layer.

1 shows a configuration of a general dielectric circular polarization patch antenna, and a power supply configuration is omitted for convenience of description. Since the circularly polarized patch antenna corresponds to a pair of antennas, a double feeding is used, but a single feeding is also possible by modifying a part of the radiator, so the feeding structure may vary according to the application method.

First, the rectangular radiation patch electrode 11 is positioned on a portion of the upper portion of the dielectric 10 such as ceramic, and the ground electrode 12 is disposed on the entire lower surface of the dielectric 10. The patch electrode 11 may include a notch in which slits are included or diagonal portions are removed. In this case, the ground electrode 12 is not directly related to the resonant frequency, but if it is configured to have a sufficient width, the ground electrode 12 is preferably configured to be as wide as possible because it effectively blocks the back lobe generated at the rear of the antenna. However, the gain is limited because the size of the portable antenna is generally smaller than the required width.

The resonance frequency of the patch antenna is determined by the dielectric constant of the dielectric 10 and the length of each side of the patch electrode 11.

2 and 3 show an example of a dielectric circular polarization patch antenna whose configuration is modified to adjust the dielectric constant. As shown in the drawing, the ground electrode 12 extends in the form of a wall on the lower part of the dielectric 10. The case where the extended ground electrode 13 is formed is shown. Through this configuration, the dielectric constant of the dielectric 10 can be adjusted by the extension ground electrode 13. However, such a configuration is not preferable because the antenna can behave like a resonator and thus deteriorate characteristics.

In general, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric 10 is increased, the antenna size can be reduced because an effect such as an antenna is lengthened can be obtained under the influence of capacitance, but radiation power is accumulated due to the influence of capacitance. Radiation losses can occur and radiation efficiency can be lowered.

That is, the higher the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric 10 can reduce the antenna size, but the radiation loss can be increased, and the antenna resonance frequency change is severely caused by the process deviation of the dielectric 10, so as to compensate for this. Additional compensation work is required, such as adding an extension ground electrode 13 or a separate adjustment electrode. Therefore, the use of such a dielectric 10 prevents radiation loss and omits the resonant frequency compensation structure (such as the extension ground electrode 13 or adjustment electrode addition) and the compensation process due to the dielectric process deviation. As a general trend, most mass-produced circularly polarized patch antennas do not use dielectrics, even if they are a little larger.

Therefore, manufacturing efficiency, antenna size and gain are trade-offs, and there is a limit to reducing the size while maintaining a constant antenna quality and manufacturing efficiency, but in the market it is cheaper, smaller and higher gain and additional features (e.g., It is urgent to develop a new circularly polarized patch antenna that can reduce the cost as well as use the space while increasing the gain within the limited antenna area. .

In view of the above problems and market demands, an object of the presently proposed embodiments is to provide a circularly polarized patch antenna capable of increasing the gain and using a space without expanding the antenna size.

Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized patch antenna capable of increasing the size by increasing the maximum current of the antenna without changing the antenna characteristics and the overall size.

Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized patch antenna which is cost-effective by reducing its size and making it suitable for mass production without adding a complicated structure for compensating antenna manufacturing variation.

It is still another object of the embodiments of the present invention to provide a circularly polarized patch antenna that minimizes the cost for gain gain by improving the gain through a simple structural change without changing the size or adding additional components.

In order to achieve the above object, the circularly polarized patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is a fixed floating floating patch electrode; And a ground electrode configured under the radiation patch electrode and having a plurality of protrusions which are bent and extended toward the radiation patch electrode side or the opposite side thereof.

In addition, the radiation patch electrode may further include a case structure for fixing the spaced apart from the ground electrode.

The protrusion area of the protrusion may be configured to be smaller than the empty area between the protrusions, and the protrusion may have one or more forms of a polygonal structure including a rectangle, a triangle, a semicircle, and a semi-ellipse.

The connection board may be further configured to be disposed on the ground electrode to provide an electrical contact with the radiation patch electrode and an electrical interface with an external feed line. The connecting board may separate the feed line signal into a feed signal and a DC signal. The apparatus may further include a signal separator and an element operated by the separated DC signal.

The circularly polarized patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention can increase the gain and use the space without expanding the antenna size, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna while maintaining the small size and utilizing the internal space to implement additional functions. It has an effect.

The circularly polarized patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention has an effect of obtaining a gain improvement such as extending the size by increasing the maximum current of the antenna without changing the antenna characteristics and the overall size.

The circularly polarized patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention has the effect of reducing the cost by reducing the size and making it suitable for mass production without adding a complicated structure for compensating the antenna manufacturing deviation.

The circularly polarized patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention has an effect of minimizing the cost generation for the gain by improving the gain through a simple structural change without changing the size or adding additional components.

The present invention as described above will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

4 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown, a radiation patch electrode 101 and a ground electrode 110 spaced apart from the bottom of the radiation patch electrode 101 are shown. The ground electrode 110 is provided with a plurality of protrusions that are bent and extended toward the radiation patch electrode 101 to reduce the effect on the radiation efficiency and to expand the area of the ground electrode.

In other words, air is used as the dielectric rather than the dielectric having the possibility of occurrence of a variation in the dielectric constant and thus requiring further correction, and this antenna structure physically protects the radiating patch electrode 101 and the ground electrode 110. It can be fixed and maintained by the case structure (not shown). That is, to form a structure for fixing the radiation patch electrode 101 to a part of the antenna case, to form a structure for accommodating the ground electrode 110 in the other part, the structure related to the connection and fixing of the feed line By forming, the radiation patch electrode 101 and the ground electrode 110 can be stably coupled to the antenna case having a variety of forms.

5 illustrates a structure of a circularly polarized patch antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which a radiating patch electrode 101 having a notch formed at an opposite edge thereof is spaced apart from the ground electrode 110 as illustrated. It can be seen that a substrate 120 providing an electrical interface between the signal cable 130 including the feed line provided from the antenna and the antenna is disposed on the ground electrode 110. Meanwhile, a feeding pin 121 may be formed on the substrate 120 to be electrically connected to the spaced apart patch electrode 101.

The arrangement of the substrate 120 including the configuration of the radiation patch electrode 101 and the configuration of the feed pin 121 may be variously changed, such that a rectangular patch electrode, a patch electrode configured with notches or slits, and the like Various patch electrode structures such as circular, elliptical, and one or more feed line connection methods used in the above may be selectively applied.

The ground electrode 110 employs an electrode structure having a plurality of protrusions that bend and extend a portion of the side, rather than a general planar ground electrode. This structure may be modified in various configurations as shown in FIG. 6, wherein the protrusions should not form an extension surface as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. That is, the protrusions should be arranged with sufficient space, and the arrangement or size need not be uniform, but it is preferable that at least one of the protrusions exist on all sides with sufficient space therebetween. For example, the protruding area of the protrusion may be smaller than the empty area between the protrusions.

In this case, the protrusion may be shorter than the separation distance from the radiation patch electrode 101. If the protrusion is formed too high, the gain improvement effect is reduced.

Such a protrusion prevents an offset generated from the side of the ground electrode among the signal offsets caused by the back loupe generated by the radiating patch antenna, thereby further obtaining a gain for the side region of the ground electrode that has been offset.

On the other hand, the substrate 120 is formed in the empty space between the radiation patch electrode 101 and the ground electrode 110 and provides an interface to the external signal cable 130, so that the feed line of the feed line to the substrate 120 A signal separation circuit unit may be further configured to separate a signal into a feed signal and a DC signal, and a driving circuit for operating a light emitting unit or operating a predetermined electronic circuit or element using the separated DC signal, and a corresponding target light emitting unit or An electronic circuit or an electronic element can be arrange | positioned. Thus, for example, it is possible to provide various additional functions without increasing the antenna volume, for example, emitting an LED, making a specific sound, or generating a specific control signal when transmitting and receiving a signal.

Alternatively, the protrusions may be formed in the opposite direction to the radiating patch electrode, in which case the volume may increase slightly but still provide a functionally equivalent effect.

Figure 6 shows the structure of the protrusions and the ground electrode of various forms, it is applicable to a circular ground electrode, a rectangular ground electrode as shown and a variety of forms of electrode structures, including, but not shown, oval or polygon, It can also be formed into a variety of structures, such as square, semi-circular, semi-elliptic, triangle, polygonal, they may be used mixed. On the other hand, the protrusion may be formed on the patch antenna side or on the opposite side of the patch antenna.

FIG. 7 is a simulation of the operating characteristics of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and as shown, it can be seen that the maximum gain reaches 7 dBi at 5.8 GHz.

8 illustrates an example in which the maximum gain is measured while changing the height of the protrusion, and the gain change when the protrusion structure is applied to the square ground electrode having one side of 13.5 mm is measured while changing the height of the protrusion. As a result of this measurement, the highest gain was measured when the height of the protrusion was 4 mm, and the gain was decreased even if it was lower or higher. That is, it can be seen that there is a gain improvement effect of about 0.62 dBi when the protrusion is applied in an appropriate size as compared with the case where there is no protrusion.

9 is a measurement of the maximum gain in the case of applying a flat square ground electrode having no protrusion, while varying the size of the square, in the environment as shown in FIG. As a result, the larger the size of the ground electrode is, the higher the gain is. Among these, the gain of using a ground electrode having a surface of 15 mm is similar to the maximum gain of FIG. 8 (4 mm protrusion structure). have.

Thus, when the extension protrusions bent in the ground electrode in the radial patch electrode direction (or the extension protrusions in the opposite direction) are obtained, the effect of the ground electrode is wider without changing the size of the actual antenna case. You can increase the gain. In the example shown, it is possible to obtain an effect of reducing the antenna case by about 1.5 mm (42.75 mm 2 area reduction) or to increase the gain by about 0.6 dBi at the same antenna case size.

FIG. 10 shows the electrode distribution (left) when no protrusion is formed and the electrode distribution (right) when a protrusion is formed. As shown in FIG. It can be seen that.

In the above described and illustrated with respect to preferred embodiments according to the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention attached to the claims. .

1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a general circular polarization patch antenna.

2 is a perspective view showing a structure of a circularly polarized patch antenna constituting an extension ground electrode for compensating for dielectric deviation.

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the circularly polarized patch antenna of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view showing an antenna configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a perspective view showing an antenna configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is an exemplary view showing a configuration of a ground electrode and a protrusion applicable to another embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a screen simulating the characteristics of an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a table showing the relationship between the protrusion length and the maximum gain applied to the embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a table showing the relationship between the size and the maximum gain of the planar ground electrode without protrusions.

10 is a simulation diagram showing the current distribution when there is no protrusion and when there is.

** Description of symbols for the main parts of the drawing **

101: radiation patch electrode 110: ground electrode

120: substrate 130: signal cable

Claims (9)

A fixed floating spinning patch electrode; And a ground electrode disposed under the radiation patch electrode and having a plurality of protrusions which are bent and extended toward the radiation patch electrode side or the opposite side thereof. The circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, further comprising a case structure configured to space the radiation patch electrode apart from the ground electrode. The circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein a slit is formed in the radiation patch electrode or a notch is formed at an opposite edge portion. The circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein a protruding area of the protruding portion is smaller than an empty area between the protruding portions. The circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has one or more of a polygonal structure including a quadrangle, a triangle, a semicircle, and a semi-ellipse. The circular polarization patch antenna of claim 1, further comprising a connection substrate disposed on the ground electrode to provide an electrical contact with the radiation patch electrode and an electrical interface with an external feed line. The circular polarization patch antenna of claim 6, wherein the connection board further comprises a signal separator for separating a signal of the feed line into a feed signal and a DC signal, and an element operated by the separated DC signal. The circular polarization patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground electrode has a bottom configuration corresponding to one of a polygonal structure including a rectangle, a rectangle, a circle, and an oval. The circularly polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the height of the protrusion of the ground electrode does not exceed a separation distance between the radiating patch electrode and the ground electrode.

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