KR20090033169A - Hexagonal roadway system and traffic control system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A construction method of traffic route is provided that the limited town area of the overcrowding city is efficiently used and vehicles traveling on the traffic route are controlled effectively. A construction method of traffic route builds up a section road in which hexagonal structure of road network of the ground of the whole or the fixed region of one illustration is formed. Each local road is built up inside each unit section which is divided and partitioned by the road of sections. The major building and the facility which is proper to the topography and geographical property of the discrete unit section are respectively arranged to the area partitioned by local roads.

Description

HEXAGONAL ROADWAY SYSTEM AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM THEREOF

The present invention relates to a method of constructing ground and underground transport routes for efficient use of the limited urban area of an overcrowded city, and a method of establishing a traffic system for effective control of vehicles that run on the routes.

Humans used tools and machines to make straight lines and squares. On his extension, man filled thousands of years with all the surrounding spaces, with the exception of the basic four-sided artefacts, with the exception of decor. The densely populated city was built vertically and horizontally by roads connecting the major points in each zone. Since modern times, all traffic problems in urban areas caused by the expansion of automobile supply have been regarded as inevitable products of civilization. As far as each intersection of the traditional road network is concerned, the establishment of a signal system that combines a 12-way road and an 8-way crosswalk is a challenge that cannot be easily solved even by advanced computer networks.

On the other hand, the natural world pursues circles (two-sided single side) and spheres (three-dimensional space). But there is no perfect circle or sphere due to the action of external forces . In such nature, Snow's crystal and honeycomb's cross section is a hexagonal structure. The most efficient dense form of circles of the same size on the plane is the honeycomb hexagonal network structure, which is the result of deformation due to the collapse of voids between circumscribed circles with significant external forces .

It is a technical element of the present invention to apply the hexagonal network structure expressed in one of these natural phenomena to the creation of efficient urban space by substituting the customary civilization society of mankind since the origin of ancient civilization.

Technical challenge

Humans operating in the planar space of artificial polygons where straight lines intersect exist with space and time that are ineffective to attenuate their efficiency. The space and time of the necessary evils required for the movement of the mobile media, which are not the best means for the physical movement of humans, are defined as invalid space and invalid time , respectively. It is a key task of the present invention to derive a technical solution by quantitatively calculating and analyzing the size of such invalid space according to the type of road network in an urban area.

Typical 4 gakmang structure and the road network to defined as a fourth angle Roman connection built in, such a four angle 4 angle is, and the 6 angle assumes respectively a 6 angle is formed by the Romans, and the following three major problems of the defined similarly formed by Romans The solution to is presented by the present invention.

First, the task of deriving a method of reducing the void space in urban areas by modifying the road network connection structure.

Second, the task of deriving a method of reducing the invalid time in urban areas by modifying the traffic system of the road network.

Third, the task of presenting the technical basis for establishing the policy and economic feasibility and fairness of urban planning for the total alteration of urban space including the ground and underground public facilities connected to the road network change.

Technical solution

In the whole or a certain area of the city to which the present invention is applied, the ground road network is constructed by connecting and constructing a regular structure of hexagonal network similar to the cross-sectional shape of a honeycomb, and divided and divided by each section road constituting the road network. Arrange each side road and building facility inside each unit section (abbreviated as following section ) of the square. The back roads are six straight roads passing through the center of each side from the center of the zone and connected to the section roads outside the zone, and several ring roads intersecting with each straight road and arranged at appropriate intervals from each other. It consists of.

By dividing the area divided into the back roads, the main buildings and facilities suitable for the geographical feature of the area are respectively arranged and the passages between them are connected to each ring road. In the center of each zone, there can be a central plaza of a suitable area, public facilities that can be used by multiple people, and public office buildings.

Referring to the configuration of the present invention in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the linear road 104 of each unit zone 106, as shown in Figure 1 crosses the section road 102 and the straight road and the straight line of the adjacent zone And crosswalks can be installed around the intersection. Each ring road (not shown) in an area may be designated as a one-way street in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and a straight road may be designated as a left-turn prohibition at each intersection.

Hexagonal cities may have a cross-waiting safety zone 504 that extends the width of the center line of the section road to enable time-divisional crossing of pedestrians at the Y-shaped intersection crosswalk 502 of the section road. In addition to the crosswalk, a crosswalk may be placed around the intersection of the section road and the straight road (see FIG. 5).

The subway track 108 is installed in the basement of the straight road, and can be branched after parallel connection between the subway line and the same floor of another line, and each subway station has a basement or straight road and a section road of the square arranged in the area. It may be installed in the basement of the cross section (see Figure 1).

The four cities divide the lanes of each road into three lanes of right, left, and right lanes, and the hexagonal cities are divided into only two lanes of left and right lanes. Six one-way lanes in four cities correspond to four lanes and six one-way lanes in six cities. Reasonable lane allocation has become a key factor in the road traffic policies of existing four cities along with the establishment of a smooth signal system.

According to the Rules on the Determination, Structure and Installation Standards of Urban Planning Facilities (Ministry of Construction and Transportation Decree 414, revised January 1, 2004), the provisions concerning roads are as follows. (Excerpt only necessary part, width of lane is quoted in Article 10 of rule about road structure and facility standard)

Article 9 2. Classification by size

end. Light path: road over 40 meters wide, 12 lanes over 3.25 meters wide

I. Boulevard: Roadway more than 25 meters wide, with more than eight lanes, approximately 3.00 meters wide

All. Mediation: Roads greater than 12 meters wide, with more than four lanes approximately 3.00 meters wide

la. Lanes: Other

Article 9 3. Classification by Function

Interstate road, secondary main road, aggregate road, national road

Article 10. Summary  Road layouts are divided into grades of approximately 1000, 500, 250, 125, 60, and 25 (meters), ranging from daytime roads to small national roads.

Article 11 Road Rates by Area of Use.  Can be increased or decreased according to local conditions.

1.Residential area: 20% or more but less than 30%, in this case, the road rate of the interstate road is 10% or more and less than 15%

2 . Commercial area: 25% or more but less than 35%, in this case the road rate of the main road is 10% or more but less than 15%

The higher the road rate, the better the traffic volume, but the lower the land use efficiency. However, the fundamental problem of road rates in four cities is that the road consumption cannot be overcome by the structural limits of 3: 2, even when compared with six cities.

For this reason, the upper limit of each road rate, which can minimize the traffic congestion of each city, is cited in the comparative analysis of road rates between two cities.

32.5%, which is a simple average of the upper limit of each road rate for the residential and commercial areas of the dense vehicle, which is the main object of the present invention, is set as the reference road rate for each of the four cities, among which the weekly road rate is 12% and the secondary main road rate is 8%. % And the remaining 12.5% are set as the backside road ratio with respect to the integrated road inside the zone.

The above road rate figures are calculated by closely analyzing the relevant provisions of current legislation that define the structure of the four-way road. (The sum of the highway rates is calculated to be 20.28% but weak at 20%)

The setting of road rates for four cities can be replaced by the assumption that the uniformity of each disguise in a zone divided only by four sides of road width 0 is added to the area of the road. In all the formulas below, √N is defined as the square root of N and √ {equation} is the square root of the result of the formula.

√ {100 / (100-32.5)} × 100% = 121.7%

When the ratio of one 'side length' (disguise) of two heterogeneous zones with the same effective area is defined as the toilet equipment, the quadrilateral to hexagonal city's toilet is √3 (approx. 312m disguise of hexagonal city corresponds to 540m (meter). In this embodiment, the diameter of the inscribed circle in each zone is equal to 540 m (see FIGS. 3 and 4).

In addition, a reasonable number of lanes for each class road shall be set as follows, assuming that the intervals of the roads quoted in Article 10 are proportional to the width of each road.

Batch Spacing (meters): 1000, 500, 250, 125, 60, 25 (reduced in 1/2 steps)

Grade Index (Number of Lanes): 12 10 8 6 4 2 (Decreased by 2 lanes per step)

The main road rate is proportional to the width and extension of the road (circumference of the area), and the width of the road is proportional to the number of lanes and the class index according to the disguise of the area.

Main road ratio × width ratio (road ratio × ratio of rating index) of each city ×

20% × (2/3) × ((8 + ((10-8) × (289-250) / (500-250))) / 10) × (6 × (1 / √3) / 4) = 9.6%

Non-Expansion Fees

Due to its structural advantages, each zone of the six cities can be designated only in two directions, one for each side of the road and the other for each side of the road.

Back road rate × lane ratio × smoke equipment of four cities

12.5% × (2/3) × (6x × (1 / √3) / 4) = 7.2%

In conclusion, the increase rate of disguise by 16.8% of the road rates of six cities

√ {100 / (100-16.8)} × 100% = 109.6%

Substituting these assumptions in the following proposition 1,

1. The area of a circle with a diameter of 2 is 3.14 (π × 1 × 1), the area of the circumscribed regular hexagon is 3.46 (2√3), and the area of the circumscribed regular square is 4.

Proportion of urban area including roads in four cities: 4 × (1.217 × 1.217) = 5.92

Proportion of urban area including roads in hexagonal cities: 3.46 × (1.096 × 1.096) = 4.16

Urban area ratio of four cities to six cities: 5.92 / 4.16 = 1.42

Invalid area ratio of each city: (5.92-3.14) /3.14×100%=89%

Invalid area ratio of each city: (4.16-3.14) /3.14×100%=32%

Invalid area ratio of four cities to six cities: 89/32 = 2.78

Proportion of road area in each city: 5.92-4 = 1.92

Proportion of road area of hexagonal city: 4.16-3.46 = 0.70

Road area ratio of four cities to six cities: 1.92 / 0.70 = 2.74

In conclusion, the four cities have 2.78 times more space than the six cities (36.0% in the station), the total area of the city area is 1.43 times (70.0% in the station) and 2.74 times the area of the road. 36.4%).

Vehicles and pedestrians in all four cities always bypass the four corners of the street. In addition, obstacles in the driver's field of view during the rotation of the vehicle passing through the intersection is a factor of frequent collision accidents. The bigger problem is that the void space on the main street is transferred to the other side of the area, transforming into the dark space, and promoting the slum of the area.

Next, if we introduce Proposition 2 to compare the average detour distance in the daily vehicle operation of each city,

2. The circumference of a circle with a diameter of 2 is about 6.28 (2π = 2 × 3.14), the circumference of the circumscribed hexagon is 6.93 (12 / √3), and the circumference of the circumscribed square is 8.

Proportion of extension of travel route in each city: 8 × 1.217 = 9.74

Proportional extension of the length of six cities: 6.93 × 1.096 = 7.60

In other words, driving vehicles in four cities will bypass the average road that is about 1.28 times longer than the six cities.

In the case of a four-way city, the traffic signals at the intersections are divided into three directions by four directions of four-way lanes, and one signal cycle is divided into four directions to process each three directions in synchronization. The intersection consists only of the left and right rotation signals in each direction, so that one signal period is divided into three.

The signal waiting time of the vehicles compared between the intersections of two cities is that the number of signal intervals per signal period is 3 units for 4 distances and 2 units for 3 distances. However, the four distances assigned to the right and left turn lanes should be doubled on the same number of roads than the three. In addition, considering the progression delay due to the lane change between right / left / right lanes and the deceleration progression due to the difference in the rotation angle when the intersection passes, the intersection passing rate within one signal period will be more noticeable.

The Optimal Solution of Traffic Signaling System is defined as the way that the vehicle group that passes through each intersection regardless of distance and direction is able to continue to drive without interruption by the traffic signal system of the road network. There is no optimal solution for the traffic signal system of four cities, but the solution exists in six cities with equivalent symmetrical horizontal arrangement.

The reality of the solution is demonstrated for the single hexagonal network (hereinafter abbreviated as road network ) under the collective control of the hexagonal urban traffic signal system according to the present invention under the following prerequisites. However, intersections that do not satisfy the following conditions are excluded and the distance between two adjacent intersections is defined as a section .

1. All sections of the road network consist of two or more one-way lanes, and each intersection has a structure in which three sections in different directions intersect.

2. Each intersection except the intersection of the outer or boundary of the road network is connected to adjacent intersections of the same type through the above three roads.

3. A vehicle's driving path to a remote destination is completed by alternating left and right turns through each intersection.

4. In the above driving route, redundant left / right turns for turning may be exceptionally selected.

5. One signaling period of the road network is the same at any intersection, and one signaling period consists of three signal branches.

6. The driving speed and signal cycle can be adjusted to drive two roads in one signal cycle.

7. Crosswalks at each intersection may be time-divisionally divided by placing a cross-waiting safety zone in the center of the roadway.

According to the above 7 conditions, if the vehicle passing the first intersection in the left turn after departure reaches the next left turn position in one signal cycle after one right turn, the driving condition as described above is reached. To frequency two sections in one signal period is to pass two-thirds section in one signal branch.

The order of the left turn signal for each route at one intersection is determined in the counterclockwise direction according to the number of each route in three directions (see FIG. 5). One intersection is composed of roads in three different directions, but the reciprocating routes that cross the left and right one-way lanes of the same road to each other are denoted by the same number (see FIG. 6). It can be seen that, unlike the four-way road, the six-way road occupies an exclusive route exclusively in each of the six-direction lanes of an intersection (see FIG. 6).

In order to coordinate with each pedestrian crossing signal and to carry out a non-stop driving, there is a method in which three reciprocating routes pass through all intersections of a single road network sequentially by one reciprocating route at a synchronization of one signal branch (see FIG. 7).

Three adjacent intersections of an intersection occupied by a route proceeding left in one direction are occupied by the same route proceeding in the reverse direction. At the same time, the other two routes are turning right or running in a different direction (see FIG. 7).

In the above manner, the signal synchronization of a single road network enables the vehicle groups of each line to continue to run in an uninterrupted manner without having to wait for the intersection signal within one signal cycle.

Favorable effect

The road width of the existing four-member cities is on the expansion day, which is derived from the assumption of the limit of roads for the vehicles entering the intersection at the time of traffic jam. The increase in coaches inevitably forces drivers to choose. Customary drivers, however, inadvertently choose a middle lane. For that reason, the biased allocation of straight lanes leads to a lack of left and right turn lanes, which is another congestion factor. After the intersection signal for each lane is resumed, the obstacles caused by the change of compliance lanes between the right, left and right lanes become a vicious cycle of cumulative congestion.

In addition to eliminating all the obstacles of the aforementioned four cities, the Y-shaped intersection of the six cities is shortened to one minute by a long signal cycle of three minutes before and after the intersection of the four cities, thereby improving the time efficiency of the passage. Drivers can choose a lane uniquely, and when passing through an intersection, the driver reads in advance the situation of the driving direction with a secured clock, and then differentially integrates the rotational angle of 60 degrees by differentiating the gentle arc-shaped progression in the tangential direction. It will drive in a constant speed way. Pedestrians, on the other hand, can safely cross an intersection without the risk of pedestrian obstruction or pedestrian invasion by vehicles for more than half of one signal cycle.

The symmetrically arranged six-section section roads lead to the natural dispersal of vehicles, and the crowding place and public facilities can be arranged in the center of the zone to absorb the congestion of the house. Most stops and unloadings take place on the inner side of the road, so the interference between vehicles on the road is significantly reduced. The two points of the road network remote can be connected to the shortest of geometric equality than in any horizontal arrangement, and the destination points located in different zones through several intersections besides the intersection of the starting point regardless of distance and direction, are synchronized by the intersection signal synchronization. It is possible to reach without stopping.

It is not the best route to connect two points in a straight line, but there will be no driver who chooses a distant detour, such as an urban expressway, for a lane that can drive at an even shortest distance without a signal. The frequent congestion of Interchange on the bypass is emerging as a new traffic problem.

The gentle angles of refraction of all transport routes, such as ground and underground roads and tracks, significantly reduce frictional and power losses due to the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle passing through the refractions. The subway line installed in the basement of the straight road can be connected in parallel to the same level of traffic between the lines, allowing passengers to transfer from one platform to the side. Reduction of stopping frequency and driving time of driving vehicles improves the efficiency of movement, and the reduction of dust and smoke reduces the urban environment.

The entire area of each city is penetrated in six directions by the straight road of each zone, which enables smooth atmospheric circulation and absorbs the boundary curves in the outskirts of the city area in a natural way, resulting in a straight line according to the four-way network structure of existing cities. Significantly reduce civil works for road building.

Six cities will renovate their previous reckless urban planning to solve the daily traffic congestion by increasing the road rate by expanding roads, and drastically reduce the Earth Resources that are wasted in invalid time and space of four cities. Above all, human exchange will be shifted from the outward distribution of the center of the streets to the inward concentration of the center of the square to continue the modern civilization of mankind into the cultural age.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram simply expressing the concept of the present invention. Each unit section divided into hexagonal sections by a section road and a straight road on the back side thereof are indicated by solid lines, and subway lines are indicated by shaded lines. The layout of the ring road and the construction facility is omitted, and the straight road does not actually cross at the center of each zone, but the intersection is left as it is for understanding the concept.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the actual shape of the city to which the present invention is applied, and shows that each zone can be reduced and enlarged and modified according to the surrounding conditions or spaced apart in a series of zones in relation to the road width.

3 and 4 show that the disguise of each zone is enlarged by the area of the road according to the conventional four-corner diagram and the road ratio of the six-corner diagram according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a simplified representation of an intersection of a six-angle network, and shows a direction and sequence (indicated by numbers 1, 2, and 3) for the left turn progress of each lane.

FIG. 6 is a representation of the occupancy state of the point of time at which the intersection of each of the three-way lines traveling each of the six-angle network in the direction of normal station.

Fig. 7 represents the situation of each lane at the time when three quarters of the signal maintenance interval (one signal branch) has passed after the start of the left turn signal for any one of the three routes by synchronizing the intersection of the six angle networks. will be. The intersection is a shaded triangular shape, and the crosswalk with the crossing signal turned on is indicated by a circular point.

<Description of the code | symbol about the principal part of drawing>

102: section road 104: straight road

106: Unit 108: Subway Line

500: intersection 502: pedestrian crossing

504: crossing standby safety zone 506: traffic light

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

The average size of a unit area of a hexagonal city can be determined by the area of the city and the density of the population. Assuming that the length of one section for the best embodiment of the present invention is 450 m (meters), when vehicles travel each section of the road network at a speed of 50 to 70 km (km), approximately 60 at a two section 900 m frequency Since it takes seconds, one signal branch will be about 20 seconds by dividing one signal period into three.

1 If a group of vehicles traveling in one direction during a signal branch passes through the intersection at an average speed of 60 km / h without waiting for a signal, the distance between the vehicle at the head and the rear is about 300 m. The traffic throughput can be estimated.

Based on the inference that the vehicle groups of two lines that are competing for multiple one-way lanes of one road are always isolated from each other with a time difference of 0.5 signal or more, the vehicle group of one line can monopolize all lanes at a certain point before and after the intersection. The detailed traffic system at each angle should be established (see Fig. 7).

On each turn left, the crossing signal of two adjacent crosswalks across the center line of the roadway is turned on, and pedestrians are waiting at the center of the road for half of the crosswalk for each successive front and rear signal stations within one signal period (three signal branches). You can cross completely through the safety zone. At this time, the net waiting time of the pedestrians in the cross-waiting safety zone is 0 or 0.5 signal branch depending on the position of the crosswalk. In addition, vehicles in the U-turn waiting zone of the section can be reversed after crossing the section road for approximately 1.5 signal quarters, and the entry / exit vehicles between the section road and each side road can also be passed.

During the 1 signal cycle in both left and right sections of a road, the location and size of the reverse base station can be determined by the fact that there is a point in time when the entire road is gradually left in a state in which the entire road is completely absent from the intersection with the straight road in the center of the section. .

On the other hand, vehicles that were waiting to cross the road from the intersection at the middle of each section of road to the straight road could likewise cross over to the straight road across the course of about 1.5 signals, and at the same time each pedestrian could cross the area. You can cross the road.

Embodiment for Invention

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make various modifications and changes without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical idea of the present invention but to describe the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention should be interpreted by the following claims, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

In the fact that six cities can secure about 30% less land than four cities of the same effective area by improving land use efficiency, the present invention can be applied to new urban areas as well as to existing four cities. The characteristics of the hexagonal cities can be realized through full-scale redevelopment of the long-term regional division of Korea or partial road network remodeling.

Hexagonal cities are also orthogonal to the section roads, like four-cornered cities, and six straight roads passing through the center of each zone are radially arranged at equal angles to each other (see FIG. 1). If you map the main roads of the existing four triangular cities arranged in parallel with each one of the straight roads in one direction, and project the area that can be reconstructed by the Y-shaped intersection structure on the city map, you can build the hexagonal network with minimal modification. Plan can be established.

Through such modifications, the following urban planning and urban development innovations can be expected.

First, it can be developed as a series of new urban planning facilities by dividing the width of the existing wide arterial road.

Second, it is possible to raise the level of urban development where the backside of the underdeveloped area emerges as the center of Y-crossing.

Third, it is possible to convert the creation of extra urban area by reducing the invalid space into environmental and economic value.

Claims (8)

In the construction method of the transportation road, Construct each section road formed by connecting the ground road network to the regular structure of the hexagonal network which is the cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb in the whole or a certain area of a city, and the hexagonal shape divided and divided by the section roads of the road network Establish each back road inside the unit area, and arrange the main buildings and facilities in each area divided by the back roads in accordance with the topographical and geographical characteristics of the individual unit area, and make a passage between them. A method of building a transportation traffic route, comprising: building a road in connection with a road. The method of claim 1, wherein the back road Six straight roads connected to the section road through the center of each side of the unit zone at the center of the unit zone, and intersected with the straight roads inside the unit zone, respectively arranged at appropriate intervals. Construction method of a transportation traffic route comprising a ring road. The method according to claim 1 or 2, And a building including one or more buildings, such as a central plaza of a specific area or a public facility or a public institution that can be used by a large number of people, in a central portion of the unit zone. The method of claim 3, wherein The subway line is installed in the basement of the straight road and the section road, and the subway line can be branched after parallel connection between the subway line of the other line and the same station, and the subway history corresponding to the subway line is the unit area. Method of constructing a transportation traffic road, characterized in that installed in the center of the center or the basement of the intersection of the straight road and the section road. In the method of establishing a transportation system, The ground road network of a specific area is connected by a regular structure of hexagonal network, which is a cross-sectional shape of a honeycomb, and the section roads of the road network are composed of two or more one-way lanes on the left and right of the center line. This central angle is divided into three 360 degrees, and all intersections except the intersection of the road network or a specific boundary are connected to three adjacent intersections each, indicating the allowance for turning left or right for each lane in six directions of the intersection. A method of establishing a traffic system, characterized by setting the traffic signal to correspond one-to-one with each rotation direction. The method of claim 5, wherein One signal period of the traffic signal of all the intersections is composed of three signal branches of equally spaced intervals, and the turn proceeding for the passing vehicle of any one road in a specific order of the three directions of the road constituting the intersection And a traffic signal method configured to allow during the one signal branch, wherein the one signal period corresponds to a time required for a vehicle traveling the road network to pass a distance twice the distance between two adjacent intersections at a specific speed. Method of establishing a traffic system, characterized in that set to. The method of claim 6, At each intersection, the two-way vehicle group which sets the order of allowing the left turn of each road in the counterclockwise rotation direction and reverses the left and right one-way lanes of the same road to each other to synchronize all intersections of the road network with one signal branch The method of establishing a traffic system, characterized in that the left turn to pass through and occupy each intersection alternately. The method of claim 7, wherein At the left turn a crossing signal of two adjacent pedestrian crossings on the left side of the road is initiated, and pedestrians pass completely through the cross-atmospheric safety zone in the middle of the road for half of each continuation of the crosswalk in the one signal period. Method of establishing a traffic system, characterized in that crossing.

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