KR20080033844A - Method for operating internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation and internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for operating internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation and internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- KR20080033844A KR20080033844A KR1020070069152A KR20070069152A KR20080033844A KR 20080033844 A KR20080033844 A KR 20080033844A KR 1020070069152 A KR1020070069152 A KR 1020070069152A KR 20070069152 A KR20070069152 A KR 20070069152A KR 20080033844 A KR20080033844 A KR 20080033844A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
- F02M26/43—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which exhaust from only one cylinder or only a group of cylinders is directed to the intake of the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
- F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
- F02M26/20—Feeding recirculated exhaust gases directly into the combustion chambers or into the intake runners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0276—Actuation of an additional valve for a special application, e.g. for decompression, exhaust gas recirculation or cylinder scavenging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 청구항 1의 전제부에 따른 배기 가스 재순환식 내연기관, 특히 중유로 작동되는 터보 과급식 디젤 내연기관의 작동 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 청구항 11의 전제부에 따른 내연기관에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for operating an exhaust gas recirculating internal combustion engine, in particular a turbocharged diesel internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil, according to the preamble of
실제로, 배기 가스 재순환식, 즉 터보 과급식 내연기관이 공지되어 있다. 배기 가스 재순환식, 즉 터보 과급식 내연기관의 경우 내연기관의 배기 흐름은 배기 터보 과급기의 터빈 내에서 팽창되고, 상기 배기 터보 과급기의 터빈은 압축기를 구동시키며, 상기 압축기는 내연기관에 공급될 연소 공기를 압축시킨다. 배기 터보 과급기의 터빈 상류에서 내연기관의 배기 흐름으로부터 부분 흐름이 인출되어서, 압축된 연소 공기 내로 반송되며, 상기 연소 공기와 혼합된다. 급기와 배기 가스 부분 흐름과의 혼합은 내연기관의 상류에서, 그에 따라 내연기관의 실린더 상류에서 이루어진다. 반송된 배기 가스는 불활성 가스로서 작용하고, 내연기관의 실린더 내의 연소의 분사 온도를 낮추어, 유해 물질의 형성을 줄인다. In practice, exhaust gas recirculation, ie turbocharged internal combustion engines, are known. In the case of exhaust gas recirculation, ie turbocharged internal combustion engines, the exhaust flow of the internal combustion engine is expanded in the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger, the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger drives the compressor, and the compressor is supplied to the internal combustion engine for combustion. Compress the air. A partial flow is withdrawn from the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine upstream of the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger, conveyed into the compressed combustion air and mixed with the combustion air. Mixing of the supply air and the exhaust gas partial flow takes place upstream of the internal combustion engine and thus upstream of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The returned exhaust gas acts as an inert gas, lowers the injection temperature of combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and reduces the formation of harmful substances.
특히, 중유로 작동되는 디젤 내연기관의 경우, 실제로 공지된 상기 배기 가스 재순환 방식은 문제가 있는데, 그 이유는 중유에는 아스팔트, 재 및 황이 다량으로 함유되어 있어서, 중유의 연소시 잔류물이 생기고, 상기 잔류물은 배기 흐름의 반송 부분 흐름과 압축된 연소 공기와의 혼합 후에 연소 공기를 안내하는 부품에 침착됨으로써, 그 기능이 저하된다.In particular, in the case of diesel internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil, the known exhaust gas recirculation method is problematic because heavy oil contains a large amount of asphalt, ash, and sulfur, resulting in residues during combustion of heavy oil, The residue is deposited on the component guiding the combustion air after mixing of the conveying partial flow of the exhaust stream with the compressed combustion air, thereby degrading its function.
이는 내연기관 작동의 연속적이면서 허용될 수 없는 열화를 야기하고, 내연기관의 복잡한 서비스 작업, 특히 세척 작업을 야기할 수 있다.This leads to continuous and unacceptable deterioration of internal combustion engine operation and can lead to complex service work, in particular cleaning operations, of the internal combustion engine.
본 발명의 과제는 새로운 배기 가스 재순환식 내연기관의 작동 방법 및 새로운 내연기관을 제공하는 것이다. 이러한 과제는 청구항 1에 따른 방법에 의해 해결된다.An object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a new exhaust gas recirculating internal combustion engine and a new internal combustion engine. This problem is solved by the method according to
중유로 작동되는 디젤 내연기관의 작동에 특히 적합한, 본 발명에 따른 방법에서는, 배기 가스 재순환을 위하여 반송되는 배기 흐름의 부분 흐름이 직접 내연기관의 실린더 내로 유입된다. 본 발명에 따른 방법에서는 내연기관의 실린더 상류에서 압축된 연소 공기와 배기 가스와의 혼합이 생략되므로, 연소 공기를 안내하는 부품이 오염되지 않을 수 있다.In the method according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for operation of diesel internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil, a partial flow of the exhaust stream conveyed for exhaust gas recirculation is introduced directly into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. In the method according to the present invention, the mixing of the compressed air and the exhaust gas upstream of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is omitted, so that the parts for guiding the combustion air may not be contaminated.
본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따르면, 흡입 행정 동안 배기 흐름 중 냉각된 부분 흐름은 다음과 같이 4 사이클 내연기관의 실린더 내로 유입된다. 즉, 하나 이상의 연소 공기 유입 밸브가 개방될 때 피스톤이 상사점으로부터 하사점의 방향으로 움직이는, 내연기관의 실린더의 흡입 행정 중에, 상기 실린더의 상기 연소 공기 유입 밸브가 하사점에 도달하기 전에 폐쇄되고, 상기 연소 공기 유입 밸브의 폐쇄 후에 흡입 행정 중에, 즉 실린더 내에서 연소 공기의 폭발로 인해 실린더 내의 압력이 배기 가스 재순환 동안의 압력 레벨에 이르거나 또는 배기 가스 재순환 동안의 압력 레벨 미만으로 떨어질 때, 배기 흐름의 냉각된 부분 흐름이 상기 각각의 실린더 내로 유입된다. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooled partial flow of the exhaust stream during the intake stroke is introduced into the cylinder of the four cycle internal combustion engine as follows. That is, during the intake stroke of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the piston moves in the direction of the top dead center from the top dead center when the one or more combustion air inlet valves open and closes before the combustion air inlet valve of the cylinder reaches the bottom dead center. When the pressure in the cylinder reaches the pressure level during exhaust gas recirculation or falls below the pressure level during exhaust gas recirculation during intake stroke after closing of the combustion air inlet valve, ie due to explosion of the combustion air in the cylinder, Cooled partial flow of the exhaust stream is introduced into each of the cylinders.
각각의 실린더 내로 배기 흐름의 냉각된 부분 흐름의 재순환은, 실린더 내의 압력이 배기 가스 재순환 동안의 압력 레벨에 이르면 종료된다.Recirculation of the cooled partial flow of the exhaust stream into each cylinder is terminated when the pressure in the cylinder reaches the pressure level during the exhaust gas recycle.
본 발명에 따른 내연기관은 청구항 11에 규정된다.An internal combustion engine according to the invention is defined in
본 발명의 바람직한 실시예는 종속 청구항 및 이하의 설명에 제시된다. 본 발명의 실시예를 도면을 참고로 구체적으로 설명하지만, 본 발명이 이 실시예에 제한되는 것은 아니다.Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims and the description below. Although an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
본 발명은 배기 가스 재순환식 내연기관, 특히 중유로 작동되는 터보 과급식 디젤 내연기관의 작동 방법에 관한 것이다. 이러한 내연기관에서는 배기 흐름이 터보 과급기에 공급되고, 상기 배기 흐름은 터보 과급기의 터빈에서 팽창된다. 배기 터보 과급기의 터빈은 압축기를 구동시키고, 상기 압축기는 내연기관에 공급될 연소 공기 또는 깨끗한 공기(clean air)를 압축시킨다. 배기 가스 재순환시, 배기 터보 과급기의 터빈 상류에서 내연기관의 배기 흐름으로부터 부분 흐름이 인출된다. 상기 부분 흐름은 배기 냉각기에서 냉각되고 유해 물질 감소를 위해 내연기관으로 재순환된다. 본 발명에 따르면, 배기 흐름의 냉각된 부분 흐름의 재순환은 내연기관의 실린더 내로 직접 이루어진다.The present invention relates to a method of operating an exhaust gas recirculating internal combustion engine, in particular a turbocharged diesel internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil. In such an internal combustion engine exhaust stream is supplied to the turbocharger, which exhaust stream is expanded in the turbine of the turbocharger. The turbine of the exhaust turbocharger drives the compressor, which compresses the combustion air or clean air to be supplied to the internal combustion engine. During exhaust gas recirculation, a partial flow is withdrawn from the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine upstream of the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger. The partial flow is cooled in an exhaust cooler and recycled to the internal combustion engine to reduce harmful substances. According to the invention, the recirculation of the cooled partial flow of the exhaust stream takes place directly into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
본 발명에 따른 방법은 이하에서 도 1을 참고로 하여 4 사이클 내연기관을 예로 하여 상세히 설명된다. 도 1은 4 사이클 내연기관의 실린더에 대한 소위 p(압력)-V(체적) 다이어그램을 도시한다. 4 사이클 내연기관의 실린더의 사이클은 4개의 사이클, 즉 흡입, 압축, 폭발 및 배기의 사이클로 구분된다.The method according to the invention is described in detail below by taking a four cycle internal combustion engine as an example with reference to FIG. 1. 1 shows a so-called p (pressure) -V (volume) diagram for a cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine. The cycle of the cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine is divided into four cycles, that is, a cycle of intake, compression, explosion and exhaust.
도 1의 p-V 다이어그램은 2개의 부분, 즉 소위 고압부(10)와 소위 부하 변동부(11)로 분리된다. 고압부(10)는 작동점 1과 2 사이에 연장하는 압축 행정, 및 작동점 2와 3, 3과 3', 3'과 4, 및 4와 1 사이에 연장하는 폭발 사이클을 포함한다. 부하 변동부(11)는 배기 행정과 흡입 행정을 포함하고, 상기 배기 행정은 작동점 1과 작동점 5 사이에 연장하며, 상기 흡입 행정은 작동점 6과 작동점 1 사이에 연장한다.The pV diagram of FIG. 1 is divided into two parts, the so-called
본 발명에 따른, 내연기관의 실린더 내로의 직접 배기 가스 재순환은 4 사이클 내연기관의 경우 내연기관의 각각의 실린더의 흡입 행정 동안 이루어진다. 흡입 행정 동안 각각의 실린더의 피스톤은 하나 이상의 연소 공기 유입 밸브의 개방시 상사점(OT)(작동점 6)으로부터 하사점(UT)(작동점 1)의 방향으로 움직인다. 흡입 행정 동안, 하사점(UT)에 도달하기 전에, 각각의 실린더의 연소 공기 유입 밸브가 작동점 7에서 폐쇄된다.According to the invention, the direct exhaust gas recirculation into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine takes place during the intake stroke of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine in the case of a four cycle internal combustion engine. During the intake stroke the piston of each cylinder moves in the direction of the top dead center OT (operation point 6) from the top dead center OT (operation point 6) on opening of one or more combustion air inlet valves. During the intake stroke, the combustion air inlet valve of each cylinder is closed at
작동점 7에서 연소 공기 유입 밸브의 폐쇄 후에, 각 실린더의 피스톤은 하사점(UT)의 방향으로 더 이동한다. 이 경우, 실린더 내로 흡입되는 연소 공기가 폭발되므로, 실린더 내의 압력은 흡입된 연소 공기의 압력 pL로부터 감소한다.After closing of the combustion air inlet valve at
흡입 행정의 작동점 8에서 실린더 내의 압력은 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA)에 이르고, 실린더 내의 압력이 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA)에 도달하거나 또는 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA) 미만으로 떨어지면, 배기 흐름의 냉각된 부분 흐름은 직접 내연기관의 각각의 실린더 내로 유입된다.At operating point 8 of the intake stroke, the pressure in the cylinder reaches the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation, and the pressure in the cylinder reaches the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation or is below the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation. Once dropped, the cooled partial flow of the exhaust stream is introduced directly into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
이를 위해, 흡입 행정 동안 각각의 실린더에 할당된 하나 이상의 배기 가스 유입 밸브가 개방된다. 특히, 실린더 내의 압력이 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA)에 이르는 즉시, 또는 실린더 내의 압력이 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA) 미만으로 떨어진 후에 개방된다.For this purpose, one or more exhaust gas inlet valves assigned to each cylinder are opened during the intake stroke. In particular, it is opened as soon as the pressure in the cylinder reaches the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation, or after the pressure in the cylinder drops below the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation.
내연기관의 실린더 내로 직접 배기 가스의 재순환은 각각의 실린더 내의 압력이 다시 배기 가스 재순환의 압력 레벨(pA)에 이를 때 종료된다. 이러한 종료는 흡입 행정 중 하사점(UT)에 도달하기 전에, 하사점(UT)에 도달할 때 또는 하사점(UT)에 도달한 후에, 그에 따라 압축 행정 동안 이루어질 수도 있다. 이를 위해, 각각의 실린더에 할당 배치된 배기 가스 유입 밸브는 폐쇄된다.Recycling the exhaust gas directly into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine ends when the pressure in each cylinder again reaches the pressure level pA of the exhaust gas recirculation. This termination may be made before reaching bottom dead center UT during the intake stroke, when reaching bottom dead center UT or after reaching bottom dead center UT, and thus during the compression stroke. For this purpose, the exhaust gas inlet valve assigned to each cylinder is closed.
실린더의 영역에서 국부적 압력 차이가 거의 없기 때문에, 배기 가스 재순환은 실린더 헤드의 영역에서 또는 각각의 실린더의 실린더 라이너 영역에서 내연기관의 실린더 내로 직접 이루어질 수 있다.Since there is little local pressure difference in the region of the cylinder, exhaust gas recirculation can take place directly into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine in the region of the cylinder head or in the region of the cylinder liner of each cylinder.
본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따르면, 배기 냉각기의 오염 위험을 감소시키기 위해, 배기 흐름으로부터 유도된 부분 흐름이 배기 가스 냉각기 내로 유입되기 전에 배기 스크러버에 공급된다. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to reduce the risk of contamination of the exhaust cooler, a partial flow derived from the exhaust stream is supplied to the exhaust scrubber before entering the exhaust gas cooler.
본 발명은 중유로 작동되는 디젤 내연기관의 작동에 특히 적합하지만, 오토(Otto) 내연기관에도 적용될 수 있다. 본 발명에 따른 방법은 내연기관의 작동을 위해 사용되는 연료 종류와는 관계없다.The present invention is particularly suitable for operation of diesel internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil, but can also be applied to Otto internal combustion engines. The method according to the invention is independent of the type of fuel used for the operation of the internal combustion engine.
전술한 바와 같이, 내연기관의 실린더 내로 배기 가스의 직접적인 유입을 위해, 하나 이상의 배기 가스 유입 밸브가 각각의 실린더에 할당 배치된다. 배기 가 스 유입 밸브는 본 발명에 따라 개방 및 폐쇄되기 위해, 기계식으로 캠을 통해 또는 전기식으로 또는 전자식으로 제어될 수 있다.As described above, for the direct inflow of exhaust gas into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, one or more exhaust gas inlet valves are assigned to each cylinder. The exhaust gas inlet valve can be controlled mechanically via a cam or electrically or electronically to open and close according to the invention.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 재순환식 내연기관의 작동 방법을 설명하기 위한 p-V 다이어그램.1 is a p-V diagram for explaining the operating method of the exhaust gas recirculation internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
1, 2, 3, 3', 4, 5, 6, 7, 8: 작동점 10: 고압부1, 2, 3, 3 ', 4, 5, 6, 7, 8: Operating point 10: High pressure part
11: 부하 변동부11: load fluctuation part
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DE2061622A1 (en) * | 1970-12-15 | 1972-07-06 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Internal combustion engine |
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JPH05157008A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-22 | Mazda Motor Corp | Engine |
JPH08319902A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1996-12-03 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Egr device for engine |
DE19541362C1 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-01-23 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Exhaust gas feedback system for turbocharged diesel engine |
JP2000038962A (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-08 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Egr cooler and egr device with egr cooler |
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