KR20080005687A - A dc/dc converter circuit for a vehicle's digital amplifier - Google Patents

A dc/dc converter circuit for a vehicle's digital amplifier Download PDF

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KR20080005687A
KR20080005687A KR1020060064333A KR20060064333A KR20080005687A KR 20080005687 A KR20080005687 A KR 20080005687A KR 1020060064333 A KR1020060064333 A KR 1020060064333A KR 20060064333 A KR20060064333 A KR 20060064333A KR 20080005687 A KR20080005687 A KR 20080005687A
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South Korea
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current
converter
output
boost
converter circuit
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KR1020060064333A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100820461B1 (en
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김영수
문건우
김정은
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현대자동차주식회사
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries

Abstract

A DC/DC converter circuit for a vehicle digital amplifier is provided to decrease an EMI(ElectroMagnetic Interference) and a switching noise by decreasing the maximum value of the current. A DC/DC converter circuit for a vehicle digital amplifier includes a boost converter which is connected to a half-bridge converter. Input terminals of the boost and half-bridge converters are asymmetrically controlled with respect to each other. Output terminals of rectifying diodes(D1,D2) are connected in a voltage doubler configuration. Current stress mitigating capacitors(C1,C2) are added in parallel to the output terminals of the rectifying diodes, so that a ramp current is changed into a square current and the maximum value of the current is decreased.

Description

차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 ＤＣ/ＤＣ 컨버터 회로 {a DC/DC converter circuit for a vehicle's digital amplifier }DC / DC converter circuit for a vehicle's digital amplifier}

도 1은 종래의 한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로도1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional DC / DC converter

도 2는 종래의 다른 DC/DC 컨버터 회로도Figure 2 is another conventional DC / DC converter circuit diagram

도 3은 본 발명의 한 실시예의 회로도3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;

< 도면 중 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 ><Description of Symbols for Main Parts in Drawings>

D1, D2 : 정류 다이오드 C1, C2 : 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터D 1 , D 2 : rectifier diode C 1 , C 2 : current stress reduction capacitor

VS : 전원 배터리 LIN : 부스트(boost) 인덕터V S : Power Battery L IN : Boost Inductor

CB : 부스트(boost) 커패시터 QM : 주 스위치C B : Boost Capacitor Q M : Main Switch

QA : 보조 스위치 CS : 블로킹(blocking) 커패시터Q A : Auxiliary Switch C S : Blocking Capacitor

Llkg : 누설 인덕턴스 C01, C02 : 출력 커패시터L lkg : Leakage inductance C 01 , C 02 : Output capacitor

본 발명은 차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로에 관한 것으로, 더 자세하게는 출력단에 마련되는 두 개의 정류다이오드에 각각 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(Current Stress Reduction Capacitors)를 추가 설치하여 전류의 최대값을 감소시킴으로써 기존 전원장치에서 발생될 수 있는 전원효율감소를 줄일 수 있도록 한 것에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a DC / DC converter circuit for a vehicle digital amplifier power supply, and more specifically, by installing current stress reduction capacitors (Current Stress Reduction Capacitors) in each of the two rectifier diodes provided at the output stage to increase the maximum value of the current The present invention relates to reducing power efficiency reduction that may occur in existing power supplies.

도 1에는 차량용 아날로그 및 디지털 오디오 시스템에 많이 사용되고 있는 종래의 한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로가 도시되어 있다.Figure 1 shows one conventional DC / DC converter circuit that is commonly used in automotive analog and digital audio systems.

도 1과 같이 종래의 컨버터 회로는 입력단이 부스트(boost) 컨버터, 출력단이 푸시풀(push-pull) 컨버터로 구성된 두 단(two-stage) 구조를 가지며, 이렇듯 두 단 구조이기 때문에 부스트(boost) 컨버터와 푸시풀(push-pull) 컨버터 각 단의 최적 동작이 가능함은 물론 입력 전류가 연속적이기 때문에 입력 필터의 크기를 최소화 할 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional converter circuit has a two-stage structure in which an input stage is a boost converter and an output stage is a push-pull converter. Optimal operation of each stage of the converter and push-pull converter is possible, as well as the input current is continuous, minimizing the size of the input filter.

또한 상기 종래의 컨버터 회로는 변압기의 평균 자화 전류가 0이므로 변압기의 크기를 최소화시킬 수 있는 장점도 갖고 있다.In addition, the conventional converter circuit has an advantage of minimizing the size of the transformer because the average magnetizing current of the transformer is zero.

그러나 상기 종래의 차량 오디오 시스템의 컨버터 회로에서는 자기 소자(magnetic component)와 반도체 소자를 많이 사용하기 때문에 도통 손실과 생산비용이 증가하게 되고, 온보드(on-board) 회로의 크기가 커지는 단점이 있다.However, the converter circuit of the conventional vehicle audio system uses a large number of magnetic components and semiconductor elements, so that the conduction loss and the production cost are increased, and the size of the on-board circuit is increased.

그리고 회로를 구현할 때 사용되는 스위치와 다이오드가 하드 스위칭 (hard- switching)하기 때문에 심각한 EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) 및 스위칭 잡음이 발생하게 되며, 이는 디지털 카 오디오 앰프의 음질이 저하되는 결과를 초래한다.In addition, hard-switching of the switches and diodes used in the implementation of the circuit results in severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) and switching noise, which results in deterioration of the sound quality of the digital car audio amplifier.

더구나 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 스너버 회로(snubber circuit)를 추가할 경우 효율이 크게 감소하게 된다.Moreover, adding a snubber circuit to solve this problem will greatly reduce the efficiency.

도 2에는 도 1에 도시된 종래 기술의 단점을 극복하기 위한 종래의 다른 DC/DC 컨버터 회로가 도시되어 있다.Figure 2 shows another conventional DC / DC converter circuit to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art shown in Figure 1.

도 2와 같이 종래의 다른 컨버터에서 입력단은 비대칭으로 제어되는 하프 브리지(half-bridge) 컨버터에 부스트(boost) 컨버터가 결합되어 있고, 출력단은 볼테지 더블러(voltage doubler) 형태의 정류 다이오드를 채용하고 있다.In another conventional converter as shown in FIG. 2, a boost converter is coupled to a half-bridge converter whose input stage is asymmetrically controlled, and the output stage employs a rectifier diode of voltage doubler type. Doing.

상기 종래의 다른 컨버터 회로는 스위치와 정류 다이오드가 모두 소프트 스위칭(soft-switching) 하기 때문에 낮은 EMI 및 스위칭 잡음이 발생하고, 변압기의 평균 자화 전류가 0이 되어 크기가 작은 변압기 사용이 가능하며, 부피가 큰 출력 인덕터(inductor) 대신 부피가 작은 커패시터(capacitor), CSA, CSB을 사용하여 전체적으로 회로의 크기가 작아지는 장점이 있다.Other conventional converter circuits have low EMI and switching noise because both the switch and the rectifier diode are soft-switched, and the average magnetization current of the transformer is zero, so that a small transformer can be used. Instead of using a large output inductor, a small capacitor, CSA, and CSB are used to reduce the overall circuit size.

또한 입력 배터리에서 흘러나오는 전류가 연속적이기 때문에 온보드(on-board) 회로를 구현할 때 작은 크기의 입력 필터 구현이 가능하다.In addition, the current flowing from the input battery is continuous, enabling small input filters when implementing on-board circuits.

상기 종래의 다른 컨버터 회로에서는 회로의 부피를 줄이기 위해 출력 인덕터를 제거하는 대신 두 개의 커패시터를 채용하여 기존의 정류 다이오드와 함께 볼테지 더블러(voltage doubler) 형태로 출력단을 구성하고 있는 바, 그 결과 회로의 부피가 작고 다이오드의 전압 스트레스가 낮아지는 장점을 갖게 되지만 출력 인덕터의 제거로 인하여 변압기 1차 측과 2차 측에 램프(ramp) 형태의 전류가 흐름으로써 전류 최대값이 증가하게 되는 문제가 있고, 이는 잠재적으로 컨버터 효율을 감소시키는 결과를 초래한다. In another conventional converter circuit, instead of removing the output inductor to reduce the volume of the circuit, two capacitors are used to form an output stage in the form of a voltage doubler together with a conventional rectifier diode. Although the circuit is small in volume and the voltage stress of the diode is lowered, the current maximum value is increased due to the ramp current flowing in the transformer primary and secondary sides due to the elimination of the output inductor. This potentially results in reduced converter efficiency.

본 발명은 상기 종래의 실정을 감안하여 안출한 것이며, 그 목적이 램프(ramp) 형태의 전류 파형을 스퀘어(square) 형태로 바꾸어줌으로써 전류의 최대값을 감소시켜 컨버터 효율을 향상시킬 수 있도록 하는 차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로를 제공하는 데에 있는 것이다.The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional situation, and its purpose is to change the current waveform in the form of a ramp into a square shape, thereby reducing the maximum value of the current to improve the converter efficiency. It is to provide a DC / DC converter circuit for the digital amplifier power supply.

본 발명은 상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 전원장치의 출력단에 흐르는 전류 최대값을 줄이기 위하여 출력단에 마련되는 두 개의 정류다이오드에 각각 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(Current Stress Reduction Capacitors)를 추가 설치함으로써 램프(ramp) 형태의 출력 전류 파형을 스퀘어(square) 형태로 바꿔주는 것을 특징으로 하며, 이하 그 구체적인 기술내용을 첨부도면에 의해 더욱 자세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a current stress reduction capacitor (Current Stress Reduction Capacitors) in each of the two rectifier diodes provided in the output stage to reduce the maximum current flowing in the output stage of the power supply (ramp) Characterized in that the output current waveform of the form of a square (square), and the following detailed description of the technical details by the accompanying drawings as follows.

즉, 도 3에는 본 발명의 한 실시예의 회로도가 도시되어 있는 바, 본 발명은 전술한 도 2의 컨버터 회로에서 전류 최대값을 줄이기 위하여 램프(ramp) 형태의 전류 파형을 스퀘어(square) 형태의 전류 파형으로 바꾸어줌으로서 전류 최대값을 저감할 수 있도록 한 것으로, 출력단의 두 개의 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)에 병렬로 외부에서 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1, C2)를 추가 설치하는 것을 특징으로 한다.That is, FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In order to reduce the current maximum value in the converter circuit of FIG. The maximum current can be reduced by changing the current waveform. An external current stress reduction capacitor (C 1 , C 2 ) is additionally installed in parallel to two rectifying diodes (D 1 , D 2 ) at the output stage. It is characterized by.

도 3과 같이 본 발명의 차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로는 도 2의 종래 기술과 마찬가지로 입력단이 비대칭으로 제어되는 하프 브리지(half-bridge) 컨버터에 부스트(boost) 컨버터가 결합된 형태로 구성되고, 출력단이 볼테지 더블러(voltage doubler) 형태의 정류 다이오드를 채용하고 있다.As shown in FIG. 3, a DC / DC converter circuit for a vehicle digital amplifier power supply of the present invention is a form in which a boost converter is coupled to a half-bridge converter in which an input stage is asymmetrically controlled as in the conventional art of FIG. 2. The output stage employs a voltage doubler type rectifier diode.

이를 구체적으로 살펴보면 입력단에는 차량용 전원 배터리(VS), 부스트(boost) 인덕터 (LIN), 부스트(boost) 커패시터(CB)가 놓여져 있으며, 주 스위치(QM)과 보조 스위치(QA), 하프 브리지(half-bridge) 컨버터의 블로킹(blocking) 커패시터(CS)를 구비한다.Specifically, a vehicle power battery (V S ), a boost inductor (L IN ), and a boost capacitor (C B ) are disposed at an input terminal, and a main switch (Q M ) and an auxiliary switch (Q A ) are disposed. And a blocking capacitor C S of a half-bridge converter.

그리고 입력단과 출력단 사이에는 누설 인덕턴스(Llkg), 자화 인덕턴스(Lm), 그리고 1차측 2차측 권선 수가 각각 N1, N2인 변압기(Transformer)가 놓여져 있다.Between the input terminal and the output terminal, a leakage inductance (L lkg ), a magnetizing inductance (L m ), and a transformer having a number of primary secondary windings N 1 and N 2 are placed.

출력단에는 전류 스트레스를 감소시키기 위한 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1, C2)가 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)에 병렬로 각각 연결되어 있고, 출력 커패시터(C01, C02)가 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)의 전류 경로에 각각 직렬로 놓여 있으며, 출력 부하 저항(RO)을 구비한다.At the output terminal, current stress reducing capacitors C 1 and C 2 are respectively connected in parallel to the rectifying diodes D 1 and D 2 to reduce the current stress, and the output capacitors C 01 and C 02 are connected to the rectifying diodes ( D 1 , D 2 ) are placed in series in the current path, respectively, and have an output load resistor R O.

상기와 같이 구성된 본 발명에 있어서는 변압기의 1차측, 2차측 전류 파형이 스퀘어 웨이브(square-wave) 형태를 가짐으로써 램프 웨이브(ramp-wave) 형태의 전류 파형을 갖는 도 2의 종래 기술보다 전류 최대값이 감소되며, 자세한 동작 설명은 다음과 같다.In the present invention configured as described above, the primary side and secondary side current waveforms of the transformer have a square wave shape, so that the current maximum is larger than that of the prior art of FIG. 2 having a ramp wave shape current waveform. The value is reduced and detailed operation description is as follows.

먼저 주 스위치(QM)가 켜지면 제1 정류 다이오드(D1)가 도통되기 전에 제1 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1)를 방전시키고 제2 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C2)를 충전시키기 위해 2차 측에서 순간적으로 큰 전류를 요구하게 되며, 이러한 이유로 1차 측에서도 순간적으로 큰 전류가 공급되게 된다.First, when the main switch Q M is turned on, the first current stress reducing capacitor C 1 is discharged and the second current stress reducing capacitor C 2 is charged before the first rectifying diode D 1 becomes conductive. On the vehicle side, instantaneous large currents are required, and for this reason, on the primary side, instantaneous large currents are supplied.

그런 다음 제1 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1)에 쌓인 전하를 완전히 방전시키고 제2 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C2)에 전하를 완전히 충전시키고 나면 제1 정류 다이오드(D1)가 도통되어 전류는 완만한 기울기를 갖고 서서히 증가하게 된다. 마지막으로 주 스위치(QM)가 꺼지면 전류가 급격히 감소한다.Then, after completely discharging the charge accumulated in the first current stress reducing capacitor C 1 and fully charging the second current stress reducing capacitor C 2 , the first rectifying diode D 1 is turned on so that the current is gentle. It will increase slowly with one slope. Finally, when the main switch (Q M ) is turned off, the current sharply decreases.

이와 같은 같은 방식으로 보조 스위치(QA)가 켜지는 경우에도 전류가 스퀘어 웨이브(square-wave) 형태를 갖게 된다.In this way, even when the auxiliary switch Q A is turned on, the current has a square-wave shape.

한편 DC/DC 컨버터 회로에서 전류의 최대값이 감소하면 전류의 RMS(Root-Mean-Square) 값이 낮아지는데, 이는 잠재적으로 회로의 도통 손실을 감소시킬 수 있다.On the other hand, decreasing the maximum value of the current in a DC / DC converter circuit lowers the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the current, which can potentially reduce the conduction loss of the circuit.

이상에서와 같이 본 발명은 출력단의 두 개의 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)에 병렬로 외부에서 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1, C2)를 추가 설치한 것으로, 본 발명에 의하면 전류 최대값을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 종래 컨버터 회로가 갖는 장점을 그대로 유지할 수 있게 되므로 스위치와 정류 다이오드의 소프트 스위칭으로 인한 낮은 EMI 및 스위칭 잡음을 갖고, 부피가 작은 on-board 회로 제작이 가능하며, 또한 부피가 작은 입력 필터 사용이 가능하다.As described above, the present invention additionally installs the current stress reduction capacitors C 1 and C 2 externally in parallel to the two rectifying diodes D 1 and D 2 at the output stage. It not only reduces, but also retains the advantages of conventional converter circuits, resulting in low EMI and switching noise due to soft switching of switches and rectifier diodes, enabling the manufacture of bulky on-board circuits, and also the small input volume. Filter can be used.

또한 본 발명의 컨버터 회로는 스위칭 손실 및 도통 손실이 최소화되고 높은 효율을 가지며, 자기 소자 및 반도체 소자의 수가 적어 작은 크기의 회로 제작이 가능하며, 발생되는 EMI 및 스위칭 잡음이 적어 차량용 디지털 오디오 앰프의 전원 공급 장치 및 배터리를 전원으로 사용하는 전원 공급 장치 등에 널리 적용할 수 있다.In addition, the converter circuit of the present invention minimizes switching loss and conduction loss, has high efficiency, enables the manufacture of a small size circuit due to the small number of magnetic elements and semiconductor elements, and reduces the generated EMI and switching noise. It can be widely applied to a power supply and a power supply using a battery as a power source.

Claims (2)

입력단이 비대칭으로 제어되는 하프 브리지(half-bridge) 컨버터에 부스트(boost) 컨버터가 결합된 형태로 구성되고, 출력단이 볼테지 더블러(voltage doubler) 형태의 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)를 채용하는 것에 있어서, 상기 출력단의 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)에 병렬로 외부에서 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1, C2)를 추가 설치하여 램프(ramp) 형태의 전류 파형을 스퀘어(square) 형태로 바꿔줌으로써 전류의 최대값을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로.It is composed of a half-bridge converter in which the input stage is controlled asymmetrically and a boost converter, and the output stage is a voltage doubler type rectifier diode (D 1 , D 2 ). In this case, a current stress reduction capacitor C 1 , C 2 is additionally installed in parallel to the rectifying diodes D 1 , D 2 of the output terminal to square the current waveform in the form of a ramp. A DC / DC converter circuit for a vehicle digital amplifier power supply, characterized by reducing the maximum value of the current by changing the shape. 제1항에 있어서, 입력단에는 차량용 전원 배터리(VS), 부스트(boost) 인덕터 (LIN), 부스트(boost) 커패시터(CB)가 놓여져 있고, 주 스위치(QM)과 보조 스위치(QA), 하프 브리지(half-bridge) 컨버터의 블로킹(blocking) 커패시터(CS)가 구비되며, 입력단과 출력단 사이에는 누설 인덕턴스(Llkg), 자화 인덕턴스(Lm), 그리고 1차측 2차측 권선 수가 각각 N1, N2인 변압기(Transformer)가 놓여져 있고, 출력단에는 전류 스트레스를 감소시키기 위한 전류 스트레스 감소 커패시터(C1, C2)가 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)에 병렬로 각각 연결되어 있고, 출력 커패시터(C01, C02)가 정류 다이오드(D1, D2)의 전류 경로에 각각 직렬로 놓여 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 디지털앰프 전원을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 회로.The vehicle power supply battery V S , a boost inductor L IN , and a boost capacitor C B are disposed at an input terminal, and the main switch Q M and the auxiliary switch Q are disposed in the input terminal. A ), a blocking capacitor (C S ) of a half-bridge converter, with leakage inductance (L lkg ), magnetizing inductance (L m ), and primary secondary windings between the input and output terminals. Transformers with numbers N 1 and N 2 are placed, and at the output stage, current stress reducing capacitors C 1 and C 2 are connected in parallel to the rectifying diodes D 1 and D 2 to reduce current stress. And the output capacitors C 01 and C 02 are placed in series in the current paths of the rectifying diodes D 1 and D 2 , respectively.
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