KR20070097622A - Soil improver with white-rot fungi and methods of using thereof for plant restoration and recover of heavy metals contaminated soil around abandoned mine area - Google Patents

Abstract

A soil improver is provided to restore vegetation in an abandoned mine area broken by a low pH and lack of nutrients, to reduce exposure of a slant in an abandoned mine area, and to inhibit heavy metals from dissolving into soil or a river around in an abandoned mine area. A soil improver comprises sludge and decomposed saw dust, and further comprises at least 10^7 white-rot fungi per unit gram of the sludge and decomposed saw dust. Particularly, the white-rot fungus is at least one selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete sordida, Trametes hirsutus, Fusarium culmorum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Deposition No. KCCM 10725P.

Description

SOIL IMPROVER WITH WHITE-ROT FUNGI AND METHODS OF USING THEREOF FOR PLANT RESTORATION AND RECOVER OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATED SOIL AROUND ABANDONED MINE AREA}

Figure 1 shows the change in temperature according to whether the white wood rot fungi as a maturity promoting microorganism.

Figure 2 shows the chlorophyll content difference of the selected trees according to the fertilizer fertilizer application.

Figure 3 shows the growth response of the selected trees according to the fertilizer fertilizer application.

 (A) 0cc soil improver treatment; (B) 500cc soil improver

Figure 4 shows the development of the ground and underground root zone of the selected trees according to the fertilizer application. (A) 0cc soil improver treatment; (B) the soil improver 500cc treatment; (C) the soil improver 1000cc treatment

Figure 5 shows the difference in microbial vitality in the coal soil according to the fertilizer fertilizer application investigated using the cellulose fabric assay method.

Figure 6 shows the change in the concentration of harmful heavy metals in the runoff over time after fertilizer application.

 The present invention relates to a soil improving agent and a method of using the same, and the soil improving agent prepared according to the present invention promotes plant growth of abandoned mine forests, and promotes the removal of heavy metals from the abandoned mines by the plants. More specifically, the present invention relates to a soil improving agent prepared by adding white rot fungi capable of decomposing sawdust to raw materials of sewage sludge and sawdust, wherein the soil improving agent promotes plant growth of waste mine forests and removes heavy metals from waste mines. Has an excellent effect on removal.

In Korea, a large amount of sludge occurs due to the increase in the amount of sewage and wastewater caused by the increase in water consumption due to industrial development and improved living standards. Sludge is one of the contaminants, and it is solidified by treatment such as concentration, dehydration, and drying so as not to pollute the external environment, and it is disposed in the ground or transported by sludge transporter to be disposed of in the distant ocean to treat sludge. As a result, a lot of expenses are required, and environmental pollution of soil and ocean occurs.

Sludge contains many kinds of low concentrations of pollutants, but only 2.9% of sludge is recycled even though it contains a large amount of organic substances and is worth as an organic resource. In Korea, there is an example of studying the synergistic effect caused by combining and recycling agricultural and livestock by-products, or by mixing it with sewage sludge and using it as agricultural fertilizer and mine damage soil and sewage sludge. It was.

Techniques for producing soil improving agent using activated sludge and sawdust are disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 1999-0023234, Korean Patent Application No. 2000-0028866, Korean Patent Application No. 2000-0008634, Korean Patent Application No. 1997-0075288, The technique of adding sawdust and yeast bacteria to activated sludge is disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 1995-0007037.

As mentioned above, the technology of adding sawdust to sludge to promote slaughter is to increase the air permeability by putting sawdust into the sludge, but the sawdust is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, so that only certain microorganisms producing cellulase and ligninase This decomposition is hardly decomposable, there was a problem not acquainted with the environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature during the housing. In order to solve this problem, the present inventors have found that the addition of white fungi capable of decomposing sawdust and sawdust in the early stages of maturation resulted in vigorous maturation and completed the invention.

 In order to solve the problems of the above technology, an object of the present invention is to prepare a soil improver that is sludge and sawdust added raw material is fast, sufficiently mature. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring the vegetation by improving the soil of the waste mine using the soil improving agent. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing heavy metals from waste paper using the soil improving agent.

For this purpose, a first aspect of the present invention provides a soil improver comprising sludge and sawdust degradation products, comprising 10 ⁷ or more white woody mildew fungi per gram of sludge and sawdust degradation products. If the sludge and sawdust decomposition products are less than 10 ⁷ grams per unit gram of sawdust, it will result in a slower or insufficiently mature sawdust.

White wood fungi are fungi that can degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in wood. White wood fungi can be selected from the genus Trametes , Pleurotus , Phanerochaete , Fusarium , and Phanerochaete . More preferably, it may include one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete sordida, Trametes hirsutus, Fusarium culmorum, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium .

The land modifying agent of the present invention is obtained by ripening a mixture of sludge and additive material, preferably such that the initial water content is in the range of 65 to 67% at an appropriate temperature.

After the sludge and sawdust were mixed, normal housing was progressed based on the housing temperature in the initial water content range of 65 ~ 67%, and the sawdust mixing ratio was 30, 40, 50%. The maximum cooking temperature of sawdust 30% was about 52 ℃, the sawdust 40% was about 54 ℃ and sawdust 50% was about 69 ℃, and the organic content before cooking was 60, 63 and 67%, respectively. As a result, the organic matter content was positively correlated with the maximum temperature of the house. However, when the water content of the sludge becomes more than 79%, even if the sawdust mixing ratio is 30%, the initial moisture content is over 65 ~ 67%, which is suitable for housing, and the housing temperature does not rise above 50 ℃. Therefore, it was concluded that the proper mixing ratio between the maturation materials should be judged by the initial mixing moisture content (65 ~ 67%).

The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a soil improver, inoculating a substrate comprising sludge and sawdust, inoculated with white woody mildew. The white wood fungus provides a soil improving agent manufacturing method characterized in that any one or more selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete sordida, Trametes hirsutus, Fusarium culmorum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Accession No. KCCM 10725P. . In addition to the white wood fungi may include inoculating sludge fermented bacteria additionally.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring a vegetation, wherein the soil improving agent is introduced into the soil of waste mines. Preferably it provides a method of covering the soil improver on the coal soil so that the ratio of the soil improver to the coal soil of the topsoil of the waste mine is at least 25% by weight.

In the present invention, when the soil is formed from the base material by soil production, a clear layer is developed to a certain extent. Especially, the soil surface is strongly influenced by the climate, and the differentiation of the layer occurs actively to form a layered section. The cross section is ① rock layer (R layer), ② base material layer (C layer) which is hardly affected by soil production, ③ integrated layer (B layer) where various substances are deposited and accumulated in soil, ④ mineral is corroded. It is composed of dark black dissolution layer (A layer) ⑤ mixed with organic substance (O layer) at the top. Among these, the topsoil is a dark black dissolution layer (A layer) in which corroded organic matter is mixed with minerals. This layer is suitable for plant growth due to its excellent nutrient absorption and retention capacity. The topsoil is 30cm on average and 1m thick.

A fourth aspect of the present invention includes the steps of introducing the soil improving agent into the soil of the abandoned mine; And it provides a method for removing heavy metal heavy metal waste, characterized in that comprising planting a plant capable of removing the heavy metal in the soil introduced with the soil improving agent. More preferably, the soil modifier is coated on the coal soil so that the ratio of the soil modifier to the coal soil of the topsoil of the waste mine is 25% by weight or more. The plant is capable of removing heavy metals, birch, giant tree, pine, ash, hemberry, rhododendron, birches, albatross, azaleas, holly, birch, willow, alder, noodle, peony One or more from the group consisting of bark, bark, buckthorn, zelkova and blood.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the following Examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited by the Examples.

Example 1 Preparation of Soil Modifier

If the amount of sawdust is very high (more than 90%) and the amount of sawdust input (more than 70% of sawdust is added), the selection is based on the medium and high temperature microorganisms among the microorganisms selected for each period of stay (by temperature). One dominant species and white fungus were mixed in about 5% of the total input of sawdust, which is a mixed material, and microorganisms were multiplied in the early stages of ripening to investigate the change of ripening temperature, ripening process and physicochemical characteristics (organic matter, water content, pH, C / N). The results are shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1 .

Table 1 . Physicochemical Properties of White Wood Strains in Medium and High Temperature Microorganisms

As a result of physicochemical characterization according to the addition of white wood fungi to medium and high temperature microorganisms, the moisture content decreased from 62.36% to 45.53% and the organic matter content from 51.86% to 25.92%. appear. The prevalence of C (%) was 36.64% and 33.88%, respectively, and it decreased to 29.98% and 31.26%. In view of these results, even in the case of addition of more than 70% of sawdust, both treatment groups (medium- and high-temperature microorganisms + white fungus not added, medium- and high-temperature microorganisms + white fungus) both satisfied the soil product standards. In the case of the treatment of high temperature microorganisms with white fungi, the water content of the final ripened soils was lowered due to the high exothermic reaction (over 50 ℃) in the secondary fermentation process. High housing temperature was maintained. As shown in the graph of temperature change ( FIG. 1 ), the total cooking period is about 60 days, and the cooking period is about twice as long as compared to the low-dust sawdust input (30% of sawdust). Sawdust) and large amounts (more than 70%) were able to produce high quality soil improver by the addition of white fungus, a sawdust decomposition strain.

Example 2 Preparation of Soil Modifier

  An optimal housing process was developed for the mass production of soil improver for restoring abandoned mine paper using sawdust added with sewage sludge and maturation promoting microorganism. The function and role of the production facilities of each process is to collect dehydrated sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant, and to collect sewage sludge and cellulose-degrading white decay bacteria of medium and high temperature microorganisms and sawdust into the sawdust which is mixed soil material. The microorganism is propagated at about 5% and put in the early stage of mixing, and mixed at the proper mixing ratio (initial water content is 65 ~ 67%). The air supply from the bottom of the mixing reactor is forced injection method, which supplies 0.2 liters of air / minute to the primary housing in 1ℓ each, and the volume of the mating soil decreases as the housing progresses. In lodging, the amount of air is reduced to 0.1 l air / min for each 1 l of loess soil. Medium and high temperature microorganisms and white rot bacteria introduced in the mixing tank generate high heat of 65 ℃ or higher in the housing reaction tank, and decompose organic matter and transfer to the after-bath to remove the water and stabilize the ripening process. Go through

Example 3 Vegetation Restoration Method Using Soil Enhancer

(1) Selection of local species for the vegetation restoration of coal waste rock in Taebaek area

end. Hazardous Element Contents in Waterbodies of Naturally Imported Species in Coal Mine Waste Rocks

 The contents of harmful elements in water bodies of trees collected from coal mine wasteland were investigated. The highest concentration was 111.3 mg / kg in Mn and the lowest concentration was 0.21 mg / kg in As. Of the 10 elements, Cd was not detected in the water body.

I. Biological Activities of Local Species in Abandoned Mines

(i) Difference between MDA and H ₂ 0 ₂ content in leaves

MDA is a substance produced by the peroxidation of lipids in vivo and is used as an indicator of the damage level caused by various stresses (Kim and Lee, 1994; Davis and Swanson, 2001). The MDA content measured in the leaves of giant and birch showed significant differences not only between species but also between regions. In particular, the MDA content of the trees and birch in the waste-rock area was higher than those in the forest around the waste-rock land. The results show that the environment in the waste-rock site has several stressors, and the trees in the waste-rock site are affected by various stressors.

The H ₂ 0 ₂ content in the leaves also showed differences between species and regions, but the differences between regions were not as large as the differences between species. In other words, the H ₂ 0 ₂ content of the leaves of the birch showed a difference between the regions, but there was no difference between the H ₂ 0 ₂ regions of the birch leaves. H ₂ 0 ₂ is a powerful oxidizing agent that is produced by the decomposition of O ₂ by SOD attached to the thylakoid membrane, and the concentration of H ₂ 0 ₂ in biological systems is controlled by catalase and peroxidase and maintained at an appropriate level. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is additionally present, in particular the enzyme plays an important role in the removal of H ₂ O ₂ from the chloroplast, a photosynthetic apparatus (Foyer, 1993). In addition, H ₂ 0 ₂ is the characteristic membrane permeability and a relatively photosynthetic apparatus of long service life including PSⅠ and PSⅡ as well may affect the cell-wide, particularly in the case of PSⅡ not protected by the APX H ₂ 0 ₂ Accumulation can cause serious damage (Prasad et al., 1994). That increase in the H ₂ 0 ₂ leaves could be seen that H ₂ 0 ₂ is Geoje trees in the study area, as indicated by an accumulation within the body can be affected by the H larger than the birch. In other words, giant trees are considered more susceptible to stress than birch trees.

(ii) Difference in Activity of Nitrate Reductase and Sulfase in Leaves

The activity of nitrate-reducing enzymes in leaves is used as a criterion for indirectly determining the availability of nitrogen concentration in the soil in which trees are grown. It is also used to judge the response of plants to environmental stresses (Srivastava, 1980; Hogberg et. al., 1986). The nitrate-reducing enzyme activity of certain giant and birch trees in waste-rock sites showed a significant difference between species and regions. The activity of nitrate-reducing enzyme was 129.5μmol / g, which was higher than that of cypress tree, and that of birch and cypress tree growing in forests near waste rock was higher than that of waste wood. The large difference in the activity of nitrate-reducing enzymes among different species may be due to differences in soil conditions and nitrogen utilization efficiency among different species (Adams and Attkwill, 1982; Crick and Grime, 1987). In addition, low nitrate reductase activity in waste wood is related to low nitrogen content in waste-rock soils, and inadequate environmental conditions of waste-rock soils affect enzyme activity by stressing trees growing on waste-rock soils. This may be due to insaneness (Srivastava, 1980).

Antioxidant SOD activity was different between species but not between regions ( Table 2 ).

Table 2. Statistical Analysis of Nitrate Reductase (NR) and SOD Activities, H ₂ O ₂ and MDA Contents in the Leaves of Geophyllum and Birch Grown in the Abandoned Rocks and Surrounding Forests of Taebaek Area

 source F values MDA H2O2 NR SOD Species 52.86 *** 40.54 *** 336.1 *** 15.69 ** Sites 35.57 *** 8.12 * 10.1 * 0.79 Species × Sites 0.09 3.52 5.2 2.09

*, **, *** means there is difference in significance level 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001

However, the trees in the waste rock are affected by various stresses. Nevertheless, the reason why SOD activity, which is a representative defense against stress, is not increased is that there is insufficient supply of energy sources available for defense. In other words, as shown in the decrease of the activity of nitrate-reducing enzyme in the leaves of waste-rock land, the low nitrogen content of waste-rock land could have influenced the production of enzymes involved in stress relief.

(iii) difference in carbohydrate concentration in the leaves

The carbohydrate concentrations measured in the leaves of giant and birch trees in the waste-rock area and forests around the waste-rock area were not different among the species, but there were differences between regions.

However, the carbohydrates in the leaves of the tree were not different among the regions, unlike birch. In the case of birch, the concentration of glucose in the leaves was higher in the forests around the waste-rock than in the waste-rock, but the starch concentration in the leaves was higher in the waste-rock than the surrounding forest.

Decreased glucose concentrations in the leaves of trees in waste-rock are thought to be related to the resistance to stress. The decrease in glucose concentration was due to the fact that glucose was used as a source of NADPH, which is used to maintain the amount of antioxidants (Robinson and Rowland, 1996), and stressors inhibited the hydrolysis of sucrose and failed to replenish the consumed glucose. It seems to be. Under normal conditions starch also accumulates in the leaves during the day, and during night time it is hydrolyzed and converted to sucrose and transported to the sink. However, the increase in starch and total carbohydrate concentrations is often found in contaminated sites, because the contaminants are inhibited by starch hydrolysis and transport of sucrose (Samarakoon and Rauser, 1979). In particular, plants with very low nitrogen supply are known to accumulate more starch on leaves than plants with sufficient nitrogen supply (Ericsson, 1979; Balsberg-Pahlsson, 1989).

Based on the various phenomena in the waste-rock trees of this study, the trees in the waste-rock land show visible damage due to the inhibition of various metabolism and the development of resistance by stress. Tree damage is expected to increase because it does not help to develop resistance to stress. Therefore, in order to prevent damage to trees in the waste-rock and increase resistance to stress, it is urgently required to supply a nutrient used as an energy source of various metabolism.

 All. Selecting and nurturing resistant individuals from mine damage

The selection of resistant species in the mine damage area was based on the results of vegetation survey and water body analysis. Selected species were selected for each species of natural imported individuals in waste-rock land, marked locally, and seeds were collected. As a result of germination test using collected seeds, germination rate was very low. That is, the germination rate of giant tree was less than 12%, and the germination rate of birch was less than 8%. After the germination test was completed, seedlings were planted by species and individuals for the generation of resistant households.

(2) Growth promotion effect by adding soil improving agent

In field applications, it would be almost impossible to achieve uniform mixing with coal soils in the feed of unrefined soils, with coal soils in the lower part of the port (50% volume) and in the upper layers (50% volume). Was prepared in 75%: 25% (v: v), 50%: 50%, 25%: 75%, 0%: 100% ratios, and 45 days after formulating the nursery with strong resistance and good root development The growth of freshly grown pods and the concentration of heavy metals absorbed in leaves and roots were measured. After the experiment, the microbial vitality of the mixed soils and the lower coal soils was examined to investigate the effect of microbial vitality on the lower coal soils according to the fertilization of the upper organic matters, and the heavy metal content remaining in the upper and lower soils was investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of plant nutrition and damage of toxic heavy metals due to the supply of ripened soil along with the appropriate mixing ratio.

After 45 days of cultivation, the roots of the pods were grown to the lower coal soils of all the mixed soils. Table 3 shows the growth results of the freshly examined eggs after the final harvest.

In general, as the organic content of the loam soils increased, the growth of the gat was promoted, and the optimum mixing ratio was found in 50% of the loam soils. Table 4 shows the chlorophyll content and water soluble protein content.

For the statistical analysis of data, the difference between the ANOVA analysis and the mean of each data was distinguished by Duncan's multiple range test, and statistical processing was performed using SPPS (version 10.2).

Table 3 . Growth of freshly grown cultivated soils of mixed soil and coal soil

Table 4 Chlorophyll Contents and Water Soluble Protein Content of Freshly Grown in Mixed Soil Containing Soil and Coal Soil

Finally, the optimum mixing ratio was determined to be from 25% to 50% in terms of plant nutrient effects.

Soil microbial enzyme activity was investigated in order to investigate the cause of plant growth promoting effect in soil soil microbiological aspect. The results showed that the microbial vitality of mixed soil and coal soil in upper layer was significantly increased by adding soil soil. Could be ( Table 5 ).

Table 5 . Microbial Enzyme Activity of Soil-Containing Soil and Coal Soils

division Sludge (%) Xylanase Invertase Protase Urease (μmol glucose / g soil / hr) (mmol NH4 + // g soil / hr) Upper Soil Mixed Soil 75 7.16b 1.61a 6.32a 21.15a 50 5.96a 1.85b 3.09b 13.53b 55 8.19c 2.35c 1.87c 6.05c 0 5.71a 1.91b 1.46c 3.00c ANOVA ** *** *** *** Lower Coal Soil 75 0.77a 0.41a 0.445a 1.75a 50 0.81a 0.81c 0.430a 2.27a 55 0.73a 0.52b 0.481a 1.21a 0 0.85a 0.63a 0.444a 1.50a ANOVA N.S *** N.S N.S β-glucosidase Phosphatase Arysulfatase Dehydrogenase (μg P-nitrophenol / g soil / hr) (μg INTF / g / hr) Upper Soil Mixed Soil 75 364.3a 60.72a 426.5a 2.54a 50 297.4b 64.41a 305.7b 2.59a 55 235.3c 55.46b 177.1c 1.86ab 0 182.6d 51.62b 50.6d 1.26c ANOVA *** ** *** * Lower layer mixed soil 75 82.49a 24.27a 77.0ab 0.16a 50 64.19b 32.92b 103.3a 0.10b 55 70.02b 45.14c 29.3b 0.04c 0 81.49a 31.59b 58.4ab 0.09b ANOVA ** *** N.S (P <0.058) N.S

Overall, microbial enzyme activity of mixed soil and peat mixed soil in the upper layer increased with higher organic content, and soil microbial vitality was dependent on the organic content. Even more significant and interesting is that the microbial vitality is significantly increased in the coal soil of the lower layer even when the organic material is supplied only to the upper layer. Compared to the microbial enzyme activity of coal soil before feeding organic matter, when the soil mixed with undiluted soil and peat is placed in the upper layer, the increase of microbial enzyme activity in the coal soil in the lower layer is first applied to the polysaccharide carbon source. In the case of degrading jaalanase, enzyme activity was increased more than about 4 times, and invertase involved in degrading polysaccharide or glycoside carbon source degraded by xylanase was increased by 3 ~ 4 times. The enzymatic activity of the cedarase was not detected before feeding the ripened soil, but it was found to increase to 2/3 of the enzyme activity of the topsoil soil after organic application. Proteolytic enzymes and ureases involved in organonitrogen degradation were rapidly increased about 20-fold and 100-150 fold, respectively. Posopatase involved in organophosphate degradation was almost unchanged, and arylsulfatase involved in organic sulfur decomposition was not detected before organic material supply but increased to about 1/2 of normal topsoil after fertilization. Could see. Finally, the enzyme activity of the dehydrogenase to use the carbon source as an energy source was slightly increased. In conclusion, as a result of feeding the unrefined soil to the upper layer, a large part of the leached organics moved to the lower coal soil, and microorganisms began to be involved in the circulation of coal soil material. there was. In particular, the increase of organic carbon degradation was apparent, and in particular, organic phosphoric acid inflow was not observed due to supply of unsuitable soil, but the degradation enzyme activity was clearly increased due to the inflow of organic sulfur. It was found to be converted to soil with biological activity. This result is expected to provide the foundation to increase the productivity of waste coal soil through vegetation restoration by promoting material circulation and ecosystem stability of coal soil.

Example 4 Heavy Metal Removal Method Using Soil Modifier

On the other hand, in order to examine the effects of phytoremediation such as heavy metal absorption of coal soils using plants, the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated in the leaves and roots of the mixed soils in the upper layer and the coal soil in the lower layer and harvested plant shades were examined ( Table 6). , Table 7 ), The concentration of harmful heavy metals in aged soils and coal soils was significantly reduced through plant uptake, and the effect of reducing harmful heavy metals in soils by plants was excellent.

Table 6 Hazardous Heavy Metal Contents in Mixed Soils and Coal Soils

Table 7 . Content of Hazardous Heavy Metals by Parts of Freshly Grown Soil in Mixed Soil and Coal Soil

Results for nutrients and heavy metals in the resistance after the irradiation for tree planting in the growing season for 180 days, the effluent is shown in Table 10. From Table 8. In summary, the nutrient concentrations investigated in the effluents of coal soils with plants are significantly lower in nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, Na) than in the effluents of coal soils without plants. This difference can be seen more clearly. In addition, even when the plants were planted, the nutrient absorption rate increased as the content of added ung soil increased. This can be interpreted that the nutrients supplied in the form of malt soil promote the growth of trees with the increase of the activity of soil microorganisms, and as a result, the absorption of nutrients is increased, so that they exist in low concentration in the effluent.

This is a pronounced effect of malnutrition. On the other hand, among the heavy metals investigated, heavy metals with high toxicity such as Cr, As and Mn were hardly detected in the outflow regardless of the presence or absence of vegetation, the content of decomposed soil, and the treatment method. Plant planting tended to decrease the concentration in the effluent.

Table 8 Investigation of the effect of vegetation restoration on the resistant species by investigating the concentrations of nutrients and harmful heavy metals in effluents in coal soil containing added soil (50 days after planting)

Table 9 Investigation of the vegetation restoration effect of resistant species by investigating the concentration of nutrients and harmful heavy metals in effluent in coal soil with added soil (110 days after planting)

Table 10 Investigation of the vegetation restoration effects of resistant species by investigating the concentration of nutrients and harmful heavy metals in effluent in coal soils added with decomposed soil (180 days after planting)

As a result of analyzing the nutrient concentrations accumulated in the tolerant tree and birch after harvesting and the harmful heavy metals, there was a clear correlation between the concentration of elements accumulated per unit building and the content of added soil. However, the total content of accumulated elements of woody individuals showed a tendency to increase significantly as the content of unsoiled soil increased. The total dry weight of resistant trees increases as the content of mature soil increases, which means that the total content of elements accumulated in each tree increases. In addition, most of the irradiated heavy metals except Fe and Pb were contained in much higher concentrations in decomposed soil. As the content of decomposed soils increased, the concentration of heavy metals in soil was higher and therefore, the accumulated heavy metal content was higher. However, when looking at the amount of Fe accumulated in the coal soil more than 40 times higher than that of the decomposed soil, the accumulated Fe content is increased in the species or decomposed soil treatment method even though the proportion of coal soil decreases as the decomposed soil content increases. Regardless of the amount of planting and growth, the removal of harmful heavy metals from coal soils was obvious.

There were no significant differences among the various species in the total accumulation of harmful heavy metals. The sedimentation treatment showed slightly higher total accumulation than in the mixed treatment. In terms of growth, it was found that the accumulation of harmful heavy metals was also generally excellent at the 25% level estimated as the amount of added pulp. Therefore, the addition of decomposed soil to coal soils promoted the growth of trees by the mineralization of organic substances and the increase of the food supply effect according to the improvement of soil microbial vitality, and at the same time, the removal of harmful heavy metals was also evident. Heavy metal removal effect of resistant trees was observed.

Example 5 Coal Mining Site Application Evaluation

(1) How to conduct research

On-site application evaluation was carried out at Taebaek coal mine site in Gangwon-do. The annual birch seedlings selected by the National Forest Research Institute were planted in the abandoned minefield restoration area operated by the Forestry Research Institute in mid-August 2003. For planting, digging a 20cm deep and 30cm wide pit in the mine ground soil, three controls including no control, no added soil improvement, 500cc added (x1) and 1000cc added (x2). Treatments were placed and 5 repetitions of trees were randomly placed for each treatment. In addition, 8 cellulosic fabrics were placed at 5 cm depth of each replanted soil and collected periodically to evaluate soil microbial activity over time after adding soil modifier. After planting, tree growth, chlorophyll content and growth changes were examined at regular intervals.

(2) Growth Response of Selected Trees by Fertilizer Application

The chlorophyll content of the selected species was carried out on October 1 and November 1 of the same year in order to investigate the growth response of trees according to the fertilizer application. Measurement results shown by soil amendment fertilizer increased chlorophyll content is at least twice the nutrient supply was significantly effect by soil conditioner (Fig. 2). In addition, it was confirmed that the shoot development of trees proceeded much faster by the fertilizer application in the shoot development response prematurely on April 8, 2004 ( Fig. 3 ). As compared with the control group, the development of the very superior root zone in the treatment group proceeded ( FIG. 4 ).

Table 11 shows the growth analysis of trees investigated after 280 days of planting.

Table 11 Analysis of tree growth according to fertilizer fertilizer application at coal mine site

The total biomass and total weight of the trees treated with soil modifier (x1, x2) were more than doubled as compared with the control group without fertilizer (no treatment). Also appeared to increase. These results indicate that the application of soil modifiers to coal mine ground soils can lead to successful settlement by promoting early growth development of selected species and maintaining healthy tree physiological activity.

(3) Evaluation of Microbial Vitality in Coal Soils with Fertilizer Application

The results of evaluating the microbial vitality of coal soils over time after fertilizer application using the cellulose fabric analysis method are shown in FIG. 5 .

In the case of the control that did not fertilize the soil improver at all, the decomposition of the cellulose tissue was hardly progressed to maintain the original form even after 8 months, whereas the treated group treated with 500cc of the soil improver (x1) In the treatment group treated with and 1,000cc (x2), it was found that the decomposition proceeded so rapidly that the prototype could not be recognized even for 40 days, and the degree of decomposition showed a clear trend as the fertilizer application amount increased.

(4) Verification of Vegetation Restoration Effect in Coal Mineland Soil

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth and fertilization of vegetation for the removal of harmful heavy metals by fertilizer application of soil improver, heavy metals in the effluent collected by the special installation are shown in FIG. 6 . Hazardous heavy metal concentrations in the effluent collected for 40 days after planting and for the effluent collected for 190 days (approximately 230 days after planting) tended to decrease over time in both irradiated heavy metals except Fe and Al. . Iron and aluminum, which are believed to be mainly derived from coal soils, increased with time in the control group without treatment with soil modifiers, while significantly decreased in the treatment group treated with soil modifiers. The effects of phytoremediation on the removal of harmful heavy metals by fertilization and selected tree plantings were investigated. The removal of harmful heavy metals may be related to the promotion of tree growth and the increase of absorption due to the vigorous development of the root zone.

Example 6 Soil Modifier Treatment Method on Topsoil of Waste Mine

We investigated the effects of growth of Bakdal and Geoje water, the effect of improving soil microorganism vitality, and the restoration of vegetation by the removal of harmful heavy metals. Coal soil, loess soil and general loess are prepared at the ratios shown in Table 12 below, considering the method of supplying loamy soil on the site using year-old nurses of birch and giant zebra tree, which are the tolerant trees distributed by the National Forest Research Institute. Group I is a separation of cultivated soil with coal soil in the lower layer and mixed soil of loess and ocher in the upper layer, and group II is mixed in the mixed soil without distinction between the lower layer and the upper layer. After 6 months of cultivation, tree growth and soil microbial vitality were examined, and nutrient elements and heavy metals in the leachate were examined.

Table 12 Mixing ratio (v / v) for the production of mixed soil, loess and coal soil mixed soil for resistant tree growth experiment

Table 13 shows the results of the fertilized soil fertilization effect using seedlings of birch and giant cedar trees, which are native to abandoned mines. Two types of raw sludge supply are provided: a method of feeding the unsoiled soil, which is divided into upper and lower loam mixed soil, and the lower soil coal soil, and a mixing method of coal soil, mixed loam and loess. The results of the survey conducted 180 days after planting using the method showed that the tortoises were more resistant and better adapted than the birch trees.

Table 13 Growth Analysis of Native Mine Resistant Species in Abandoned Coal Soil

On the basis of daily growth rate, dryness, and chlorophyll content, it was found that treated untreated soil was superior to untreated soil, regardless of treatment method or species. The soil treatment can be expected to promote tree growth. Irrespective of the treatment method, it was found that the allergic soil addition rate was excellent at 25%, and thus, the appropriate allergic soil addition rate was set.

The present invention is a soil improver obtained by inoculating sludge and sawdust with white fungus, which is decomposed to sawdust and matured so that it is difficult to distinguish it from the field soil, and is quickly ripened with the aid of added white fungus. It is economical because the soil improver can be obtained in time, and the decomposed product of sawdust is the soil improver of excellent efficacy, which is contained as an active ingredient of the soil improver.

By introducing the soil improving agent according to the present invention into the waste of the mine, it is possible to restore the vegetation of the waste mines destroyed by the low pH and nutrient deficiency of the waste mines, the sticky nature of the sludge can reduce the exposure of the slopes of waste mines, Its pH (6 ~ 8) is higher than (pH 2 ~ 4) to suppress the dissolution of heavy metals into the soil and streams near the abandoned mines, and it can be effectively used to achieve the purification of heavy metals in the waste mines by increasing the absorption of heavy metals into plants. . In addition, the soil improving agent manufacturing method according to the present invention is applicable to sludge having a water content of 90% or more.

Claims (11)

A soil improver, including sludge and sawdust breakdown, and containing more than 10 ⁷ white woody mildew per gram of sludge and sawdust breakdown. The soil improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the white wood fungus is at least one selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete sordida, Trametes hirsutus, Fusarium culmorum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and accession number KCCM 10725P. . Accession No. KCCM 10725P strain for promoting land improvement agent. A method for producing a soil improver, comprising inoculating a mold comprising sludge and sawdust on a white woody mildew. The soil improving agent according to claim 4, wherein the white wood fungus is at least one selected from the group consisting of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete sordida, Trametes hirsutus, Fusarium culmorum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Accession No. KCCM 10725P. Manufacturing method. The method for producing a soil improving agent according to any one of claims 4 to 5, further comprising inoculating sludge fermented bacteria. The vegetation restoration method of claim 1, wherein the soil improving agent according to claim 1 is introduced into the soil of the abandoned mine. 8. The vegetation restoration method according to claim 7, wherein the soil modifier is coated on the coal soil so that the ratio of the soil modifier to the coal soil of the topsoil of the waste mine is 25% by weight or more. Introducing a soil improving agent according to claim 1 into the soil of the abandoned mine; And planting a plant capable of removing heavy metals in the soil into which the soil improving agent is introduced. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the soil improver is coated on the coal soil so that the ratio of the soil modifier to the coal soil of the topsoil of the waste mine is 25% by weight or more. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the plant having a heavy metal removal ability is birch, blackwood, pine, ash, banyan, rhododendron, camphor, alpine, azalea, holly, A method for removing waste metal heavy metals, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of birch, willow, alder, noodle, peony, haricot, cypress, gingko, zelkova, and bark.

Images