KR20070095226A - Membrane module and water treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

A membrane module and a system for water treatment are provided to increase the filtration flux of the membrane module, by forming the membrane module using an anisotropic porous material. A membrane module comprises a vessel(2) and a filter membrane(1) installed within the vessel. The filter membrane is formed of an anisotropic porous material, wherein the filter membrane filters raw water inputted into the vessel. The anisotropic porous material contains a plurality of pores. Each of the pores has an anisotropic shape having major and minor axes. The plurality of pores are arranged in a predetermined directivity.

Description

Membrane Modules and Water Treatment Systems {MEMBRANE MODULE AND WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM}

1 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

2 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

3 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

4 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

5 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

6 is a configuration diagram showing a third embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

7 is a configuration diagram showing a third embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

8 is a configuration diagram showing the fourth and eleventh embodiments of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

9 is a configuration diagram showing a fourth embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

10 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, a seventh embodiment, and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

11 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, a seventh embodiment, and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

12 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, a seventh embodiment, and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, seventh embodiment, and eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

14 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, a seventh embodiment, and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

15 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, a seventh embodiment, and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

16 is a configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment, seventh embodiment, and eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a configuration diagram showing the sixth, seventh and eleventh embodiments of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

18 is a configuration diagram showing an eighth embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

19 is a configuration diagram showing a ninth embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

20 is a configuration diagram showing a tenth embodiment and an eleventh embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

21 is a configuration diagram showing a twelfth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a configuration diagram showing a thirteenth embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

23 is a configuration diagram showing a fourteenth embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

24 is a configuration diagram showing a fifteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

25 is a configuration diagram showing a sixteenth embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 26 is a configuration diagram showing a sixteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 27 is a configuration diagram showing a sixteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 28 is a configuration diagram showing a sixteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 29 is an explanatory diagram of the anisotropic porous material used in each example of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

30 is a schematic view showing a structure of a first example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 31 is a schematic view showing a modification of the first example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

32 is a schematic view showing a structure of a second example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 33 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

34 is a schematic view showing a modification of the third example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Fig. 35 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fourth example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

36 is a schematic view showing a modification of the fourth example of the anisotropic porous material used in each embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1: membrane 2: container

3: piping 4: valve

5: collection tube 6: tank

7: power 8: UV lamp

9: ozone generator 10: hydrogen peroxide injector

11: photocatalyst

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to membrane modules and water treatment systems used in water purification plants, and more particularly, to fine membranes or ultrafiltration membranes, which are generally used for water supply, by using membrane modules integrated with membranes using anisotropic porous materials. The present invention relates to a membrane module and a water treatment system in which a permeate flow rate is increased compared to a filtration membrane.

In a water purification plant, raw water is withdrawn from water sources such as rivers and reservoirs, and suspended matter and colloid are formed by five unit processes of flocculation, floc formation, sedimentation, filtration and sterilization. It is supplying to demand as clear and clean tap water by eliminating vaginal removal and bacteria.

A series of flocculants is generally used for a series of scavenging treatments by flocculation, floc formation, precipitation, and filtration, and inorganic metal salts such as iron and aluminum are generally used as flocculants. The effect of the flocculant is affected by various physical and biochemical effects, and the optimum flocculation condition is established on a complex equilibrium determined by many factors, and therefore, skill is required to secure a constant treated water quality.

By "clip sporium provisional measures guideline in water supply" mastered by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (current Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare) in October, we always grasp turbidity of filter paper outlet, and make turbidity of filter paper outlet less than 0.1 degrees Since it is enacted to maintain, turbidity management in a water purification plant becomes an important subject.

Based on these backgrounds, research and development on microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes have progressed, and membrane filtration has begun to spread rapidly in Japan's water treatment plants. Overseas, hundreds of thousands of tons of membrane filtration purification plants are already operating overseas. Membrane filtration by a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane has the advantage of reliably removing the suspended matter and obtaining a high quality treated water quality.

On the other hand, the membranes of organic polymer compounds (cellulose cellulose, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride), which are most widely used as materials for microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes, are used simultaneously with the passage of operating time. Deterioration in performance due to deterioration of the membrane itself, such as physical degradation such as consolidation or damage, chemical degradation due to hydrolysis or oxidation, and biological degradation in which the membrane is magnetized by microorganisms. The service life is three to seven years due to the deterioration of performance due to external factors such as the accumulation of fine particles and suspended solids on the surface of the film, and the running cost is higher than that of the conventional water purification method due to the cost required for membrane replacement.

As a prior art which reduces such a running cost, there exists a technique of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-225057. This prior art uses flocculents to form flocculants and remove them by sand filtration. Moreover, it is a water treatment system which reliably removes microparticles and suspended substances by the metal membrane filtration apparatus excellent in durability.

The metal film filtration device of the conventional water treatment system described above is composed of an element formed by folding a metal film of a nonwoven fabric obtained by laminating metal fibers into a pleated shape and having a cylindrical shape.

[1] reduction of permeation flux due to nonwoven fabric structure

Since the metal film of the nonwoven fabric structure has a structure to capture not only the surface of the metal film but also the inside of the metal film, there is an advantage in that it can capture minute particles and suspended substances inside the film that cannot be captured on the metal surface. There is a problem that the fine particles and the suspended substances that enter the membrane cannot be removed by general cleaning, and the permeation flow rate tends to decrease with the passage of the operating time.

As described above, in the metal film, it is difficult to clean the particulates and suspended substances that have entered therein, and thus a step of removing as much of the suspended solids as possible in advance due to the formation of flux is inevitable. Therefore, there is a fear of contamination by drug injection such as addition of a flocculant, and at the same time, there is a problem in that the floc must be disposed of and the amount of the treated substance increases.

[2] increase in installation space by cylindrical elements

Since the metal membrane by the cylindrical element has a small effective membrane filtration area with respect to the space for filling the metal membrane, there is a problem that the metal membrane filtration device is large and the installation space is increased. Although there is a method of increasing the number of cylinders to be filled in the apparatus by thinning the cylinder, it is not appropriate to make the cylinder thinner and rounder than necessary because the holes of the membrane may be deformed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the membrane module which can reduce the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving and increase the permeation flow rate compared to the microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane which is generally used for water, and this It is an object to provide a water treatment system used.

The present invention is characterized by a membrane module having a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container, and a water treatment system using the same. .

According to the membrane module and the water treatment system of the present invention, by using a membrane made of an anisotropic porous material in which the direction of permeation of raw water and the direction of the pores become the same direction and the ratio of the space to the material (space ratio) is large, While realizing space saving, the filtration resistance of raw water can be reduced, and the permeation flow rate can be increased compared with the microfiltration membrane and the ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water supply.

(Anisotropic Porous Material)

First, the anisotropic porous material developed by the present inventors is described.

In the filtering device by a metal membrane, the problem as described in the background art column arises. For this reason, the membrane filtration apparatus using the ceramic membrane which can form the diameter of a fine hole compared with a metal membrane, and is excellent in backwashing is considered. However, since the ceramic film is basically a porous body in which fine particles are sintered in a network shape, it has a structure that captures not only the surface of the film but also the inside, similarly to the above-described metal film, and thus it is difficult to clean the fine particles and suspended substances that have entered the interior. There exists a problem that permeation | flow_flow rate tends to fall simultaneously with passing. In addition, the pressure loss is relatively high even in the initial characteristics because of the structure that forms a complex network of pores.

Therefore, in view of the above, the inventors of the present invention have shown that the anisotropy shown in the following (1) to (7) which enables a large amount of separation treatment with a high precision in a fluid filter, reduces the decrease in permeation flow rate, and improves the cleanability A porous material has been developed (Patent Application 2005-322629, unpublished).

(1) It contains a plurality of pores, each of the pores has an anisotropic shape that can define the major axis and short axis, characterized in that the plurality of pores form an array having a direction Anisotropic porous material.

(2) The anisotropic porous material, wherein the ratio of the length of the major axis / short axis of each of the pores is 10 or more.

(3) The anisotropic porous material, wherein the length of the short axis of the plurality of pores is 0.001 to 500 µm.

(4) The anisotropic porous material, wherein the plurality of pores are classified into one or more orientation groups whose directions of their major axes are included in the solid angle range of ± 10 degrees.

(5) An anisotropic porous material, wherein at least a part of the plurality of pores belonging to the same orientation group are through pores.

(6) Anisotropic porous material, characterized in that the deviation of the length of the short axis of the plurality of pores is ± 15% or less in the same orientation group.

(7) Anisotropic porous material, characterized in that the through porosity in the same orientation group is 70% or more.

Hereinafter, the anisotropic porous material used in the membrane module of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to FIGS. 29-36.

First, the concept of the anisotropic porous material according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 29A and 29B. The anisotropic porous material contains a plurality of pores, which can define long axis (a) and short axis (b), for example, pores 51 and 52 shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B. It has an anisotropic shape. When the deviation between the arbitrary reference direction and the long axis a with respect to the pores 51 and 52 is indicated by the inclination θ, the inclination θ tends to be distributed in a direction, that is, within a specific range. On the other hand, the material having no orientation in the pores is an isotropic porous material.

<< first of the first examples >>

30 is a schematic view showing the structure of the anisotropic porous material 53 of the first example. As shown in Fig. 30, the anisotropic porous material 53 of the first example contains a plurality of elliptical pores 52 shown in Fig. 29. The pores 52 included in the anisotropic porous material 53 shown in FIG. 30 are mainly closed pores in which the whole pores are contained inside the material.

Here, it is preferable that ratio (aspect ratio) (a / b) of the length (a) of the long axis of the pore 52 and the length b of the short axis is 10 or more. In the case of mainly pulmonary pores, the source expressing the directional properties is due to the anisotropic form of the lung pores. If the aspect ratio is less than 10, even if the orientation is present in the arrangement of each air space, the characteristics are almost isotropic as a whole, so that the characteristics as the anisotropic porous material are not sufficiently exhibited.

Moreover, if the direction of the major axis of each pore is contained in the range of solid angle (ohm), it is preferable that solid angle (ohm) exists in the range of +/- 10 degree. In the case of mainly closed pores, even if each of the closed pores has a high aspect ratio, if the deviation is greater than ± 10 degrees in the directionality, the characteristics of the anisotropic porous material are not sufficiently exhibited because the characteristics are nearly isotropic as a whole. .

In addition, it is preferable that the length b of the short axis of each pore is 0.001-500 micrometers. In the case of less than 0.1 mu m, it is difficult to implement the structure of the anisotropic porous material of the present invention as a practical material by controlling the shape in the order of the distance between atoms and molecules. If it is larger than 500 μm, it is in a range that can be manufactured by conventional machining such as hole opening. This is not included in the concept of the anisotropic porous material of the present invention.

Moreover, it is preferable that the deviation (b) of the short axis length of each pore is ± 15% or less. In the case of mainly consisting of closed pores, if the diameter of each closed pore is larger than ± l5%, the characteristic directivity as a whole becomes weaker and more isotropic, so that the characteristics as an anisotropic porous material are not sufficiently exhibited.

<< second of first example >>

31 shows a modification of the first example. The anisotropic porous material 54 of the modification of the first example contains a plurality of pores 51 having an anisotropic shape shown in FIG. 29. The major axis of each pore is arranged in one direction.

In the anisotropic porous material 54 shown in FIG. 31, the aspect ratio of each pore is 10 or more, similarly to the anisotropic porous material 53 shown in FIG. 30, and the direction of the major axis of each pore is included in the solid angle range of ± 10 degrees. The length b of the minor axis of each pore is 0.001 to 500 µm, and the deviation of the length b of the minor axis of each pore is preferably ± 15% or less. The reason for selecting these numerical values is also the same as the above description.

<< second example >>

32 is a schematic view showing the structure of an anisotropic porous material of a second example of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 32, the anisotropic porous material 55 of the second example contains a plurality of pores 52a and 52b, respectively. The pores included in the anisotropic porous material 55 are mainly waste pores. The pores 52a constitute a first alignment group whose long axis is directional with respect to the A direction, and the pores 52b constitute a second alignment group whose long axis is directional with respect to the B direction different from the A direction.

Here, as in the first example, the aspect ratio of the pores 52a and 52b is 10 or more, and the length b of the short axis of each pore is preferably 0.001 to 500 µm. The reason for selecting these numerical values is also the same as in the first example.

If the direction of the major axis of the pores of each of the first alignment groups is included in the range of the solid angle ΩA, the solid angle ΩA is preferably in the range of ± 10 degrees. Further, if the direction of the major axis of the pores of each of the second alignment groups is included in the range of the solid angle ΩB, the solid angle ΩB is preferably in the range of ± 10 degrees. If the deviation is greater than ± 10 degrees, the characteristic is almost isotropic as a whole, and thus the characteristics as an anisotropic porous material are not sufficiently exhibited.

In addition, in the same orientation group, it is preferable that the deviation (b) of the short axis of each pore is ± 15% or less. If there is a deviation of more than ± 15% in the length b of the short axis, the characteristic directivity as a whole becomes weak and exhibits more isotropic characteristics, so that the characteristics as an anisotropic porous material are not sufficiently exhibited.

<< third example >>

33 is a schematic view showing the structure of an anisotropic porous material of a third example of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 33, the anisotropic porous material 56 of the third example has a plurality of through pores 57. Through pores are pores whose ends are open to the surface of the material. The anisotropic porous material 56 of the third example is formed by cutting the anisotropic porous material of the first example shown in FIG. 30 into two planes parallel to each other perpendicular to the major axis direction of the pores.

Here, the aspect ratio of the through pores 57 is preferably 10 or more. When the aspect ratio is 10 or more, a good balance and excellent film material can be obtained even for strength characteristics suitable for filtering and the like.

In addition, it is preferable that the direction of the major axis of each through pore is included in the solid angle range of ± 10 degrees. If there is a deviation of greater than ± 10 degrees in the directionality, characteristic characteristics are degraded, such as a large pressure loss in filtering and the like.

Moreover, it is preferable that the length of the short axis of each through pore is 0.001-500 micrometers. In the case of less than 0.1 mu m, it is difficult to implement the structure of the anisotropic porous material of the present invention as a practical material in the order of the distance between atoms and molecules. If it is larger than 50 μm, it is in a category that can be manufactured by conventional machining such as hole opening. This is not included in the concept of the anisotropic porous material of the present invention.

Moreover, it is preferable that the deviation of the length of the short axis of each through pore is ± 15% or less. If there is a deviation larger than ± l5% in the length of the short axis, characteristic characteristics such as separation accuracy in filtering and the like deteriorate.

Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio (through-porosity) of the through pore in all the pores which the anisotropic porous material 56 has is 70% or more. If the through porosity is less than 70%, the amount of permeation flow rate in filtering or the like decreases, and the influence of pores (open pores and closed pores) other than the through holes is present. Specifically, there are influences such as deterioration of the cleaning property in filtering and the like and a decrease in the film strength. Here, the open pores are pores in which only one end is open to the material surface.

34 is a schematic view showing a modification of the third example. As shown in FIG. 34, the anisotropic porous material 58 of the third modified example has a plurality of through pores 59, and the through pores 59 are not perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the anisotropic porous material 58. It is formed. The anisotropic porous material 58 of the modification of the third example has a form in which the anisotropic porous material of the first example shown in Fig. 32 is cut into two planes parallel to each other at an angle other than perpendicular to the major axis direction of the pores.

<< fourth example >>

Fig. 35 is a schematic view showing the structure of the anisotropic porous material of the fourth example of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 35, the anisotropic porous material 60 of the fourth example has a plurality of through pores 61b, respectively. The anisotropic porous material 60 of the fourth example has a form in which the anisotropic porous material of the second example shown in FIG. 32 is cut into two planes parallel to each other. The through pores 61a constitute the first orientation group, and the through pores 61b constitute the second orientation group.

Here, as in the third example, the aspect ratio of the through pores 61b is 10 or more, the length b of the short axis of each pore is 0.001 to 500 µm, and the through porosity in the same orientation group is preferably 70% or more. Do. The reason for selecting these numerical values is also the same as in the third example.

Moreover, in the same orientation group, it is preferable that the direction of the major axis of each through pore is contained in the solid angle range of +/- 10 degree. If there is a deviation of greater than ± 10 degrees in the directionality, characteristic characteristics, such as a large pressure loss in filtering and the like, deteriorate. Moreover, in the same orientation group, it is preferable that the deviation of the length of the short axis of each through pore is ± 15% or less. If there is a deviation of more than ± 15% in the length of the short axis, characteristic characteristics such as separation accuracy in filtering and the like deteriorate.

36 is a schematic view showing a modification of the fourth example. As shown in FIG. 36, the anisotropic porous material 63 of the modification of the 4th example has a plurality of through pores 64b, respectively, and cut | disconnected the anisotropic porous material of the 1st example shown in FIG. 30 to two surfaces parallel to each other. It has a form laminated | stacked so that the direction of a through pore may shift by 90 degrees for every layer.

The anisotropic porous material of the present invention is different from the conventional porous material represented by the general porous material or the porous membrane used for the above-mentioned water purification purpose, and the large pores of the aspect ratio of long axis / short axis are arranged with directivity. For this reason, when the one-dimensional anisotropic porous material of the first and third examples is used for the fluid filter, fine particles and suspended substances are trapped on the surface of the filter, so that a large amount of separation treatment can be performed with high precision, thereby reducing the decrease in the permeation flow rate. And the washability of a filter can be improved.

Moreover, when the 2D anisotropic porous material of the 2nd, 4th example is used as a heat exchange material, since the energy loss by fluid resistance is greatly reduced, heat exchange efficiency per volume can be improved.

The use of the anisotropic porous material of the present invention is also extensive, but the one-dimensional anisotropic porous material of the first and third examples is capable of high-volume separation treatment with high precision, ensuring a high permeation flow rate, and being excellent in washability. Various filters which have various outstanding characteristics are mentioned.

Further, examples of the two-dimensional anisotropic porous material of the second and fourth examples include a heat exchanger that is remarkably excellent in heat exchange efficiency per volume and greatly reduces energy loss due to fluid resistance.

The method for producing an anisotropic porous material of the present invention is a method of using a template for forming pores or through pores, a method of transferring and forming pores or through pores, and stretching the original structure of pores or through pores. ), A method of forming pores or through pores by crystal structure growth, and a method of forming pores or through pores by vapor phase synthesis method.

In addition, in each of the above-described embodiments, an anisotropic porous material in which the pores consist of one or two alignment groups is shown, but the number of alignment groups classified is not limited thereto.

<Description of Example>

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the Example of the water treatment system which concerns on this invention is described with reference to drawings. In the water treatment system described below, any one of the above-described anisotropic porous materials 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, and 63 is used as the filtration membrane constituting the membrane module.

<< first embodiment >>

1 shows a first embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

The water treatment system according to the present embodiment is connected to a membrane module constituted by a membrane 1 made of an anisotropic porous material made of metal or the like, a vessel 2 filling the membrane 1, and a vessel 2 to operate. It is provided with the piping 3 which discharges the waste water of a physical washing | cleaning performed regularly with the passage of time, and the valve 4 which opens and closes the piping 3.

(Action)

Raw water supplied from below the membrane module is trapped by the membrane surface by the fractionation action of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material having 0.001 to 500 µm pores. The filtered water passing through the pores flows in the upper portion of the membrane module. At this time, the interlayer differential pressure was 5 to 200 kPa or less for the microfiltration membrane, 10 to 300 kPa or less for the ultrafiltration membrane, according to the New Development of Water Membrane Filtration Technology (Dec 2002) of the Water Technology Research Center. It is preferable that it is 300-1500 kPa or less in the case of a filtration membrane, and 400-3000 kPa or less in the case of a reverse osmosis membrane.

Subsequently, in order to remove the reversible thing from the surface of the membrane or the inside of the membrane at the point of time when the predetermined period or the interlayer differential pressure is reached, the physical cleaning shown below is performed and the valve 4 and the pipe 3 are removed. Discharge the drain to the outside through).

In addition, when the interlayer differential pressure is increased to some extent, chemical cleaning is performed to remove irreversible impurities from the surface of the membrane or the inside of the membrane to recover the interlayer differential pressure.

Here, the action common to the membrane module which loaded and integrated the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material to the container 2 is shown below. In addition, the description from the following "physical cleaning of a membrane module" to "monitoring item" referred to the "Membrane filtration facility installation guideline (1994)" of the waterworks technology research center.

[Physical Cleaning of Membrane Modules]

Simultaneously with the running time, the substance adhering to the membrane 1 can be removed by physical cleaning by any one of the following cleaning methods or a combination of these cleaning methods.

Back pressure cleaning, back pressure air cleaning, air scrubbing, raw or air flash cleaning, mechanical vibration, mechanical rotation, ultrasonic cleaning, hydrothermal cleaning, sponge ball cleaning, chemical injection cleaning, ozone injection cleaning, heating.

Here, heating is a method of burning and removing the organic substance by heating the film | membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material to 500-600 degreeC.

The adhesion substance of the film 1 which cannot be removed by physical washing | cleaning can be removed by chemical washing by any one of the following chemical | medical agents, or these chemicals combined use.

Oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite, surfactants which are alkali detergents or acid cleaners, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as oxalic acid and citric acid.

[Filtration method]

The filtration method of the water treatment system in this invention can be made into whole quantity filtration system or a crossflow system.

[Drive method of filtration]

The drive method of filtration in this invention can be filtered by a pump pressurization method, a water level difference utilization method, a suction method, and these combinations.

[Filtration control method]

The operation control method of the water treatment system according to the present invention is a constant flow rate control method such as a constant flow rate variation method, a volume pump method, a rotation speed control method, a control variation method, or a receiver tank method, a water level difference method, a rotation speed control method, It can be set as static pressure control, such as an adjustable valve and a decompression valve.

[Monitoring item]

In the water treatment system of the present invention, since the membrane is blocked due to the fine particles and the solute in the raw water at the same time as the operation time, it is necessary to monitor the intermembrane differential pressure and the membrane filtration quantity. In monitoring intermembrane differential pressure and membrane filtration water quantity, it is necessary to consider the water temperature because the membrane filtration resistance is affected by the water temperature (water viscosity). In addition, the turbidity of raw water is always monitored by a laser turbidimeter or a transmitted-light turbidimeter. In addition, although the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material of the present invention is excellent in durability, it is preferable to include a membrane breaking detection device because it reduces leakage risks such as pathogenic microorganisms.

(effect)

According to the present invention, since the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material becomes the same direction as the axial direction of the pores and the permeation direction of the raw water, the ratio of the space occupied in the material (space ratio) can be increased. Since the resistance is small, the permeation flow rate can be increased compared to the microfiltration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water.

<< 2nd Example >>

2, 3, and 4 show a second embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

In the present invention, the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material is formed into a flat shape or a bag shape.

2, the collecting tube 5 is installed inside the membrane module, and in FIG. 3, the collecting tube 5 is installed outside the membrane module. In FIG. 4, the film | membrane using the anisotropic porous material formed in planar shape or bag shape is wound around the collection pipe 5, and is formed (spiral type | mold).

(Action)

Raw water supplied from below the membrane module is trapped by the membrane surface by the fractionation action of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material. As shown in Fig. 5, the filtered water passing through the pores enters the inside of the membrane module formed into a flat shape or a bag shape and flows into the collecting pipe 5 installed at the inner center or the outside of the membrane module.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, by forming the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material into a planar shape or a bag shape, both surfaces can be used as the filtration surface, and the membrane filtration area can be increased. In FIG. 4, the packing density of the membrane 1 can be increased.

<< third embodiment >>

6 and 7 show a third embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

In this embodiment, the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material is formed in a cylindrical shape. In FIG. 6, there is one cylinder, and in FIG. 7, a plurality of cylinders are arranged to increase the filtration area.

(Action)

Raw water supplied from below the membrane module penetrates from the outside to the inside of the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material and flows into the top of the membrane module.

(effect)

This embodiment makes it easy to clean the surface of the membrane and is suitable when the turbidity of raw water is high. However, as mentioned above in the prior art, it is not suitable to make the cylinder small round more than necessary because the holes of the membrane 1 may be deformed.

(Other embodiment)

In the present embodiment, the raw water is made to be external pressure acting from the outside of the membrane 1, but the raw water may be made to be pressure resistant to act from the inside of the membrane 1.

<< fourth embodiment >>

4 and 9 show a fourth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

In this embodiment, the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material is formed into a flat shape or a bag shape and deposited in a tank 6 (open type or closed type) into which raw water flows.

In FIG. 8, the collecting pipe 5 which collects the filtrate which permeate | transmitted the membrane 1 using the plate-shaped anisotropic porous material is arrange | positioned above the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material. In FIG. 9, the collection pipe 5 which collects the filtrate which permeate | transmitted the membrane 1 using the disk shaped anisotropic porous material is arrange | positioned in the center of the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material.

(Action)

The raw water supplied to the tank 6 has permeated the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material and has permeated the membrane 1 by the above-described water level difference method or suction method and the interlayer differential pressure generated by these combinations. Filtrate flows into the collection pipe (5).

(effect)

According to the present embodiment, the apparatus is simple and the membrane can be easily exchanged, and the operation can be performed with confidence even when the turbidity of the raw water is high.

<< fifth embodiment >>

A fifth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (a), 14 (b), 15 and 16.

(Configuration)

In this embodiment, as shown in Figs. 10 to 16, the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material is arranged in multiple layers, and a plurality of pipes 3 and valves 4 for discharging the washing water at the time of washing are also arranged. have.

In FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the collection pipe 5 which collects filtrate water is arrange | positioned inside the center of a membrane module, and is arrange | positioned outside the membrane module in FIG. In FIG. 14, the membrane | membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material is provided in the zigzag, and the collection pipe | tube 5 is also arranged in multiple numbers. In FIG. 15 or FIG. 16, the membrane 1 using the multilayer anisotropic porous material is immersed in the tank 6 (open type or the closed type) which raw water flows in, and the collection pipe 5 which filtrate flows in is inside a tank or a tank. It is installed at the top.

(Action)

Raw water supplied from below the membrane module is trapped by the membrane surface by the fractionation action of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material. When the membrane 1 is planar, a substance larger than the pores is trapped on the lower surface of the membrane, and when the membrane 1 is formed into a bag, as shown in FIG. It enters inside a module, and flows into the collection pipe 5 of the inner center of a membrane module in FIG. In FIG. 13, the filtered water passing through the pores flows into the collecting pipe 5 installed outside the membrane module. In FIGS. 14A and 14B, the filtered water flows into the plurality of collecting pipes 5 installed in the membrane module. In FIG. 15 or FIG. 16, the filtered water which permeate | transmitted the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material by the above-mentioned water level difference system, the suction system, and the intermembrane differential pressure generated by these combinations, and the filtered water which permeate | transmitted the membrane 1 are tanks It flows into the collection pipe 5 installed inside or on the tank top.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, the membrane area to be filtered can be increased in any of the embodiments shown in Figs. 10 to 16, and space saving can be realized.

<< Sixth Example >>

17 shows a sixth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

As shown in Figs. 1 to 16, the present embodiment is composed of a membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material, a container 2 for filling the membrane 1, a pipe 3, a valve 4, an assembly pipe 6; The holes are formed in the respective films 1 so as not to be in the same position.

(Action)

Raw water supplied from below the membrane module penetrates the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material, and enters the membrane module at the top by removing a hole at one end of the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material. Repeat this and flow to the top of the membrane module.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, since the raw water is perpendicular to the permeation direction of the membrane, that is, the flow of crossflow, the estimation of the membrane surface of the suspended substance in the raw water can be suppressed.

<< seventh embodiment >>

The seventh embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is characterized by employing a membrane 1 having a different pore diameter. 10 and 17, the configuration of the present embodiment is omitted, but the configuration of FIGS. 10 and 12 that can filter raw water in stages is most effective.

(Action)

10 and 12, only the specific membrane 1 can be cleaned by the operation of the valve 4 provided in the pipe 3 in the same manner as shown in the first to sixth embodiments.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, by suspending the suspended matter contained in the raw water step by step from the larger particle size, the load on the membrane surface can be reduced and the removal efficiency can be increased.

In addition, in this embodiment, in the membrane of one stage, the effect of rectifying the flow of raw water is generated by increasing or decreasing the hole diameter from the center to the outside. The load of a specific site can be made small.

<< eighth embodiment >>

18 shows an eighth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

On the outside of the membrane module, a power source 7 for applying an electric field is provided on at least two sheets of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material.

(Action)

The membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material acts as an electrode and applies an electric field during permeation or physical cleaning of raw water. The electric field may be applied continuously or in a pulse shape. In addition, by disposing a small metal of an ionization tendency on the surface acting as an electrode, elution of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material acting as an electrode can be suppressed.

(effect)

By applying an electric field to the membrane surface using an anisotropic porous material according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress deposits on the membrane surface and to ensure a high flow rate. In particular, by applying an electric field in a pulse shape, a suspended substance attached to the membrane surface is applied. It can peel effectively. In addition, ammonia and organic matter in raw water can be decomposed.

<< ninth example >>

19 shows a ninth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

Application of UV lamp 8 for irradiating ultraviolet (UV), ozone generator for generating ozone (9), hydrogen peroxide injector (10) for injecting hydrogen peroxide, photocatalyst (11) on inner surface of container and filter membrane It is. In the present embodiment, at least one of these may be provided.

(Action)

With respect to the raw water supplied from the lower part of the membrane module, UV irradiation by the UV lamp 8 is carried out while injecting ozone from the lower part of the membrane module by the ozone generator 9 and injecting hydrogen peroxide by the hydrogen peroxide injector 10. Do it.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, infectious microorganisms and seaweeds can be inactivated by UV irradiation, and ozone injection can remove chromaticity and odor components by oxidizing power of ozone, reduce molecular weight of organic substances, and oxidize iron or manganese. Can be. In addition, by irradiating ultraviolet rays or injecting hydrogen peroxide at the time of ozone injection, OH radicals are generated in the raw water, thereby enhancing the oxidizing power. In addition, by applying a photocatalyst on the inner surface of the container and on the surface of the filtration membrane, adhesion of the suspended substance is suppressed and UV irradiation causes OH radicals to be generated in raw water, removal of chromaticity and odor components, low molecular weight of organic substances, Simultaneously with the oxidation of manganese, infectious microorganisms and seaweeds can be inactivated.

<< tenth example >>

20 shows a tenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention.

(Configuration)

The structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the ninth embodiment, but in order to act on the filtered water, the UV lamp 8, the ozone generator 9, and the hydrogen peroxide are injected into the collection tube 5 for irradiating ultraviolet (UV) light. Hydrogen peroxide injector 10 is provided, characterized in that the photocatalyst 11 is applied to the inner surface of the collecting tube (5).

(Action)

The ozone is injected into the filtered water in the collection pipe 5 by the ozone generator 9 and UV irradiation is performed by the UV lamp 8 while injecting hydrogen peroxide by the hydrogen peroxide injector 10.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, infectious microorganisms and seaweeds can be inactivated by UV irradiation, and ozone injection can remove chromaticity and odor components by oxidizing power of ozone, reduce molecular weight of organic substances, and oxidize iron or manganese. Can be. In addition, by irradiating ultraviolet rays or injecting hydrogen peroxide at the time of ozone injection, OH radicals are generated in the filtered water, and thus the oxidizing power can be increased. In addition, by applying a photocatalyst to the inner surface of the collection tube 5, adhesion of the suspended substance is suppressed, and UV irradiation causes OH radicals to be generated in the filtrate to remove chromaticity and odor components, to reduce the molecular weight of organic substances, In addition to oxidation of manganese, infectious microorganisms and seaweeds can be inactivated.

<< eleventh embodiment >>

Since the eleventh embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is the same as the first to ninth embodiments, illustration is omitted.

(Configuration)

In this embodiment, the membrane modules according to any of the first to ninth embodiments are arranged in parallel, and the permeation amount is greatly increased by parallelization.

(Action)

Raw water is blown in the same manner as in the first to ninth embodiments, and filtered in parallel in each membrane module.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, it is possible to cope with a larger throughput by parallelizing the membrane modules.

<12th Example >>

A twelfth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

(Configuration)

The disinfection facility 21 is provided in the rear end of the filtration installation 20 which has the membrane module which integrated the membrane 1 which used the anisotropic porous material in the container 2, and was integrated. The disinfection facility 21 can disinfect the filtered water by a chlorine injection facility, a sodium hypochlorite injection facility, a calcium hypochlorite injection facility, a UV irradiation facility, and a combination thereof.

(Action)

Chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite are injected into the filtered water through the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material to disinfect E. coli and common bacteria.

(effect)

According to this embodiment, the filtered water which has permeated through the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material is disinfected and the infectious microorganisms and seaweeds are inactivated.

<< thirteenth embodiment >>

A thirteenth embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

(Configuration and action)

The pretreatment facility 22 is provided in the front end of the filtration installation 20 which has the membrane module which integrated the membrane 1 which used the anisotropic porous material in the container 2, and was integrated. The pretreatment facility 22 includes a fines removal facility, a flocculant injection facility, agglomeration precipitation facility, agglomeration sand filtration facility, agglomeration sediment sand filtration facility, chlorine injection facility, aeration facility, biological treatment facility, powder activated carbon facility, granular activated carbon facility, ozone The raw water of the membrane module can be pretreated by the generating equipment and these combinations.

The common effect in the pretreatment facility 22 is that the performance of the membrane module constituted by the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material can be exhibited most efficiently or stably in both quantity and quality of water, It is possible to prevent damages such as damage to the membrane 1 and clogging due to the suspended substance.

Here, the structure, function, and effect of each pretreatment facility 22 are demonstrated once again.

[Scrap removal equipment]

It is composed of a screen, a filter, a strainer or the like of 200 μm or less, and can remove impurities and foreign matters that may damage the membrane such as seaweed or soil in raw water or close the membrane module by a fractionating action.

[Coagulant injection equipment, flocculation sedimentation equipment, flocculation sand filtration equipment, flocculation sedimentation sand filtration equipment]

By injecting the flocculant in the flocculant injecting equipment, the suspended solids can be flocculated, the rise of the interlayer differential pressure of the membrane using the anisotropic porous material can be suppressed, and the chromaticity components can also be removed. When the turbidity of raw water temporarily increases, the load of the suspended substance of the membrane module can be reduced by using a sedimentation basin or sand filtration together. In addition, the injection amount of the flocculant as a pretreatment of the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material can be obtained in a small amount compared with the case of performing flocculation precipitation and sand filtration of the conventional treatment.

[Chlorine injection equipment]

The chlorine injection facility is composed of a low-liquid chemical solution and an infusion pump, and can inject oxidizing agents such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and the like to suppress the oxidation of iron and manganese, the occurrence of seaweeds, and the prevention of adhesion of suspended substances on the membrane. .

[Aeration equipment]

Removal of volatile organic dye compounds, such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, which raise pH by removing free carbonic acid in water by contacting air with raw water by aeration equipment, and removing odorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide which iron and manganese oxidize And the like can be obtained.

[Biological processing equipment]

The biological treatment facility utilizes the natural purifying action of living organisms, so it is a structure in which a filler or a disc is installed in the tank to increase the surface area, and ammonia nitrogen, biodegradable organic matter, acetic acid nitrogen, seaweeds, odor, iron, Manganese can be removed.

[Powder activated carbon equipment]

Odor substances, anionic surfactants, phenols, trihalomethane and its precursors, volatile organic chlorine compounds such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, pesticides and the like can be removed by the powdered activated carbon injected from the powder activated carbon facility.

[Granular activated carbon facility]

The granular activated carbon facility is a structure in which granular activated carbon is filled in a tank, and raw water is introduced into this tank to act. Similarly to the powder activated carbon facility, odorous substances, anionic surfactants, phenols, trihalmethane and precursors thereof, volatile organic chlorine compounds such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, pesticides and the like can be removed.

[Ozone Generating Equipment]

The ozone treatment equipment consists of source gas (dry air or oxygen), ozone generator, ozone contact tank, ozone retention tank, waste ozone equipment, and removes chromaticity and odor components, lowers the molecular weight of organic substances, and oxidizes iron and manganese. I can do it.

Next, as a specific example of this embodiment, the operation and effects of a representative example in which the membrane 1 and the pretreatment facility 22 using the anisotropic porous material are combined will be described.

[Membrane Using Powder Activated Carbon-Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is suitable for raw water having a low ammonia nitrogen concentration and low organic matter concentrations other than pesticides and odors. As a pretreatment, a powder activated carbon facility is provided, and the activated organic matter is adsorbed and removed by adding powdered activated carbon to raw water continuously or intermittently, and then filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving by membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material. In addition, the microorganisms such as suspension, colloid and bacteria can be removed at the same time as the microfiltration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane which is generally used for water, and the concentrated activated carbon can be separated and concentrated. The addition of powdered activated carbon can remove disinfection byproduct precursors, pesticides, anionic surfactants, odors, colors, and the like. In addition, when the powdered activated carbon stays for a long time, ammonia and biodegradable organic substances can be removed by microorganisms adhered to and propagated on the surface of the powdered activated carbon.

[Ozone Treatment-Powder Activated Carbon-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is suitable for raw water having a low ammonia nitrogen concentration and low organic matter concentrations other than pesticides, odors and colors. As a pretreatment, an ozone treatment facility is provided and adsorptive removal of pesticides, anionic surfactants, and odors by oxidative decomposition such as pesticides, odors, and chromaticity and powdered activated carbon treatment is carried out, followed by membrane (1) using an anisotropic porous material. While reducing the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving, it removes microorganisms such as suspended solids, colloids and bacteria at a larger permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes generally used for water, Separation concentration can be achieved. The addition of powdered activated carbon can remove disinfection byproduct precursors, pesticides, anionic surfactants, odors, colors, and the like. In addition, when the powdered activated carbon stays for a long time, ammonia and biodegradable organic substances can be removed by microorganisms adhered to and propagated on the surface of the powdered activated carbon.

[Bioprocessing-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is suitable for raw water with high ammonia nitrogen and low organic matter. As a pretreatment, a biological treatment facility is provided, and ammonia nitrogen, biodegradable organic matter, acetic acid nitrogen, seaweeds, odors, iron and manganese can be removed. Membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material reduces the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving, and improves the quality of suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, and the like at a higher permeate flow rate than microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes generally used for water. Microorganisms can be removed.

[Granular Activated Carbon-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is clean, clean water with little turbidity. It is contaminated with trace organic compounds such as pesticides and organic solvents, and is suitable for groundwater with high color and disinfection byproduct precursor concentration.

It is equipped with a granular activated carbon facility as a pretreatment, and after removing the dissolved organic substance in raw water, the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material realizes space saving, and makes the filtration resistance of raw water small, and is the precision generally used for water supply. Microorganisms such as suspension, colloid and bacteria can be removed at a higher permeation flow rate than the filtration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane. In addition, by the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material, it is possible to remove suspended matter such as pulverized coal and microorganisms leaking from the granular activated carbon layer.

[Ozone Treatment-Granular Activated Carbon-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is a clean and clean raw water with little turbidity. It is contaminated with trace organic compounds of pesticides and organic solvents, and is suitable for high groundwater of chromaticity and disinfection byproduct precursor concentration.

As a pretreatment, an ozone treatment facility and a granular activated carbon facility are provided, and in order to remove dissolved organic matter in raw water, after performing ozone treatment and granular activated carbon treatment, the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material realizes space saving. The filtration resistance of raw water is made small and microorganisms, such as a suspension, a colloid, and a bacterium, can be removed at a permeate flow rate larger than the microfiltration membrane and the ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water supply. In addition, by the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material, it is possible to remove suspended matter such as pulverized coal and microorganisms leaking from the granular activated carbon layer.

[Bioprocessing-Granular Activated Carbon-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is a clean and clean raw water with little turbidity, and is suitable for ammonia nitrogen concentrations, trace organic compounds such as pesticides and organic solvents, and groundwater with high chromaticity and disinfection by-product precursor concentrations.

As a pretreatment, a biological treatment facility and granular activated carbon facilities are provided, and after the granular activated carbon treatment is performed to oxidize and remove ammonia nitrogen, biodegradable organic matter, iron and manganese, and remove dissolved organic matter, an anisotropic porous material is used. The membrane 1 can reduce the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving, and can remove microorganisms such as suspended solids, colloids and bacteria at a larger permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes generally used for water. have. It is a clean and clean raw water with little turbidity. It is suitable for ammonia nitrogen concentration, trace organic compounds such as pesticides and organic solvents, and groundwater with high color and disinfection byproduct precursor concentration.

[Biotreatment-Ozone Treatment-Granular Activated Carbon-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is a clean and clean raw water with little turbidity, and is suitable for ammonia nitrogen, pesticides, organic solvents, and groundwater with high color and disinfection byproduct precursors.

As a pretreatment, a biological treatment facility, an ozone treatment facility, and granular activated carbon facilities are provided, and ozone treatment and granular activated carbon treatment are performed to oxidize and remove ammonia nitrogen, biodegradable organic matter, iron and manganese, and to remove dissolved organic matter. Afterwards, the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material reduces the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space savings, and is susceptible to colloids, colloids and bacteria at a larger permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes generally used for water. Microorganisms, such as can be removed.

<< 14th Example >>

A fourteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

(Configuration and action)

The post-treatment installation 23 is provided in the rear end of the filtration installation 20 which filters raw water using the membrane module which integrated the membrane 1 which used the anisotropic porous material in the container 2, and is integrated. The post-treatment facility 23 is separated from the filtration facility 20 by the microfiltration membrane, the ultrafiltration membrane, the nanofiltration membrane, the reverse osmosis membrane, the pH adjusting equipment, the granular activated carbon equipment, the ozone injection equipment, the UV irradiation equipment, the aeration equipment and these combinations. The filtered filtrate can be worked up.

Here, the structure, function, and effect of each post-processing facility 23 will be described once again. In addition, about the installation demonstrated by the pretreatment installation 22, since it is the same structure, operation | movement, and effect, it abbreviate | omits.

[Precision filtration membrane]

With a membrane having a pore diameter of 0.01 μm or more, microorganisms such as suspend, colloid and bacteria can be removed.

[Ultrafiltration membrane]

With a membrane having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 300,000, microorganisms such as suspend, colloid and bacteria can be removed.

Nano filtration membrane

With a film having a molecular weight of several tens to several hundreds, hardness components such as trihalomethane precursors, pesticides, malodorous substances, anionic surfactants, and calcium magnesium can be removed.

[Reverse osmosis membrane]

Low molecular weight substances and ions can be separated by a membrane having a molecular weight of several tens to several hundreds.

pH adjustment facility

The pH adjustment facility is composed of a chemical liquid low tank and an infusion pump, and adjusts the pH of the filtrate of the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material by injecting acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and liquefied carbon dioxide, and alkali such as calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Can be.

[UV irradiation equipment]

UV irradiation equipment is comprised by UV lamp, a power supply, piping, a lamp protection tube, a washing | cleaning apparatus, and a lamp illuminometer, and can disinfect microorganisms, such as protozoa and a bacterium, and a virus.

Next, as a specific example of the present embodiment, the operation and effects of the example in which the membrane 1 and the post-treatment facility 23 using the anisotropic porous material are combined will be described.

[Membrane (1)-Granular Activated Carbon Using Anisotropic Porous Material]

This method is suitable for raw water having a low ammonia nitrogen concentration and high organic matter concentration. The membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material realizes space saving while reducing the filtration resistance of raw water and is generally used for water. After removing microorganisms such as suspend, colloid and bacteria at a greater permeate flow rate than the filtration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane, the granular activated carbon treatment is performed in the granular activated carbon facility arranged as the aftertreatment facility 23, thereby disinfecting byproduct precursors, Pesticides, anionic surfactants, odors, and chromaticity can be removed.

[Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Materials-Ozone Treatment-Granular Activated Carbon]

This method is suitable for raw water with a low ammonia nitrogen concentration and considerably high organic matter concentration, and realizes space saving by the membrane (1) using an anisotropic porous material, while reducing the filtration resistance of the raw water, and the precision generally used for water. After removing microorganisms such as suspended solids, colloids and bacteria at a larger permeate flow rate than the filtration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane, ozone treatment and granular activated carbon treatment are continuously performed in an ozone treatment facility and a granular activated carbon facility arranged as a post-treatment facility 23. By doing so, the dissolved organic substance can be removed.

Thereby, in addition to the removal of disinfection byproduct precursors, pesticides / anionic surfactants, odors, and chromaticity by granular activated carbon, the effect of removing odors, chromaticities, and pesticides by ozone treatment can be obtained. In addition, some bio-degradable organic substances, such as humic acid and furboic acid, are oxidized and decomposed by ozone treatment, so that they can be easily removed by subsequent biodegradation in the stationary granular activated carbon (biological activated carbon).

[Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Materials-Microfiltration Membrane / Ultrafiltration Membrane]

This method is suitable for raw water having a large fluctuation in turbidity and turbidity, low ammonia nitrogen concentration and low organic matter concentration, and reducing the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving by the membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material, In general, after removing the turbidity at a larger permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane used for water, the microfiltration membrane arranged as the post-treatment facility 23 or the ultrafiltration membrane once again has a small turbidity, colloid, bacteria and the like. Some microorganisms and viruses can be removed.

In this method, the pores of the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material can be increased to increase the permeation flow rate, and the position can be provided as a pretreatment of the microfiltration membrane or the ultrafiltration membrane. Since this method does not inject chemicals, it is possible to reduce the load on the environment, such as simplifying the wastewater treatment facility.

[Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Materials-UV Irradiation Equipment]

This method is suitable for clean raw water with low turbidity, low ammonia nitrogen concentration, and low organic matter concentration. The membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material realizes space saving while reducing the filtration resistance of raw water, and is generally used for water. After removing microorganisms such as suspended solids, colloids, and bacteria at a larger permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane used, in the UV irradiation facility arranged as the post-treatment facility 23, a protozoan penetrating the membrane using an anisotropic porous material Can sterilize microorganisms and viruses.

Since this method does not inject chemicals, it is possible to reduce the load on the environment, such as simplifying the wastewater treatment facility.

<< fifteenth embodiment >>

A fifteenth embodiment of the water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

(Configuration)

The pretreatment apparatus 22 is installed in the front end of the filtration installation 20 which filters raw water, using the membrane module which integrated the membrane 1 which used the anisotropic porous material in the container 2, and integrates it, and post-processes it to the rear end. The facility 23 was installed.

The configurations of the pretreatment facility 22 and the aftertreatment facility 23 are omitted because they are the same as those described in the thirteenth and fourteenth embodiments.

(Actions and effects)

Next, as a specific example of this embodiment, the operation and effects of the example in which the membrane 1 using the anisotropic porous material, the pretreatment facility 22 and the aftertreatment facility 23 are combined will be described.

[Bioprocessing-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Materials-Granular Activated Carbon]

This method is suitable for raw water having a high ammonia nitrogen concentration and a high organic matter concentration, and oxidizes ammonia nitrogen and biodegradable organic matter, odorous substances, iron and manganese in a biological treatment facility arranged as a pretreatment facility 22. After removal, the membrane (1) using an anisotropic porous material reduces the filtration resistance of raw water while realizing space saving, and suspends, colloids and bacteria at a higher permeate flow rate than the microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water. Microorganisms such as these can be removed, and finally, disinfection by-product precursors, pesticides, anionic surfactants, odors, chromaticity, and the like can be removed by granular activated carbon treatment of the granular activated carbon equipment arranged as the aftertreatment facility 23.

[Biotreatment-Membrane Using Anisotropic Porous Materials-Ozone Treatment-Granular Activated Carbon]

This method is suitable for raw water having a high ammonia nitrogen concentration and a considerably high organic matter concentration, and ammonia nitrogen and biodegradable organic substances and odorous substances, iron and manganese in the biotreatment of a biological treatment plant arranged as a pretreatment plant 22. After oxidation and removal, the filtration resistance of raw water is reduced by realizing space saving by the membrane (1) using an anisotropic porous material, and the turbidity and turbidity at a larger permeate flow rate than that of a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water. Microorganisms such as colloids and bacteria are removed, and dissolved organic matter can be removed by continuously performing ozone treatment and granular activated carbon treatment in an ozone treatment facility and a granular activated carbon facility, which are finally arranged as the post-treatment facility 23.

Thereby, in addition to the removal of the disinfection by-product precursors, pesticides, anionic surfactants, odors and chromaticity by granular activated carbon, oxidative decomposition of pesticides such as odors and chromaticity by ozone treatment can be performed. In addition, some bio-degradable organic substances, such as humic acid and furboic acid, are oxidized and decomposed by ozone treatment, and are easily removed by biodegradation in subsequent stationary granular activated carbon (biological activated carbon).

<< 16th Example >>

A sixteenth embodiment of a water treatment system according to the present invention is shown in Figs. 25, 26, 27, and 28. Figs.

(Configuration)

Drainage treatment facility 24 for treating wastewater discharged from at least one of membrane module, pretreatment facility 22, and post-treatment facility 23 in which a membrane 1 using an anisotropic porous material is loaded into a container 2 and integrated. Is installed.

The drainage treatment facility 24 includes flocculant injection facility, flocculation precipitation facility, flocculation sand filtration facility, flocculation sedimentation sand filtration facility, concentration facility, dehydration facility, drying facility, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, UV irradiation The wastewater treatment is carried out by the equipment, the pH adjusting equipment, any one of the first to fourteenth examples, and the combination thereof.

(Actions and effects)

Here, the action and effect of each wastewater treatment facility 24 are demonstrated. In addition, about the facility demonstrated by the pretreatment facility 22 and the aftertreatment facility 23, it abbreviate | omits since it is the same structure, operation | movement, and effect.

[Concentration equipment]

The concentration plant can concentrate the sludge from the drainage by natural sedimentation action by gravity or mechanical concentration action by centrifugation.

[Dewatering equipment]

The dewatering plant can eliminate moisture from the concentrated sludge by natural drying or by mechanical dehydration such as pressure filtration, pressure filtration, vacuum filtration, centrifugation, and granulation dehydration.

[Drying equipment]

The drying equipment can eliminate water rather than dewatered sludge by the natural drying action or the heat drying action.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a membrane module capable of reducing the filtration resistance of raw water while increasing the space, and increasing the permeation flow rate compared to the microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane generally used for water, and a water treatment system using the same. Can be.

Claims (21)

Courage, A membrane module comprising a filtration membrane which is loaded into the vessel and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the vessel. The method of claim 1, The membrane module is characterized in that the anisotropic porous material contains a plurality of pores, each of which has an anisotropic shape that can define a major axis and a minor axis, and the plurality of pores are arranged in an directional manner. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The filtration membrane is a membrane module, characterized in that formed in a flat shape or bag shape. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Membrane module, characterized in that the filtration membrane is formed in a cylindrical shape. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The filtration membrane is a membrane module, characterized in that it is used in a state immersed in an open or closed tank in which the raw water to be filtered is introduced. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The filtration membrane is a membrane module, characterized in that composed of a multilayer membrane laminated in multiple layers with respect to the flow direction of the raw water. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The filtration membrane is composed of a multilayer membrane laminated in multiple layers with respect to the direction of the flow of raw water, and the membrane module characterized in that the filtration while flowing the raw water along the membrane surface of the multilayer membrane. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Membrane module, characterized in that different diameters of the holes of the filtration membrane. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Membrane module, characterized in that any one of a direct voltage, alternating voltage, or pulse voltage is applied to the filtration membrane. A membrane module having a container, a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; And a raw water sterilization system comprising at least one of UV irradiation, ozone injection treatment, hydrogen peroxide injection, photocatalyst application, or two or more of the membrane modules. A membrane module comprising a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; And a filtrate sterilization treatment facility comprising at least one of UV irradiation, ozone injection treatment, hydrogen peroxide injection, photocatalyst application, or two or more installed on the filtered water side from the membrane module. A water treatment system comprising a plurality of membrane modules arranged in parallel with a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded in the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material and filters raw water blown into the container. A membrane module comprising a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; And a disinfection facility disposed at the rear end of the membrane module. The method of claim 13, The disinfection facility is a water treatment system characterized by sterilizing the filtered water using any one or two or more of a chlorine injection facility, sodium hypochlorite injection facility, calcium hypochlorite injection facility, UV irradiation facility. A membrane module comprising a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; And a pretreatment facility disposed in front of said membrane module. The method of claim 15, The pretreatment equipment is a contaminant removal equipment, flocculant injection equipment, flocculation precipitation equipment, flocculation sand filtration equipment, flocculation sediment sand filtration equipment, chlorine injection equipment, aeration equipment, flotation separation equipment, biological treatment equipment, powder activated carbon equipment, ozone generating equipment, A water treatment system comprising any one or two or more granular activated carbon equipment. A membrane module comprising a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; And a post-treatment facility arranged at the rear end of the membrane module. The method of claim 17, The post-treatment facility comprises one or more of a precision filtration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, a nano filtration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, a pH adjusting facility, a granular activated carbon facility, an ozone injection facility, a UV irradiation facility, an aeration facility, or two or more. Water treatment system. A membrane module comprising a container and a filtration membrane which is loaded into the container and which is composed of an anisotropic porous material to filter raw water blown into the container; A pretreatment facility disposed at the front end of the membrane module, And a post-treatment facility disposed at the rear end of the membrane module. The method of claim 19, And a wastewater treatment facility for treating wastewater discharged from at least one of said membrane module, pretreatment facility, or aftertreatment facility. The method of claim 20, The drainage treatment equipment is a flocculant injection equipment, flocculation precipitation equipment, flocculation sand filtration equipment, flocculation precipitation sand filtration equipment, concentration equipment, dehydration equipment, drying equipment, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nano filtration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, UV irradiation equipment, A water treatment system comprising any one or two or more pH adjusting equipment.

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