KR20070060054A - The equipment to separate the mixtures of solids using the difference of settling velocities of solid particles in water - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is an apparatus with a simple structure for separating solid mixtures at high efficiency to minimize the amount of energy required for lifting light substances of low settling velocity and to completely get rid of solids and water from the apparatus. The apparatus for separating mixtures of solids comprises a separating device(11) and a water bath(12). The separating device(11) includes a solid mixture input device(111), an upward water flow inducing device(112), a turbulent flow creating area(113), a lower discharge unit(114) for discharging heavy solids outside, a lower transfer device(115) for carrying settled solids, an upper discharge unit(116) for removing floating solids and water outside, and an upper transfer device(117a) or a screen type upper transfer device(117b). The water bath(12) has a weir(121) for controlling water level according to operation conditions of the separating apparatus.

Description

Separation apparatus for solids using difference in sedimentation velocity of solid particles {The equipment to separate the mixtures of solids using the difference of settling velocities of solid particles in water}

1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a mixed solid separation apparatus used in the present invention

Figure 2 is a structure and operation principle of the rising water induction apparatus used in the present invention

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

11: separator

111: mixed solid matter input device 112: rising water induction device

113: Turbulent Generation Zone 114: Lower Exhaust Section

115: lower feeder 116: upper discharge portion

117: upper feed unit

12: tank 121: wear

13 water spray cleaning device

211: water nozzle 221: air nozzle

231: channel 241: aberration

251: screw 252: sieve

261: drain pipe 262: water supply pipe

The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating a mixture of solids having different densities and sizes by using a settling velocity difference that sinks in water, and more particularly, by a hydrodynamic or mechanical method in which mixed solids are introduced. Solids rising up in the ascending stream can be flowed out of the separator and then sent to another treatment device, or directly collected with a sieve or filter cloth to be dehydrated and collected. It relates to a mixed solids separator for collecting.

Because of the enormous economic, social, and environmental costs involved in the processing and disposal of enormous amounts of solid waste emitted from our country, recycling of these wastes as resources is most desirable. However, in order to properly recycle waste, it is necessary to separate out the foreign substances that hinder the recycling, which is one of the most difficult problems in waste recycling. For example, in the case of food waste, metal materials such as cutlery, chopsticks, and bottle caps, and dense inorganic materials such as broken glass pieces or bowl pieces are a big problem, and plastic or wood chips are used to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste. Low density materials are a problem. In the process of restoring bad landfills or contaminated soils, it is possible to reduce the cost and increase the treatment efficiency by separating sand containing relatively little contaminants from clay and organic matter contaminated with contaminants separately. When separating mixed solids mixed with various substances for this purpose, it is often separated into two types, such as heavy and light substances or large and small substances, according to their universal properties, rather than being strictly separated according to their exact characteristics. For example, a factory that produces recycled aggregates from construction waste involves separating heavy aggregates from relatively light wood and plastics. Until now, a number of techniques have been developed and applied to separate mixtures, such as wastes mixed with solids, into relatively heavy and light parts, but the basic principle is to sift largely by sieve, wind or water It is based on the sedimentation rate difference. However, the conventional techniques that have been applied up to now are simple, if the device is simple, the separation efficiency is poor or the foreign matter content of the separated material is high, the separation efficiency is good, and the foreign material content of the separated material is complicated, and the process is complicated. As a result, facility costs and operating costs are high or driving operations are often difficult. Therefore, there is a need to develop a separation device for a solid mixture, which is simple but has high separation efficiency and high purity of the separated material.

The present invention is to solve the above problems by installing a simple structure in the water tank to reduce the amount of energy required to float the light material with a slow sedimentation rate to the minimum, and the solid matter riser with water separation device It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid mixture mixture separation device having high separation efficiency by completely flowing out.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, while the upper part rises above the surface of the water in the tank, the rising solid material can escape upward and sinking solid material, and the perimeter has a limited solid separation zone completely blocked. If water is flowed upwards by using hydrodynamic or mechanical methods with the mixed solids to be separated in this zone, solid particles with a slower sedimentation rate than the rising velocity of the water move up with the water. When the water level rises above a certain height, the floating material flows out of the separation zone with water, and the remaining material, which is settled faster than the rising velocity of the water, sinks and exits below the separation zone, causing the mixed solids to float and sink. It has the characteristic of being separated into branches.

The forces acting on a sinking solid in stationary water consist of effective gravity (the difference between gravity acting downward and buoyancy acting upward) and drag acting against the direction in which the solid moves. Since the density of the solid is less than the density of water, the buoyancy is greater than the gravity acting on the solid, so when the solid floats up, the drag acts downward, while the solid sinks, the drag acts upward. When the sum of these two forces is zero, the velocity of rise or sink of the solid becomes constant. This velocity is called the final sedimentation velocity.

Where υ is the final settling velocity of the solid (cm / sec), g is the gravitational acceleration (cm / sec ² ), d is the diameter of the particle (cm), C _D is the drag coefficient, and p _s is the density of the solid (g / cm ³ ), and p is the density of water (g / cm ³ ). The drag coefficient C _D is not a constant but depends on the Reynolds number ( Re ) and the shape of the particle. Re is represented by the following equation for the final settling velocity and diameter of the solid if the water density ( p ) and the viscosity coefficient ( μ ) are constant: Proportional to the product.

The drag coefficient decreases as Re increases, but reaches a certain value beyond some limit (1,000 for spherical particles).

The equation for the final settling velocity above applies only to spherical particles that settle alone, so the shape of the separator cannot represent the settling velocity of irregular solids, but it can explain the general tendency of the final settling velocity. In this equation, the final settling velocity of a solid that sinks in water depends on the density and size (as well as the shape) of the solid. The larger is, the faster the final sedimentation rate is. In addition, even if the density of the solid is small, the large sedimentation rate may be high, and even if the density is small, the sedimentation rate may be slow. If the water is not stationary but flows in the opposite direction where the solids settle, the relative settling velocity of the solid is equal to the actual settling velocity of the solid minus the rising velocity of the water. It rises up.

In the structure of a general solid-water separator, the solids are separated by a machine or by spraying air or water from the bottom of the tank, causing turbulence throughout the tank, and lifting the light material rising upward due to the rising velocity of the water. In this case, since the turbulence must be generated throughout the tank, energy consumption is high, and the separation efficiency is low because it does not remove all the rising materials. The basic principle of mixed solids separation applied in the present invention is to use the sedimentation rate difference which depends on the density and size described above. In other words, using a mechanical or hydrodynamic method to create a solids separator that raises the water in a restricted separation zone installed in the tank and flows out of the separation zone, the settling rate is slower than the rising velocity of water among the solids introduced into the device. All of the solids that have risen flow out with the water to the transporter installed outside the separator, and the solids whose sedimentation rate is faster than the rising velocity of the water settle over the transporter installed in the bottom and are discharged out of the tank to separate the mixture. It can be said to be a feature of the present invention that is different from the separation method. In this way, less turbulence is generated by forming turbulence and separating solids only in a limited separation zone in the tank, and all the solids come out of the separator with water and are separated. The separation efficiency of is increased.

The principle of the apparatus for separating solids using the sedimentation speed difference of the solids will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the basic structure of the present inventors mixed solids separation device, the separation device 11 and the water tank 12 into which the mixture separation device is a basic component. In addition, the separator is a mixed solids input device 111, the rising water induction device 112, the turbulence generation zone 113, which sinks the water flows up inside the separator forming a turbulent flow out of the separator Outgoing lower outlet 114, the lower feeder 115 for carrying the material submerged in the separator, the upper outlet 116 for ejecting the floated material and water out of the separator, the upper part for discharging light material from the separator Conveying apparatus 117a or a sieve system upper conveying apparatus 117b in which sieve separation is performed. And the water tank to adjust the water level is installed 121, and adjust the height of the wear in accordance with the operating conditions of the separation device to make the water level of the water tank to increase or lower.

The process of separating the mixture is to flow the water inside the separation device to the upward flow induction device 112 to create a turbulent flow upwards, when the mixed solids to be separated into the input device 111 into the separation device, than the rising flow rate of water Solids with a slower sedimentation rate rise and exit with the water through the upper outlet 116 to the upper feeder 117, and the remaining material sinks through the lower discharge 114 and onto the lower feeder 115. Drained out of the tank. When the solids are large or the flow rate of the outflowing water is small and the discharge of the solids is not smooth, an apparatus for inducing the solids discharge may be added to the upper discharge part 116. The material discharged separately may be cleaned by spraying water (13a, 13b) as needed to reduce the amount of foreign matter contained.

The material exiting the upper feeder 117a via the upper discharge unit 116 together with the water may be immediately sent to another process or treatment device. However, some of these materials are the same as dense materials, but they are too small in size to settle because they are slower than the ascending flow of water, so they may have flowed out as foreign material. Therefore, if the upper body feeding device (117b) consisting of a vibrating body or a rotating body having an eye size that can sufficiently escape these substances is installed directly above the water tank and flowed over it, the sifting falls into the water tank together with the water, and then the lower transportation device (115) It sinks up and separates into heavy material, which increases the separation efficiency. This reduces the foreign matter content of the light substance discharged to the upper part, and because the water is recycled, the amount of water to be replenished in the tank is reduced, so that the size of the device for water supply can be reduced and energy can be saved.

The water flowing out of the tank through the upper feeder and the lower feeder is replenished with the tank.

The position, shape, and strength of the turbulence generating region 113 formed inside the separator vary depending on the structure inside the separator and the operation, position, and direction of the ascending current inducing apparatus. Light matters or other foreign matter that sinks to the heavy, submerged materials can be removed by turbulent action and reemerged to increase the separation efficiency. Within the separator, the cross-sectional area of the upstream section (Venturi tube structure) can be partially narrowed, or a baffle can be placed in a suitable place, or a hole can be drilled around the separator to control the position or intensity of turbulence.

Figure 2 shows the basic structure and principle of operation of the rising water induction apparatus is applied to raise the water inside the separator of the present invention.

Figure 2a is a water injection type inflow water induction apparatus using a pump to inject water at a sufficient flow rate through the water injection port 211 leading into the separation device, the sprayed water flows upward while forming a turbulent flow, the sedimentation slow solids And withdraws out of the top separator 116. Water flowing through the injection hole is discharged out of the tank through the upper feeder (117a) or flows down to the water tank in the sieve top feeder (117b) and then discharged out of the tank through the weir 121, the outflowing water is collected and recycled Let's do it.

Figure 2b is the air injection type inflow water induction apparatus blows the air through the air injection port 221 leading to the inside of the separator using a blower or an air pump, the air rises with pressure and buoyancy as the water level rises with the upper discharge portion ( When the height is higher than the height of the 116, the solid matter rises with the water flows out to the upper feeder 117 outside the separation device is separated. In this case, since the water in the tank is circulated, the water is replenished from the outside by the amount of water that is drawn out together with the solids that are separated and discharged.

Figure 2c is a waterfall type upflow induction device when the water drops to the waterway 231 above the separator with or with the solids, the water level in the separator is formed in the vertical and horizontal flow and turbulence due to the water drop The solid material that rises and flows out through the upper discharge portion 116 together with the water is separated. The water flowing into the separator is discharged directly out through the upper feeder 117a or flows down into the water tank from the sieve upper feeder 117b and then discharged out of the tank through the weir 121.

Figure 2d is the aberration type water flow induction device to form a turbulence as the blade of the aberration 241 installed in the separator rotates, and the upper conveying device to the upper discharge unit 116 with the solid material floating the water inside the separator The solids are separated by flowing to (117). The amount of water in the tank flows upward through the lower discharge portion 114 into the separator through the amount discharged from the separator, and replenishes the water from the outside by the amount of water that escapes together with the solids that are separated and escaped.

Figure 2e is a propeller-type upflow induction device rotates the screw 251 installed inside the separator when the water is pushed through the upper discharge unit 116 and the upper conveying device 117 with the solids flowing upward while forming turbulent flow Exit and separation occurs. The water in the tank is sucked to the back of the screw 251, circulating, installs a sieve 252 in the area in which the water flows to protect the screw from being sucked into the foreign matter. The water is replenished from the outside by the amount of water that escapes along with the solids that are separated out.

Figure 2f is a submerged rising water induction apparatus by installing the height of the upper discharge portion 116 lower than the water level of the water tank by the water level difference is sucked into the separation device through the lower discharge portion 114 to the upper discharge portion by the water level difference. Flowing out leads to the formation of turbulent and rising water streams and the separation of solids. Water and solids discharged to the upper discharge part flows to the upper feeder 117 out of the tank through the discharge pipe 261, and supplements through the supply pipe 262 from the outside by the amount of water exiting from the separator to increase the water level of the tank. Keep it constant

As described above, the present invention is an apparatus capable of effectively separating a mixture of solids having significantly different densities and sizes by using a submerged sedimentation velocity, which is used in aggregate to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste. Included in soil reclamation in contaminated soils or landfills, such as waste reclamation that separates low-density contaminants such as wood chips and plastics, or removes high-density contaminants such as metal or glass chips from food waste. It can be used effectively in the field of pollution restoration such as separating the less polluted sand and gravel, and in the field of improving the aggregate quality such as separating foreign matter such as organic matter contained in the sand used as aggregate.

Claims (3)

In the mixed solids separating device for separating the mixed solids of different density and / or size by using the sedimentation rate difference of the solids in water, As shown in FIG. 1, at least one of six rising water induction devices having the characteristics shown in FIG. 2 is provided with a separation zone in which solids float or sink according to the sedimentation rate of the solid and the rising velocity of the water only in a limited portion of the tank. Induce the turbulence and rise of water in the separation zone by using the floating solids slower sedimentation rate than the rising velocity of the water floated out of the separation device, characterized in that the sedimentation rate is settled to the bottom of the tank to separate Mixed solids separator. The method according to claim 1, Modify the structure or shape of the separation zone or upflow guide, or increase the direction, position, or number of separation zones or upflow guides in order to increase the location of turbulence or the ability to generate turbulence, or to change the water flow velocity. Mixed solids separator with modification or addition of a device that facilitates the discharge of solids on top of the separator. The method according to claim 1 or 2 A mixed solids separator that uses water in a tank to mix different materials to change the specific gravity of the water, or uses another liquid instead of water.

Images