KR20070059509A - Method for composing river with little tidewater for ecologically recovering a freshwater lake by a seawall - Google Patents

Method for composing river with little tidewater for ecologically recovering a freshwater lake by a seawall Download PDF

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KR20070059509A
KR20070059509A KR1020050118421A KR20050118421A KR20070059509A KR 20070059509 A KR20070059509 A KR 20070059509A KR 1020050118421 A KR1020050118421 A KR 1020050118421A KR 20050118421 A KR20050118421 A KR 20050118421A KR 20070059509 A KR20070059509 A KR 20070059509A
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freshwater
river
freshwater lake
lake
seawater
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KR100732626B1 (en
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김현태
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김현태
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/40Protecting water resources
    • Y02A20/402River restoration

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

A method for making a tidal river for ecological restoration along the coast of the existing freshwater lake or by a seawater is provided to create advantageous environment for coastal fishes' inhabitation by keeping a freshwater lake and the sea clean and making coastal fishes and nutritious substance smoothly. The invention relates to a method for making a tidal river(30) where seawater and fresh water flow over freely on the side of a freshwater lake(20) where the movement of fresh water and seawater is cut off by a seawall(10) capable of forming suitable environment for letting rare fishes move to the freshwater lake, stay and spawn safely, and then return to the sea, and supplying fresh water containing abundant nutritious substance smoothly and growing coastal fishes by installing a spur dike(33) and forming a zigzag flow passage along both banks of the river, forming a river-mouth(32) on the lowermost reaches of the freshwater lake, and installing an automatic floodgate(31) to the upper reaches of the tidal river and controlling the level of the freshwater lake without opening a sluice gate of the seawall.

Description

방조제 담수호의 생태적 복원용 감조하천 조성방법{Method for composing river with little tidewater for ecologically recovering a freshwater lake by a seawall} Method for composing river with little tidewater for ecologically recovering a freshwater lake by a seawall

도 1은 본 발명으로 조성되는 방조제 담수호의 감조하천의 평면예시도1 is a planar view of the streams of the freshwater lakes of the freshwater lakes

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: 방조제 20: 담수호  10: Seawall 20: Freshwater Lake

30: 감조하천 31: 수문 30: rivers and rivers 31: floodgates

32: 하구 33: 수제32: Estuary 33: Homemade

34: 제방 35: 보34: Dyke 35: Show

40: 바다 40: by sea

본 발명은 방조제나 하구둑으로 단절된 담수호와 해양생태계의 건전성 확보 와 연안지역 어류와 영양물질의 원활한 이동으로 연안 서식 어류에 유리한 환경을 제공하기 위한 감조(減潮)하천을 방조제 담수호에 조성하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for forming a freshwater stream in a freshwater lake to provide an environment favorable for coastal fishes by ensuring the integrity of freshwater lakes and marine ecosystems that are disconnected by the seawall or estuary banks and the smooth movement of fish and nutrients in coastal areas. It is about.

조수의 차단과 홍수 조절, 담수 및 담수호내 연안토지의 확보 등을 목적으로 하여 조성되는 방조제(또는 하구둑. 이하 같음)는 파랑, 해수와 같은 담수호의 외적 위험요소에 대한 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 사석과 성토공법 등으로 축조되고, 담수 하천의 수위는 방조제에 설치된 배수갑문으로 관리하게 된다.In order to prevent tidal currents, flood control, and to secure freshwater and coastal lands in freshwater lakes, the dike (or estuary bank, hereinafter) is used to secure stability against external hazards of freshwater lakes such as blue and seawater. It is constructed by the embankment method, etc., and the water level of freshwater river is managed by the drainage lock installed in the embankment.

그러나 방조제는 담수와 염수의 유통을 막아 회귀성 어류의 산란을 위한 이동과 영양물질의 이동을 단절함으로써 연안 어족자원의 고갈을 부추기고, 하천수에 쓸려오는 모래의 갯벌 유입을 차단하여 갯벌의 생태적 건전성을 해치기도 한다. However, the seawall prevents the distribution of freshwater and brine, which cuts off the migration of nutrients and the transport of regressive fish, thereby encouraging the depletion of coastal fish stocks and blocking the inflow of sandy tidal flats into river waters, thus preventing the ecological soundness of tidal flats. It can also hurt.

이런 점에서 방조제는 방조제가 들어서기 전과 마찬가지로 담수와 해수의 전이지역인 기수역의 생태적 환경을 보전하여 영양물질의 원활한 교류에 의한 연안 서식 어류의 번식을 촉진하고, 회귀성 어류의 산란을 위한 안전한 이동, 및 갯벌의 생태적 건전성 회복을 위할 수 있는 방향으로의 개선 대책을 강구할 필요가 있다.In this respect, the preservation agent preserves the ecological environment of brackish water, a transition area of fresh water and seawater, as well as before the preservation, and promotes breeding of coastal fish by smooth exchange of nutrients, and safe movement for spawning regressive fish. And it is necessary to take measures to improve the direction to restore the ecological soundness of the tidal-flat.

본 발명은 상기의 기대에 부응하기 위한 것으로, 담수와 해수의 전이지역인 기수역의 생태적 환경을 조성하여 영양물질의 원활한 교류와 이에 따른 연안 서식 어류의 번식 촉진, 회귀성 어류의 산란을 위한 안전한 이동, 및 갯벌의 생태적 건전성 회복에 기여할 수 있는 방조제 담수호 하구의 생태 복원용 감조하천 조성방법을 제공하려는 것이다. The present invention is to meet the above expectations, to create an ecological environment of brackish water, a transition area of fresh water and seawater, to facilitate the smooth exchange of nutrients and thus the reproduction of coastal fish, safe movement for spawning regressive fish, And to provide a method for creating an ecological restoration river for the restoration of the freshwater estuary of the dike that can contribute to the restoration of the ecological soundness of the tidal-flat.

이 과제는, 방조제에 의해 형성된 담수호의 옆에 감조하천을 조성하되 감조하천의 상류에 담수호측 담수의 유입이 가능한 수위조절용 수문을 설치하고 감조하천의 최하류에는 담수와 해수의 이동 및 회귀성 어류의 이동이 자유로운 상시 개방형 하구를 둬 담수와 해수의 전이지역을 친생태적 환경으로 복원하여 영양물질이 풍부한 담수의 원활한 공급으로 연안 서식 어류의 성장을 촉진하고, 산란기에 접어든 회귀성 어류는 산란처인 전이수역으로 안전하게 이동할 수 있게 하며, 배수되는 감조하천의 담수에 휩쓸려 연안으로 공급되는 모래로 연안 갯벌의 건전성을 회복할 수 있게 돕는 감조하천을 방조제 담수호 옆에 조성하는 것으로 달성할 수 있다.The task is to create a gambling stream next to the freshwater lake formed by the tidal stream, but install a water level control gate upstream of the freshwater lake to allow fresh water to enter the freshwater lake. The open and open free estuary restores freshwater and seawater transition areas to an ecological environment, and facilitates the growth of coastal fish by supplying nutrient-rich freshwater, while regressive fish entering the spawning season are transitional areas. This can be achieved by creating a stream of algae next to the tidal freshwater lake that can be safely transported to the coastal waters and help to restore the health of the coastal tidal flats by the sand supplied to the coast by being swept away by the drained freshwater streams.

상기 감조하천에는 수제를 설치하여 그리로 이동해 온 연안 어류의 안전한 서식과 산란을 돕는 것을 포함한다. The bird's-eye stream includes the installation of hand-made products to help safe habitat and spawning of coastal fish.

도 1에서, 감조하천(30)은 방조제(10)의 구축에 의해 형성될 예정이거나 기존 담수호(20)의 연안을 따라 조성된다.    In FIG. 1, the sensitized stream 30 is to be formed by the construction of the scavenger 10 or is formed along the coast of the existing freshwater lake 20.

담수호(20)의 연안 하상이 얕아서 담수가 최고수위에 도달하거나 만조시 해수가 유입됨에 따라 감조하천(30)의 수위가 최고조에 달하더라도 담수호(20)의 담수가 감조하천(30)으로, 또 감조하천(30)의 혼염수가 담수호(20)로 각각 유입되지 못하도록 하기 위하여 제방(34)을 축조해 격리시킬 필요가 있다. 그러나 표고가 높은 뭍에 감조하천(30)을 조성하는 경우에는 수위 조절용 수문(31)이 위치할 곳과 하구가 위치하는 방조제(10)를 제외하고는 굴착방법으로 조성할 수 있다.The freshwater of the freshwater lake 20 reaches the highest level due to the shallow coastal waters of the freshwater lake 20, so that the freshwater reaches the highest level or the seawater flows at high tide. It is necessary to build and isolate the embankment 34 in order to prevent the mixed salt water of the tide stream 30 into the freshwater lake 20, respectively. However, in the case of forming the sensitized river 30 at a high elevation, the excavation method may be formed except for the place where the water level control gate 31 is located and the effluent 10 where the estuary is located.

감조하천(30)의 상류쪽에는 자동수문(31)을 설치하여 감조하천(30)으로 담수호(20)측 담수를 흘려보내서 방조제(10)의 배수갑문을 열지 않고도 담수호의 수위를 조절하거나, 감조하천(30)으로 물을 수시로 흘려보내 담수호와 감조하천사이에 어류의 이동이 자유로운 어도의 역할을 하도록 한다. 감조하천(30)의 최하류에는 하구(33)를 둔다. 하구(33)에 방조제(10)가 위치하는 경우에는 방조제(10)를 관통하도록 설치하고, 표고가 높아서 방조제(10)의 축조 영역을 벗어난 경우에는 자연스레 바다로 이어지는 자연하천처럼 굴착하는 방법으로 형성한다. 어느 경우든 하구(32)의 폭은 해수가 완속으로 유입되도록 해 담수호와 감조하천의 수위차가 크지 않게 하여 추가로 설치되는 분리방수제를 통한 해수의 담수호로 침투되는 수량이 없도록 한다. 또한 감조하천(30)측 담수의 염도가 상류쪽으로 서서히 변화토록 하여 어류가 적정 염도가 유지되는 수역에서 산란할 수 있는 장소를 제공한다. 또, 하구(33)의 바닥은 감조하천(30)의 본류측 바닥에 근접하도록 굴착하여 해수와 감조하천측 담수가 용이하게 이동하게 하는 것이 감조하천(30)을 조성하는 목적에도 부합된다.Upstream side of the sensation stream (30) by installing an automatic sluice (31) to send fresh water to the fresh water lake (20) side of the sensation stream (30) to adjust the water level of the fresh water lake without opening the drainage lock of the seawater (10), or Water flows from time to time to the river (30) so that the movement of fish between the freshwater lake and the stream of fresh water freely acts as a fishery. The lowest stream of the bird's eye river (30) is placed in the estuary (33). When the dike 10 is located in the estuary 33, the dike 10 is installed so as to penetrate the dike 10, and when the altitude is high and out of the area of the dike 10, it is naturally excavated like a natural river leading to the sea. Form. In any case, the width of the estuary 32 allows the seawater to flow in slowly so that the water level difference between the freshwater lake and the tide stream is not large so that there is no quantity of water penetrating into the freshwater lake through the separate waterproofing agent installed. In addition, the salinity of the fresh water of the tide stream (30) side is to be gradually changed to the upstream to provide a place where fish can spawn in the water where the appropriate salinity is maintained. In addition, the bottom of the estuary 33 is excavated so as to be close to the bottom of the main stream side of the sensitized stream 30 so that the seawater and the sensitized river side fresh water easily move to meet the purpose of forming the sensitized river 30.

감조하천(30)내에는 연안을 따라 수제(33)가 설치된다. 수제(33)는 감조하천(30)에서 담수와 해수가 혼재하는 전이지역 또는 전이지역의 상류인 담수대에서도 생존과 산란이 가능한 어류가 안전하게 서식하고 훌륭한 산란처로도 활용할 수 있는 시설이다. Inside the river tide 30, a handmade 33 is installed along the coast. Handmade (33) is a facility that can be used as a good spawning place where fish that can survive and spawn safely in the transition zone where freshwater and seawater are mixed in the algae stream (30) or in the freshwater zone upstream of the transition zone.

감조하천(30)의 담수는 하류쪽으로 쉽게 흐르더라도 문제될 게 없지만 만조시 유입되는 해수가 빠르게 상류쪽으로 이동하면 담수어종의 생존에 불리하므로 감 조하천(30)내에서 해수의 상류쪽 이동은 지체시킬 필요가 있다. 이 점을 고려하여, 감조하천(30)의 양안을 따라 지그재그형 유로가 형성되도록 수제(33)를 설치한다. 더욱 바람직하기로는 위에서 내려다봤을 때 수제(33)의 내측단이 하구(32)를 향해 약간 기울도록 설치하는 것이다. Fresh water in the tide stream 30 is not a problem even if it flows easily downstream, but if the seawater flowing in the high tide moves upstream quickly, it is disadvantageous for the survival of freshwater fish species, so the upstream movement of sea water in the tide stream 30 is delayed. I need to. In consideration of this point, the handmade 33 is provided so that a zigzag flow path may be formed along both eyes of the sensitized river 30. More preferably, the inner end of the handmade 33 is inclined slightly toward the mouth 32 when viewed from above.

도면부호 (35)는 감조하천(30)에서 수문(31)의 위쪽 상류에 설치될 수 있는 보(35), (40)은 바다를 예시한다.Reference numeral 35 denotes beams 35 and 40 which may be installed upstream of the sluice 31 in the sensational stream 30.

상기와 같이 방조제(10)로 인하여 담수와 해수의 이동이 차단된 담수호(20) 옆에 해수와 담수가 자유로이 넘나들 수 있는 감조하천(30)을 조성함으로써 산란에 임박한 회귀성 어류로 하여금 감조하천(30)으로 이동해 안전하게 머물면서 산란을 마치고 바다로 복귀할 수 있는 여건이 조성되고, 영양물질이 풍부한 담수의 원활한 공급으로 연안 어류가 왕성하게 성장할 수 있는 환경도 제공된다.As described above, by forming the algae stream (30) where seawater and freshwater can freely flow next to the freshwater lake (20) where fresh water and seawater are blocked due to the seawater (10), so that the regressive fish imminent in spawning (30) It is possible to return to the sea after finishing spawning, to stay safe, and to provide a healthy environment for the growth of coastal fish through the smooth supply of nutrient-rich fresh water.

또, 감조하천수가 하구를 빠져나갈 때에는 하천의 모래도 휩쓸려나가 연안 갯벌의 토질개선에 이바지하는 등 담수와 해수의 전이지역인 기수역의 담수 및 해양 생태계의 생태적 연결성이 확보되고, 그 결과로 갯벌의 생태적 건전성도 회복시킬 수 있다. 그래서 방조제가 구축되기 전 하천 상태와 흡사한 친생태적 환경으로의 복원이 가능해지는 것이다.In addition, as the river streams pass through the estuaries, the sands of the rivers are swept away, contributing to the improvement of soil quality of the coastal tidal flats, thereby ensuring the ecological connectivity of freshwater and marine ecosystems in brackish waters, the transitional areas of freshwater and seawater. Ecological health can also be restored. Thus, restoration of the ecological environment, which is similar to the state of the river, is possible before the establishment of the embankment.

한편으로, 감조하천(30)은 혼염생태계로써, 염도에 따라 염생식물부터 담수습지 식생 및 다양한 동식물의 유입과 회귀성 어류의 이동과 채식, 산란 장소로 활용되는 등 생태적, 환경교육적으로 높은 가치를 지닐 것으로 추정된다. 하구 주변의 고유한 해양적 조건과 감조하천(30)의 수변공간을 친환경적으로 조성하여 조망 과 레크리에이션 등의 잠재관광경제성을 고려하는 것은 그래서 필요하다.On the other hand, the Gagam River (30) is a mixed salt ecosystem, and has high ecological and environmental education values, such as being used as the inflow of saltwater plants, freshwater marsh vegetation and various flora and fauna, regressive fish migration, vegetarian food, and spawning places, depending on salinity. It is estimated. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the potential tourism economics such as view and recreation by creating environment-friendly marine conditions and waterside spaces of the Gamma River (30).

통상, 방조제(10)의 해측 및 내측 사면과 천단부, 담수호(20)와 연결되는 완사면의 식물상과 식생은 토양의 종류와 유기물 함량, 깊이, 해수와 담수의 염도, 해풍과 인간의 활동으로 인한 영향에 따라 차이가 있다. Normally, the vegetation and vegetation of the seaside and inner slope of the seawall 10 and the end surface of the sand slope connected to the freshwater lake 20 are characterized by the type of soil, organic matter content, depth, salinity of seawater and freshwater, sea wind and human activity. It depends on the impact.

각 공간으로 유입되어 자생하는 식물종은 공간별 환경조건에 적응할 수 있는 종으로서, 자생종을 중심으로 선정, 녹화공법의 도입초종으로 책정.Plant species that grow into each space and grow naturally are selected as the species that can adapt to the environmental conditions of each space.

이 점을 고려하여, 방조제(10)의 해측 사면에는 높은 염도의 해수에도 충분히 견딜 수 있는 염색식물 등 내환경성이 강한 초본류를 식재하여 군락화하고, 토양이 거의 없다시피 해 식생조건이 열악한 방조제(10)의 내측 사면과 천단부와 담수호(20)의 내측 완사면은 유기질이 풍부한 마시질토양이 퇴적된 곳을 중심으로 습지식생군락이나 싸리, 갯버들의 관목군락을 조성하여 주변 경관을 개선함과 동시에 생태공원으로 활용하는 방안을 수립할 수도 있다.In view of this, the seaside slope of the seawall 10 is planted with herbaceous plants with high environmental resistance, such as dyed plants, which can withstand high salinity seawater, and colonizes with almost no soil. 10) the inner slope and the top end and the inner gentle slope of the freshwater lake 20 are formed with wetland vegetation communities, flies, and shrubs around the place where the organic rich drinking soil is deposited, thereby improving the surrounding landscape. A plan to use as an ecological park can also be established.

이상의 설명은 기설 하구둑(방조제) 담수호에 감조하천을 조성하는 것을 주제로 한 것인데, 방조제를 구축할 계획만 수립된 경우 방조제의 구축과 함께 감조하천을 조성하는 것도 본 발명의 기술적 범주에 속한다. The above description is based on the theme of creating a sensational stream in the existing freshwater embankment (harm) freshwater lake, and if only a plan for constructing the morning agent is established, it is also included in the technical scope of the present invention to construct the sensational stream together with the construction of the mooring agent.

이상 설명한대로 본 발명을 이용하여 방조제 담수호에 감조하천을 조성하면 방조제로 인하여 담수 및 해양 생태계가 단절되는 바람에 산란하기 위하여 전이수역으로 이동하거나 바다와 전이수역을 오가며 서식하는 어류의 이동이 불가능하고 영양물질이 풍부한 담수의 과부족으로 인해 어족자원이 고갈된 하구쪽 생태계와, 하천의 모래가 유입되지 못해 건전성이 떨어진 갯벌을, 방조제가 구축되기 전의 자연 하구 생태에 버금가는 수준으로 복원할 수 있다. As described above, by using the present invention to create a gamyeo stream in the seawater freshwater lakes to move in the transitional waters or to the sea and the transitional waters in order to spawn in the wind when the freshwater and marine ecosystems are disconnected due to the seawater is not possible The lack of nutrient-rich freshwater can restore estuary-side ecosystems depleted of fish stocks, and tidal-flat tidal flats with inadequate inflow of sand from rivers, comparable to natural estuary ecology prior to the establishment of embankments.

Claims (3)

방조제로 조성된 담수호에 있어서, 담수호 옆에 상시 개방형 하구를 가진 감조하천을 조성하되 감조하천의 수위가 담수호 수위보다 0.5~3m미만으로만 차이가 나도록 갑문의 규모를 적게 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방조제 담수호 하구의 생태 복원용 감조하천 조성방법.In freshwater lakes constructed with dike, a freshwater lake with always open estuary is created next to the freshwater lake, but the size of the lock is reduced so that the water level of the freshwater river is less than 0.5 ~ 3m above the freshwater lake level. Method of creating a river for ecological restoration of estuaries. 담수호에 생태 복원용 감조하천을 설치하되, 상류에 담수호와 감조하천을 연결하여 어도역활을 하는 자동수문을 설치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방조제 담수호 하구의 생태 복원용 감조하천 조성방법.Ecological restoration of the freshwater lakes in the freshwater lakes, while the freshwater lakes are installed in the upstream to connect the freshwater lakes and gamyeo streams to install the automatic sluice to act as a fishery. 제1항에 있어서, 감조하천에 수제 및 어류서식시설을 설치하는 방조제 담수호 하구의 생태 복원용 감조하천 조성방법.The method of claim 1, wherein a method for forming an ecological restoration stream for ecological restoration of the freshwater estuary of the lagoon is provided with a homemade and fish habitat facility.
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WO2011088601A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 深圳市蒙泰尔电子科技有限公司 Water diversion scheme by building seawalls beside seacoasts
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CN111827198A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-10-27 上海市园林工程有限公司 Construction method for central control water replacement and filling in tidal lake water environment ecological restoration

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