KR20060115303A - Method of construction for tunnel drainage - Google Patents

Abstract

A drain construction method of a tunnel is provided to prevent blocking of a drain pipe and leak of the tunnel, and to improve stability of a structure by installing the drain pipe on a form and spreading gravel around the drain pipe. A form(16) is installed in a lower part at both sides of a tunnel after pouring shotcrete, and a porous drain pipe is mounted in the form. Gravel is arranged around the porous drain pipe. The form is composed of a bottom body(17) and a wall body(18), and opened at one side and formed with the angle structure. The forms are connected continuously by using a groove part formed at one side and a projection part formed at the other side of the form. The form is installed to cover a lower part of nonwoven fabric or a waterproof sheet mounted in the shotcrete construction surface.

Description

Method of construction for tunnel drainage

1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the formwork applied to the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention

Figure 2 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the formwork applied to the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention

Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the formwork applied to the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention

4 is a perspective view of the combination of FIG.

Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the formwork applied to the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention

6 is a cross-sectional view of the combination of FIG.

7 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel structure constructed by the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention

8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG.

9 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel structure constructed by the conventional tunnel drainage method

10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main portion of FIG.

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

10: shotcrete 11: nonwoven fabric

12: waterproof sheet 13: lining concrete

14: hole drain pipe 15: filter concrete

16: die 17: floor

18: wall 19: groove

20: protrusion 21: seating rail

22: rock fastening hole 23: slide locking projection

24: slide locking hole 25: the central drain pipe

26: transverse connector 27: insertion type locking projection

28: insertion type locking red 29: support wall

The present invention relates to a tunnel drainage method using formwork, and more particularly, a method of forming a gravel layer around the perforated drainage pipe for collecting groundwater induced along the nonwoven fabric of the tunnel excavation surface, and maintaining the linearity using formwork. It can not only completely solve the problem of clogging caused by the use of the existing filter concrete, but also improve the water collecting function and waterproof effect, and it is easy to install the perforated drain pipe on the excavated surface with a lot of irregularities. According to the tunnel drainage method that can maintain a constant linear according to the accurate construction of the structure.

In general, tunnel construction such as subway, underpass, railway tunnel, road tunnel, submarine tunnel, etc., stabilizes the tunnel by placing hard concrete such as shotcrete on the surface of rock, and then using nonwoven fabric and tarpaulin on it. The tunnel structure is constructed by waterproofing and lining concrete finishing.

When constructing such tunnel structures, drainage of groundwater is performed by the following method.

9 and 10, after the tunnel excavation, shotcrete 10 is poured on the surface of the rock, and the non-woven fabric 11 and the waterproof sheet 12 are attached to the entire excavation surface, and finally, the lining concrete ( 13) and the perforated drain pipe 14 having a plurality of holes of about 10 to 15 cm diameter is installed at the lower ends of both sides of the tunnel to collect groundwater guided along the nonwoven fabric of the excavation surface, and then filter concrete 15 ) To complete the drainage structure of the tunnel structure.

The groundwater collected in the perforated drainage pipe is guided through the transverse connecting pipe 26 connected at intervals of about 10 to 15m, and is then collected along the central drainage pipe 25. The collected groundwater is drained by a pump in a certain section. .

However, the conventional method for draining tunnel structures has the following problems.

1) Smooth collection function of perforated drainage pipe and lining concrete when placing the filter concrete (made by kneading gravel and cement) to prevent sagging of waterproofing layer (non-woven fabric and waterproof sheet) and fixing perforated drainage pipe. There is a problem that water blocks the small hole of the perforated drainage pipe, and the collection function is greatly reduced. For this reason, the outside of the perforated drainage pipe is surrounded by a nonwoven fabric to solve the blockage problem. It is becoming.

2) Since the excavated surface of the tunnel has many irregularities, it is difficult to accurately position the hole drain pipe, and since the pouring surface of the filter concrete must be supported only by the nonwoven fabric and the waterproof sheet, it is difficult to maintain a constant linearity so that the thickness of the lining concrete is irregular. There is a problem that the exact construction is difficult to meet the design specifications of the structure.

3) Because water absorbed by nonwoven fabric and collected by filter concrete is not discharged smoothly through hole drain pipe and stays in filter concrete for a long time, there is a problem of weakening shotcrete and causing settlement of rock.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such a point, when constructing a tunnel structure, first install an integrated or assembled formwork at the lower end of both sides of the tunnel and then install a perforated drain pipe thereon and then install only gravel around the perforated drain pipe By constructing a groundwater treatment facility, it is possible to completely solve the problem of clogging the perforated drainage pipe, the difficulty of installing the perforated drainage pipe, the leakage of the tunnel, the difficulty of maintaining a constant linearity, and ultimately, the construction of the tunnel structure according to the accurate construction of the drainage facility. The purpose is to provide a tunnel drainage method that can improve safety.

The present invention for achieving the above object in the tunnel drainage method including the process of tunnel excavation, shotcrete placement, non-woven fabric and waterproof sheet attachment, installation of perforated drainage pipe, lining concrete, etc. Then, while installing the hole drainage pipes to the inside of the formwork, characterized in that it further comprises the step of laying gravel around the hole drainage pipe.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that it has a long angle structure having one side open while having a bottom and one wall.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that it is continuously connected to the neighboring formwork with each other through the groove portion at the one end and the projection at the opposite end.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that the nonwoven fabric attached to the shotcrete placing surface is installed so as to cover a part of the bottom length of the waterproof sheet.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that the one-piece or assembly of the bottom and the wall.

In addition, in the case of the prefabricated formwork, the bottom body and the wall are characterized in that the assembly can be fitted in the width direction by using the slide locking projection and the slide locking hole.

In addition, in the case of the assembled formwork, the bottom body and the wall is characterized in that the assembly can be fitted in the vertical direction by using the insertion locking projection and the insertion locking hole.

In addition, in the case of the assembled formwork, the bottom body is characterized in that the supporting wall for supporting the assembly between the engaging projection and the engaging hole is provided.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that it comprises at least one line of drainage pipe seat rails protruding side by side in the longitudinal direction from the bottom surface.

In addition, the formwork is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of rock fastening holes formed through the bottom body.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the tunnel drainage method provided by the present invention, after the shotcrete is placed, predetermined formwork is installed at the lower ends of both sides of the tunnel, and this formwork is used as a reference structure for linear maintenance, while laying gravel on the inside and lining concrete on the outside. Thus, constant linear maintenance is possible.

That is, by controlling the gravel laying area with the formwork as a reference plane and placing lining concrete, the area of the gravel layer can be kept constant and the thickness of the lining concrete can be kept constant (smooth). It is possible to keep the alignment.

In addition, in the present invention, by installing only gravel instead of the conventional cement + gravel (filter concrete), it is possible to exclude the blockage of the hole in the drainage pipe by the cement water, and to eliminate the cement work inside the tunnel, labor costs, etc. It is possible to reduce the inconvenience, it is possible to eliminate the inconvenience, such as covering the nonwoven fabric around the perforated drain pipe can improve the workability and workability.

In addition, since the tunnel excavation surface is almost uneven surface, it is difficult to accurately maintain the position of the perforated drainage pipe, but in the present invention, since the perforated drainage pipe is installed inside the formwork, it is easy to maintain the linearity related to the installation of the perforated drainage pipe. The thickness of lining concrete, which is the finishing work, can be kept constant.

Referring to the formwork employed in the tunnel drainage method of the present invention in more detail as follows.

1 to 6 are perspective views showing several different embodiments of formwork.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the formwork 16 has a long angle structure having one side open while having a bottom 17 and one wall 18, the bottom 17 and the wall ( 18, a plurality of ribs 18a for rigid reinforcement are formed at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction.

Here, in the case of the wall 18, a portion of the top is inclined to one side, which is to smoothly connect the nonwoven fabric 11 and the waterproof sheet 12 to be described later, that is, to maintain accurate airtightness. to be.

The formwork 16 may be made of various materials such as synthetic resin or metal.

The wall 18 may form a hole 18b for connecting the transverse connecting pipe 26, through which the hole drain pipe 14 and the cross connecting pipe 26 are connected to each other, and the central drain pipe 25 is connected to the wall 18. You can communicate with.

At this time, since the holes are formed at appropriate intervals (installation interval of the cross-connecting pipe), when the formwork is installed continuously connected, some may have holes or no holes.

Since the formwork 16 is continuously installed over the entire section of the tunnel, the neighboring ones which are in contact with each other are connected in a structure that is assembled correctly.

To this end, grooves 19 are provided at one end of the formwork 16, and projections 20 corresponding to the grooves 19 are provided at the opposite end thereof, so that the neighboring formwork 16 are precisely inserted in such a manner as to sandwich them. You can connect it.

In this case, the dies may be continuously connected to each other by using a stepped structure that may be assembled by being placed on top of each other in addition to the above grooves or protrusions.

In addition, the bottom body 17 of the formwork 16 is a portion in which the hole drain pipe 17 is placed and seated. The upper surface of the bottom body 17 is fixed while being parallel to the longitudinal direction for accurate seating of the hole hole drain pipe 17. One or two rows of drainage pipe seat rails 21 are provided.

Accordingly, in the case of the drain pipe seating rail 21 of one line, if the hole drain pipe is placed between the inner ribs, the hole drain pipe 14 may be placed unmovably by the jaw of the rail, and the drain pipe seating rail of the two lines may be In the case of 21), the hole drain pipe 14 disposed therebetween is supported by the jaws of the rail so that its position can be maintained in parallel with the formwork 16.

Therefore, after the formwork 16 is installed and the hole drain pipe 14 is installed thereon, the installation state of the hole hole drain pipe 14 as a whole can be kept constant.

The formwork 16 is installed after the tunnel is excavated with a lot of irregularities and placed on the irregular rock, even if it is installed in a state that is roughly flat on the rock evenly, there is no big problem, but more securely installed by anchor bolts, etc. It is preferable.

To this end, the bottom body 17 of the form 16 is provided with a plurality of rock fastening holes 22, through which the form 16 can be firmly fixed to the rock side.

Formwork 16 provided in the present invention can be manufactured in one-piece and assembled type, there is no big difference in terms of quantum function, but the ease of installation will be slightly different.

In particular, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the formwork 16 of the assembly type is to be used separately assembled after the wall 18 and the bottom body 17, for this purpose to the wall 18 A slide locking protrusion 23 protruding from the wall surface is provided, and a slide locking hole 24 protruding from the bottom surface is provided on the bottom body 17 side, and these are inserted into each other in the width direction so that the bottom body 17 The wall 18 and the wall 18 is fitted in the width direction while preventing the removal in the upward direction can be assembled to each other.

At this time, each lower end portion and one end portion of the wall 18 and the bottom 17 in contact with each other are provided with protrusions and grooves so that they can be fitted to each other during assembly, thereby assembling between the wall 18 and the bottom 17. It is desirable to make it more accurate and more robust.

To this end, it is preferable that the slide catching protrusion 23 is configured to have an inverted "T" shape on the wall 18 to serve as a rib so as to simultaneously perform a locking function and a rigid reinforcing function.

On the other hand, Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the prefabricated formwork provided in the present invention.

5 and 6, the wall 18 is formed with a plurality of insertion locking projections 27 which are positioned at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction, and correspondingly the insertion locking projections on the floor 17 as well. Insertion-type locking holes 28, which are assigned one-to-one to one-to-one, are penetratingly formed so that the bottom body 17 and the wall 18 can be integrally assembled as they are fitted in the vertical direction.

Here, the insertion locking projections 27 are formed to protrude a predetermined width toward the inner surface of the wall 18 to partially protrude from the lower end of the wall 18, whereby the wall 18 is bottomed through the lower protrusion. While assembled with the sieve 17, it is possible to supplement the strength by using the direct insertion type locking projection 27 without a separate reinforcing means such as ribs.

In particular, the bottom body 17 is provided with a support wall 29 of a constant height that is formed continuously along one edge so that the rigid structural rigidity of the assembly portion between the insert-type locking projection 27 and the insert-type locking hole 28 It can be secured.

That is, the lower end of the wall 18 is placed on the upper end of the support wall 29 while the insertion locking projection 27 of the wall 18 is fitted into the insertion locking hole 28 of the bottom 17. Since the locking protrusion 27 is supported on the inner surface of the support wall 29, the wall 18 is firmly assembled through the support wall 29 even when pressure from the gravel or the like filled therein is applied. Will be able to maintain.

Such a formwork 16 can be installed in the elongated perforated drain pipe 14 more easily by installing the bottom body 17 and then using the front free space, and after the installation of the perforated drain pipe Since it is a method of filling the gravel, there is a considerable advantage in the installation side than the one-piece.

Therefore, the construction method for constructing a tunnel drainage facility using the formwork 16 configured as described above is as follows.

7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of a tunnel structure constructed by using the tunnel drainage method according to the present invention, that is, using formwork.

As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, first, shotcrete 10 is placed on the surface of the rock after the excavation of the tunnel.

After pouring the shotcrete 10, the nonwoven fabric 11 and the waterproof sheet 12 are attached to the entire surface of the pouring surface.

Attachment of the nonwoven fabric 11 and the waterproof sheet 12 may be performed after the installation of the formwork 16 to be described later.

Subsequently, after the formwork 16 is disposed at both lower ends of the tunnel, the formwork 16 is firmly installed on the rock by anchor bolts and fixing nails.

At this time, the formwork 16 is disposed in a state in which the wall 18 faces the tunnel center so that a predetermined space can be secured toward the tunnel wall.

In the case of the integrated formwork 16, the hole hole drain pipe 14 may be installed thereon, and in the case of the assembled formwork 16, the hole hole drain pipe 14 may be more easily installed after the bottom body 17 is installed. After the wall 18 can be assembled, the workability of the prefabricated formwork 16 is better in terms of less interference when installing the hole drain pipe (14).

Next, after installing the perforated drain pipe 14 inside the formwork 16 and connecting the center drain pipe 25 side and the perforated drain pipe 14 installed in the tunnel center bottom side with a cross connecting pipe 26, then the formwork Gravel is filled around the inner perforated drain pipe 14 of 16 and laid.

After gravel installation, the length of the lower part of the nonwoven fabric 11 and the waterproof sheet 12 extends so as to overlap the upper part of the wall 18 of the formwork 16 (an inclined portion) so that the inside of the formwork 16 having the gravel is completely filled. Be covered.

At this time, the non-woven fabric 11 is in contact with the top of the formwork 16, or is placed in the formwork so that water flows into the formwork, the waterproof sheet 12 is further extended to the formwork of the formwork 16 It is desirable to cover the inclined top end.

After completing the formwork installation, connecting and installing the perforated drainage pipe, and gravel laying work, and finally finish lining concrete 13 to finish the work for the drainage facility of the tunnel structure.

In this way, by filling only the gravel around the perforated drainage pipe for the collection of groundwater induced along the nonwoven fabric of the tunnel excavation surface, while holding the boundary surface of the gravel layer through the formwork, and using it as a reference surface of the lining concrete pour surface, Compared to the gravel layer with many pores, excellent water collecting effect can be obtained, and the lining concrete can be maintained at a constant thickness.

As described above, the present invention provides a tunnel drainage method employing a method of placing only a gravel layer around a perforated drainage pipe, a method of maintaining a linear form, and a water collecting function by completely eliminating the clogging problem caused by the use of existing filter concrete. And the advantage of improving the waterproof effect, the advantage of easy to install the perforated drain pipe on the excavated surface with a lot of irregularities, the advantage of maintaining a constant linearity with respect to the uniform thickness of the lining concrete, and thus the drainage facility There is an effect that can improve the safety of the tunnel structure according to the correct construction of.

Claims (10)

In the tunnel drainage method including tunnel excavation, shotcrete placement, nonwoven fabric and waterproof sheet attachment, perforated drain pipe installation, lining concrete casting, etc. Tunnel drainage method further comprises the step of installing the formwork at the lower end of both sides of the shotcrete after installing the shotcrete and then installing gravel around the perforated drainage pipe. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 1, wherein the formwork has a long angle structure having one side open while having a bottom body and one wall. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork is continuously connected to the neighboring formwork through the groove portion at one end and the protrusion at the opposite end. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork is installed to cover a portion of the lower end of the nonwoven fabric and the waterproof sheet attached to the shotcrete placing surface. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork is an integral or assembled type of a floor and a wall. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 5, wherein in the case of the assembled formwork, the bottom body and the wall body are fitted in the width direction by using the slide locking protrusion and the slide locking hole. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 5, wherein the assembly formwork includes a bottom body and a wall body that are fitted in an up and down direction by using an insertion locking protrusion and an insertion locking hole. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 7, wherein the assembly formwork is provided with a support wall for supporting an assembly portion between the engaging protrusion and the engaging hole in the bottom body. The method of claim 5, wherein the formwork tunnel drainage method characterized in that it comprises at least one line of drainage pipe seat rails protruding side by side in the longitudinal direction from the top surface. The tunnel drainage method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formwork includes a plurality of rock fastening holes formed while penetrating the bottom body.

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