KR200425442Y1 - The facilities of pre-treatment of food wastes using hammer milling, centrifuge, and enzymatic process - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, a combination of a hammer mill type automatic pulverizer and a centrifugal solids recovery unit and a chemical coagulation reactor are used in constructing a treatment process for independently and simultaneously recycling solids and desorption liquids generated from the remaining food wastes of various properties. It is composed of the process, and the organic solids are arbitrarily controlled and separated by the required amount, and the high concentration of liquid desorption liquid remaining therefrom is subjected to the recovery of floating scum and the enzymatic reaction of the filtrate by an independent storage tank for each step, thereby stably by anaerobic digestion. The present invention relates to a recycling facility for producing biogas.

At this time, the dehydrated solids generated can be composted, dried feed or carbonized, and the liquid stripping solution produces biogas, while the anaerobic digestion effluent is connected to the activated sludge method to ensure water quality that meets the discharge standard. The present invention relates to a facility for recycling effective food waste.

In the present invention, the desorption liquid generated during the solid-liquid separation to recycle food waste is contained in high concentrations of organic or inorganic substances, so when a high concentration of effluent is generated, a large amount of effluent is required, and thus the burden on operating costs It is a situation and it is possible to reduce the chemical requirements and simplify the mechanical configuration required for solids separation and dehydration by going through the pre-treatment process of enzymatic hydrolysis by aerobic microorganisms before chemical treatment.

In particular, any food wastes with different properties are automatically separated from foreign matters, the solids are pulverized to a solid state, and the solids separated by the solid-liquid separator are processed by a well-known process such as composting, feed and carbonization. In order to convert the final product as needed and at the same time convert high-concentration liquid materials that occupy more than 80% of the waste into biogas, which is an energy resource, the process operation to freely control the recovery ratio of solids and desorption liquids according to the final resource conversion purpose. Has the features.

To this end, a centrifugal solid-liquid separator is constructed in series with a hammer-type automatic pulverizer, and the desorbing liquid generated is collected by using a multi-stage storage tank prior to the flocculation reaction. By minimizing the amount of chemicals to reduce the amount of chemicals required to separate the solids by reducing the drug costs, it is characterized by maximizing the dehydration solids treatment efficiency and biogas recovery.

In particular, the present invention is an abnormal process in the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion by effectively removing various foreign matter contained in the liquid material and non-degradable or hardly degradable coarse solids which are extremely difficult to process by anaerobic digestion when separating the solids The anaerobic treatment process that solves the main causes that caused the operational problems, and converts the desorption liquid containing high concentrations of organic matter into biogas at the same time as the processing of solids recovery when constructing the remaining food waste recycling resources focused on the solidification of solids. The main process configuration is composed of the pretreatment device to proceed stably and with high efficiency.

The present invention can be applied to all the processes for pre-treatment for acid fermentation and composting and carbonization processes and other resources in the liquification process or sewage treatment, as well as the biogas energy treatment process, which is one of food waste recycling resources. The existing pretreatment process, which took up a lot of space and was discontinuously operated based on manpower, has been simplified, and the chemical cost, fuel and power cost that are excessively consumed in the desorption solution are reduced.

Food waste, Recycling, Anaerobic digestion, Automatic grinding sorter, Screw decanter, Coagulation reaction, Enzyme pretreatment. (Food Wastes, Recycling, anaerobic digestion, automatic milling separator, enzyme pre-treatment, screw decanter)

Description

Pretreatment facility for food wastes using continuous milling and centrifugal solid-liquid separation and enzymatic reaction of desorption liquid {The facilities of pre-treatment of food wastes using hammer milling, centrifuge, and enzymatic process}

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the entire food waste recycling process

Figure 2. Configuration and treatment system diagram of pretreatment process equipment for recovery of solids and desorption liquid from food waste

Figure 3. Composition and treatment system diagram of multi-stage storage tank for chemical treatment

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

1. Garbage collection vehicles 11. Dehydrated solids

2. Input Hopper 12. Fine Scrap Collector

3. Screw feeder 13. Diffuser

4. Process water heater 14. Air pressure pump

5. Automatic grinding machine 15. Scum recovery device

6. Screw feeder 16. Scum feeder

7. Grind Storage Tank 17. Aerobic Microbial Agents

8. Complex air feeder 18. Alkaline degree adjusting agent

9. Quantitative transfer pumps (9a, 9b) 19. Desorbent primary reservoir

10. Centrifugal solid-liquid separator (screw decanter) 20. Crushed automatic overflow piping system

21. Detachable liquid secondary reservoir 28. Floating release com

22. Chemical coagulation reaction device 29. Flotation separation liquid

23. Centrifugal solid-liquid separator 30. Centrifugal transfer pump

24. Dehydrated solids 31. Anaerobic digestion tanks

25. 3rd stripping tank 32. Biogas

26. Chemical flocculation reactor 33. Dehydration solid resource recycling device

27. Pressurization

In case of relying on the existing treatment method of incineration or landfill to dispose of remaining food waste, organic solids contained in food waste are converted into useful resources due to secondary environmental pollution caused by dioxin or malignant leachate. Various resourceization methods have been developed and applied to the field.

Most of the technologies developed so far are used to separate organic matters from solid wastes from liquid desorption liquids and to recycle organic solids.They are composting process using microorganisms, dry feed process by sterilization, earthworms and mushrooms. There are high value-added fine chemical raw material production process, and the process of processing irrespective of the separation of the desorption liquid is commercialized by the wet feed process by sterilization, the anaerobic energyification process by the production of methane gas, and the drying / carbonization process.

In order to improve the efficiency of the process operation and to improve the value of the final product, any method of refining the remaining food waste is most important to the process configuration of the unit equipment for processing various kinds of food wastes. Consideration has been given and the focus has been on the construction and operation of the process, taking into account the treatment plant characteristics of two properties: solids and desorbents.

How to separate the solids from the liquid stripping liquid to reduce the processing cost in consideration of the characteristics of food waste inherently, or how to separate the suspended solids in high concentration in the stripping liquid and how to separate the separated floating solids The treatment technology and process configuration applied to the site are classified according to the final disposal direction of the solids and the desorption liquid, such as the disposal and the concentration of the desorption liquid. In general, the treatment method applied to the site is to selectively select various foreign matters mixed with food wastes in any process, and to recover the maximum amount by converting the solids into small particles as much as possible. A great deal of attention has been directed to the process configuration of pretreatment, which effectively separates the cost-effective aspect at any ratio to facilitate each subsequent treatment. Accordingly, in the pretreatment process that separates the solids and the desorption liquid applied to the site at an arbitrary ratio, various unit facilities have been developed that can satisfy the performance pursued by the recycling technology, and among them, the first time to introduce food waste From the beginning, it is important to satisfy the functions of sorting, pulverizing and separating various solid substances contained in food waste according to the purpose.

Among the recently developed pretreatment process facilities, an automatic grinding selector has been developed and inputs the collected food waste, and at the same time, it automatically separates contaminants, eliminating the need for gravity sorting by water separation by manpower selection or specific gravity, and finely sorting food logistics solids. It is crushed to make it easy to provide the resource configuration process.

The developed automatic grinding machine is equipped with the function of automatically crushing or crushing food logistics. However, according to the type of automatic grinding machine, the pulverized product or the desorption liquid from the food waste is different in appearance and the composition of the desired process as the final product is remarkable. Can vary.

In particular, since food waste contains a large amount of water from the time of recovery, a large amount of leachate is generated when stationary, and these leachates contain high concentrations of organic substances of various properties, and when they are not stored and kept clean, they are caused by severe decay. This deterioration has caused a restriction on the purpose of use.

In particular, the leachate is composed of various organic or inorganic precipitates and colloidal suspended solids of high concentration, which are non-settling, and most of them are present in concentrations and states where physical phase separation is not easy. If the leachate is discharged as it is, or discharged to the sewage treatment plant, it may cause abnormal phenomenon by increasing the load on the treatment plant. Therefore, it is necessary to configure the water treatment process to reduce the concentration to the concentration suitable for the discharged water quality.

In addition, organic solids separated from leachate by physical sedimentation contain a large amount of water, and due to the nature of food waste, a large amount of salt is dissolved. The configuration of the process equipment is necessary.

Solid materials with high water content not only reduce the composting value if they are recycled without removing water or salt, but also have limited use as feed supplements due to foreign substances composed of unknown properties, and dioxins, etc. during drying / carbonization. It is a characteristic to consider the expensive supplementary equipment for the exhaust gas.

In any of these composting and dry feeds or drying / carbonization, solids are better with less salt and water, and smaller particles can increase energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, the organic solid material of food waste has a low water content and requires the construction of a pretreatment process to make particles finer, but the construction of a facility that can achieve these two purposes is insufficient.

In any resource-recycling technology, a certain amount of leachate is generated even if the solid matter is effectively separated, so a separate treatment facility for leachate is required. In addition to the solidification process, the composition of the process considering the leachate is preferable. In particular, the leaching liquor contains a large amount of high concentrations of organic materials, and therefore, it is desirable to introduce a proper technology for treating the leaching solution and it should be considered in terms of installation cost and maintenance cost of the treatment facility.

In general, the most common method of treating high concentration organic leachate is proposed by the anaerobic digestion tank as the most suitable method for process configuration because it produces energy and requires less operation cost.

In case of using anaerobic digestion tank as a key facility for the process composition for the recycling of organic materials of food waste, there is a European type in which all the wastes are digested, but in Korea, the characteristics of food waste collected in Europe have a considerable amount of moisture. This can lead to various problems during process introduction.

Therefore, it is suggested that the collections generated in Korea should be treated separately from the solids and the leachate in consideration of the European and other characteristics, and it is suggested that it is appropriate to construct the treatment process considering the resource value of the solids and the leachate.

However, when it is necessary to separate these collections and produce their respective targets, the pretreatment of the first collection is important, and the value of resourceization appears in different forms depending on the treatment method. Therefore, the process configuration of the pretreatment and the accompanying unit facilities should be optimized. .

As in the automatic grinding selector, the concentration of organic substances in the liquid desorption liquid generated according to the selection of the technical method varies and affects the process composition for the final disposal. An effective treatment process should be considered essential.

However, in the pre-treatment process, the unit facilities are uniformly constructed by uniform mechanical combinations regardless of the composition and composition of food waste, and subsequent processes and final products. The situation is not produced.

In particular, anaerobic digestion tanks have been proposed as an optimal alternative for the treatment of desorption liquids containing high concentrations of organic substances.However, the extent to which solids in food waste are removed depends on the success and the pretreatment process for separating these solids. Excessive costs or weaknesses in operational technologies are limiting field applications.

In some field processes, European technology is introduced without any verification, which wastes enormous budgets or lacks knowledge of operating technology, thus lowering the efficiency of the treatment plant. Do.

As a result, it is difficult to economically treat high concentrations of desorption liquids in the resource-processing facility that processes food, but because of the dumping at sea according to international environmental regulations, a new treatment alternative is needed.

In general, leachate of food waste generates high concentration of stripping solution of 50,000ppm to 100,000ppm based on BOD, and there are various treatment methods to remove organic matter when treating high concentration of stripping solution, but considering economic and operational management, anaerobic digestion reaction is the first. Biological treatment by is preferred and secondary treatment by aerobic activated sludge method to satisfy the effluent quality of the Naji area.

If there is a sewage treatment plant in the vicinity, it reflects the combined sewage treatment with the biological treatment by activated sludge, but usually the treatment by activated sludge should be lowered below 5,000ppm based on the BOD. The desorption solution corresponding to this situation is required to consider multi-stage pretreatment. In addition, although the separated organic solids are one of the sources of energy generation by anaerobic resourceization method, due to the lack of processing technology, it is constrained to use energy rather than fertilizer, feed, drying and carbonization. have.

Therefore, in the recycling of food waste, whatever the organic solids are used for, the waste volume of food solids is minimized at the same time, and the foreign substances mixed in the food wastes are selectively removed, the particle size of the solids are finely refined, and the fine solid particles The process equipment should be configured to separate the desorption solution from the desorption solution to the maximum so that the soluble liquid with high bioreactivity can be introduced into the digester.

In order to achieve these objectives, the separation of solids and desorption liquids is essential in constructing the pretreatment process for the recycling of food waste to date. Therefore, after separating the contaminants by conventional simple manual work or specific gravity pretreatment, The process of changing the leachate by belt press is adopted, but recently, various kinds of automatic grinding separators have been developed to simplify the processing process by automatically separating the contaminants which are foreign matters and cutting the solid organic matters to a small size to some extent. I'm making it.

As the core equipment of the automatic crusher, the methods developed so far are divided into crushing method and crushing method. Although there are functional differences, both methods separate vinyls from contaminants and remove heavy materials or ferrous metals by gravity and magnetic force. Has the ability to

Among them, the shredding method is to cut the food waste to a certain size or more by cutting with a knife blade. Therefore, the biological tissue is kept to a certain size, and the particle size is large and the leaching liquid is less. The grinding method automatically separates foreign substances such as fiber including ferrous metals and nonferrous metals, and grinds the foodstuffs completely as if grinding by a mixer. Therefore, the biological tissues are scattered and water is eluted, so solids should be recovered only by centrifugation. The desorption liquid has a characteristic of containing a large amount of pulverized fine solids. The crushing pretreatment method associated with the screw press can control the amount of solids generated by adjusting the pressure by the rotational force of the screw press. Therefore, when a large amount of solids is generated by applying less rotational force to the screw, the amount of desorption liquid is relatively small. It is difficult to operate the composting process due to high moisture content and large particle size. When the water content is decreased, high concentration of desorption liquid containing a large amount of fine solids is generated by extruding shellfish or soft solids by the pressure applied to the collection. .

The crushing pretreatment method linked to the screw decanter recovers the settled solids from the crushed solids by constant rotational force without the input of chemicals. Under the fixed centrifugal force, the higher the flow rate is, the more the fine solids are discharged to the desorption solution and the lower the flow rate, the more the discharged to the dehydration solids is. Will have

Therefore, when constructing a process in which a centrifugal screw decanter is combined in series with a crushing type automatic crusher, the desorption liquid is removed by dewatering and selecting solids having a specific gravity and size above a certain level. Fine organic solids are present in a state that is difficult to separate easily physically and chemically.

The desorption liquid in which these fine solids are present at a high concentration has a burden of subsequent treatment because it has to be treated with effluent water when ocean dumping is difficult.

Recently, a method of converting energy into an anaerobic digester and converting it into an aerobic treatment method has been used.However, when the desorption liquid is introduced into the anaerobic digester as it is, it takes a long time to extinguish the water to a certain level so that a relatively large volume of digestion is required. It requires a large digester.

However, most anaerobic digesters do not require a large amount of fine solids, so the solids concentration is removed below a certain concentration in advance, and only dissolved organic materials are added to the system to keep the digester stable. .

Recently, in Europe, a process has been developed to improve energy generation by increasing the digestibility of anaerobic digesters by converting organic solids into dissolved state by using high pressure steam together with alkali chemicals in order to dissolve these fine solids. to be.

For this reason, in the construction of a resource pretreatment facility in the field, the situation is preferred to shredding pretreatment rather than crushing.

However, the smaller the particle size of solids is, the easier it is to ferment or decompose by microorganisms or useful enzymes, and the energy costs are reduced during drying. If the particle size is large, the operation of the treatment process is difficult, so the configuration of the pretreatment process connecting the crushing type automatic grinding separator and the screw press has the disadvantage of increasing the maintenance cost.

Therefore, in order to construct a process that increases the resource value of the selected solids and the resource value of the separated desorption solution at the same time, the recovery of organic solids is maximized, the particles are minimized, and the non-degradable solids can be effectively treated by the biological subsequent process. The solution of the pretreatment process to effectively separate the

Therefore, the grinding type pretreatment device associated with the screw decanter is characterized in that the solids are recovered only by centrifugation since the non-biodegradable fiber is preliminarily discharged into the contaminant and the particle size is finely pulverized to 100 mm or less. Low and small particle diameter accelerates composting and high energy utilization efficiency when the drying process is applied, while the amount of desorption liquid with high concentration of organic matter is increased to treat fine solids.

As described above, various types of non-degradable materials and suspended solids (SS) are the biggest problems in order to introduce the desorption liquid of the food waste crushing into the anaerobic digestion reaction.

In the case of finely pulverizing food waste in the process of crushing and sorting, organic solids are produced in the liquid state in the form of porridge as the particles are small, and since the solids in the porcelain state are mixed and homogenized with various constituent materials, the conventional centrifuge or belt press It exists in a difficult state to separate from the water by a device such as, because it exists in a state that is difficult to remove easily by itself or flocculation chemicals due to the milk fat material or hydrophobic polymer material present in the liquid phase.

Because of this, there are limitations to date, but the method of cutting with a cutting edge is adopted to reduce the particle size of organic solids, and the process of dehydration using filter press or screw press for dewatering is performed on the site in the comparative position. This is why it is designed to apply.

As described above, in the case of using the process of dewatering the crushed solids by cutting, the outflow is not so effective due to the sponge phenomenon of moisture inside the coarse solids, so that the compressed solids always contain a certain amount of water. have. In addition, the compressed dehydration method has a low discharge of non-degradable fiber from solids, while various mucus substances are discharged as a high concentration of desorption liquid due to food waste, which makes it difficult to process a high-density solid solution and a high concentration of desorption solution. do. Therefore, when these processes are used, there is a large amount of oily components or fine suspended matter in the state of mucus, so that high concentration of wastewater can be generated even by dehydration process by pressing considering the physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties of equipment. You can't stop it.

It is pointed out that organic solids, which have undergone the compression dehydration process, are relatively large in particle size and thus do not effectively remove the water bound in the food tissues, and thus, it is difficult to remove salt or water content beyond the limit. In addition, when the particles are large, composting organic solids or manufacturing dry foods requires a lot of costs to control moisture, and fermentation by microorganisms proceeds inefficiently, thereby providing a cause of poor composting.

In addition, the desorption liquid generated after the first process of recovering organic solids from the liquid substance contains high concentrations of floating organic and dissolved organic substances, and must be effectively removed before discharge. In addition, it contains a large amount of non-degradable and hardly decomposable materials, so the organic load must be reduced considerably when introducing a biological treatment method in a subsequent water treatment process.

However, when a high concentration of desorption liquid is directly introduced into the sewage treatment plant, an abnormal state occurs due to the high concentration of organic matter and it causes difficulties in treatment. If there is no sewage treatment plant, it is estimated that treatment other than consignment treatment is virtually impossible.

Therefore, the introduction of the solid-liquid separation process that minimizes the particles of solids by crushing food waste as much as possible, and recovers the minimized organic solids from the liquid materials with high efficiency, reduces the cost required to remove the moisture of the solids, compost or dry feeds and carbides. It is a major factor in the productivity of the final product and it has emerged as an important constituent of the process composition that can control the desorption properties introduced during biological treatment by the anaerobic digestion method of high concentration desorption solution. Compared with the pretreatment process of the cutting method, however, it can bring a dramatic improvement in productivity and economy.

In the present invention, the remaining food waste mixed with various foreign substances are crushed and pulverized, and at the same time, the foreign substances are sorted as much as possible, and the organic solids are effectively separated from the desorption liquid to enhance the resource value of the solids and to efficiently process the desorption liquid. will be.

Even if the food waste is thoroughly separated from the collection process and then discharged, the garbage generally contains not only materials useful for recycling but also a large amount of uneven foreign matter causing problems in the processing process. These foreign substances are mixed with a variety of indistinguishable substances such as biologically decomposable substances, biodegradable substances, water-soluble substances and non-aqueous substances, and have properties that are difficult to distinguish the properties.

Food wastes collected in various regions include not only food logistics that are difficult to process in recyclable facilities such as animal and plant remnants and shellfish, but also the use of plastic bags during the separate collection process has increased due to large and small vinyl and plastics, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, Papers, woods, fibers, etc. vary and these materials have a significant impact on the durability of the equipment as well as the efficiency of subsequent processing.

In addition, in case of proceeding anaerobic digestion by transporting these substances as desorption liquid, it is possible to increase the non-reaction area of digester to reduce the extinguishing efficiency. Provide a reason for not doing it.

As described above, in order to enhance the resource value of the solids separated from the collected food waste, the particle size of the precipitated solids recovered from the solid-liquid separation process should be as effective as possible. In addition, the generated desorption liquid needs to be useful for the anaerobic digestion of energy resources such that the concentration of dissolved organic substances is increased to the maximum through the miniaturization of biodegradable solid materials.

However, in order to efficiently operate a series of pretreatment processes such as the selection of foreign substances, the crushing and pulverization of solids, and the separation of solids, the equipment must be configured as an automatic continuous process. It is not easy or requires excessive manpower and cost for operation and maintenance, and requires a long processing time for the operation of equipment for processing a target amount.

These pretreatment processes affect the subsequent process of the desorption solution, and different device configurations are connected by varying the degree of treatment of the discharged water according to the method of the subsequent process. In particular, when the desorption liquid is adopted as an energyification process for anaerobic digestion, it is evaluated as a preferable method for recycling the remaining food waste in terms of production of alternative energy. This situation is not properly implemented.

In particular, in the anaerobic digestion tank energy desorption process, the composition of the pretreatment process, which determines the operation of increasing the dissolved concentration of organic solids, is an important factor in determining the reaction efficiency of the anaerobic digester tank. After crushing, the process is configured to transfer most of the pulverized solids to the anaerobic digester through insufficient solid-liquid separation, causing many problems in processing efficiency and operation.

If any of the existing methods of recycling do not undergo proper pretreatment, non-degradable or insoluble solids are not effectively removed, and non-biodegradable and insoluble solids are introduced into the anaerobic digester. As it takes up the reaction volume and decreases the reaction speed, ultimately the extinguishing efficiency is lowered and the digester cannot reach the proper function for a long time.

In addition, during the operation of the acid fermentation tank for sewage treatment, if the particles of the solid are not fine or the solid-liquid separation is ineffective during the sorting and grinding of the foreign matter, insoluble foreign matter accumulates inside the acid fermentation tank to reduce the reaction volume of the reaction tank. Not only do not secure the inflow of insoluble solids or foreign substances in a large amount to the sewage treatment plant is causing a side effect that worsens the treatment function.

Due to these problems, the pretreatment process is composed of a crushed screw press that can be quantitatively controlled to discharge less desorption liquid, but this process configuration increases the water content of the solid discharged from the screw press, which causes problems in the quality of composting. In addition, even when using the dry carbonization method, which is one of the methods for reducing the solids, when the remaining food waste is directly added to the dryer, the energy consumption required for evaporation of the water is considerable.

In addition, in the case of dehydrating solids using a screw press, a high concentration of suspended solids remains in the desorption liquid, and a centrifuge for subsequent solid-liquid separation of the solids is essential and has a disadvantage of excessive chemical cost.

However, in case of recovering and reusing the energy generated by treating the desorption solution by anaerobic digestion, energy cost can be considerably reduced in the process of drying and carbonizing solids after separation of solid solution. There is a need.

In addition, in the case of composting, foreign matter and solid-liquid separation should be appropriately used to reduce the amount of moisture control agent that occupies most of the operating costs, and to reduce the concentration of salin, which is an important factor affecting the quality of the final product.

In particular, the smaller the particles of the organic solid material, the faster the biodegradation rate. In the case of pulverizing the biological tissue, the salt concentration is eluted out of the biological tissue and transferred to the desorption liquid, so the salt concentration of the solid can be expected to be reduced. An effective pretreatment process for automatic grinding machines and screw decanters is an important functional unit in the construction of food waste recycling facilities.

Therefore, when the remaining food waste is converted to full energy or partially energized, the inflow of substances that are not decomposed by the microorganisms propagated in the digestion tank can be minimized so that the desorption and leaching liquids generated in the intermediate treatment process can be treated by anaerobic digestion. At the same time, a process configuration is needed to effectively solidify the solids.

Until now, simple mechanical devices have limitations in physicochemically refining organic solids or organic desorption liquids. In particular, desorption liquids require a large amount of expensive chemicals to recover and process colloidal solids that are difficult to separate. As a result, the operating cost of the process configuration is significantly increased.

In particular, flocs are not well formed by oily components in the flocculation tank during the recovery of colloidal suspended solids due to the pressure injury, which increases the use cost of chemicals and is discharged with a large amount of moisture in the generated flocs. There is a hassle to add a dehydration process in order to process the flotation recovered from the upper layer.

In addition, the food waste is acid-fermented in an acid-free tank condition during stagnation before collection, so that a large amount of organic acid is generated, and the acidity is lowered to about 3.0 to 3.5. Is formed.

As such, in order to resource the organic materials, the subsequent processes linked to the properties of the solids and the desorption liquid must have a mutually effective function in operating the cost-effective pretreatment process configuration and the respective unit facilities.

In particular, the sedimentable organic solids contained in the desorption liquor should be converted to dissolved organic substances that are available as bioenergy when introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank, and the composition of the hydrolysis treatment process can be considered additionally. It is time to introduce new processes for the construction and operation of the facility.

As a result, the pre-processing technology, which consists of simple mechanical combinations, does not achieve the final target performance to utilize most of the resources as a resource without the disposal of useful resources. In order to achieve the high efficiency by constructing the separation and processing equipment for solids and desorption liquors as resources, the automatic selection of foreign substances, fine grinding of foods, and effective solid-liquid separation should be performed continuously. .

Innovative and simple by supplementing the operation method that solves various pointed out problems such as reducing the chemical cost in constructing the energy-recycling process of the desorption liquid using anaerobic reaction while improving the resource value of the organic solids recovered by the combination of the continuous processes. The resourceization process was configured.

In conclusion, in the present invention, the configuration of the process is primarily solved through the arrangement of unit equipment in which the resource efficiency of the solids and the desorption liquid is improved. At this time, in order to enhance the resource efficiency of the solids, the process of minimizing the particle size and discharging the solids having a low moisture content was introduced, and the process of discharging the non-biodegradable foreign substances was maximized.

In addition, in order to increase the efficiency of desorbing liquor, high concentrations of organic materials are introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank.In order to increase the efficiency of converting the introduced organic materials into energy, it is possible to arbitrarily control the emissions of the solids and the desorbing liquor, It was to configure a process to improve the treatment efficiency.

In particular, in the present invention, when the desorption liquid is introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank, the solids in the desorption liquid are recovered in advance or processed in advance so that the operation of the anaerobic digester is not only maintained stably but also solved the configuration of the process to operate with high efficiency. .

In the selection of units in the energy composition process of anaerobic digestion as well as the composting, feed and dry carbonization processes of solids, the process configuration according to the simple mechanical arrangement is the quality of the final product and the efficiency of the work process. By lowering the efficiency of the process, it was possible to increase the completeness of the process configuration capable of simultaneously solidifying the solids and the desorption liquid, with a focus on a simple unit that must be provided by changing the use of a simple processing device that has been used in other fields.

The main point of the present invention is to solidify the food waste, so that the solids and the desorption solution can be made at the same time so that the solids have the characteristics of micro-particles and low water content suitable for the desorption, and the desorption solution is operated so that the anaerobic digestion tank applied by the recycling technology can be stably operated. Effective recovery and treatment of sedimentable or non-degradable suspended solids contained in the desorption liquid. In particular, in the present invention, the process of the combined process of each unit of the grinding decanter (5) for miniaturizing the particles suitable for the recycling of the organic solids and the screw decanter (10) to have a water content useful for the recycling of the solids In order to effectively recover the suspended solids, which is a barrier to the composition and the desorption of the desorption solution, the constitution and operation technology of the multistage storage tank 13 in which the enzymatic hydrolysis of the desorption solution proceeds have been developed.

In the recycling of food waste, the waste introduced by the collection vehicle 1 increases the mechanical wear of the processing equipment such as transfer screws and pumps, which shortens the life of the equipment and provides the cause of equipment failure. It contains not only ferrous and nonferrous metals, but also foreign substances such as vinyl and plastics, which cause deterioration of the final products of feed and composting processes, and fibers and shellfish, which are substances causing deterioration in the desorption process. In order to effectively separate these foreign substances and at the same time maximize the solidification of the solid resources of the food waste biological system to grind the automatic grinding sorting device (5).

The crushing type automatic pulverizing separator 5 introduced in the present invention quantitatively introduces the food waste introduced into the storage hopper 2 by the transfer screw 3 to finely pulverize the particles of solids and discharges the fines to the centrifugal force of the crusher. It is to be automatically discharged by or to be discharged under reduced pressure by an independent rotary blade to remove the water content of the discharged impurities.

At this time, when transporting the discharged contaminants at a long distance, the water content is lowered through a separate screw dehydrator or transported by the air transfer device 8 as it is, and when the discharged amount is small, it is loaded in a storage tank and transported by manpower. . The grinding type automatic grinding selector 5 applied in the present invention is part of the process unit equipment and is a commercialized device that has already been applied and used in the field. In the present invention, a specific sorter is not used separately, but the content of foreign matters is minimized and the solids particles are minimized to have a function suitable for the purpose of recycling the solids, and at the same time, the automatic grinding selector 5 of the method of grinding the solids into fine particles is preferred. Selected.

Therefore, in the present invention, in order to achieve the two purposes of the subsequent process of recycling the solids and anaerobic treatment of the desorption solution (31) at the same time to seal the food waste put into the hopper and to the automatic grinding selector (5) having a rotation speed of 100 to 1,000 RPM As a result of the pulverization treatment, the solids were pulverized as fine as possible so that 80% or more of the pulverized solids had a size of 100 mm or less in particle diameter.

The applied automatic sorting machine (5) crushes solid tissues by crushing the cell tissues of a living organism, such as a mixer, so that the water in the tissues is eluted with the biomaterials in the tissues so as to perform the function of increasing the organic concentration in the desorption liquid. It was. This was introduced to increase the concentration of biodegradable organic material flowing into the anaerobic digestion tank 31 by increasing the quantitative ratio of organic matter in the solids to organic matter in the desorption liquid. It is one of the functions that cannot be achieved in the process.

In the present invention, only one automatic grinding machine is configured to remove more than 95% of the contaminants or foreign substances that do not distinguish between ferrous metals and non-exhaust metals in the final pulverized product even though constituting the first unit equipment. Malignant fibers were allowed to separate as much as possible.

The small amount of foreign matter mixed together in the crushed powder through the automatic sorting device is light or finely cut foreign matters by separate independent recovery device such as circular punching screen or screen bar 12 when it needs to be removed additionally. A device that can be removed was configured.

The pulverized material from which the contaminants have been removed is transferred to a subsequent process for solid-liquid separation, where a mono pump, a piston pump, or a gyro pump (9) is used for quantitative transfer. It was equipped. In addition, in the case of using a centrifugal pump, a bypass pipe was connected to allow the valve to be adjusted quantitatively.

The use of the metering pump is based on the use of the centrifugal solid-liquid separator as a follow-up equipment of the automatic pulverizer, and the quantitative control input during the operation of the centrifuge is an important factor in the centrifugation efficiency.

Unlike the screw press, the quantitative transfer of the pulverized product is an operation condition that must be considered when applying the centrifugal solid-liquid separator 10, and the particle size of the pulverized product can be small enough, and the transferred fine pulverized product can be added without additional equipment. Only one screw decanter 10 was configured to make solid-liquid separation. This quantitative transfer is not easy to apply because a separate fine grinder must be additionally installed in a solid particle crushed by a screw press method.

In the centrifugal solid-liquid separator (10), not only food logistics but also various heavy solid materials such as bone, shellfish, soil, and plastic are contained in the finely ground crushed product by the automatic pulverizing separator (5). It was preferentially removed so as not to transition to.

Solids separated by centrifugal solid-liquid separation are determined by the water content of the desorption liquid, the particle diameter and specific gravity of the solids themselves, and the rotational force and the gravity acceleration of the centrifuge. The sedimentable solids (11), except for colloidal suspended solids, were configured to be discharged as dehydrated as much as possible without the aid of any drug.

In particular, the finely ground powder by the automatic grinding machine (5) generally has various complex characteristics such as solids having good sedimentability, hard to settle colloidal materials, and dissolved materials, and dissolution of organic materials during the grinding process. Silver is useful for the desorption of the desorption solution, but it has the disadvantage of weakening the sedimentation by being mixed in the same state as the oil component and the emulsion.

Therefore, in the first centrifugal solid-liquid separator 10, the separation efficiency is determined by the inflow rate and centrifugal force of the pulverized product so as to recover only the settling solid 11 without using a flocculant or a coagulant. At this time, the generated sedimentary organic material has no use of chemicals in order to minimize the deterioration of the resource value by the administration of foreign matter when composting (16) or dry feed.

The configuration of the solid dewatering process consisting of the milling mill 5 and the screw decanter 10 overcomes the disadvantage of having a separate centrifuge as an accessory in the combination process of the crusher and the screw press and simplifies the installation. .

Therefore, in the present invention, when the water content of the food waste is 85% or less as the centrifuge 10 is applied for the solid-liquid separation of the crushed matter containing the relatively large solids, the separation due to the viscosity of the pulverized product may be lowered. Industrial water was added so as to be at least 88% or more, and the treated water 4 was returned to adjust the water content.

In particular, the water content of the food waste collected from the source is different in summer and winter, and the water content in winter is low, which requires more water than the summer season. In particular, when the change in the solid concentration of the finely pulverized product is severe, it is possible to change the vehicle speed of the screw arbitrarily because the situation that the solid material is not discharged by the desorption liquid may occur due to the internal screw rotation speed of the screw decanter 10 In the operation, the inflow (9) and the discharge rate of the solids (11) were adjusted to operate.

At this time, the discharged solids 11 vary depending on the properties of the milled grinds, but the water content is discharged between 65% and 75%, and a recovery rate of 20% to 50% or more is shown for the fine solids in the inputs.

In particular, the desorption solution 12 separated from the solid 11 in the primary screw decanter 10 is discharged from various materials such as fine suspended organic materials and inorganic materials, colloidal suspended materials and dissolved organic materials, and materials having a small specific gravity. These mixed and fine organic substances that can be settled by the high concentration of oil components, which are inherent to food logistics waste, are also lightened by emulsification, forming a large amount of scum that is difficult to separate solid-liquid.

Therefore, in the present invention, the desorption liquid 12 discharged from the primary screw decanter 10 is introduced into the multi-stage storage tanks 19, 21, 25, and 29 equipped with the oily component and the floating scum recovery device 15. The scum formed on top of the reservoir was separated from the colloidal or dissolved organic material to be recovered. At this time, when the desorption liquid is stagnated in the desorption liquid storage tank 19, the natural injury of the oil component and the scum component is easy, but since the homogenization of the desorption liquid is difficult, pressurizing the micro air through the diffuser 13 to accelerate the air velocity and bubble circulation. By means of homogenization of the releasing solution.

In the air supply method, the diffuser 13 is tightly connected to the bottom of the reservoir by piping and pressurized using a roots blower or a ring blower 14 to generate microbubbles as much as possible.These microbubbles are oily components or light solid materials. And attached to the upper part to rise.

The desorption liquid storage tank composed of multi-stage maintains the average temperature in the chamber at more than 10 degrees Celsius and less than 45 degrees to maintain good conditions for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. It was separated by a diaphragm to have a residence time of more than 12 hours to less than 10 days.

If the retention time in each desorption reservoir is stagnated for more than 1 day, install a diaphragm in the reservoir to have a residence time of at least 12 hours, and divide the reservoir into multiple stages. The overflow pipe 20 was configured to automatically overflow by the water level.

Floating oily components or scum are concentrated and remain in the upper layer while the desorption liquid is transferred to the storage tank in stages, and is recovered and recovered using various recovery devices 15 such as a decompression pump or a screw and a scraper. The material was degassed and worked up. At this time, most of the flotation materials appeared as oily components after drying, and the scum collected separately collected was partially selected for foreign matters, and then subjected to moisture control, and then put into compost (16) for composting or drying with a dryer. In addition, additional treatments used as biofuels could be linked. Since the desorption liquid in the multi-stage storage tank smoothly delivers oxygen during homogenization by pressurized air, cultivation of aerobic microorganisms by dissolved oxygen maintained favorable conditions, and commercial fermentation bacteria (17) capable of producing enzymes were randomly added to the microorganisms. The natural growth of the enzymes promotes the production of enzymes such as carbohydrate, protease, lipolytic enzyme and fibrinase by microorganisms. At this time, these fermentation bacteria are composed of a variety of bacteria, in particular, such as starch or oil, such as bacillus having a function of decomposing long carbon-degradable biodegradable material was selected to be cultured. At this time, the commercial strain was to install a separate bioreactor (17) to automatically cultivate by training and intermittently added to reduce the cost of purchasing the commercial strain.

According to the present invention, the alkalinity is generally maintained at about 3.0 to 3.5 by acid fermentation of the collected food waste, so that the alkalinity is adjusted to 3.5 or more in order to actively promote the initial growth of microorganisms.

At this time, in order to adjust the alkalinity, a chemical acting as an alkali regulator among lime (Ca (OH) 2), lime (CaO) or caustic soda (NaOH) was selected and supplied quantitatively through the chemical storage tank 18 and the transfer pump. In addition, the addition of lime (Ca (OH) 2) was evaluated to be the most appropriate for the adjustment of alkalinity and cost-effectively.

As a result of culturing the desorption solution in the multi-stage storage tanks (19, 21, 25) into which the aerobic enzyme-producing microorganism (17) was introduced as described above, the desorption solution was added to the anaerobic digestion tank as the mucus and sediment inhibitors of various properties were hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The chemical and biological treatments for the removal of fine solids in the desorption liquor prior to feeding were facilitated. In particular, in the case of a multi-stage storage tank, the desorption liquid of the storage tank is overflowed to the next storage tank by the newly introduced desorption liquid, so it is diluted with microorganisms cultured in the previous storage tank and transferred to the next storage tank. It will last.

The multi-stage desorption liquid storage tank has a characteristic of simultaneously achieving two purposes of effectively separating the oily and scum components into the emulsion during the sorting process of the food waste, and allowing the microorganisms to biodegrade. Therefore, the storage tank of the desorption liquid is installed by connecting at least two stages up to ten stages, and the efficiency of the storage tank may be increased by determining that the number of treatment stages of the storage tank is extended.

As described above, the flocculant after the floating material is removed and the microbial reaction is weakened in viscosity has increased alkalinity, and the alkalinity (pH) of the pulverized product whose initial pH is maintained from 3.0 to 3.5 is adjusted to 4.0 or more. Is generated.

In the present invention, the pH of the initial desorption liquid storage tank (19) is adjusted to different growth conditions for each microorganism arbitrarily adjusted to 3.5 or more and 8.5 or less to induce easier microbial growth, and the alkalinity of the subsequent storage tank (21) at the end of the microbial reaction It was induced to be an alkalinity approaching the flocculant reaction conditions.

As the desorption liquid undergoes such a microbial reaction, it is easily aggregated by a coagulant such as iron salt, alumina sulfate, and polymer to facilitate the separation of solid-liquid, thereby significantly reducing the consumption of coagulant injected into the agglomeration reaction apparatus 22 and inflowing into the anaerobic digestion tank. The cost of recovering suspended solids and solids has been significantly reduced.

Therefore, the coarse desorption liquid after enzymatic reaction is transferred to the coagulation reaction tank 22 by the metering pump 9a, and the coagulation reaction is made to increase the flocculation floc after the coagulation reaction using a common coagulant such as iron salt or alumina sulfate. Dehydration or small flocculation floc was induced to dehydrate by the screw decanter 23.

In general, when the filter press is used to agglomerate the food waste and collect the flocculant and recover the flocs, unlike the other activated sludges, the floc is weakly coagulated so that dehydration is not performed perfectly. The floc formed in the flocculation reaction was recovered as much as possible and dehydrated with high efficiency, thereby making it unnecessary to install a secondary dehydration facility.

When deagglomerated stripping solution contains a large amount of solids that are not recovered by the flocculation reaction in the secondary stripping solution, the liquid is separated into the anaerobic digestion tank by additionally performing a pressure-liquid tank 27 preliminarily installed at the rear stage. The facility was configured to be able to variably adjust the properties of the water quality 31 to be.

When additional operation of the pressure flotation tank is required, the flotation scum 28 recovered by flotation is operated to return to the desorption tank, but if there is a concern that the recovery efficiency of the solids may be lowered, the scaffold 28 may be dehydrated or dried separately. Can be.

The solids 24 recovered by the flocculation reaction of the desorption liquid by the secondary screw decanter 23 are optionally treated according to the equipment configuration of the solids treatment process such as being returned to the composting stage 16 for treatment or drying to convert to carbide. can do.

Until now, in the case of the treatment facilities without the floating floating material removing device 15 and the microbial enzyme reaction tanks 19 and 21, the amount of flocculating chemicals used to recover the solids is excessive, and the energy recycling method by anaerobic digestion of food waste Although cost-effectively had a negative effect on the introduction of the field, the process of introducing the multi-stage storage tanks (19, 21, 25, 29), the crushing automatic pulverizer (5) and the centrifugal solid separator (10, 23) according to the present invention was introduced. According to the analysis, the anaerobic energy resource of the desorption liquid can be facilitated with simple equipment configuration and low processing cost.

However, these dehydrated solids contain large amounts of biodegradable organic matter, so that additional equipment can be attached to return to the anaerobic digester.

As described above, the solid-liquid separator 10 recovers the dehydrated solids 11 of the primary pulverization and at the same time recovers the dehydrated solids of the flocculated floc after the flocculation reaction. The organic matter in the desorption solution 12 is dissolved. The large amount of residual solids in the desorbents was recovered, while the less reactive microsolids were recovered in the anaerobic digester.

In conclusion, in the present invention, the pre-treatment process is important in order to simultaneously recycle the dehydrated solid 11 and the desorption liquid 12 in the recycling of food waste, and the finely ground and finely ground the solids by the automatic pulverizer 15. The solids are recovered as dehydrated solids having a water content of 65 to 75% with one centrifugal solid separator 10, and the dehydrated solids are allowed to be recycled (16) such as compost / feed / dry, and the desorption solution 12 is Centrifugal solid-liquid separator (10) removes suspended oily substances and scums during the multi-stage storage tank (19) and at the same time undergoes microbial enzymatic reactions to facilitate the coagulation of chemicals through hydrolysis of mucus and oily components. Simple process for the pretreatment process so that the desorption liquid (31) having the maximum recovery of solids is introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank. The unit was designed to operate automatically and continuously.

In the present invention, a crusher using a hammer mill crushing method is used to grind food waste at high speed in all quantities, to automatically remove impurities, to increase the value of dehydrated solids, and to increase the value of desorption liquid by using a multi-stage storage tank. By developing a continuous treatment process with scum removal and enzymatic treatment, the resource value of anaerobic digestion of food waste is improved.

Particularly, in the present invention, when the food waste is operated in conjunction with the anaerobic digestion tank in addition to the process configuration, the problem that is always raised in the field application is a solid matter. This effectively controlled and minimal chemicals were used to construct a plant that maximizes the recovery of solids in the desorption solution and to optimize its operating conditions. In particular, in order to maximize the resourceization of organic substances in the desorption liquid by anaerobic digestion, the anaerobic digester should be equipped with a fairly large facility with a residence time of 20 days or more, The amount of solids in the influent should be minimized, and a large amount of chemicals are required to reduce the solids concentration, which has been raised as a factor that increases the processing cost.

Accordingly, in the present invention, in order to economically recover non-biodegradable or organic polymer solids present in a large amount of food waste, dissolved substances that have been a deterrent to the recovery of floating solids during the recovery of floating materials and enzyme pretreatment processes The removal of oily substances significantly reduced the consumption of flocculant. Particularly, the solids recovered by serial processing by the automatic pulverizer and centrifugal solid-liquid separator have relatively small particles to increase the fermentation speed during composting, and the low water content in dry feed production minimizes the consumption of heat required for drying and dry carbonization. It offers the advantage of minimizing energy consumption. In addition, the solid material recovered by scum or injury is dried by using bioenergy generated from an anaerobic digester and disposed of or processed in connection with the solids processing process, so that it is possible to exchange energy between solids and desorption liquids so that it can be applied as an efficient resource recycling method. .

In conclusion, the present invention introduces a natural biological reaction to effectively treat solids and high concentrations of desorption liquids and maximizes the resources of food waste, significantly reducing the amount of chemicals used, and additionally circulating the energy recovered. It has enabled the creation of cost-effective innovative processes.

In addition, the process configuration of the present invention reduces the installation cost by simplifying the unit equipment required for the recovery of dehydrated solids and anaerobic digestion of the desorption liquor, and the simplicity of the operation procedure is shortened due to the operation operation. Minimize operating costs.

Claims (10)

Hammer mill type automatic grinding selector that separates food waste into dehydration solids and desorption liquids to minimize the particles of solids and simultaneously grind and grind them out so that the water in the tissue flows out in order to increase the value of resource at the same time. The first centrifugal solid-liquid separator, which can be arbitrarily controlled to selectively recover the completely ground sedimentary solid particles, is arranged in series, and the enzyme hydrolysis reaction is carried out through the aerobic microbial culture of the high-density suspended solids from the solid-liquid separator. Floating oily substances and scum are recovered by the recovery device while at least two or more multi-stage storage tanks are guided to induce them, and the polymers contained in the leachate are decomposed by enzymes and the coagulation inhibitors are removed by microorganisms. Flocculation solids after the flocculation reaction Food waste pretreatment facility characterized in that the suspended solids are separated step by step by the secondary solid-liquid separator capable of controlling the recovery of. Hammer type automatic pulverizer for crushing food waste to completely fine particles so as to occupy more than 85% of particles less than 10mm to increase the organic dissolved substances available for recycling, and pulverization Food waste pretreatment facility characterized in that the centrifugal solid-liquid separator is configured in series to immediately recover the relatively large solids without the input of any chemicals such as flocculant Independent process to compost, feed or dry carbonize the dehydrated dehydrated products to 65% or more and 75% or less of dehydrated solids by centrifugal solid-liquid separator without any chemical mixing. Food waste pretreatment facility characterized in that the desorption liquid is transferred to the facility and the organic solids of the fine particles are introduced into the multi-stage storage tank is supplied with dissolved oxygen at the same time the fine bubbles are injected. The multistage storage tank of claim 1 is pushed by a new desorption solution which is automatically introduced every time the grinder and solid-liquid separator is operated in the multistage storage tank, and is continuously connected to the multistage storage tank from the bottom of the first stage to the top of the second stage, from the bottom of the second stage to the top of the third stage. Food waste pretreatment facility comprising a storage tank for separating the two or more storage tanks of more than 10 stages configured to pass through each automatic storage system by the diaphragm. In claim 1, the scum or floating material, including oily components, is injured by natural or air bubbles while being overflowed from the lower end of the multi-stage storage tank to the upper end of the next storage tank. The food waste pretreatment facility is characterized in that forcibly recovered by a scraper or pump to remove the scum and oil components in advance or independently of each reservoir in advance. The desorption liquid stored in each storage tank of claim 1 has a residence time of at least 12 hours and is homogenized so that complete mixing is achieved by microbubbles supplied to the storage tank during the staying, and at the same time, A food waste pretreatment facility comprising at least two multi-purpose multi-stage storage tanks which allow aerobic effective microorganisms to proliferate by micro-air supplied through a diffuser to produce enzymes that promote hydrolysis. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature of all reservoirs is maintained at 10 degrees Celsius or higher during the cultivation of the desorption solution by aerobic microorganisms and the pH is adjusted to 4.0 or higher by lime, lime or caustic soda to maintain the alkalinity for microbial culture in the initial reservoir. It characterized by including a multi-stage storage tank of microbial culture function to remove the organic material that inhibits the adjustment of the polymer material or alkaline degree that inhibits aggregation in the leachate by adjusting and increasing the alkalinity of 0.5mg / L CaCO ₃ or more at the end of the culture Food waste pretreatment facility. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerobic microorganism culture and the enzyme-treated desorption solution in a storage tank after the coagulation reaction with a coagulant such as iron salts, alumina sulfate and polymer, and then dehydrating and recovering the solids through a solid-liquid separator, characterized in that it comprises Food waste pretreatment facility. The method of claim 1, through the chemical treatment of aerobic microorganisms and flocculation drug to remove the suspended solids in series, the desorption liquid with the concentration of suspended solids minimized to 1,000 ppm or less is introduced into the anaerobic digester to bioenergy Food waste pretreatment facility comprising the step of recovering and reducing the treated water to 3,000ppm to 5,000ppm or less. In the process of refining food waste, it includes a process that applies the facility configuration to increase the effect of the drug aggregation reaction by recovering the floating substances by supplying microbubbles to the multi-stage storage tank by solid-liquid separation and enzymatic hydrolysis by culturing microorganisms. Food waste pretreatment facility characterized in that.

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